Evening Star Newspaper, May 19, 1929, Page 27

EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Star. D), t, Editorial Page Reviews of Books ¥ Part 2;8 Pages WASHINGTON, C.. SUNDAY MORNING. MAY 19. 13929. SKEPTICISM PREVAILS OVER PROMISES OF “L. G.”| Unemployment in England Can Bc" Ended in Year, Declares Former Pr mier in Critical Political Battle. 'ARMY OF CENSUS TAKERS TO COUNT NOSES IN FALL ' Vast Force to Be Used in Gathering Data | About More Than 120.000.000 November. The Famous British Statesman Ready to Trample Traditions, Dogmas and Doctrines for National Welfare Lloyd Georgian Enigma BY COUNT CARLO SFORZA, Persons in | first & long way behind; nobody taking when the chiefs of the Allied govern- any note of him. You can see him"— | ments used to meet for weeks at a series » o of peripatetic supreme councils, from and here Mr. Lloyd George's fists be-| g, joome to Pare tEoi| EpsttoiTonann gain galloping—"coming along, and at| His first great clash was with Asquith. last passing them”—the orator’s fists | And who is more English than Asquith were still galloping—“passing them one and his “wait and see” policy? | after the other and getting past the| He always used to come to the | winning post first to the dismay of all | supreme Councils accompanied by Lord | the experts.” ‘Then, after a long pause: making the actual count and for that they will receive $10,673,000 for about two weeks’ work. The Census Bureau is now engaged in mapping out census districts. As nearly as possible these will be made to conform to the congressional districts. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. jmen, Churchill and Liovd George, are 2 ¢ , |the ablest, as they are the most ambi- AN Lloyd George come back?|jous, of cotemporary public men in As the British campaign gets | pritain into its rather feverish swing| = A" “[ip-Lab® combination, on the no question is more frequently | yiper hand, would be difficult to arrive asked, no issue in the election a¢ “pecause of the great hostility be- more impressive. Unmistakably for “L. ND it came to pass in those | days that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should | be enrolled. And all went to be enrglled, every cne into his own city. And Joseph also went up from Former Ttalian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ambassador to France. VEN those who believe that they are inoculated against all for 7 of political wizardry guently captured by sonality of David Lloyd George. At Yarmouth, a short time ago, du; ing one of his most important speec in the campaign for the coming ele Churchill, Bonar Law, Austen Chamber- | G.” as he is known throughout the British world, the present moment is decisive. Unless he can now show that the Liberal party, under his leadership. has at Jast enjoyed a long-forecast ren- aissance, he must face the alternative Dbetween actual withdrawal as party head and a new and probably fatal aplit. It is now but six vears since Lioyd George was driven from political power by the famous Cariton Club conference, which_dissolved coalition. It is but a Dbare decade since, in the famous khaki election of 1918, shortly after the arm- | ictice, he won a victory that seemed to | make him, as the “indispensable man,” perpetual Prime Minister. Yet today in the Parliament that is now to be replaced he was the leader of a minor- ity counting hardly more than 40 mem- bers in a House of Commons of 615 members, and even in this minority he | was faced by a sizable opposition. Despite the steady diminution of his { own political power and the decline of the party that he heads, Lloyd George | remains easily the most interesting fig- | ! ure in British political life. Only Bryan » and Roosevelt, in our later political his- | tory, have rivaled his hold upon popular imagination and interest. And in his genius for “paramounting” tainly vividly recalls the Seventh of Country on Dole. It is characteristic of Lloyd George | @§hat on the eve of a new national elec- 1 $ion he should once more have captured |®opular attention. For 10 years. ever | since the war, Britain has wrestled with | the tragic problem of unemployment. { Coalition, Tory and Labor cabinet and { again_a Tory government have tried and failed. Last Winter the toll of | those out of work mounted almost to | 1,500,000, the highest since the early | evil days. This means, counting women +and_children dependent upon the un-| employed, that upward of a seventh of | the population of England, Scotland | and Wales are actually a charge upon ' the treasury, supported by the dole. After four years of power, marked by the great general strike of 1926, the 1 Tory party has at last proposed the now famous “derating” scheme, an intricate and technical system for encouraging industry by equalizing local taxation. | But the plan is so_involved and tech- nical that it has failed to touch the popular mind. It is a product of the | expert mind, comprehensible, if at all, | only to a small percentage of the King's subjects. This Tory gesture Lloyd George has | met characteristically. ~ Floating his | program upon an elaborate but never- | theless simply gr: review of the | British situation, he has said in plain | “Elect me, return a Liberal ma jority, and I will solve the unemploy- ment problem in a vear.” This start- ling promise has sll the character of | Henry Ford's proposal “to get the boys out of the trenches by Christmas.” Viewed in cold blood and in the light he cer- | ommoner.” | of all of Lloyd George's other famous promises, notably those “to hang the Kaiser” and “make Germany pay the last penny,” such a campaign promise | naturally arouses an immense amount | of scepticism. Most thoughtful people regard it as little more than “the bunk” pure and simple. tween MacDonald and Lloyd George, although it is clearly advocated by Philip Snowden, who was chancellor of the exchequer in the first Labor cabi- net and would normally hold the same post in any new government. A pr posal for such & combination would c tainly endanger the solidarity of the Labor party, while one must question Lloyd George's ability to carry the whole of his Liberal group over to the Socialist camp. Whether he turns right or left, he seems bound to lose valuable fractions of his own pai le Keeps in Limelight. Laying aside the mathematics and politics of the pre-clection calculation, one must concede that Lloyd George has already succeeded in appropriating to himself the best of the limelight. The passing of time, while it has turned him white, has not seemed to diminish in the smallest degree his supreme art |as a politician and his marvelous flair for popular interest. All things con- sidered, this may well be his last gen- eral election, but even if in the end he proves as unsuccessful at the polls as was William Jennings Bryan himself, he will have the satisfaction of having dominated the hustings right up to the moment the votes were counted. And, as I have said, on the day after election he may find himself sitting “on the top of the world.” controlling the necessary votes without which no cabi- Inet can be formed, and open to pro- posals from the leaders of both the op- posing parties. Thus while he may never again be master, his chances to be kingmaker are rosy in the extreme. |and if he is the kingmaker one may safely calculate that he will annex the royal share alike of popular attention and applause. ‘Thus while nominally the issue of the coming election is the unemploy- ment of the masses, Lloyd George has already transformed it into a question of his own unemployment, (Copyright, 19: —-e Fascist Journalist Silenced by Iron Hand ) One of the stormiest petrels of Fas- |cist journalism is for the moment, if not for a long period, silenced. Emilio_Seitimelli, editor of an ex- tremist - Rome daily paper, made the mistake of using the same vulgar and intemperate language he is accustomed to employ against Americans, French and other foreigners in discussing two | fellow Fascist editors chosen by the Fascist hierarchy for membership in the new Chamber of Deputies. Settimelli wrote an editorial deplor- ing the inclusion in the next Parlia- ment of a “miserable, idiotic, provincial newspaper man panting under misap- propriated war decorations and an illicit admission to the bar, a man whose pat- ent cowardice and monumental asinin- dishonor Italy and Fascism, but who always manages to ally himself with another editor passing as a poet, but chiefly known as a profiteer and, like- wise. admitted to the Chamber.” This is an attack such as may be found almost any day in one of three Roman daily papers. The difference this Nevertheless, it remains true that that rected against two srom the public point of view the Tory | me 15 that it wes directed against t%0 party has already totally failed to end | fices in the Pascist party and are still unemployment. And it is equally true | inguential enough to be approved by that there is very widespread distrust of | yfussolini for places in the new Par- Labor proposals, which go to the lengths | o0 of nationalizing certain key industries.| “Ajthough half of the offending edi-| like coal end transportation, and at|yoria) was devoted to idolatrous praise | ence but—if only for 12 hours—the whole of England. He had interrupted his speech and was gravely consulting his notes. He raised his silvery head and, while every one was expecting some substantial statement, he began: “Gentlemen, 1 have never seen a horse race in my life” (In saving| 50 he was making a bow to the Quaker i side of his audience). | And, after a pause: “But I'll go to one next week.” (And with that he relieved almost all Eng- land). “But Il tell you what I am told. There are men here who can correct me if I am wrong. Sometimes there lis a great surprise—the horse that the knowing ones think will win is a long way behind, and another horse, not supposed to be in the running, comes | cantering in. It is all due to atmos- pheric conditions. There are certain | conditions in which the flashy ones are | no good. And you can see the horse at Romance of BY ANNE HARD. ‘T IS hard to write of Michael Mac- White, new Minister of the Irish Free State, in the tongue of tho Sassenach. Yet, he is the type of Irishman ! tions, he conquered not only his audi- | least play with the idea of a new capi- tal levy. In this situation, while no one | really believes “L. G.” can keep to his| time schedule, there is a feeling that the “Welsh wizard” might do something | and that what he did would not be revolutionary. He Might Repeat Miracle. Liloyd George has rather cleverly cap- italized his achievement as minister of | munitions in the worst days of the | war, when the failures of the Asquith| ministry had resulted in the notorious shortage of high explosive shells. At that moment Lloyd George took over the job, and in a few months galvan- | ized the whole work of supplying the pew army with munitions. Could he do it azain? In a situation not wholly dissimilar, would his energy and imagi- nation prove adequate to perform an- other miracle? At least in this ques-| tion is revealed his real strength at the | moment. | Again, viewed in advance, the present outlook for the election is that neither the Tories nor Labor will get a clear majority; that they may fairly equally divide some 500 seats, leaving the bal- | ance of power to the Liberals, who might collect upward of 100 seats. In that situation the choice would be be-| tween the formation of another coali- tion government and still another elec- tion, which might simply repeat the last result, for measured by statistics of | votes no party in Britain today has a clear majority. “What would you do in that case? Would you make a coalition with La- bor?” Stanley Baldwin has asked of Llovd George. But for answer he has met the question, “Whom would you advise the King to eall to make a cabi- net when you found you could not?" For in such a situation the first move would rest with the outgoing prime ! minister. And in this, as in every other exchange of wit, the slow and heavy Baldwin has come off second best. No one quite knows what Lloyd George would do, and it is probable that he has no plan ready. He might make a deal to the right with the Tories, or | to the left with Labor, but neither Tory nor Labor cabinets could last a day without Liberal votes. On the other hand, it may fairly be questioned whether Lloyd George could carry a; united party into either combination. Combination May Come. 24 pre-election gossip you may hear #ll sorts of forecasts. of Mussolini and all his works, the vitri~ olic editor was summarily suspended from all Fascist party activity and his party membership withdrawn by the party secretary, Augusto Turati. Setti- melli made an abject apology for his offense .and surrendered editorship of his paper, known as the “A and Z of Fascism.” Navy Rule Reform Awaited by Samoa American Samoa, happy under the guardianship of Uncle Sam, though it dislikes the temporary naval rule, an- ticipates a propitious finding on the part of the commission which. in ac- | cordance with the Samoan bill is to determine the future administration of the island group. This measure, one of the last to be signed by President Cool- idge, was the occasion for a picturesque celebration by the large number of Samoans in Hawaii. It provides for the formal cession of the islands to the United States, a point strangely over- looked in the more than a quarter cen- tury since Uncle Sam occupied what is now American Samoa. The commission for which the bill provides will include two chiefs of eastern Samoa, two American Senators and two members of the Lower House who are to recom- mend to Congress the form of govern- mentthat should be set up permanent- ly. There has been vigorous objection fo the present American naval rule as autocratic. However, American Samoa is healthy, and Samoans there have been enabled to live more nearly as their ancestors did than the natives of any other islands in the’ Pacific which are really under the control of whites. Moreover, the Samoan race is not dying out, which is in marked contrast to that of many other South Sea peoples. Ancient Japanese Omens Are Explained This is the year of the serpent, ac- cording to the ancient Japanese zodiac, which still is watched with great inter- est by a majority of the population. Astrologers have been spending the past_months studying their mysterious There are those ' charts and preparing their prophesies, who believe that if the expected hap-{The person born in the year of the ser- pens and the Torles and the Labor party both fail to get a majority, there will be & new coalition, which will amount to an alliance between Winston Churchill and Lloyd George, Churchill | becoming prime minister and Lloyd George the leader in the House, with a | cabinet post enabling him to carry out | his unemployment program. In such| case Stanley Baldwin would disappear, | but Austen Chamberlain, who stood with Lloyd George in the famous Carl- ton Club fight, would doubtless remain. | Nevertheless, it is clear that such a| combination would split the Tory party badly, for while a majority of the lead- ers were friends and allles of Lloyd George in_the old coalition days, the yank and file of the party members are bitterly hostile. Nor does Winston pent is generally quiet and gracious in his conduct, according to Prof. Taka- shima, one of the most famous astrolo- gers in Japan and & man whose word is taken as gospel truth by many. The temperament of such a person is suited to almost any kind of work, but if he will enter the priesthood he will be pre-eminently successful. The profession of artist, teacher or doctor is also advised Girl bables born this year will be beautiful; males will be fortunate, but because of politeness will miss some opportunities to improve their personal stations in life. Though the general outlook is opti- { mistic, the professor has words of warn- {ing. 'Those born in this year musu | watch their love affairs hocause each {sex will be especially attractive to the other. Diseases which. parti-u'arly Churchill, who has already changed parties more than once, command the % support of the “regulars” of the Tory periy, et bey nd Al do two e in women, should be guarded against are consumption, stomach trouble and welancholia, » Fdo XA f | { that we read of in English so often. | Physically big, rangily built: physi- {cally courageous and intellectually quick; a sensitiveness equaled only by his _humor, MacWhite’s versatility is | traditionally Irish, his urge to the firing !line is tradtionally Irish, his flair for | high politics is traditionally Irish. Soldier of fortune, Sinn Fein agitator, clerk in a London bank, teacher in a | Danish college, man of letters and man of action, writing in half a_dozen tongues, serving in the Foreign Legion, | sitting as delegate in the League “of Natfons—few men have packed so much | into 40 years and found their latest in- | | carnation in diplomacy, like MacWhite. | Moreover, he becomes for me instantly ! clouded about with the smile and the i tear of the Ireland I dreamed of at my | | grandmother’s knee, the Cork from which my father came, the little lovely | { village of Clanakilty, where he was born and where my father lies buried. | Let me confess right at the beginning iall my prejudice in his favor. And let {us be glad that in having him among {us we may know a man who keeps in {his personality and his story some of | the traditional romance of Ireland. | Mas Splendid Leaders. | The “New Ireland” of economics and !expediency has its splendid leaders. | Wise economic policy and wise political | expediency are neither unnecessary nor |evil for Ireland. But it is pleasant to | find that Irish dream and Irish ro- | mance have not entirely died in their | making. Mr. MacWhite's appointment | to Washington is a case in point. lin Cork. Nearly every littla its own descriptive phrase verse: “Rosscarbery, high steeple, Poor town and proud people,” they say. the terrible famine, it is always “Clana- kilty, Gold, help us!" A long street; quaint houses of yel- lowish Brick or ‘stone on either side; a charming old church rising from its green shrubs and frees; an inn where a woman of gracious manner and culti- vated mind oversees the early breakfast for the men back from the fair, sitting with the local doctor, weary-eyed from an all-night case, and the visiting stranger, all at one long table in the sure democracy of Irish individualism, all knowing one another, all laughing at one another’s stories, all with a quick sigh for one another’s openly shared difficulties, or joining to hum a tune when some one is minded to start it— | Clanakilty, typical of Cork—musical, | emotional, difficult and passionate Cork { —loving and hating Cork. Another saving they have is “Pride | of race is the curse of Clanakil About Clanakilty is a cross-sect Irish country life and Irish rurs tory. Litlle hills shaped like break- | fast rolls and, to the Americai eye ac- Icustomed to great spaces, scarcely larger than breakfast rolls; little hills really emerald green; houses now large. now " tiny, stone holises, houses yell | plastered, behind walls of yellow | plaster, behind hedges of fuchsia_ flow- | ering six feet high in purple and red: lovely Georglan places with garden and fountain: ruins of castles burned but sterday, already pulling their vy vines about them—and everywhere the sea. Evervhere the sea, running its blue arms in satch a hurrying brook or bit of | | fon of 1 | i “Clanakilty, God, help us!” they say | village has | But perhaps in memory of | hat is the Liberal horse!” | This recent scene is typical of Mr. | Lloyd George's eloquence and of the | magnetic grip he frequently succeeds in obtaining on a British audience. We today are receiving the same im- pression of Mr. Lloyd George as the | generation of our grandfathers felt in | England for Disracli and the French- | men_of four or five generations ago| for Bonaparte. Did not a great part| of the successes of these leaders rest less foreigners in the countries they | ruled? Distaell was, after all, a Span- | ish Jew; Bonaparte was a Corsican—a Corsican who, teased by the richer and brighter French boys while a student in the Ecole Militaire of Brienne, mut- | tered in his half Italian, half.French | language: h, I want.some day to| take my revenge on you, Frenchmen” In the same way nothing is more un- | English than the gerius of David Liovd | George. I could n help feeling this constantly during the years following the signing of the Versailles treaty, ' Erin Found in Life of lain and Lord Derby. With each one in turn he had sharp disagreements, HIS TACTICAL ABILITY, HIS CRATORICAL SKILL, ENABLED HIM TO OBTAIN A MAGNETIC GRIP ON HIS AUDIE! could not foresee what the future might | but with none so constantly and so Geeply as with Lord Curzon. It was one of those rare cases where a man | upon the fact that they were more or | s irritated by every mannerism and every word of another. A sriking espisode is still fresh in my mwemory. When the question of recognizing the Baltic States came be- fore a meeting of the Sypreme Council, M. Brian, who was presiding, began by asking the opinion of his colleagues. Lord Curzon was the first to speak. With the solemn Victorian, eloquence which he never forgot to use on any occasion, he spoke for a good half hour upon the inconvenience and stupidity of committing ourselves definitely with regard to the rising Baltic States; one too rapid for such gentle slopes—every- ! where the sea; and from these hills the | ships are seen that carry the sons and daughters of Ireland away to America and freedom. Born on & Farm. On one of these farms MacWhite was | born. On a nearby farm Michael Col- | lins, Sin Fein hero, was born. He and MacWhite were boyhood friends. | And MacWhite, a boy, would see the | relatives of those who had sailed for | America gathered upon those hills wav- | ing their handkerchiefs, waving their aprons as the ships went by, in futile farewell to those upon them. Those on the ships could not see them upon the | woman left alone, her apron over her | | Bead, sobbing as ihe twilight came on. | But the boy Micha«l saw. And as he saw there entered into his imagination, as’into that of so many | other Irish boys of his time and the times of his fathers, the dream of an- ! other world—something beyond these | | hills, this sea, boundless and vague as his own imaginings. Some of them answered it and be- | came soldiers of fortune. Some of | them, like MacWhite, answered it and | became more than soidiers of fortune— perhaps you might call them soldiers | of a dream that came true, | ‘Tucked against the corner of one of i the little hills still stands the school- '.houu where MacWhite recelved the = i | hand-rolled MICHAEL MACWHITE. only formal educational instruction of his life, at the hands of an old-time, old-type Irish schoolmaster. Where He Went to School. This master had to walk 15 miles to the school daily. On the way was a cross-roads where he could comfortably sit to wait for a possible jaunting car so that school might begin at 9 or at 11, as fortune favored. When he entered the room he would choose any of the boys handy to re- ceive the necessary dozen or so whacks with his cane, All were mischievous d all were bound to be equally guilty, | really it didn’t matter which got it. From the schoolhouse window the eral houses. No one, either master or boys, ever had any lunch. They, all alike, were too poor for that. But along in the afternoon, from his elevated seat, the master could observe which cnimney showed a slight plume of smoke, indicating the brewing of tea on the hearth within. He then would dismiss the school for the day and re- pair to the cottage whose chimney had shown signs of life. The pupils could depart on their own affairs. For the boy of genuine intellectual ‘nergy it was an ideal system. Mac- Whife was such a bov. Receiving no educationl ~pellets, he must, needs forage for hi he_did. Every book that any one owned in ns: ‘curmn and occasionally by men like | CES. | bring in this part of Europe, etc. | 71 next demanded a hearing and de- clarcd that I could not follow the rea- soning of my British colleague. It was | not possible, I said, among other things, {o be more Russian than the Russian government itself; and since that gov- ernment had recognized Lativa, Es- thonia, ete. Lord Curzon, not in the least shaken, was about to reply to me when Mr. Lloyd George rose with an air of an- | noyed impatience and said in a de- | ed way: “I have listened to two opposite views. I agree with Count Sforza.” " (Continued on Sixth Pagc) Ireland’s Envoy to the U. S. Minister—Has Had Picturesque Career | the neighborhood was borrowed and | thumbed before Michael was in his | teens, His next step was inevitable. When I was in Dublin I had the pleasure of meeting one of Ireland's most famous living characters, “Tim” Healy, once a member of the British | Parlfament, then governor general of Ireland. Take Road to Dublin. Healy himself was a Cork man and famous throughout the British Isles | for his unfailing wit. He used to say of the part of Ireland from which Ma White comes: “In Cork they have 10 children fin the family. When the eldest is 16 | his father gives him a loaf of bread and leads him out into the road and | points the direction and says: “‘That's the road to Dublin!' and | gives him a kick behind.” | MacWhite was the youngest, not the | eldest. of his family. " But he went to | Dublin, just the same, at 16. There he took the examinations for the bank and passed them and got a small position. In Cork he had known Collins, the | Robin Hood of Sinn Fein. In Dublin he | met and became the friend of Griffith, | the brains of Sinn Feln. Griffith. too, | was poor—a compositor—then gradually | building up the press which, as fast as suppressed under one title, | | |1t was | changed its name and emerged under | another. | T do vot know whether Griffith, fluenced” MacWhite, except that Grif- | fith influenced all with whom he came in contact as mortar “influences” bricks into a structure. At any rate, MacWhite was only carrying on then and subsequently dreams he had upon those " hills near Clanakilty. For he was one of those Irish boys who dream- ed not alone for themselves but for Ireland. In Dublin there were more books to be had. His room was bare of fur- niture and low in food, but it was filled with books. The boy had the un- formulated feeling that in the posses- sion of languages lay some hidden wer. He began to study them by imself, from grammars and diction- arfes, without a tutor. He went all the way to Sanskrit and Hindustani that way, picking up the fundamental | tongues of Western Europe as he went. 1 Delegate to League. Years after, when he became a dele- gate to the League of Nations, the strangeness of his accent could be ac- counted for. He could speak many languages fluently, with a rich vocabu- Ilary. But he had learned them, first, from the printed page, and not by ear. By passing some more examinations, and at the age of 18 he got a position in a bank in London. It was a living. It was also an op- | portunity to have a share in the then | already well defined policy which Grif- j shore, nor see the men turn back, the | master could see the chimneys of sev-| fith called the “Hungarian policy of { passtve_resistance.” i And its meat is in the story they tell | in Dublin of the Jewish rabbi who made !a speech against conseription: | “And if they try to put it upon us.” this rabbi cried to his congregation in | Dublin. “we will get out into the Wick- !low hills and fight till we die.” |"In Dublin MacWhite was one of a {group who wrote and syndicated articles for the cause of Irish independence: they wrote them in all the Continental languages and printed them every- where tHey could get them into type. Dreamer though the boy had been; <If. Forage he had been far from dreamy. He had | ged observed. He had guessed the value of farm ¢o-operatives to agricultural * Galilee, cut of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, unto the city of David, | which Is caled Bethlehem, because he ass of the house and lineage of David.’ Thus St. Luke described the manner of taking the census in the relgn of Cacsar Augustus when he gave the set- ting for one of the most important | events that has taken place in this world. In the present day a call also has gone out for the enrollment of the na- tion, but it is no longer possible for the population to come to the census taker. That official must go out among the people. For that purpose the greatest army of census takers ever mobilized will swarm over the land probably next November. | Will Cost $46,000,000. i The immensity of the task becomes apparent when it is considered that in less than one month it will be neces- sary to tabulate about 12,000,000 in- habitants of this country and to ob- { tain extensive information about 6.500, 000 farms, 14,000 mines and quarries {and more than 100,000 irrigation and | drainage projects. The cost of duing‘ this will be in the neighborhood of | $40,000.000. ! In sharp contrast to the task that | lies ahead of the Federal Bureau of the | Census was the first enrollment of population, taken under constitutional | mandate in 1790. The law provided that it should be completed in nine months. Twice this time elapsed, how- | ever, before all the returns were made. | The first census was taken under the supervision of the United States mar- | shals, 17 in number. The assistants of | each—totaling in all 650—performed | the actual task of counting the popu- | lation, which did not quite reach 4.000.- 000. The returns were made direct by | the marshals to the President, who | turned them over to the Secretary of | State. No_clerical force was employed for | compilation, verification or correction. The results were printed without ex- planatory text, and modern statistics, Such as percentages of native and for- i(-lgn born and involved analyses, were unknown. ~ The whole story is_con- | tained in a volume of 36 pages, | discolored and crumbling now in the | | archives of the Congressional Library. Covered Large Territory. i But, at that, this first census was no | easy task. The population of 4,000,000 occupled & territory of 868,000 square | | miles, or 4.5 persons to each square | mile. Cities were few and small in | size, there being at the time only six communities with as many as 8000 | | inhabitants. The population of those | cities represented only 3 per cent of | the total population of the country. In taking the census of 1790 the | Government adhered closely to the con- | stitutional requirement that “an actual | enumeration should be made,” and that was all that was made. Only the name of the head of each family was recorded, With the number of persons in each family. These latter were classified a free or slave, “white or other,” sex, and | those over 16 years were separated from those under that age. The Census Bureau estimates that | the population in this country increases | 1.400,000 persons annually, or an in- crease of one person every 23 seconds. That estimate is based on an excess of births over deaths, which adds 1,150,000, | and an excess of immigration over emi- | gration, which means an additional 240,000 persons each year. On the basis of such an estimate, the | | bureau placed the population on July 1, {1927, at 120,710,620. By July 1 mext, if these estimates are correct. the popu- | lation should be in the neighborhood {of 123500,000 persons, or more than {30 times as great as in 1790 and almost | twice as large as in 1890. Force of 100,000, How will the Federal Government count this huge number of inhabitants? | | In the first place, approximately 100,000 | enumerators—the official door-to-door | canvasser of the census—will be ap- | pointed. _To_them will go the task of | | Ireland. He got himself a position as | teacher of English language and letters !in a Danish school that he might study | the Danish system first hand. That was for Ireland. For himself, was the opportunity to et the Scandinavian languages. Then | | ¥here was German. He knew a little | German, but not enough. Rucksack on { back, he spent his vacation tramping through Germany, making a vow to speak not one word of English. | Forms Farm Co.Operatives. Then back to Clanakilty again. to | organize farm co-operatives. Not a cent | { for himself did he take. | One of the most successful co-opera- | ives in Ireland remains about Clanakilty, | I'a going concern today. | Off to the continent again, wandering, tramping, studying languages, writing. | | Always writing something for Ireland in |a forelgn paper or contributing to | | Griffith's protean formed press in Dub- | {lin, always in touch with the Sinn | | Fein. [ | " Now enter the other MacWhite. And, | to understand him, take a look at the | new Minister of the Irish Free State as he stands there today in a drawing- | room in Washington, re-incarnated as| the diplomat. | Observe his big frame: his powerful | shoulders: his quick eye: his swift | gesture; his vitality. Observe, too, that | though he weighs nearly 200 there is | not a bit of fat there. l And so observing, try to persuade him | to tell of his adventures. A veil of sensitiveness slides down. He is full | of good stories, told in a rich Cork | accent—about other people. He is full | i of reminiscence—about other people. He makes you laugh and he gives you | the thought of a tear—about other | people. He is annoyingly difficult—and | Trish. i From other people you find some { things out Being Irish—and this kind of Irish— { | Over each district a supervisor will placed in charge with a salary that will range from $1 00. Since the population according to counties and such _smaller subdivisions as _cities, townships, militia_ districts, magisterial districts and election districts, it will be necessary to define clearly these civil divisions. A map must be prepared for each, and that means approximately 65.000 maps. While the cnumerators will complete their work in about two weeks, except in the rural scctions, where they also must take the agricultural census, the 565 supervisors will be actively em- ployed for two months and perhaps employed part_time for an equal period in preparing for and completing the | tabulation of returns and the making of reports to Washington, Includes Agricultural Census, The census of population will consist of recording the name of every person 1 _the country, his age, occupation, sex, color, parentage and similar in- formation. In the rural sections the census of sagriculture will be taken simultaneously with the enumeration of population. This census was first taken in 1840, and now is made every five years. It is estimated that there are approxim- ately 6,500,000 farms in this country. In all, 300 inquiries will be asked of each ~farm owner, pertaining to acreage, values, tenure of operator, crops and livestock, use of machinery and mechanical equipment and such general questions as whether electricity is used and whether there is a radio or telephone in the house. The 1920 census revealed 246,000 tractors in operation on American farms. By 1925 this number had in- creased to 586,000, an increase of 138 per cent in five years. Radio sets on farms in the 1925 census totaled 284,000, and it is expected that at least | three t.mes this number will be reported in the coming census. Tabulation of Manufacture. A third census also will be taken. Tt is a census of manufacturing, covering production in 1929. This census was first taken in 1810, end from 1840 to 1900 it was taken decenially and from 1900 to 1920 at five-year intervals. Since then it has been a biennial survey. In the taking of this census 340 menufacturing industries are recog- nized, and_concerning their operation is gathered statistics of employment, wages paid and value and amounts of their products. This data will be analyzed and compiled into a form useful in all sorts of varied ways. For instance, physicians may be able to read from it a warning about the nation’s health. The census will reveal | the increase, if any, in the manufacture of narcotics. The amount of sugar manufactured may indicate whether too much sugar is being consumed. When all this information is gathered it is not stored away in government buildings. The task of gathering the information is merely the beginning. The work of analyzing it. assimilating it and publishing it in available form will take three full years. Machines Sort Cards. For a part of this three-year period the bureau will have a pay roll of 6,500 workers. Its normal personnel is 750 employees. But more important, from the standpoint of expeditious tabula- tion of these statistics, will be the me- chanical application used. Mechanical equipment had & part in census taking for the first time in the closing months of the enumeration of 1870. A simple tallying_machine was used with good results. The same ma- chine was used throughout the 1880 ! census. and in 1890 the bureau found that the machinery was indispensable to its work The card system of tabulation was used first then and is stil employed, although many improvements and am- plifications have been made. Under this system the details as to a per- son's color, age, scx, and o on, are transferred from the schedule to the cards by means of a mechanical punch. The position of these holes on the card indicate the fact to be recorded. Automatic machines sort the cards into classes or groups of similarity. They are then run through another machine, which counts them at the rate of 400 a minute. The final step is to pass the cards through an electric tabulating machine, also capable of handling 400 a minute This machine not only counts the cards but also records 60 items of information about the indi- vidual and prints the result on large sheets. Has Tts Human Side. ‘The Census Bureau has become the largest statistical organization in the world. The data collected by it are confidential and can only be used for statistical purposes, but from the re- turns of the coming census, or rather censuses, there will come a fund of information telling a story of the nu- merical, industrial, financial, agricul- tural, social and ethnic growth and de- velopment of this country during the most intensive and progressive period in its history. But the human side of this business | of taking a census must not be over- looked. It will not all be a dry. me- chanical, statistical affair. Hopes for civic superiority will be crashed as well as raised by the results found. Scattered throughout the country there are hundreds of cities and towns, some large and some small, engaged in keen rivalry. There are instances of long and . furious disputes during the last eight vears as to whether such and such a town has not a greater popula- tion than this or that piace. May Affect Poiitics. But within a few months after the 1930 census is taken the facts will be- come known as to the relative sizes of all the aspiring citis in the United It was a curious sort of passivity. ! when war broke out could he be far be- | States, Heads will be lifted in pride !hind? This was no slim. frail starvel- { or bowed, or (and this 5 more likely | ing, writer and linguist though he was. ! than the bowing of heads) the results 3 produced by the census takers will be Joined Foreign Leglon. challenged and strenuously assailed as He found himself in Paris: he jolned | inaccurate. up at once with the Foreign Legion.| Since the Senate has joined in one | He was sent with a detail of Foreign | measure, the legislatio., 2% ‘his census Legion roughnecks to the United and the proposal for a reapportior- States to boom a Liberty Loan. As!ment of the House of Representatives, they marched up Fifth avenue, some | it is certain that, by reason of the | one in the crowd, observing MacWhite’s i shifting of population, some states will face, cried: e gain in representation and others will You ain't no Froggy! C | lose o nthe basis of the figures of the | “No comprendre!” MacWhite clipped ' coming enumeration. { out. And that may make & difference in He was called back to France and | the type of legislation that will come sent to the Eastern front. He Knew|oyt from under the Capitol dome, and Gallipoli. He lay with the Leglon, Un- it mav also influence selection in relieved for 82 days, in the water-10g- | 1933 of the occupant of the White trenches of 'Macedonia. TWICe | House for the subsequent four year: decorated, promoted from the ranks|and then again it may make no (Continued on Fourth Page.) ference at all.