Evening Star Newspaper, November 22, 1928, Page 8

Y 8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY..November 22, 1028 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Buildint. European Office; 14 Regent St., London, Eaglan Carrier Within the City. star.............45¢ per menth The Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays) ...60c per month The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sund ..65¢ per month The Sunday Star Sc per copy Collection made at each month, Orders may be sent in by or telephone | Main 5000. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Mary'and and Virginia. Daily and Sunday....1 S Daily only Sunday only All Other States and Canada. Daily end Sunday..l y’v’,umo. 1 mo., $1.90 Daily only ... \ $8.00; 1 mo., 75¢ Binday only " yr., 3$5.00; 1 mo, &0c Rate by The Evening d of mail Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for repunlization of all i ews dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. —_— = Dealing With Farm Legislation. Senator William E. Borah, address- ing the convention of the National Grange, urgently recommended a £pe- clal session of Congress after March 4 to deal with the farm problem. He made the point that the coming short session of the present Congress does not offer full opportunity to deal with farm legislation properly. In this point of view the Idaho Senator may well be correct. The farm problem has been recognized as the major problem de- manding attention in the United States today. Both the Republican and the Pemocratic national platforms in the vecent campaign- promised that the legislative needs of the farmers should have prompt attention. Mr. Hoover, the President-elect, pledged an early attempt to solve the difficulties of agriculture. He went so far as to prom- ise the call of Congress in special ses- sion to pass farm legislation in the event the Congress did not complete such legislation during the regular short session which is to open De- cember 3. 3 If a special session of the Congress s called by Mr. Hoover it will bring to Washington the newly elected mem- bers of that body—members who, like Mr. Hoover, are pledged to remedial legislation for the farmers. In a meas- ure the new Congress should be more responsive to the situation than the old. The Republican party, in the nomination of Mr. Hoover for Presi- dent, and the country, in the election of Mr. Hoover to the presidency, turned its back on the old McNary-Haugen farm aid bill, with its equalization fee principle and cumbersome machinery. It is well understood that the legisla- tion which will be put through—if the campaign pledges are fulfilled—will be in accordance with the ideas set forth by the President-elect in his St. Louis address and in his speech accepting the nomination. The old Congress showed itself fa- worable to the discarded principle of the McNary-Haugen farm bill, which it put through and sent to President Coolidge, knowing well that he would veto it. If farm legislation is undertaken in the coming short session of the old executives that he submitted the scheme at Mr. Hoover’s request. If it emanated from a less practical source it would almost sound visionary. It is in any event fabulous in conception and an augury of the constructive note likely to distinguish the engineering adminis- tration which will take office on March 4 next. The President-elect's vast proj- ect aims to stabilize prosperity by or- ganizing it. More than once during the late campaign, Mr. Hoover depicted the annihilation of poverty—a job for every man and woman, as he put it—as the great objective of the American economic system. He does not propose contenting himself with the mere pro- mulgaticn of such a program. Mr. Hoo- ver projects the holding in reserve for emergencles of a sum total of about three billion dollars in public and quasi-public construction contracts and awarding them in periods of unemployment. This reserve would be made to equal two years' normal expenditure on im- provements. Municipal, State and na- tional governmental departments would co-operate in the creation and priodical execution of reserve activities. The United States expends seven bil- lion dollars a year on construction. It is evidently Mr. Hoover’s belief that this can be spread over periods that will not produce jobs for all of the workers some of the time, but for all of the workers practically all of the time. Mr. Hoover is quoted as believing thot his | ingenious scheme will avert panics 25 well as cure unemployment. While Gov. Brewster was announcing the Hoo- ver plan at New Orleans, the American Federation of Labor happened to be in session in the same city. It will be in- teresting to cbserve the reaction in that quarter to the “construction reserve” system for banishing unemployment. vt The Tuberuclosis Sanitarium. ‘The Board of Education’s indorse- ment of the plan to provide twenty- four-hour care for tuberculous chil- dren is valuable in that it emphasizes once again the unanimity of opinion behind this project. Washington is one of the few large cities of the country lacking any institution de- signed to give adequate care to chil- dren suffering from incipient tubercu- losis. The Tuberculosis Hospital cares only for adults. The Children's Hos- pital is equipped only for bed cases, and the two health schools, coming under the jurisdiction of the Board of Education, care for the children be- cause of the educational problem in- volved, with the health problem a secondary consideration. In addition, these schools, as valuable as they may be, have the children for only a few of the twenty-four hours of every day. The rest of the time the children must spend on crowded street cars or busses, going‘to and from homes that cannot offer them the careful treatment they should receive. The tuberculous child in the District must look out for him- self, unless the disease is so far ad- vanced that the Children's Hospital may offer temporary refuge. But the great problem lies in the treatment of children in the early stages of the disease—not the advanced stage. ‘There has been a difference of opin- ion between the Board of Education and the Society for the Prevention of ‘Tuberculosis over the future use of the two health schools. ' The latter organ- ization has hoped to make these schools the nucleus for a sanitarium, providing Congress, it may well happen that ad- vocates of thé equalization fee will make another attempt to fasten that legislative remedy upon the farmers. It appears quite certain that if farm legislation is taken up seriously in the short session it will lead to much de- bate. Debate, if prolonged in a short session of Congress, not only places in jeopardy the legislation proposed, but also makes it difficult to put through the annual supply bills that are neces- sary for the continued smooth running of the Government. Mr. Hoover, Senator Borah and other prominent Republicans who dis- cussed the farm problem during the campaign laid much stress upon the need of revising the tariff in order to give the American farmer more ade- quate protection. Revising the tariff is not a job to be lightly undertaken. It means weeks of work and hearings by the House and Senate committees. It means usually long debate in both houses of Congress. Furthermore, if an attempt is made to revise the tariff to benefit the farmer, there is every reason to believe that some of the in- dustries of the country will seek to have tariff schedules affecting them revised. Already the members of Con- gress from New England are demand- ing such action. Despite the fact that the farmers have been the beneficiaries of much salutary legislation in recent years, in- creasing their means of credit, they have expected a basic act which it is hoped will set up machinery which will aid agriculture as the industries of the country, the banks and the rail- roads have been aided by Federal legis- lation. It is only right that they should have such a basic law, if one can be worked out constructively. With the passing of the political campaign there is greater chance that the farm prob- lem may be dealt with on its merits, rather than from the point of gain to any caadidates for office. If this farm problem cannot be con- sidered and acted upon adequately in the short session of Congress soon to convene, by all means a speclal ses- sion should be called. The farmers have walted long enough. The old bogey that a session of Congress un- settles business has not been borne out by the facts. If Congress can help to put agriculture on a stable basis it will do much for business generally. —_——— ‘Gasoline prices have dropped a lit- tle; not enough to cause any diminu- tion in the value of oil stocks. e The Three-Billion-Dollar Plan. Nothing quite so millennial in charac- ter has been proposed by an American twenty-four-hour care. The Board of Education has been unable to concede that this is the solution of the prob- lem, principally because the health schools were created as schools, and not as sanitaria. Changing their function, without special authorization from Congress, would be illegal. The board maintains, and its stand is logical, that there are two problems involved, one which is solved by the health schools, another which should be solved by the creation of a sanitarium. On the need for a twenty-four-hour sanitarium there is no difference of opinion. The health agencies favor it, the Board of Education has added its indorsement, and the Bureau of Ef- ficlency, in its report on the health situation in the District, strongly rec- ommended it. At the last session of Congress Representative Gibson and Senator Capper sponsored a measure calling for appropriation of $500,000 for the erection of the sanitarium. The bill was referred to the District Com- missioners and by them to the Board of Public Welfare. The Commissioners have not made their report on it. It is to be hoped that at the coming ses- sion of Congress the bill will receive the attention that it deserves, and that it will be pushed energetically by all of the agencies now united behind it. ———e——— It is very freely admitted that the President-elect is right in assuming that “good will” is as highly important in a great republic as in any other business organization. RS-, Discreditable Souvenirs. Remarkable pictures of deck scenes and of the waters in the vicinity of the fll-fated Vestris were obtained, were distributed through a photographic service and were published exclusively in Washington by The Star. They caused much favorable comment, as indeed they might, because they were thrilling snapshots of incidents in a great maritime tragedy. These photographs also caused un- favorable comment, especially among those who go down to the sea in ships, clad either in the uniform of those who serve Uncle S8am or in the garb of the mercantile marine, because they were taken by a member of the crew. Com- ments among the former group have been particularly caustic. They are, in effect, as follows: When a vessel is in extremis, as was the Vestris, there comes the command “All hands save ship!” In such a crisis every officer, every sailor, every steward, every boy has allotted to him a position which he shall instantly and with con- stancy cecupy, and duties which he must unfalteringly perform. He is statesman in many a day as Herbert Hoover's reported plan for abolition of unemployment. As conveyed to the con- ference of governors now in session at New Orleans by Gov. Brewster of Maine, the plan calls for the creation of a three-billion-dollar “construction re- serve” to be tapped whenever the labor ‘market is glutted either because of over- production or other causes. Gov, Brewster told his w. State assigned to a certain lifeboat and to a particular place, first alongside and then in that lifeboat. If his lifeboat be smashed up in process of launching, as were some of the small craft of the Vestris, then he shall seek out some superior officer for assignment to an- other duty. If he can find no superior THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 29 1928. ' ence and out of his own conscience, find something useful to do. At such times, point out United States naval officers, there is always something better to do than to be taking pictures, no matter how interesting the scenes, no matter how certain the pecuniary profits, provided a member of the ship’s company can get his camera or his films safe and undamaged to land. To be bothering about a camera and its contents, thoy declare, is distinctly not in line with their conception of a seaman’s proper conduct. There would seem to be large measure of justice in the contention of these men, so many of whom hold medals for doing a little more than their plain duty on similar occasions. The Star has no apologies to make for printing these photographs. They were excellent and they were timely. It would have failed in its duty to its readers had it neglected the opportunity of securing them, al- ready printed and ready for distribution. It would seem evident, however, that the husky sailor, who, amidst the peril of the last moments before the liner sank, took them, ought not to have been so occupied. There are a number of things on a ship that are qualified or identified by the word “main"—the main hatch, the main brace and others which any seafaring friend will supply— on which a seaman’s attention may with propriety be riveted in emergeney. The “main chance” is not one of them. — e, Buy Auto Tags Early. “Shop early for Christmas!” will soon be the order of the day, but shop early for 1929 automobile tags annually takes precedence. Application blanks will be distributed within the next two weeks to police stations, motor clubs and other organizations and issuance will begin at the District Building on December 1. It is to the motorist's own interest to buy his plates early, because by doing so he avoids annoying delays and assists th orderly distribu- tion. Since the contract for the licenses was transferred from private companies to the reformatory at Lorton, Va., the District has done its share to assure prompt issuance, It will be up to the motorists after December 1 to do their share by buying before the last-minute rush. ——————————— Maryland voters declined to increase the pay of members of the Legislature to bring it into some reasonable pro- portion to the demands of new living conditions. The patriot who places duty above the requirements of personal needs is still an important factor in public business. —raoes. Coughs and colds are epidemic. “Health hints,” so voluminous, must be regarded as more literary than scien- tific. ————————— Colleges, obstructed in teaching the theory of evolution, are likely to attract many students who desire to ascertain what all the shouting is about. B Smaller paper money will cause no objection if it can be accompanied by an enlargement of the market basket. —— ey It is evident that Senator Borah will not be satisfied until he has found some way to humiliate Harry Sinclair by forcing money on him. i g ey A smart flapper costume costs next to nothing at all. Feminine hats are wonderfully cheap. In spite of protests against extravagance, an era of econ- omy asserts itself. ————— Thanks to a President-elect, a bat- tleship becomes a symbol of peace in- stead of war. ——————— If Presiding Officer Dawes expects to put in force all his reforms for the|P¢ United States Senate, he will have to work fast. Agrarian laws have been matters of historic perplexity. Since ancient times there has been an effort to cheer the farmer because of his enjoyment of fresh air and sunshine. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSOYN, Officer! Anxieties afflict our lives And troubles never cease, ‘Whenever some new care arrives, We call for the Police. * ‘The Bootleg Argosies will ride To gather Golden Fleece, While we, in patience, stand aside And call for the Police. The Classic Drama grows confused And tales of crime increase; And even when we'd be amused, We call for the Police. Remembrances. “We enjoyed hearing you speak,” re- marked the loyal constituent. “Could you remember anything I said?” inquired Senator Sorghum. “Oh, yes! Several of your humorous anecdotes we have remembered through long years past.” Jud Tunkins says a man who has nothing to do makes the loud noise that interrupts the quiet worker. Supervision. By Criticism we're apprised Of things we really ought to know; And yet, if all men criticized, ‘Who would be left to give the show? ‘Would Be a Curlosity. “Would you like to see an unenthu- slastic inauguration?” “There never was such a thing with- in my memory. I'd almost like to see one for the sake of the novelty.” “To seek revenge,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is only to prolong the memory of harsh experience.” Gloom. The Farmer had a mournful time. His flivver speed was called a crime. He sold ten dollars’ worth of truck. The fine still leaves him out of luck. Entanglements. “Are you afraid of foreign entangle- ments?"” “I am,” sald Miss Cayenne. “Some of these boys from abroad with whom 1 have danced have stepped on my feet most inexcusably!” “Dar would be a heap o’ savin’ to de officer, then he shall be governed by th> tradition of the sea and its service and shall, of his own knowledge and experi- community,” said Uncle Eben, “it d2 game laws could limit,de scason foh shootin' crage” . f How hot a hot November day seems! Eighty degrees in the shade in a | ter than 80 degrees in the Summer. Misplacement is what does it. Dirt, of place. Lint, when in the cloth, is perfectly clean, but let it come out of the vac- uum cleaner bag, it takes on aspects | displeasing. So those two warm days recently | affected thousands of persons. Even | those who profess to like hot weather | best rebelled against so little as 80 de- | grees in November. Such a temperature is really ideal i this latitude—except in November. One never thought this standard Fail month would fall down on one so! Weather preference is like the liking for the white meat of turkey. Some say they like dark meat the best, but most will eat white meat if they get the chance. So with weather. Many claim to detest Summer, but every one enjoys it, heat and all, but not in November. % € ‘Thousands of homes stood on an even h the outdoors during those 80 degrees inside and 30 degrees outside. Our good old friend, the home fur-| nace, becomes a real problem on a hot November day. If one allows it to go out, the weather will suddenly turn cold in the night. If the householder solemnly keeps the fire alive, the house becomes—and stays —much too hot for comfor Even cold-blooded persons, who de- clare and maintain (hat they like a room temperature of 76 degrees were willing to admit that the house was too hot last week. These are homely considerations—not war, not politics, not even theatrical— yet nothing that is common to man can be foreign to us. The problem of heat and cold! Cave men had to solve it, every generation since has had to look into the matter. We of today are no exception. In this latitude there is no house, whether small or large, whether great building or small cottage, which does not face the heating problem in cold weather. Seventy degrees has been agreed upon as the theoretically correct indoor tem- perature for Winter, but the discrimi- nating know that a few degrees more often make a house more comfortable —for them. The individual must remain the test. What matter if the theorists have held up 70 degrees as “perfect,” if a home seems cold to you at that temperature? In such a case, the wise man will open the draft and say no more about it. What money is better spent—in ‘Winter—than fuel money? * K K K The trouble with hot weather when cold is the natural order of the day is that one is not prepared for it. It one dared let the furnace go out— if one dared leave that overcoat at home—if one dared throw discretion to they say, is only matter out | THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Al, i one were not the victim of so many inhibitions! Ah, how well for us that we are so normally cool month is a great deal hot- | terribly thwarted by plain. common | sense! Some one should speak up in favor of inhibitions, so here goss: There has been entirely too much talk during the past decade of the danger of inhibitions. Good inhibitions are good. If one may judge from many men, women and children at largs in the world, a few inhibitions would be | splendidly in place in the lives, char- acters and_dispositions. Little Johnny, who lies down on the ground and Kicks and screams when he does not get exactly what he wants when he wants it— Wouldn't little Johnny be better off, {in the long run, if he suffered from | some sort of inhibition? Dear mamma, who simply can't re- sist speaking her mind to her friends, no matter how much it hurts them—— Who is there who thinks that dear mamma would not benefit from a few well placed inhibitions? As for the old man, when he goes careening down the road at 70 miles per hour, burning out his connecting rod bearings—— Wouldn't an inhibition or two come in handy for and in him? * Kok o Ordinary common sense is, after all, the great inhibitor of much of the folly of mankind. If respirational diseases were not so prevalent, and if common sense did not warn most people, no doubt the com- mon cold, which seems determined to make a clean swezp of humanity, would succeed in its nefarious plot. Most people realize full well that over- heated houses are as prolific a source of colds as underheated ones. Whereas the cold house chills the body and thus induces congestion at once, the too-hot house causes insensible perspira- tion, as it is called, which in turn results in a chilled skin a few moments after one steps out of the house on a cold day. ‘When the temperature stood at 80 degrees indoors, therefore, and one stepped out into an exterlor tempera- ture of 80 degrees, there was not so much danger of “catching a cold.” So much for the theory. Actually, there was just about as much danger | as_ever, since the great outdoors con- tains more moisture. Practical experience finds it difficult to keep the indoors air property humid- ified. No matter how many pans of water are kept sitting around, indoors air insists on remaining rather dry. Try to grow a few plants indoors and you will see. The drop in the outdoors temperature was universally welcomed as ‘“‘more seasonable.” We have got used to cer- tain months being warm, certain months being cold. Months which disappoint us must bear the brunt of our disapproval. “Whoever heard of such weather in November? Why, the Weather Bureau says that it has been half a century since we had a temperature of 30 de- grees in November!” Naughty, disconcerting November! From now nn please be cool—but nof too cool! Smile at us once in a while the winds and lie down on yon cool, inviting sward— Judging from the pessimistic criti- cisms of certain of the ‘“opposition ress,” the Government of the United tates is “going up and down the earth seeking whom it may devour.” Or, rather, in place of the Govern- ment, the money power is plotting to put a mortgage on the life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of foreign lands— such as Nicaragua—so that after lend- ing the people money it may achieve the rank of “Shylock"—even as our debtors across the water are prone to attribute to Uncle Sam, because he loaned money where needed and ex- pects ultimate payment thereof. In the recent campaign Gov. Smith attempted to make an issue out of our friendly co-operation with Nica- ragua at the request of her govern- ment and with the assent of the “rebels” in introducing the novelty of a aceful_election. He declared that if elected President of the United States he would withdraw all Marines from that country, where a rebel force was striving to seize the government and jeopardize American investments. These imperiled holdings included the three-million dollar investment in the exclusive right to construct an interoceanic canal when and where we see fit to do so, across Nicaraguan ter- ritory. The Coolidge policy is not abandonment of American investments in foreign lands, but their protection, and that policy does not include inter- ference with national independence, political or economic, so long as the debtor recognizes ordinary commercial honesty - in paying interest and ulti- mately redeeming the investment. * ok K K For a year Mr. W. W. Cumberland, acting on behalf of our Department of State, has been in Nicaragua making a research of its economic and financial condition, as & basis for future policy, after peace and order will have been restored. The contemplated project to finance Nicaragua is not to be under- taken by our Government itself, but, if at all, will be handled as a banking problem, to be solved bg marketing bonds in America with which to take up Nicaragua’s outstanding indebted- ness and provide for the support of her constabulary and for development of roads, railroads and natural resources. Yet such a financial enterprise cannot be presented to the bond-purchasing public without the tacit approval of our Government, although the Government does not give any guaranty of the bonds. Hence it is recognized as a duty for the administration to become in- formed as to actual conditions in thée country to be flnanced. * ok kK Mr. Cumberland’s veport of his find- ings has just been made public by the Department of State, and rather unex- pectedly it includes not only a review of economic conditions as he found them, but also a definite plan which he recommends, but which the State’ De- partment takes pains to disavow as of- ficial, leaving the “plan” only as that of Mr. Cumberlan ‘Under this “plan” it is proposed that Nicaragua be authorized to sell bonds to & total of $30,000,000, with the pro- ceeds of which existing bonded and other indebtedness will be taken up, and funds provided for internal improve- ments and the support of the constabu-~ lary. With the issuance of these bonds, to be marketed in the United States, the American Government would be authorized to appoint a collector general and an auditor general with power over all collection and disbursement of revenues. There will be a high commis- slon, which shall have control over the making of the national budget and the administration of the finances of the republic. This high commission will b composed of the two United States officials, the collector ganeral and audit- or general, together with the Nicaraguan minister of finance, hence the United States control of Nicaraguan finance would be absolute. It is that phase of the “plan” which excites the patriots. of the American press who point the finger of scorn at our alleged “imperialism” and the Joss of sovereignty and independence for the “enslaved” Nicaraguans. The *“money power” is accused of seeking to get an undue grip over an independent nation, with the hoped-for conseni and con= nivance of the Coolidge administration. Shall and speak pleasantly. We ask no more. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The expert points to the turbulent con- ditions of Nicaragua, to the imperfectly developed resources, to the war debts which that government must pay for its recent internal condition and to the very great possibilities of development of public works and industries, which cannot be handled without financial aid, but aid which cannot be given under the circumstances without securities, * ok kX Nicaragua first called upon the United States for aid in 1911, asking for mili- tary experts to be sent to train a con- stabulary, or police force. ~The De- partment of State (under President Taft) acceded to the request so far as to recommend a competent man, but that official found the peace of the land 50 disturbed that he abandoned the un- dertaking. The request was renewed in 1923 and American instructors were again recommended. In 1925, a guard of Marines, numbering 100, was sta- alfined to protect our legation from ban- ry. When President Diaz assumed office, the revolution had so disturbed the land that he requested military aid and the good offices of the United States in insuring a peaceful election in 1928. This Government then sent 970 Marines and the Nicaraguan government ap- propriated a fund of $900,000, out of which to maintain the American force. ‘The Diaz administration came into power with an almost empty treasury, and Diaz asked authority to obtain loans in the United States, not only to support the defensive military action against the revolutionists, but to build a railroad crossing the country to the Atlantic coast. This was refused by our Department of State, but Diaz suc- ceeded in obtaining $300,000 from the National Bank of Nicaragua, owned by the ~Nicaraguan government, which fund was consumed in military defense against the revolutionists. On December 8, 1925, the Department of State informed President Diaz that the fact that we had recognized him | did not imply that the United States assumed any obligation to protect his government by physical means (armed forces or loans) and declared that cer- tain forced payments to the revolu- tionists extracted from American lum- ber companies must be stopped. For that purpose the American forces were increased—not for protection to the Nicaraguan government. * Kk ok ok President Coolidge in a message to Congress in January, 1927, said of the financing of Diaz through the Nica- raguan National Bank by New York financiers: “Under this financial plan the finances of Nicaragua have been re- habilitated in a very satisfactory man- ner. Of the $3744,000 of internal customs bonds issued in 1917 about $900,000 have been paid. Of the exter- nal debt bonds issued in 1909, amount- ing to £1,250,000, there now remain only about £770,000. The total public debt of Nicaragua has been reduced from $22,000,000 in 1917 to $6,625,203 in 1926. Furthermore, the country in time of peace has ample revenues for its ordi- nary budget expenses and a surplus which has been used in_extensive pub- lic improvements. The Nicaraguan Na- tional Bank and the National Railroad, controlling interests in which were formerly owned by American bankers, were repurchased by the Nicaraguan government in 1920 and 1924 and are now wholly owned by that govern- ment. * * * American and foreign bondholders will undoubtedly look to the United States for the protection of their interests.” * K Kok It is pointed out by high officials of the United States that the American policy has been clearly expressed from the days of Chief Justice Marshall (o these of the Coolidge administration and that it absolutely disavows any de- sire to extend sway over additional ter- ritory in the Western Hemisphere. This Nation has cordially indorsed the prin- ciples set forth by jurists of Latin America at the first session of the American Instiute of International Law. One of these pronouncements says: “Every nation has the right to inde- pendence in the sense that it has the right to the pursuit of happiness and is free to develop itself without inter- strangle-hold upon 18 resumad by the critiss that Inens hiav never before been made to nations, with tangible securities taken as collateral. other States.” (Copyright, 193 )y Paul V. Collias.) t features. Outlay in Army Cadets’ Foot Ball Discussed; To the Editor of The Star: I also was amused under your cap- | tion, “Says Taxpayers Pay,” in The Star of November 14, to read what Huldah ‘W. Randell had to say to the question as | to who paid the cadets' way when they | attend foot ball gdmes away fyom the | academy. It might be interesting to this person to know that the Army Athletic Association at West Point is today one of the richest of athletic associations in the country and from | its earnings pays the transportation to and from these games, free from any aid from the taxpayer. Also that the trip to Washington once every four years for the Inaugural has been stop- ped, indirectly, because the taxpayer helps to pay for this one. Except for these games a cadet never leaves, what a college calls the campus for the first 18 months he is there. After that he is allowed three short Christmas leaves and but one Summer furlough of little over nine weeks. I am not afraid to say that with exception to furloughs and leaves the same conditions exist at Annapolis. W. B. GIBSON. ——— Pennsylvania Season | Opens December 1 To_the Editor of The Star: I wish to call your attention to an error which occurs in an editorial pub- lished in the November 19 issue of The Star, entitled “Inexcusable Uncer- tainty.” This editorial refers to the deer-hunting season as having opened in Pennsylvania. | As a matter of fact, our deer hunting | season does not open until December 1 | and extends to December 15. This has been the custom for a number of years. This year, however, a radical change has been made in our deer-hunting regulations by the Pennsylvania Game Commission in that doe only may be killed. This change has been made because male deer only have been killed for a number of years, except in a few speclal cases; consequently deer have multiplied rapidly and are becoming a nuisance to farmers in many parts of our State. Small-game season has been open for several weeks. This includes rabbits, squirrels, grouse, wild turkeys, etc. GEORGE G. WEBER. Portraits Comn;ndt;t-l For Their Accuracy To the Editor of The Star: ‘The readers of The sunfiay Star are under obligation to.Mr. John Clagett Proctor for jllustrating his interesting reference to Gov. Henry D. Cooke and Gov. Alexander R. Shepherd in Sunday’s Star with such accurate por- traits of them as they appeared at the time they performed the public service for which they are so favorably distin- guished. The portrait of Gov. Shepherd is of especial interest and value as a contrast with the unfortunate statue of him in front of the District Build- ing, which represents him as he ap- peared when advanced age and illness had materially impaired his form and WILLIAM TINDALL. B Ticket Sales Finance Cadets’ Trips to Games To the Editor of The Star: I note in the “Answers and Questions” in your editorial page of November 13 the statement that when the Corps of Cadets leaves the Academy to attend a foot ball game, the expenses are paid by the United States Military Academy. This is incorrect, as they are paid by the Army Athletic Association with funds derived from the sale of tickets to the foot ball games. In this con- nection it may be of interest to note that the athletic association paid out approximately $25,000 to take the corps of cadets to Boston for the game this year with Harvard. PHILIP B. FLEMING, Major C. E., Graduate Manager of Athletics. Lauds Miss Boardman For Red Cross Work To the Editor of The Star: While my position in the world is the humblest ever, and my opinion of small value, yet I think it would be the expression of thousands of others that we are greatly indebted to Miss Board- man and her associates for their effi- clency and devotion to the work of the Red Cross. Too much praise and appreciation cannot be given for the work done, the help extended to suffering humanity and the results obtained. At this season of Thanksgiving it is a good time for us to express gratitude for the grand work and the noble workers. Herewith is that of MARC;‘ADDE POWERS FARRING- + TON. Deplores Left-Turn Method Used Here To the Editor of The Star: T most heartily indorse the splendid editorial recently printed, in your paper condemning the present method of making left-hand turns for autos. I think you have voiced the consensus of all. The present dual method, which causes a jockeying for a position, cer- tainly is° most exasperating to the motorist and most dangerous to all. | I have occasion to visit Pittsburgh frequently, where they have real traffic, and it is most expeditiously handled by the universal inside left-hand turn. ‘Why not adopt. the same in Washington? W. Z. WILLHIDE. v Battle Inside Gland Puts End to Childhood BY E. E. FREE, PH. D. Conflict between two armies of 1iv- ing cells in the same tiny gland inside the human skull, to see whether the body to which the gland belongs shall keep on growing or shall stop growing and become mature, is disclosed by in- vestigations of the pituitary gland re- ported to the American Medical Asso- clation by Dr. H. M. Evans and Dr. Mirlam E. Simpson of the University of California, in Berkeley. For sev- eral years students of the glands have belseved that some part of this pitui- tary glang is responsible for bodily growth. Disease of the gland frequent ly results, for example, in what called giantism, in which a person may keep on growing to a height of seven or elght feet. It has been noticed also that such gland-created glants are apt w be mentally childlike and im- mature. Dr. Evans and Dr. Simpson now find that two kinds of living cells exist side by side in the same portion of the pituitary gland, being distinguish- able under the microscope by different ways of absorbing chemical reagents. Tests with animals show that one set of these cells supplies to the blood a substance that’stimulates growth. The other set supplies a material which ap- parently overrules the action of the first set, stops growth and starts the processes which lead to sexual and mental maturity, Nature’s method of controlling human development is ap- parently to let the growth-producing cells in the gland develop first and rule the body during childhood. Present- ly the maturity-producing cells come along, stop the activity of their pred- :fi“l!l,o" and turn the child into an ult. ikt They Don’t Often Grow. From the Fort Worth Record-Telearam. ‘There_are many vari: of biy head, 2'1 of which are eomn'>txls chicciion- is|edy: This is & special department devoted | to the handll of inquiries. You have | at your disposal an extensive organiza- | tion in Washington to serve you in any | cepacity that relates to information. | Write your question, your name and | your address clearly and inclose 2 cents | in coin or stamps for reply. Send to The Evening Star Information Bureau, | Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing ton, D. C. Q. How man are there at collegs A. There were can college fraternity buildings included men's, women's, local men's and local women's fraterni- | ties—in all, 246 socleties, with a total | membership of 683,844 and with 3429 active chapters in the United Ctates. 0. Did John Ba record of Edwin Boot! performances in New York City in the role of Hamlet?—B. H. A. Mr. Booth's record was 100 per- formances; Mr. Barrymore's, 101. O Please describe the tising and setting of the sun at the Arctic Circle.— L. A. At the Arctic Circle on June 21 the sun is visible throughout the 24 hours: On March 21 and September 23 it rises due east and sets due west. Half of its path is above the horizon | and half is below the horizon, so that the daylight lasts for 12 hours. On De- cember 22, although at one moment the | sun is just on the horizon, it is invisi- ble for practically the whole of the 24 hours. On March 21 the sun at the North Pole would appear to circle around the observer, being visible just bove the horizon. From this day on- ward the sun continues to circle around in the skv, each day at a greater cleva- 231, degrees is reached. After this date the circling is at a lower elevation, and is again on the horizon September 23. Thus the sun is visible for months. After September 23 the sw circles below the horizon, thus causing a period of six months of darkness. Q. Please define the theory of beha- viorism?—F. V. W. A. It is a theory and method of psychological study, based on the con- ception that sound psychological prog- ress must rest upon tional and objective analysis of be- havior, thus avoiding the “psychologi- cal fallacy.” Q. Can dental and old jewelry gold be sent to the mint for redemption?— . L. P A. The United States mint and assay offices buy gold in the form of bullion in quantities valued at $100 and over. Quantities under $100 in value are not received at the mint. Dental and jew- elry screns are received in sufficient amount, and noliinal charges are made 1-: preparing the metal for coining. Q. If the title of a phonograph record is not consulted, is it possible to tell what the record is without playing it?— L. F. W. " A. There is no way by which words or music can be determined from the grooves of a record without playing it. That is the reason why all records have labels giving information as to title and artist. Q. Do many adults in this country :nesmpt to learn to read and write?— A. Nearly one-quarter of our adult ponulation cannot read a newspaper nor write a letter. Ten million adults are attending afterncon and evening schools. Formerly it was accepted that the apex of mental receptivity was passed some- where around the age of 20. Educators tion, until on June 21 an altitude of | purely observa- | SWERS TO QUESTIO! BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. now agree that adults learn more easi with more interest and greater pro than do children. Q. Is the Mona Lisa & holy plcture? G. H, A. The portralt of Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, 1S by no means a religious picture. Mona (madonna or madam) Lisa Gherardini was the third wife of Francesco de Giocondo, whom sie married in 1495. Leonardo da | vinel was engaged in nainting her por- trait from 1500 to 1504. Q. What history is connected with the “good ship Adventure”?—J. E. D. A. “Adventure” was the name of the ship commanded by Capt. Kidd. This famous pirate sailed from Plymo | England, in April, 1696, in the g Adventure, carrying 30 guns and a {of 80. He put in first at New and later went to Madagascar. He 1 eventually put to death for his pira cal exploits. Q. Did an_electric train go fr Montreal to Vancouver without a st |in 19257—W. D. A. In December. 1925, an elect:] train went from Montreal to Va..cous in 72 hours, less 5 minutes. This was a non-stop trip throughout the ent route of 2.937 miles, except for 1 ! than 18 minutes when the oil supply was cut off. Q. How long did it take Cicero to deliver his first oration against Cati | line>—R. A. According to the estimate of 1 ern orators, it required probably about one hour and a half to deliver. A. Can coal be liquefied>—C. R. | A A process for the liquefaction of coal has been invented. There is an impertant place in Europe for such a | product, cwing to the lack of natural | petroleum. | Q. When did the practice of vaccina- tion against smallpox begin?—N. L. G. _A. It began about 1796. Before t | time many people were inoculaied v the disease. Q. What is the Pious Fund?>—C. O. R. A. What is known as the “Pious Fund,” in which Mexico, Texas and California ere all concérned, was decided by The | Hague International Court decision of 1902. This concerned moneys which | had been claimed by Mexico as due her {rom funds deposited in California. The decision pledged Mexico to pay $1, 682.67 in money of the legal currency of Mexico, and “that the Mexican gov- ernment shall pay to the United State: on PFebruary 2, 1903, and of every fol lowing year of the same date forever, an annual payment of $43,059.99.” Q. How long are the ears of the lop- eared rabbit>—R. B. A. Its abnormal ears are often 11 to 12 inches in length and 6 inches width. Q. How old a city is Pisa, Italy?— > his ith . 0. A. The city was prchbably of Etrus- can origin. It became subject to Rome} in 180 B.C. At the height of its great- ness, in the twelfth century, it is thought to have had a population of 150,000. In the sixteenth century its population had dwindled to about 8,500. It is now in a thriving condition, with a population in the commune of about Q. Are the public schools of the country under Federal control?>— W. C. G. A. They are not. Eacn State con- trols its own school system. Q. What country armistice?—F. L. P. A. Negotiations were opened toward that end by Germany. suggested the Withheld by Final judgment as to responsibility for the sinking of the steamship Vestris and the appalling tragedies which ac- companied it is withheld by the Ameri- can press pending the shedding of fur- ther light on vital questions involved. On the face of survivors' stories and first testimony in the Federal investigation, there was fearful negligence and in- competence, yet the Philadelphia Bulle- tin expresses a view widely held when it recalls the “consistently fine record of Capt. Carey,” who perished with his ship, and adds: “The terrible disaster to the Vestris is one of those affairs in which the precise and complete facts may be diffi- cult to determine and in which, there- fore, every consideration of fair play demands that judgment be not passed with haste.” Special attention is given in mnews- paper comment to the charge of inade- quate inspection by United States offi- clals before this British vessel sailed from New York on her last voyage. Says the New York Sun: “The in- spectors let the Vestris sail. Now it is ckarged that the hold leaked, that the coal port was defective, that the water- tight compartments were defective, and that the lifeboats leaked and depended upon apparatus that would not work. If these charges are true,” continues the Sun, “the United States steamboat inspectors are culpable.” The Roanoke | World-News takes a similar attitude, as- | serting: “Our own steamboat inspec- tion service cannot escape some respon- | sibility. It gave this ship its_sailing papers from New York. The Depart- ment of Commerce must accept a share | in the blame for this disaster until full investigation is made.” | P The Birmingham News comments: “Some one has blundered—this surely must be the verdict of every one who reads with eyes astrain the accounts of the loss of the Vestris. Heroism is here and in abundance, lighting up the tragedy with the spirit of self-sacrifice. | Pathos is here. poignant beyond words. | But back of all this pathos may be dis- cerned imprudence almost unprece- dentes The Scranton Times finds it “de- plorable that every so often disasters of this kind occur; negligence and blunder- ing of insvectors, owners and com-| manders, exposed only after a terrible | tragedy,” and this paper considers it| “unfortunate that Capt. Carey cannot speak in his own behalf. made, the New York E\'(‘!Pnz ‘World says concerning the cause of the trag- For the whole story we can wait In the full teling of this grim tale of the sea we may learn how a modern- built passenger shiv could possibly have sprung & leak without collision in a| meanner to affect all parts of its in-| terior.” That a warning must be taken from this sudden sinkin~ of an apparently seaworthy steamer is insisted upon by | the Indianapolis News, which declares | it should arouse a demand that greater safety precautions be taken in the fu- ture. The Soringfield Republican also, thinks that, “as was the case with the| Titanic, the loss of the Vestris will have the effect of making steamship traffic| in general more safe, because there will | at once be new scrutiny of life-saving | apparatus and of the standards o Government inspection, and a new a! tention to efficient discipline.” * X ok % How much blame must the forces of nature bear in the sinking of the Ve: The Duluth Herald calls atten- tion to the reports of “a stormy time cn! the Atlantic,” and the Hamilton Spec-| tator is reminded that “marvelous are the works of man, they fail at tim: in the contest with nature. that ‘mighty monster'—claims its toll, in spite of all that human ingenuity can_d Th eh'e, But until you have s2on the o which got that way over his wile's money you haven't seen a thing. Rejolcing in the Tescues that were (b fland warns its people agains Judgment on Vestris Tragedy American Press William Clark Russell. The calami incident is a reminder that ccean pe: have not been entirelv surmounted b; the genius and precautions of man." Radio is lauded for the part it played in reducing the loss of life that without its aid would have been tremendous. Discussing this point, the Oakland Tribune observes, “Without the radio, which brought to the scene vess moving within a wide radius, it is prob- able all of the passengers of the liner Vestris would have been lost.” b S “Had there been no such thing as | wireless communication,” according to the Salt Lake Deseret News, “there would have been another unsolved mys- tery of the sea—the disappearance oi & good ship, with all on board and noth- ing to give a clue as to the cause of the tragedy.” Picturing the scene, “one of the est miracles of modern science, Cleveland Plain Dealer exclaims: the vastness of the storm a sudden voice is heard! * * * On dadial courses, converging toward the indicated centor, hasten the ships of mercy. It is the law of all the seas. Where lives are to be saved, no other business is of mo- ment.” That “Marconi and ot responsible for this madern me: communication are among the g! benefactors of mankind” is the while the Pittsburgh Post-Gazet claims, “Another great achieveme for the radio, as vell as for the bravery and skill of the rescue fleets!” Some discussion had been held © shinping circles prior to this ac “over losses of time and many by response of steamships to needless distress calls.” recalls the Toledo E! but that paper ventures the opi jon, that “the loss of the Vestris and t. saving of most members of that shi company will punctuate the discus of S O S limitation with a period. * K ok K As to the methods df rescue in th vicinity in which the accident occurred, the San Antonio Express suggests co-operation of airplanes, saying: *2 craft employed for scouting over the great- Capes and Bermuda should be fast a able to ride the waves for a loj They could be eouipped wit sending and recelving apparatus, their radius should be at leas * * * Great Britain doub 75 nautical miles southeast of Cape Hatteras. Such aids to surface vessels in distress would more than repay the cost of construc- tion and maintenance by lives and prop- erty saved.” UNITED STATES N WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Todav. With Gen. Pershing at her cide, the youthful Grand Duchess of Luxemburg from the balcony of her palace watched the American Army of Occupation march into her capital today. .. Gen. Pershing. in a proclamation, pledges his protection to Luxemburg hostile acts or giving aid to the enemy in any manner. * * * Willilam G. McAdoo tenders his resignation as Secretary of the Treasury, and also as director gen- eral of railroads, giving as his reason a pressing need to return to private busi ness in order to increase his person: income. * * * Railway heads move t the railway systems back into te control. Holders of rail !totaling five billions unite to fight Fed- eral control. * * * A great consign- P ment of money has arrived in Holiand ' for the former Kaiser. Reported to bs to the declares > would worthy of the pen of & and sfiver- imated at as gh $6,000.600—removed acrcss the border ! in a sealed wagon.