Evening Star Newspaper, October 4, 1928, Page 8

3 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. _ WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.....October 4, The Evening Star Newsnaper Company Businese Off 11th St. and Pennsyl ex Office: 110 E: Chicazo Office: Tower Buildin: European Offce._14 Resent SL.. Lond-n. Engiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine Btar, ... o 4% per month The Evening and Sunday Star o 65 per month e Sundev Star 5¢ per ecpy T oien i mase At the snd af cach monts Orders may be sent in by mail or telenhone Main 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Marstand and Vircinia. s and Sundas.. 1 3r. g:i]’ ;fi\* 1 ¥r., 600 Bundey only 1 ¥r. $4.00 All Other States and Canada unday 1 T = Dt Ilz :I‘Afl Sunda 1‘ “; .'1“ - < 1 yr., £5.00: mo.. 40c iy Sunday only ... Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is «xclusively entitled publisked herein. epecial dispatches Divided State Electoral Votes. Every four years, when a presidential election is about to be heid. the question i frequently asked whether it is possible for the electors of a given State to divide their votes between the candi- dates of the two parties. This question persists despite th> plain records of the past, in which appeer evidences of numerous occasions on which State electors have thus divided their votes. The original constitutional provision for the election of President and Vice President required that the electors of the several States, named in such man- ner as the Legislatures of the States ghall have determined, shculd upon meeting vote by baliot for two persons. not designating which was favored for President and which for Vice President In consequence the electors, who were not nominated by distinct parties as “instructed” representatives, cast their ballots for various persons. There were no formal nominations then, and the result was a wide dispersion of the el toral votes. In 1789, the first election, George Washington received 69, all of the electoral votes cast, and John Adams 34, with 35 scattered between | ten other persons. In 1793 Washington likewise received all of the 132 votes cast and Adams 77, with 55 divided be- {ween three other men. In 1797 there was a still greater dispersion of the vote between John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Pinckney, Aaron Burr, Samuel Adams and eight others. In 1800 the electors were evenly divided on the presidency between Jefferson and Burr and the House of Representa- tives elected the former. In 1803 the States ratified an amendment to the Constitution, the twelfth in number, changing the system of electors so that they should vote distinctly for one per- son for President and another for Vice President, which is the present rule. The State laws regarding the naming or selection of the electors vary. In some States they are voted for in- dividually, though under their party designations, while in other States Lheyl‘ are voted for as groups, a single mark under the names of the: party candi- dates for President and Vice President designating all of the electors named thereunder. In the latter case there are no disparities in the votes cast for the electors unless the voter may dut out the name of some elector of whom e disapproves on personal grounds and substitutes the name of one of the opposing party. It is this practice that leads to the occasional splitiing of the electoral vote of the State. In recent years these State votes have been frequently divided. In 1880 the vote of California was thus split, 5 for Hancock and 1 for Garfield. In 1892, the year of the populist movement, several States split their votes, Cali- fornie, 8 Democrats and 1 Republica Michigan, 5 Democrats and 9 Repub- licans; North Dakota, 1 Populist, 1 Democrat and 1 Republican; Ohio, 1 Democrat and 22 Republicans, and Oregon, 1 Populist and 3 Republicans. In 1896 California again split its elec- toral vote, 1 Democrat and 8 Repub- lcans, and Kentucky gave 1 Democratic and 12 Republican votes. In 1908 Mary- land cast 6 Democratic electoral votes and 2 Republican. In 1912 California once more split with 11 Progressive votes and 2 Democratic. In 1916 West Virginia cast 1 Democratic and 7 Re- publican votes. That was the last tecorded division of the electoral votes of the States. These divisions of votes in the electoral college are caused by the over- taking of the lowest names on one list by the highest names on the other. It occurs only in cases of close voting in the State. When the party majority is large all of the electors of that party, though perhaps by varying individual votes, are returned as elected. It is possible that in the election of next | month there may be several cases of | divided State votes. It is conceivable | that the election may turn, if close, 1928 gifts to aid the people in the stricken regions. The immediate necessities have bsen met as far as they can be. The dead have been buried, the survivors have been succored. the injured have been nursed and some measure of per- manent relief has been given to those who have lost their homes and goods. Tt is impossible to redeem in full the ! losses inflicted by the sterm in Porto Rico and in Florida. No public dona- tion can possibly be made sufficient to reconstruct all the buildings that have | been destroyed or to restock the plan- tations that have been ravaged. But |at least the people of the mainland | have. in the case of Porto Rico, shown | iheir eager desire to aid their unfor- tunate brethren of the Antilles who | have been set back so severely in their tion of nature. As an expression of 200d will and brotherly interest concern, the gift of the people of the mainiand to those of the island will be fruitful of lasting results. | ———— — | Cleaning the Stage. A shockingly salacious play, recently |opened in one of the New York the- | aters. was stopped by police action a few nights ago and the producer and | performers were arraigned on charges of | participating in an exhibition detri- | mental to public morals. ment secured an injunction against the | city authorities forbidding further in- |terference with the production pending |trial, and the show was resumed, with, |of course, crowded houses, the adver- tisement of the play as indecent occa- sioned by the publicity of t {having attracted great numbers of | pruriency seckers. Yesterday this in | junction was vacated by the presiding justice of the Appellate Division, and, under orders of Mayor Walker, who has | declared war against immoral perform- |ances in New York. the police again raided the theater, and In the middle of the matince performance stopped | the show and arrested the cast. Wicn |some of the actors appealed to the | | audience for sympathy there were loud | hisses for the police and some applause | |for the protestants. Nevertheless, the | performers were bundled into patrol { wagons and taken to “jug.” The case will be later tried under a State statute, ;and meanwhile the house will remain | |closed to that particular show, and, | possibly, in view of the persistence of the management in repeating the per- | formance, may be padlocked for a | period. This action is to b2 heartily approved by the country at large as in the in- terest of decency on the American !stage. A tendency toward the presen- States for several years. “Broadway,” which is supposed to set the dramatic styles for the American people, has run to slime and gross vulgarity. Plays that far exceed the worst obscenities of the early English and French stage have been produced and have succeeded in attracting large audiences for a time, ‘When put on the road some of these shows have succeeded in some meas- ure, owing to the advertisement they | have received through the criticisms of those who have fought this trend of the theater. But few of them have !survived long and none of them has passed into the record of worthy dra- matic productions. A very small percentage of the peo- ple can furnish sustaining and even srofitable support for an ind=cent play— a few thousands out of millions. Only a compatative handful of the public responds to the lure of the offensive. Perhaps one out of a score of these so- called Broadway successes that trans- gress the rule of public decency has any actual dramatic merit. Now and then a conscientious performance is rendered that is truly artistic while being actually vulgar. But in the main— in the great majority of cases, indeed— the effort of the playwrights who put forth these outrageous productions is to present something that is merely shocking, perhaps smartly so, but un- disguisedly an offense to the ears and the eyes of the community. Prosecution of the offenders against the laws of public decency to be ef- fective must have behind it the sup- port of the people. That this support will be given to the New York authori- ties, who are now trying to rid the stage of that city of offal, is to be hoped, and, in the light of recent hap- penings, is to be expected. New York is the chief source of this evil. Its theaters are, in great measure, owned or controlled by a group of people who have little or no regard for public morals and who exercise no restraint whatever over the kind of shows that are given on their boards, so long as their producers pay the rent. The test of the play is the box office, and as long as this may be crowded with filth seekers, who are always to be found in any large city, the owners or lessees are complacent. 1f, however, the padlock of the law is placed upon the doors of a theater in which an obnoxious per- | formance is rendered a different atti- | | i { | | economic development by this visita- | and | The manage- | he arrests | tation of filthy plays has marked the development of the drama in the United | THE EVENING Y that he had been suspected by some | of his superiors and by some of hls: fellow workers and fellow citizens. Such | palliation i not possible with right- thinking men. The case, in so far as' the legal side was concerned, was & | weak one and was nolle prossed, but, |on the other hand, Mr. Watts was not cxonerated until a day or two ago. Faithfully and patiently h~ worked on,| holding his head high. Nothing can fully compensate him for those weary months. When a child is unjustly accused of wrong-doing he is buoyed by the knowl- edge that when he reaches a certain | age he can ascure his relatives or his | fricnds as to his innocence with every | chance of being believed, Provided his | | character is of the right sort, his mere | say-so is enough. It s different wnh{ an adult. No one may have the correct knowledge save himself and his Maker. His asseverations of innocence are likely to be wasted cffort. Yet we all can | recall distinetly the sense of burning | injustice which sssailed us when charged with some juvenile delinquency. oven though we knew time would set [ the matter right. This citizen of the District and em- nlove of the Government had no such urance. That time-—and in this cese, happily. not too long a time— and the confession of the real culprit | have removed this stain from his rec- ord is a matter of hearty congratula- {tion to him. The police records of the {cese have been promptly straightened | [out: the official allezation of his con- | fesston has been red-inked. while the Board of Commissioners has started | steps looking toward his formal exon- |~ration. It is gratifying in this con- | nection to note that the space devoted {in the local newspapers to the relation | of Mr. Watts' relief from suspicion and |arfef is noticeably greater than that | devoted to the old proceedings against {him. It has been said that the Ameri- {ean prople like to read about ecrimes, but it is an undoubted fact that they like better to read of subsequent exon- erations similar to this one. r——— The ultimate consumer liable to find | most to complain of is the one who absorbs with confiding interest all the tips circulated by stock market sales- manship. R SRS Some censure may be due those | trading New York State Republicans who sometimes helped a little in en- abling Tammany to “get away with the goods.” Lol gl - The aviator vote is worth having. Lindbergh's indorsement of Hoover for President may swing a large group of devoted admirers to his way of thinking. Occasionally & campaign orator who starts out with an air of righteous in- dignation winds up by appearing only peevish. Hindenburg is a very old man and is content to avold empty display while seeking to practice the wisdom befitting his years. r———— ‘Wall Street speculators complain of i the high cost of call money, and may vet join the agricultural interests in a demand for relief. . 2 A good orator can hold his audience, but not always for several weeks after he has left the speaker's platform. -— ——— SHOOTING STAB:S.M TR BY PHILANDER JOHNSO Repression. No officeholder may orate— Which seems a bit grotesque; While. Talent seeks a pose sedate, Sublimely picturesque. One who has risen from the ranks, A Nation's need to serve, When asked to talk, must say, “No, thanks; I haven't got the nerve!” The officeholder, now so meek, Stands by to hear the strife, And murmurs, “Since T may not Speak, ©Oh, what's the good of life!” | Economy—With Discretion, “Are you in favor of economy? “Thoroughly,” answered Senator Sor- ghum, “but please don't mention it in |a way that might discourage a cam- paign contributor.” Rescuing the Inebriate. The “Gold Cure"” didn't do much ~ood For his Intemperate tricks. So next he'll take, it's understood, A, dose of politics, Jud Tunkins says a doctor who tells | you not to worry talks as if he wanted to make sure you'd do little else. Relief. “What's your idea of farm relief?” “Some state of affairs that can work out,” said Farmer Corntossel, “to | | STAR. WASHINGTON, B <0 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Mrs. Aeron Ward easily carried off | Warg. R(;v. F. Page-Roberts and Sou;'r- v nir de Georges Pernet. The first has the prise for floriferousness In the |, % 03 Tavorite with home garden- private contest held In our back ¥ard | ers and richly deserves its popularity. | this year among a dozen roscbushes |its flowers have a certain ivorylike ap- St ot Hast Ruitimn: | pearance lacking in most roses. ‘Tne THURSDAY, OCTOBER 4, ., | pink and light gold of its petals blend This good bush has had 44 roses 50 | perfectly, giving a delicacy not to be tound in sturdy old Radiance. It is, too, a most satisfactory bloomer. After all, this is a great deal in any flower. Con- noisseurs may go in for one or two tre- | mendous blooms from a plant, but most of us prefer a larger number of lesser | blooms, just so long as the flowers are | of decent size. Mrs. Aaron Ward, which easily led the back yard 11 In number of | blooms produced, proved a most satis- factory plant in every way. Its habit of growth 1s particularly neat, a charac- | teristic greatly appreciated in a rose- bush, since most of them are rather straggly in appearance, judged strictly as a shrub. The fact that its some- what frilly petals vary continuously in color, trofm almost golden to light pink and ‘even white, adds to the interest of the bush. The Souvenir de Georges Pernet, if one may judge from this iimited test, is a far superior Tose in every way to its brother, Souvenir de Cladius Pernet, Well grown hothouse blooms of the lat- ter rival yellow water lilies—but_the sad fact is that most of us do not have hothouses, and this particular rose does not do so0 well in the ground of Mother Earth. Georges, on the other hand, gives immense blooms, good both in bud and expanded state, and it produces plenty of them. These carmie red | Howers were the largest of all The Rev. F. Page-Roberts was one of the most satisfactory of these roses with its two-toned blooms of Indian ye low overlaid with carmine. For a dif- ferent sort of rose, this one is a dandy. * ok kX The dozen were planted last Decem- ber, the afternoon before the first freczing weather of the season. The cancs were hilled up to a_height of about 8 inches. During the Winter they seemed nothing but sticks, but were still aiive, | When Spring came the rose bed | looked & hopeless proposition. How far this year, with the promise of a | few more before the 1928 season is finally in the discard. The Souvenir de Georges Pernet, much superior bush to the more mous Souvenir de Claudius Pernet, came second, with 31 flowers, | Radiance, America’'s favorite rose, threw 26 full-sized blossoms, with her | sister, Red Radiance, pushing her close, with 24 roses. Mme. Butterfly was tied with Red | Radiance, with two dozen blooms; Mme. | Edouard Herriot gave 23 roses. Etoile de France, 17; Rev. F. Pagc-Roberts, 16; Souvenir de Claudius Pernet, 9; | Los Angeles, 9, and Duchess of Wel- | lington, 8. Kalserin Augusta Viktoria did not finish, having passed out of the picture | in June, as the result of cause or causes unknown. This was all the | more strange, since this bush usually is sturdy enough in this climate. ‘Th2 total score for the 11 bushes was | 228 roses, not bad for the first year, although not as good as some people might hope. These bushes proved what | we already knew, that no roses. no | matter how well grown, will do their best in a new location the first year. It takes trom two to three years for A bush to get established. What pleased us particularly about these rosebushes | was the size of the flowers, which were about as large as those which come | from any busnes. For irstance, the blooms upon the two Radiances were nearly as good s those upen the 10-foot-high bushes m | the front yard, which have been at it for the past five years. * K ok % Radiance and Reds Radiance, as might have been expected, far oulgrew the other bushes. Both of these powerful growers sent up long canes in August, which are now about 4 to 5 feet tall, and which will be pruned back to the lesser height of the main branches. These 1ar-reachin ¢ Some | could bushes grow from such things? 2 fect longer than those thrown ont by | There was not & sign of life about them. the other roses in the bed. Most of the | Within a few wecks, however, things others are about 2 and 2!, feet to 3 | D¢8AN to happen. A leaf bud appeared, { population is from 105,710,620 in- 1920 | proves that agriculture is in a hard tude may be taken, for the betterment |cnable me to keep my mind more on | of the stage, or at least for the pre- | vention of an outrage upon the public. | ————— The stage holds the mirror up to| farming and less on politics.” “A bad memor; sage of Chinatown, sald Hi Ho, the s no misfortune upon such a split in a single State, e | nature. This very ancient theory would Jeave the current theater only the mel- A whispering campaign stimulates 'ancholy task of reminding human na- curiosity to a degree that renders the | ture that its ideals have gone fearfully megaphones and amplifiers inevitable. | astray. = ! Washington’s Storm Relief Quota. i B American prosperity is so great that Washington is very proud of its rec- | debtor nations are tempted to inquire, | ord of charity donations in cases of |In all candor, what Uncle Sam could urgent public needs. It has met the Want with a little thing like money. requisitions made upon it in the past 4 5 fully and promptly. This record is A Happy Vindication. continued in the case of storm relief, On the thcory that mere sudden funds, of which the District’s quota was | freedom from pain or distress produces first placed at $40,000 and was later |a revulsion of feeling comparable to| raised to $50,000. Yesterday the Cap-|extreme happiness, Charles M. Watts of ftal went over its quota with a total | the personnel of the municipal govern- at that time of $50,224. This money 'ment is today rated a happy man. He has come from thousands of wnplr.:hn< just been freed from an utterly mostly in small sums. It has been false cloud of suspicion as to his hon- - | given with a minimum of petition. The | esty, under which he had patiently | when it enables us | grudges.” | to forget old Art of Organization. About “Efficiency” I've heard. To admiration T am stirred, | At golf the Big Boys take their fling, | While typists do the worrying. | “De only kind o' fightin',” said | Uncle Eben, “is prize fightin’, wif some | one standin’ a chance of gittin’ a bunch of money.” And Tunney Didn't Want It. From the Lansing State Journal. Any one who thinks peace has come to stay would do well to compare the newspaper space Secretary Kellogg at- tained recently in Europe with that ac- | corded Gene Tunney. e This Should Be Ren;\;-rliml. | commonly misunderstood than what is | feet tall. This home garden test should prove | convincing to those who want to se- | lect the “growing-est” rosebushes, sturdy growth is what you want, togeth. er with good flowers, seek no further, | but select the Radiance sisters and be done with it. The referendum of the American Rose Society shows Radiance to be the most popular rose, and no wonder, for it possesses all the attributes which most people expect in a rosebush. Above all, it grows. How it grows! It is the best grower of all the hybrid teas, and is a more consistent per- former, perhaps, than any of the oth- ers in this popular class. The amateur who wants consistent performance can do no better than to select Radiance and Red Radiance. The flowers are typical roses, both in color and shape. " This means a great deal, since every one hasin his “mind's eye” a picture of a rose. His picture, in most cases, is simply a photograph of Radiance or Red Radiance. If we had to choose between the two, we would sclect Red Radiance as being an even sturdier grower, if that were possible, than its sister, while its blos- soms are of a prettier color. What is prettier than a bloom of Red Radiance Just as the bud opens out? It has then a deep glowing translucence not ex- celled by any other rose. * K ok % Our four favorites among the collec- | tion are Mme. Butterfly, Mrs. Aaron | BY PAUL ) T The Census Bureau within the last two days has released certain popula- tion estimates of the growth of cities since the 1920 census was compiled. These figures are not always compre- hended as only estimates, based upon the rate of growth of the same cities, per year, throughout the previous dec- ade—1910 to 1920—applied to the eight succeeding years. They do not actually indicate that the cities have grown at that rate since 1920. Many influences make population growth irregular. But if they have kept up the same ratio as In the decade prior to 1920, this would be the present population. For example, the city of Washington in 1920 had a population of 437571, and if the same increase has continued since 1920 as it did for the ten years before, now we have an estimated popu- lation of 552,000. In confirmation of | the accuracy of that estimate, it is noted that the 1928 City Directory in- dicates the present population, based upon actual names therein recorded, to be_541,000. In the same period of eight years Chicago is estimated to have gained nearly half a million, growing from 2.- 701,703 up to 3,157,400—an increase of 11.8 per cent in eight years, New York City increased in the same period only 2.4 per cent. “Go West, young city, and grow up with the country.” Yet Horace Greeley, who gave that sage advice to voung men, chose New York City for himself. EEEE The total increas> of the Nation's to 120,013,000 in 1928—an_increase of more than 14,000,000. Whenee did that increase come? Gov. Al Smith answers that question by “viewing with alarm” the “decrease of rural popula- tion in that eight years, by 4,000,000"— round numbers for an official 3,915.000 loss. His Inference is that the falling off of 4,000,000 farmers in eight years row of stumps—requiring Government aid—which brings to mind the “gag" sometimes played on a banquet sp2ak- er, when his tormentors all around the table, in the course of his flow of elo- quence, “whisper” in a semi-audible voice: “It may be so, 1 do not know-— But it sounds to me like a lie." Lawyers tell us that truth is often a libel, through its insinuations. * * ‘There is nothing In the census more really “rural” population, for that in- cludes all people living in villages of less than 2,500; it is not exclusively farm population. Even In a farm paper, with almost the largest circula- tion in America, it was misstated with- | then more, BACKGROUND OF EVENTS \labor, too. Today a bushel of wheat then leaves. Even the Kaiserin bush seemed to do well for a time, but finally curled up and died. This was the only loss in the dozen, and about that percentage of failure | s to be expected. | The foliage of the remainder did very well untll the heavy rains of | August, when black spot appeared, de- spite heavy and frequent spraying. No doubt this was favored by the situation of the bed, which had become sur- rounded on three sides by a luxuriant foliage of altheas, hibiscus, lilacs, zin- nias, ete. The two 7-year-old bushes in the front yard, with sun all day long, ! showed the advantages of a protected | situation for rosebushes, yet one offer- ing freedom of air circulation. These bushes, as stated, are now between 8| and 10 feet tall, and their foliage is| without sign of black spot, although sfil‘lyed but once in the Spring, and that merely with nicotine solution for aphids. It is interesting to note that these two grand bushes received practically no water during the growing season. Back against a wall, under an over- hang of about 2 feet in width, they are protected from all but the heaviest rains from the south. For weeks the ground around these bushes was as hard as clay can become in hot weather, yet no bushes could have looked any healthier or bloomed any better or more continuously. We are beginning to believe that the new propaganda for watering rosebushes is mostly bunk, \ COLLINS. comparison and induction. To this wonderful source of information is very likely largely due the rapid develop- ment of rural economics in the last two decades. “Turn now to the population sched- ule. The rural sociologist, we must re- member, is dependent upon as clean- cut an analysis of rural human popula- tion as the rural economist possesses in an analysis of the agricultural ani- mal population. Does the rural sociolo- gist, however, get this clean-cut anal, sis in the population schedule and tabu lation? No. Speaking figuratively, his horses and mules are added together mn one total, and this total is diluted with bees and goats.” * ok ok K According to the Census Bureau, the actual farm population shrank in the decade, 1910-1920, a net loss of only 463,000. In the five years between 1920 | and 1925, the loss ‘(not according to estimate ‘but by actual enumeration) was 2,332,601 That means an average shrinkage of 452,000 a year. The Cen- sus Bureau states the loss in 1925 to have been 441,000; in 1926, 649,000, and in 1927 approximately 193,000. In short, the farms are losing more each yea now, than they did in the 10 years from 1910 to 1920, * K ow oK As to the measure of the “calamity” befallen the farmers alleged to be proved by the annual decreases of their number, there is reasonable doublt as to its being a misfortune at all to ex- perience a decrease in the number of competitors in one’s own line of produc- tion. If all the farmers but, say 1,000, left the farm, what a “corner” the re- remaining 1,000 would have in supply- ing the demands of American consum- ers! From 1910 to 1920 the city popu- lation—the customers of farmers—in- creased 7!, times the rural increase. That divergence is likely to continue until the farmers remaining on the land will enjoy such a monopoly that they will attract back from industry many of their former competitor: It would be no sign of agricultural prosperity, therefore, to note a rapid increase of farmers. Sixty years ago | 1t required four hours of labor to pro- duce a bushel of wheat. It was hard requires less than 10 minutes of labor. Assuming that there were just enough wheat raisers in 1860 to Taise wheat at the rate of a bushel every four hours of work, now that 3 hours and 50 minutes 'of that labor is unnecessary what should Mr. Agriculture do with his idle time? ~Either produce & ruinous oversupply or seek a job in the city industries at wages which look enticing. Formerly we had “dirt farmers’—the jman with the hoe, as described by in the last month, in an article alleg- | Edwin Markham—but today, dirt farm- ing that we today have more than |e€rs are superseded by the~mechanized 40,000,000 farmers, whereas the cor- |[arm engineer. Agriculture produces rect number January 1, 1928, was 27.- | more in proportion to its population 699.000. The actual number in 1920 | than the 71, times indicated to be the was only 31614269—which was 289 |advantage of urban increase of popu- per cent of the total population. Then | lation since 1910. there were 20,471,377 living in villages | o 19.0 per cent of the total. ~ And! pyurthermore, agriculture now holds a “rural” population includes them both. | better class tran e “hoe fapmen s for need was fully understood as a result | labored for three years. A fellow em- of the news publications, and in every ploye is now discovered as the guilty quarter of the Capital there was im- | party, notwithstanding the authoritative mediate response. Groups in offices | verdict of handwriting experts, who, and in stores, in churches, in neighbor- | sad to relate, are but human and likely hoods, in places of public assemblage |to err. gave their dollars. All this money was| Forgery was the crime of which Mr. asked for in the name of the American | Watts stood accused. It was even stated Red Cross and the donation of it 50| at one time by the police authorities abundantly and so quickly was an elo- | that he had confessed. This s known queat testimony to the confidence of [now to be as erroneous as the accusa- this community in the integrity and | tion itself. He had nothing to confess; ability of that organization. he had done nothing wrong. The. sum While the quota has been reached, it involved was a small one, but this fact ‘81' Prom the Detroit News, Tornadoes don't give any more warn- inz than a trick cigar or visiting rela- | tives, - There’s Not Much Difference. From the Akron Beacon-Journal Scientists now say that Salome was | not a dancer, but an acrobat. Oh, come, | come, come! ' Let's not quibble about a distinction as small as that! .- There Still Are Old Radios. From the Detroit Pree Press. cities are growing, while the “rural” numbers decrease. What does that prove? EEE I The absurdity of mixing farm and ! village population together and calling | it all “rural” is strikingly fllustrated by | Dr. Charles Josiah Galpin of the De- | partment of Agriculture in his book, “Rural Life.” He says: “To make the situation plain in the fewest words—take & glance at the agricultural schedule of the 1910 cen- sus. Note, for example, the elaborate classification of animals. ' Horses, mules, goats and bees are listed separately and later tabulated geographically in sepa- If the craze for antiques grows much eater, junk men and second-hand #» known that there is need for further did not plmluf'(ht distressing feeling dealers are going to starve !Awuth. rate totals. The agricultural economist, in fact, is provided with all the data necessary to scientific computation, C i “as a _matter of fact, in most parts of the United States, the hoe farmer is rapidly passing into history, and his place has already becn taken by the machine farmer. The task of the ma- chine farmer requires quickness of eye, and quickness of response to change the adjustment of the machine. In short, the farm task has been shifted from the back of the peasant to the fingers and eyes of a farm engineer; for such we may well term the machine farmer. * ¢ * Machine farming, therefore, will compete more directly with urban occupations and the distinctive rural mind will become more like the urban. * * * Under these conditions, it will be reasonable to expect that there will be less of a scramble of the farm youth to leave the farm, and that there may be some profitable auuhlnn of popu- 1928, PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK The reriewal of Western civilization may meet shipwreck on the rock of racialism. The color line may be the battle line | on which the destiny of Western civi- lization will finally be determined. The psychological unification of the Western world has not kept pace with its_physical unification. The races of the Western world rub elbows, but their spirits are poles apart. World politics becomes increasingly the politics of biology. The men of the sixteenth century fought about religion. The men of the ninetcenth century fought about nationality. The men of the twentieth century may fight about race. Western civilization is likely to go ! to pleces unless its leadership proves capable of effecting an amicable col | laboration of races in the common en- terprise of civilization. 1 am suspicious of the too greatly simplified determinisms of history; some one is always announcing that human history is determined by some single thing—economics, climate, race and so on. There is no economic determinism of history. There is no climatic determinism of history. There 15 no racial determinism of history. These are factors in civilization, but not formulae of civilization. But the existing intensity of race- consciousness and the post-war in- stability of equilibrium between the white and colored worlds are very stub- born factors that must be reckoned with by the leaderships of both West- ern and Eastern civilization. ‘The racial egotist and the economic exploiter have aggravated rather than allayed the raci2] enmities that threaten the modern world. Statesmanship has been sterile before the riddle of racial rela- tions. Will modern business finally find it impossible to make profits without so administering the foreign investments, raw materials and natural resources of the world that many of the causes of race tension will be eliminated? Can religion—with its emphasis upon | reverence for personality in individual human_beings—help humanity to rope and ride this wild horse of racialism? These are questions worth asking. (Copyright. McCiure Newspaper Syndicate.) UNITED STATES IN WORLD WA Ten Years Ago Today. ‘The Americans are astride the Ger- mans’ Kriemhilde line, the last organ- ized defense system between them and the Belgian border. After a day of terrific fighting, in which two Prussian Guard divisions are cut to pieces, our men drove the enemy back. All day long the Germans put up the strongest sort of defense, with absolute disregard tor their losses. In the Argonne Forest they hurriedly felled trees, wired them | and placed machine guns before the advancing Americans, who, commanded by Maj. Gen. Bullard, drove the enemy back into the Bois de Forest. * * * American troops have joined Gen. Gouraud’s French troops in the Cham. pagne sector and together they make a strong thrust north of Somme-Py and capture Mont Blanc. * * * Fierce fighting continues on the British front as more progress is made northeast of St. Quentin and toward Lille. Germans attempt six powerful counterattacks within 24 hours. * * * A British cor- respondent, reporting details of the breaking of the Hindenburg line be- tween Cambrai and St. Quentin, says never have the Germans been seen in such thick swaths of dead as along the course the Americans traversed. * * * Information from authoritative sources Indicates an early German abandonment of the entire Belgian coast. The coun- try behind the German lines in Flan- ders 18 _virtually ablaze everywhere. * * * Seven hundred and ninety-five names on our casualty list today—104 killed, 120 missing and 452 severely Y;u?aded. ‘Total - casualties to date, s lation through the transfer to the farm of men born in the city—especially those who have inherited a love for the land {rom some farm ancestor, but who now hesitate to make the venture because of the physical burden and the personal limitations which they see in farming as an occupation.” * oK K % It is too often overlooked that while thousands are leaving their farms for cities there is a stream of repentant farmers returning from their city ven- tures to the farms. Even in 1924, when the movement from farms to cities and towns was 2,075,000, there was a counterflow of persons arriving upon farms from cities numbering 1,396,000. Last year 1,978,000 farmers left the land for the imagined-ease of city life, and 1,374,000 returned from cities to the farms—some being city-bred without farm experience, but most of them “prodigals” returning to the land of independence. Dr. Galpin has made a research of the experience of the migrants to and from the farms. He sums up his findings as to fs mers' reasons for leaving as follows: ‘The predominant reason for leaving the farm was evidently of an economic character; 37.8 per cent of all reason: were of this character: “High price: “high taxes,” “not being able to make ends meet.” The next most prevalent set of reasons was that of ‘“physical disability,” “old age,” and “inability to obtain enough help to carry on the farm and the household”; 25.2 per cent of all reasons were of this nature. One of the most significant reasons pertaining both to the owners and to the tenants was the “small opportunity on the farm for schooling children”; 12 per cent of the reasons of owners and 5.6 per cent of the reasons of tenants were of this character. A small per- | centage, 1.8 per cent, gave as reason {to “let & son or son-in-law come on to the farm.” Perhaps the most significant reason is that the family has obtained a com- petency and is “economically able” to g0 to the city, “lead an easier life” and obtain those things which “the family has long craved but has not had opportunity to obtain.” Of all the reasons for leaving the farm 2.5 per cent were of this character. ok ko What are the motives for leaving the cities? The outstanding set of reasons for changes of occupations among those who became farm owners and tenants was that including “health,” “better lwing conditions, better place to bring up children,” “love of nature and country life.” The dominant set of reasons among those who became hired men included “cost of living too high in cities,” “could do better on farm,” “could make more money on farm,” although this set of Inducements was closely followed by that which had the first place with farm owners and ten- ants. “Got tired of eity life” figures frequently in the replies from these migrants. “Wanting to live an inde- pendent life” was strong enough to be 6.6 per cent of all the reasons for all three classes of persons. There has always been much guess- work as to the type of persons who change from city life and work to farm- ing, and as to the inducements which prevail. This small preliminary study will furnish some clues, at least, to this problem. Let us briefly summarize the main characteristics of these migrants to farms: ‘The outstanding fact about these per- sons is that 86.7 per cent had previous- ly had farm experience. One-third and more of those who had had previous farm experience had owned farms before, and one-third had tried their hand at being tenants. (Copynizht, 1028, by Paul V. Collina.) strangely | | the supremacy of moral values and its | BY FREDERIC Did you ever write eric J. Haskin? Yo any question of fact a.i. get the an- swer in & personal lettcr. Here is a great educational idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent peo- | ple in the world—American newspaper It is & part of that best pur- pose of a newspaper—service. There | is no_charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Add: Frederic J. Haskin, director, The Eve ning Star Information Bureau, Wash- ington, D. C. i Q. What is the cru Los Aateles?—C. W. A. The cruising non-stop radius n(‘ the Los Angeles, one of the largest dir- | gib'es in the world, is 6,000 miles. | Q. Where can the original D«chn-} tion of Independence and the Consti- tution be seen?—R. B. A. "he original Declaration of In- dependence and five pages of the orig- inal Constitution are on permanent ex- hibition in a ~rne especially construct- | ed for them in the Library of Congress, | Washington, D. C. ter to Pred- “n ask him readers. uising radius of the M. ! How many firms in_the United Slaqlrs send products abroad?—V. W. A. From 15000 to 18,00 United States concerns are actively engaged in such commerce. Q. How many Chinese are there in of California?>—E. B. S. A. "rhere were 7.744 in California. Q. 1s the city mentioned in the s John of Bologna, in city of Boulogne. Q. In the sixteenth century how many clefs were used?—G. S. D. A. In the century mentioned at least | five clefs were in common use. the subject of a sentence, which ones should be first>—M. S. B. | A. An authority on correct English speaks as follows in regard to the posi- tion of personal pronouns connected by the conjunction: “When two or more personal pronouns in the singular are connected by ‘and’ the second person precedes the first and the third, and the third person precedes the first. When the pronouns are used together in the plural number, the first person the second person precedes the third." Q. When and where is the Peter Paul Palr held>—O. N. A. This is the greatest of the fairs | held at Nizhnii-Novgorod. It continues from the first week in August until the last of September. This city on the Volga is celebrated for its fairs. Q. How can baking soda be used in extinguishing fire?>—A. W. I. A. There are certain kinds of chemi- cal fire extinguishers which consist of a strong metal cylinder nearly filled with a solution of baking soda. Held firmly in the top of the cylinder is a bottle of sulphuric acid. There is an opening in the top of the cylinder which connected with the nozzle by means of a short rubber tube. When the extinguisher is inverted the acid falls out of the bottle and mingling with the soda generates carbon dioxide. The pressure of this generating gas forces the solution mixed with the gas out of the nozzle and smothers the fire. Q. What is the greatest solvent?— N. A. Water is the greatest of all solvents. It dissolves to a greater or lesser extent almost all substances with which it comes in contact. Q. Is more money spent for candy than for books in the United States?— H . A, A. The American Booksellers Asso- ciation has recently calculated that in the United States twice as much money is spent for candy as for books—86.9 pounds of candy are sold for each volume of reading matter. Q. Of what country did K!glel:lg say, “Daughter am I in my mother’s | house, but mistress in my own"?—B. 8. He referred to Canada. Q. Are there many opportunities for ! children in the movies?>—A. H. T. A. Many casting directors that re- quire children are emphatic in saying that there are entirely parents bringing their children to Hol- lywood to be entered into pictures. There are comparatively few opportu- San Francisco and in _the whole State | " Chinese in San | Prancisco in 1920 and 28,812 Chinese | Q. When two or more pronouns form | | precedes the second and the third, and | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS > 1. HASKIN, nities for children in pictures and the few roles required are immediately filled by children known to be experi- enced. Q. Is zircon a diamond?—C. H. K. A. Zircon is not a diamond; it is a zirconfum silicate. a crystallized form of carbon. In country zircon is found in Colorado. Idaho, New Jersey, New York. North i Oklahoma, Oregon, Virginia hington. Q. Who is the Elijah of the New Testament?—G. S. A. John the Baptist has been re- ferred to in this manner, owing to t! fact that the events of his life w very similar to those recorded of Elijah. Q. What is “ghee"?—N. D. A. This is a kind of clarified butter used in India and other Eastern coun- tries. It is prepared from milk of buf- faloes or cows, and after a certain process put into closed pots, where it is said to keep for years. Q. What sculptor produced the Venus de Medici>—B. E. C. A. It is attributed to Kleomenes and | was found in Rome In the sixteenth century. When found it was in 13 pieces and was restored by Bernini. It was brought to Florence by Cosino de Medici I1¥ in 1680. Qé Do the women of Japan smoke?— The diamond is this A. Smoking is very common in Japan. Practically all of the men and most of the women smoke, the girls beginning when they are about 10 years old. Q. Is it proper to rise when a toast is drunk to you?—E. M. B. A. When a toast is being drunk, the | person who is thus honored remains seated. At the conclusion of the toast, | he rises and bows. Q. Can reedbirds be taken at any season?—E. C. M. A. The Biological Survey says that the migratory-bird treaty act makes it unlawful to hunt bobolinks. commonly known as reedbirds or ricebirds, any- where in the United States. . Who pays the salaries of the meteorologists accompanying the Byrd Antarctic expedition>—P. N. T. . Two meteorologists on furlough from the Weather Burcau are with the Byrd party. The National Geographic Society pays the salary of one and_the Dantel Guggenheim Fund for the Pro- motion of Aeronautics pays the other. Q. How many coconuts does the United States. import?>—S. W. A. About seventy-five million coco- nuts are brought into the United States each year. Q. What is meant by “C N D" market quotations sent by & telegraph com- pany?—T. A. T. A. “C N D” stands for commercial news department. N Q. Has the letter “i” always had a dot over it>—E. 8. A. This is no original part of the letter, but is derived from a diacritic mark, like an ite accent, used to particularize the in positios in which it might have been taken merely for the stroke of another letter. It ap- pears to have begun in Latin MSS. about the eleventh century with the “ii" in such words as ingenii, and to have thence been extended to “i” in_ con- tiguity with “m.” “n” or “u,” and finally to have been used with “i” in all posi- tions. Q. How did the ancient Egyptians make papyrus, what fluld did they use for writing and what pen did they use?—S. E. A. The papyrus of the Egyptians was made of strips of the fruit of the papy- rus plant arranged in layers. These were arranged in long, rectaugular sheets. The writer used a reed called kash with red of black ‘ink, the formula for which is unknown today. At first the sheets were rolled and tied with ‘a string: later they were bound together like the modern books. The rolls and sheets varied in dimensions. In mln{ instances they réached a length of 144 feet. When newly pre- pared, papyrus was white. The papyri that have come down to us are made brittle by age and are light or dark brown. Q. Who am. used tl;le exp!ru]s!lnn “‘companionate marriage™? . E. R. A. p:l 1s thought that the term “com- panionate marriage” was first employed by Dr. Knight of Barnard College in an article published in 1924. 'Mexico’s Choice ‘The election of Portes Gil, a civilian, as provisional President of Mexico, is a subject of comment in the United States which is distinctly favorable, both to the new official himself and to the conditions which made possible a peaceful election by Congress of a successor to President Calles. ‘The Charleston Evening Post thinks it is gratifying news that, ‘“for the first time in many years, the presidency of Mexico is not the prize of a military struggle,” and this paper predicts that “if Portes Gil has a suc- cessful administration the Mexican Republic will have made notable prog- ress toward stable political establish- ment, and will have won for itself the respect of the world and the confidence of the United States.” The New York Times also observes that “militarism in Mexican politics and public life has been a curse of that country for many years,” and adds that “the selection of a civilian, instead of a military man, for provisional Presi- dent is by itself a happy omen.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette finds reason for predicting “continued rule of order” in_that country. ‘The personal characteristics of Mexi- co's new leader find favor in the eves of the editors of the United States. The ndianapolis News describes a realist with a background of careful- ly thought-out ideals,” and continues: “The information available concerning the new Mexican leader seems favor- able. He is represented as being a strong advocate of Mexican-American cordiality.” ‘The * x ok X The Atlanta Constitution calis him “young, vigorous, sound, progressive and moral,” and considers it to his credit that “he has in no way been engaged in revolutions or other shotgun political methods,” while the New Or- leans Item stresses “the fact that Senor Gil, as Governor of Tamaulipas, has been a promoter of temperance, a sup- | presser of commercialized gambling. and a ploneer worker for industrial educt tion.” The New Orleans paper presses the hope that the “quiet sic cession of the new President may be a harbinger of the continuance of peace and order in Mexico.” The Grand Rapids Press, gives as its judgment, “Gil is a man of solid attalnments, a conservative, a friend of the United States and an able public servant.” The self-control shown in Mexico following the assassination of Obregon. culminating in the peaceful election of Portes Gil by the Mexican Congress, is of Portes Gil Called Distinct Forward Step congratulates Mexico on having taken “the right road.” * ook * In these happenings, the Uniontown Morning Herald sees a “tide in the af- fairs of Mexico, which promises a fu- ture more stable and less troublous than the last 10 years,” and the Lonz Beach Press-Telegram remarks: “The una- nimity with which Gil was chosen by the Mexican Congress indicates the firm footing of the Calles administration and promises a period of peace and progress for the southern republic.” “After the constructive work done in the administrations of Obregon and Calles,” says the Montgomery Adver- tiser, “the republic is in position to make further progress under good ecivilian leadership. The policles of President Calles should be continued, and Portes Gil, wiv has been serving in the Calles cabinet as secretary of the interior, has announced that he intends to carry on those policies,” remarks the Advertiser with gratification. It is the opinion of the Manchester Union that “whatever mdy have been the errors in judgment of the Calles ad- ministration, it has worked for the im- provement of the social and economic condition of the Mexicans,” and also that, “while the policies of the admin- istratioa have sometimes come into con- flict with American opinion, there has been, of late, a genuine disposition at Mexico City to establish friendly rela- tions with Washington.” “America will watch with great in- terest the career of this 37-year-old politician, who has forged his way to , the front in Mexico,” avers the Houston Chronicle, as it states its belief that, “if he survives, he will doubtless con- tribute enormously to the economic and social betterment of his native country.” ; Joining this friendly chorus, the Sche- | nectady Gazette predicts that, “when he enters on his new duties, it will be with the good wishes of every one who hopes to see Mexico em: some day from darkness into the ht of day, taking its place among other stable, progressive states.” ‘The Duluth Herald finds it “good to see progress and quiet in a near neigh- bor,” and the Chicago Daily News thinks that, given proper support, “his tenure of office, which will end in February. 1930, will consolidate the substantial victories already won in the cause of orderly republican government.” The Port Arthur News concludes that “Mex- ico, in the future, should take its place : among the nations of the earth.” 2 ———— Declares Modern A_ga Too Busy for Hyphens i a pleasant surprise to many. The Al- toona Mirfor says: “The history of | has been a succession of gratifying sur- prises to the friends of that country in the United States. It was feared that tragic episode was merely the pre- lude to another period of lawlessness and bloodshed in thal unhappy coun- try. But precisely the reverss has hap- | but mm‘w-qnwhm.ub Mexico since the death of Gen. Obregon | be To the Editor of The Star: In this swift age, the hyphen should left out of compound words. It is, hardly worthy of its space and time. We get along without it orally. Even the comma has disappeared in places as_excess baggage. When the era of scholars comes back again, these extras may come back too; the present age is very busy. D. A, VER.