Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1928, Page 85

‘Rare Detective Skill Is Required to Prevent BY JOSEPH FULLING FISHMAN, Former Federal Prison Inspector and . Tenelogist NE night a few yvears ago the main shop building of a prison in the Middle West was completely wrecked by fire. The blaze was first noticed by | the yard “screw” at about 7 o'clock in the evening. two and a half hours after the men had gone into the mess hall for supper and at least two hours after they had been locked in for the night Since 4:80, therefore. no prisoner had been in the burned shop building. The 40 or 50 prisoners let out of their cclls to fight the blaze did heroic work and scveral of the newspapers commented editorially on the fact that it was lucky for the inmates that the blaze started when it did. as it showed conclusively could not have been of in ze had scarcely boen put before “Old Calamity” (the deputy began doing some detective v ind constantly going on n every prison in the world. It is done etly and efficiently: it never gets o the newspapers and it remains un- alded and unsung by the public at s and ingenuity, dgment, fts sheor competence. it is far su- lity of work displayed v of detectives “on S hat is more to the ™ percentage of successes is very much high In this particular instance “Old lamity” was not at all fooled. He ure that the blaze was started I But neither was he in- ned to give the prisoners the bencfit doubt. unjust as that may scem. for that: too wise and too_expericnced in the In prisen. if it looks ain't.” was the max- nded him in all his actions. ity nt up to the record RS ice over the conduct ords of every one of the 330 prison- ers empioved in the burned shop. Of the 350 about 15 had becn reported n the last month for various in- actions of the rules. Of this number five or six had been excused with a rep- rimand: the remainder had been pun- ished. It was this remainder in which the deputy was particularly interested 8t the moment. He wrote their names down on a slip of paper. Then he went tionless perior to the qu s offic / ~ I ®‘BIG MIKE' SAT STARING, WILDEYED. AT THE CONFES. SION." : “Pen” Experts Who Ferret Out Plotters Among the Convicts and Sidetrack Their Pla THE _SUNDAY STAR, WASHIN PON. D. €. MARCHT 4. 1928 T Holmes in Their Cleverness—But the Outside World Hears Little of Them. | over to the foreman in charge of lhe[ | laundry. “The next time the suits of these men ‘ are washed.” he told that official, “bring | the ones they are wearing over to my | office, Be sure that no one sees you do it." R | FEW weeks later a “trusty” among | the prisoners. wha had been s | noted chemist before he got into trou- ble. spent a day or two examining the suits of cight men. He used a magnify ing glass. A microscope and various | chemicals, and he seemed particularly | terested in A few grease spots on the trousers worn by “Big Mike™ Masterson. a train robber “doin’ it all” for peev- | ishly killing a mail clerk who was too | phlegmatic in_turning over the regis- tered letters. The chemist reported his findings to the deputy. Old Calamity listened with his usual apparent indifference. He dismissed | tie prisoner, walked over to the store- | room and held a few minutes’ conversa- tion with the guard in charge of that department. Then he went back to | his office with a candle which he had obtained from the guard. He broke off | about an inch of the candle. put the ge part in the drawer, lighted the | smaller part, allowed it to burn for & moment or two and then blew it out. | Then he opened the windows and let | the smell of grease get out. after which e rang the buzzer on his desk and told E that he wanted to se: Blinky who worked in the storeroom | When Halloran came in the deputy | let him sit for five or six minutos with- | out addressing a word to him. The lat eves naturally drifted to the dey- | uty’s desk and fastened upon the small bit of candle reposing on a blotter. | Without a word the deputy picked it up. blotter and all. and studied it for a moment or two. Then he inquired | pleasantly. “Halloran. how does it come | thac your finger prints are on this can- | dle?” Halloran wet his lips. “Wh: why—what?"—he started to inquire, but Old Calamity cut him off “Oh.” he said. “I was wondering why the remains of a candle we found in | the tailor shop carried your finger s. Your duties don’t bring you anywhere near the candles, do they?" | In a strained voice. which quavered in spite of himself. Halloran admitted | that they didn't. said Old Calamity 1 thought not.” ~ when Big Mik ked vou to get a “THE PRISONERS, LED OUT OF THEIR CELLS candle for him o that he could se: fire to the tailor shop you were nice and obliging and got it for him. Y don’t have to talk if you don’t want to,” he went on, as Halloran sat open- mouthed, “Mike admitted it after he saw I had the goods on him." Fifteen minutes later “Big Mike" sat | in the deputy's office staring wide-eyed at Halloran's written confession that he had asked him to get a candle to set the tailor shop afire. that he had duly got it for him. and that the fire in the shop was started the following night Old Calamity knew, before Mike broke into a fury of curses and threats of vengeance against Halloran for squeai- ing that the mystery was solved. And now a mythical Dr. Watson will come | forward and explain just how the trick was done. The fact that th» fire started several | hours after the men left the building meant nothing to Old Calamity, as he knew of many tricks by which a fire could be “nursed” for a long time. Then he figured that, if the blaze was of incendiary origin it had in all prob- ability been started by a prisoner with a grouch of some kind. It naturally followed that the grouch would be 1 based on some gricvance foliowing pun- ishment for an infraction of the rules. So the deputy looked up the conduct records to find the men in the tatlor | shop recently reported for rule viola- tions, culling out the names of those who had actuelly been punished. * * % ()LD Calamity was now ready for the sacond Undoubtedly, he thought, some mechanical fnstrument had been used in starting the fire Where did prisoners usually carry such contrabrand things? Why, attached to thelr bodies or their clothing, of course Every prison “screw” knows' that. So the deputy figured that it was possible that some tell-tale particle or odor would be found sticking to the clothing of the man who carried whatever ar- ticle or substance was used. When the chemist discovered candle wax sticking to the inside of one log of Big Mike's * step. | trousers, the deputy feit sure he wos on the track. Big Mike had carried o candle strapped to his leg The next thing was to find out where Mike got the candle. as this might show who his accomplices were, assuming, of course, that he had any. The most | logical source of his supply was the | 1' | storeroom, where the candles were kept They were used only in emcrgencies, when the electric lights were off, and they were promptly returned to the storeroom afterward S50 "Old Ca- lamity” asked the storeroom guard, the guard who was on duty in the taflor shop and two or three others who were more familiar with Big Mike's prison acquainiances than the rest whether he scemed to b2 on particularly friend- Iy terms with any one in the store-| room. Two of the guards remembered saeing Big Mike and Halloran together on_several oceasions The deputy knew, of course, that the candle said to contain Halloran’s fin- gerprints was not the one which had been used to start the tailor shop fire But Halloran didn't know it, even though he may have wondered that a small bit of candle could survive such blaze. S0 he promptly confessed, * he thought Big Mike had told ali Weather NAMELESS league of nations 1 issolves political boun- affects everybody, pre- Gizaster and acts instan- Iy has established head- Quariers in Washington, Edgar B. Ci rt, chief of the fore- east division, U. 8. Weather Bureau. has for tae first time reveased 4o the public international union risdiction extends from pole 1o nt be called ghe ations ery civilized nook are held dally th the rapidit D that is oo fundamental n the s for guarding ot st maonth. the reau radioed ation Lae complete re- 2ttered American for them v knuw B 108 us 10 know th Y, the rotation of the airection of vy forecusiers worked would be st 1 depena weRiher el work Snporant trom northwestern Canada viaven come 1rom \hat viewthier ren are oulpuats of tne on end our 12 elations in RreBlest nportanice “The 1 seheine of Anternstons wealher ezchange thnl s repialy being e on the unseifieh One yovernmen P s won et for wes\her infor nation. Peyment ix inevitably I owome reciprocel errangement Pt i our egreement with France For o0 years we hpd en exchange of westher nfgimation on whst we Srown as the Angot Bulletin This sery o we ha e expanded Iremengously perfectsd i ou yiess, 0f meteorologiet Tere Its om- ' uninhabited made have just received a cablegram from the French meteorolegical office telling of a reciprocal service they can start as soon as we are prepared 1o receive it. We will be supplied with 60 European re- ports five times daily. sending them 75 American reports twice daily R “']‘Hl: French report will be sent from a government station at Issy Moulineaux and will comprise de- talls of conditions at sirategic points all over Europe. i1 digest of weather conditions as sible, even though it is not we would like to have . I hope to have their conditions at 100 Euro- pean stations Calvert vld of difficulties In finding a suitable wave length for sending the reports from France. ‘The naval radio station at Arlingten has been unable 1 pick up their signals, either be- of insufcient power or inter- sce with the wave length, The de- however, 15 expected to be reme- hurtly. Advices from Paris state that the Americen report s being re- ceived distinetly and without delay By & very clever system.” sald C we tranelate wotlen words und on & strip of paper, which sen run through another device, 15 broadeast secording b the international numerical code In order U be sure that the information goes out correetly, w Joud speaker st the brondensting end gives u telltale sound report 1f w mistuke has been made the opermior ean eorrect U with & Land-opersted wireless key 10 1s just e 1ending proot on & manuseripl be- | ture 303 finally punlished The United Hlates I8 tortunately sit- unted s regards veather forecasting The eountry extensive and spans h contnent Weather stations on the coatts wnd dnlend are well orgsnized. To the torh our Weather Burean hss muintsined with Canada the most cordisl relstlons for hslf & century Canadinn repoits from \he Mackengle Hiver Yulley have proved partienlarly aluable To the soulth Mexico noter for the movements of the phisre, but W reports mre not o hecessary ms the Canndian u u I FPecultar,” added Calvert, bl Cuna- Lown government meteurologlsts think 4 much 6f us they transmit some of el nformation w Buftslo end Chi- cakO before SUreaches el own hend- yusiters We, of course, Uy W repny them for tids” conrtey | Bub the most vital area for us I (he TGt of Mexico wnd the Coribhean Bea Here 30 ds thst the miost violent hurri- I {canes, storms and Lyisters are hatched, | end Bere 3 ts we must keep unceasin vigll. We sre Bappy 1 have tha Kind I co-operstion of Cubs, Halli, Kingston, ) vy In turn, we are | We hope to make use | Devclopment of Service Promises Safeguards Agfainst Disaster — Intricate Prob- lems Presented in World-Wide Radio Systcm—lmportant chm‘ts Trinidad, the Barbadoes and the Vir- | gin Islands, “During the hurricane season, June o November, we take added precautions | to protect shipping and Southern citi in order to warn in time of disasters | stch as the last Florida hurricane. “We recetve 10 daily reports from Cuba, 15 from Mexico and about 20 from fsland points n the Pacific side we recelve radi; advices from Japan, China, Honolulu, Manila and numerous ships. We are obliged to Uncle Bam’s warships, too, for much information. But the dis vantage of consistently using the Navy' ships Is that they frequently are tied up In port for lengthy periods. Theit fuel budgets don't permit frequent long Cruthes “Lhe owe the thank wenther bureaus of the world United States Navy countless for Ms courtesy in broadcast.- g reports from stations on the Pacific “nd P Home foretgn Jnavien desereve the same credit The lereat muss of American reports are {rent from the Arlington station, which 15 under the command of Capt. T I Craven, in charge of naval communi- cattons agency of the Government o muke i of radio Fully 20 years ago 10 foresaw e possibilities of this medhum In connection with warning sigmls o ships and naceessible nland points In foer, dess than & year wfter Mar cont buccesstully sent Dis st wireless message acyoss (e English Channel, in 899, the United States Wealher B employed Prof Iteginald A Fes nden, Western University of Pennsyl W, o conduct experiments with adio waves Bpecial slations were on tablished nt Hattevas and toanoke Island, N. C, 47 miles apart, the inter vening space being water Alter long cxperimentation Prof Fessenden de veloped and patented devices which were uned i wirclees for a_number of yenrs Only the Wenther Bureau was enbitled to w free use of (hese Inven- Hons Other Government hureaus tried 10 vein Lo have use of Prof. Fessenden's devices LR A ] SOON the experimentation hecame too techinicnl and involved for the Weather Bureau and it was (aken over by the Army wnd Navy, President The Weather Bureau was the ploneer | TRt S TO FIGHT THE BLAZE. DID HEROIC WORK.” it anyhow, ten confession. how the cand! lamity” knew how, out ft wa: 1 was used. :e, before leaving the shop, i 1t the cand sy placed wooden box, with a hole in the top for so that the light wouldn't smother. the candle burned enough to ignite the shav- ines, which fgnited the box. which, in shop. ind of dotective work, as has baen said. §s going on all the time in institution in the One reads at almost regular in- tervals, for instance, that prisoners who cured guns in some mysterious manner have made a break for liberty. But, what one does not read about are in which smart placing some s the candle he then a; Tvio down low hours later turn, ‘Thi: ignited the entir every penal States had the numbers of case indoor detective work on the part has either prevented the smugglng in of guns or located them prison officials after they have once got in. R N this work, as in detec! the outcide, the despised s plays his pa greater part, offic would be g smuggling, L of files, saws, contraband. So when hears, through the mys: | underground not busy immediately. Thus, on one oceasion, a prisoner in at worth slid up to the deputy in the yard of the penitentiary and, without moving d the information that was about to be made to in- When ater on. the prisoner contended the guns were to be buried on the prison farm 1y the farm gang was in- On the in- structions of the deputy they were as- signed varfous fobs which would keep them on the outskirts of the farm the pig pen: another a third was to be the Federal penitentiary his lips, convey an effor troduce viewed that all he knew me firearms was that Immed! creased by five or six men. was 1o work at was ta cut timber; placed in charge’ of the s oon. A and several v Comc From Canada, Roosevelt issued a bulletin _ in 1004, ordering naval stations to place fheir facilities at the disposal of the Weather Bureau, In addition, all warships equipped with wireless were ordered (o make at least one daily weather report, {and oftener when barometric changes Indicated storm conditions, ‘The Navy has continued to serve the Weather i Bureau satisfactorily Boon the Lighthouse Board entered (into the scheme and arranged for radio | communication and storm warning dis- plays At prominent off-shore points The nearest radio station would give imely warning and the lghthouse [ would erect suitable signals to guide | shipping Another event In the history of broadeanting win the receipt of the Aist obscrvation taken on a ship and sent to n land station. ‘That was from the B B New York on December 3, 1905 In 1906 the vessel was on firm feel sending i regulny ts_once duily, and they were relayed to Washington I"nw frst vessel on the Pacific 1o take | weather service ULy Ahipy were part in this service was the 8. 8. Presi- dent, paid to be the only ship on that vt expanse that was equipped with I wireless betore 1007 l Practical value of the ship radio sery ee Wun demonstrated for the Nt e Atgust 26, 1900, when the steamship [ Cnrtago sent ont warning of a hurvt cune near Yuentan tical points rvations are free to us’ The first radio report to Furope from this country was to France, on January 1t replaced the cable service, which hiad been used for & long time 17, 1019 | I The vessel wervice expanded raplly and woon included obnervation trelght as well ns passenger ships day about 100 Atlantic and uhout Pacific ships send regular reports [ land wtations —“The Government nllow them a small charge for ma observattonn — Certain companh ¢ prohibit thelr employes from re Jeelving money for supplylng weathe: mformation to the Weather Bureau | "The erying need of the Weather Bu {renu,” sald Calvert, “is a more com Iplete nervice tram ships and inaecenssi {ble places In the Aretie, Weather hi {ho- natlonal slleglance. Cyclones pi [ 1m0 attention to boundary fines. A erit- leal place ws regnrds weather i this country 18 the vast polnr avens W are bending wll our offorts toward es- tablishing more stations wthern Alnska, In this respect we are heing alded by the Canadlan service, which han seen At Lo establish radio stations from HADIO ROOM O DALY TO AR SISPANT SUPERY bvoly, and Big Mike like'vise, when he saw Halloran's writ- He didn't have to tell “0Old Ca- as soon as he found ool pigeon o Indeed. he plays the as without him the pris almost only narcotics and other “Old Calamii, ysterfous prison that an “cffort is bring made to bring in some guns chaplain’s garden, at the end of the cornfield, and month later three revolvers ds of ammunition were Of courss, thely did placed. of the farm| r-n}‘::‘r(: ;ronn;h;rn{;’e' cr:aer:}e:nm had been | much more afraid of their fellow pris- ns for a Getaway Rival Sherlock ‘IT is when a gun is known | may result in a getaway or the injury | every man in the institution, that there |quested an interview with the warden. | Calamity.” | sixth sense—that of suspicion— | all good prison officials seem to have. Some Jail Breaks paper, as the man who wraote the nots evidently did. They were therefors eliminated from the deputy's caleula- tions Of the remaining nine, one was going out in five weeks and one in three months. It wasn't probable that men who had most of their time “in" would risk losing all their “good time” in en attempted getaway. o the deputy c2 celed two more, leaving seven. Bu® among the seven was old “Jerry Jin- gles,” as the priso called him, who had put in 17 years of 2 life tarm and was 8 “prison simple” that no inm: of any intelligencs would think of t: inz him ints a plot v vscape S0 Jerry's name cam~ out, Ies we had in our passaselon fwo guns, two b f cartridges znd a note signd shing the intended recipi- is attempted getaway. ok ok % to b already in the prison, however, that the officers must act with the grea‘e: i > speed. ingenuity and resourcefuln six. Of the six. cne @as 2 foreig Then a slizht mistake, a carcless move, | entirely flliterat ;{"' unab the choosing of the wrong stool pigron | 2 “ord either in his own < «- | in English. This left any one of a dozen potential errors— | [ English. | This boft @ Th> deputy then called th» guard charge of the boller ro’m into his office, handed him the five names and in- structed him what to do. Meyers, the guard. nodded his nhsad and, askinz | no questions why. went back to hi work. Within th2 eourss of a week five notes signed Meyers came to the deputy warden's desx. Thay read Deputy: Will you please approve this pass for Martin? Deputy: We will need more coal by the middle of the month. Deppity: I ned to mor men at snnece. Deputy: Pleass send Johnson i of several officers or both. And it is extraordinary how word will get about in a penal institution that there is a gun somewhere inside, although no one seems to know definitely where it is nor who has it. I have personally know which for months_there ent underground “flash, cases in a persist- known to was a “gat” inside, and yet, although certain of its truth, the officials were | unable to obtain any definite informa- tion about it. Just a short time azo | the warden of one of the New York | City prisons told me of such an occur- | steam pipe leak. rence in his institution. For months a| Depty: Will you pleass gun rumor had persisted. One stool | order? pigeon after another had been put on | A few minutes after the last note was the scent, but the gun was particu- | received the deputy sent for Eddie Fran- larly elusive and refused to be found. | cis, one of the five men. “I got your Then one day a certain prisoner re- | letter about the six gats” said “Old There followed many bitter s a gun in the place,” he an- | protestations and indignant denials on . “and I think I can get it for | the part of the prisoner. and persuasive The warden told him to g0 | promises and threats on the part of the As soon as he left the office. | deputy, but in less than an hou the warden sent for another prisoner | elusive “six gats® were in he knew he could trust and told him armory where they w to keep his eyes on the first one. The | Franeis left the deputy's very fact that the first one had told ' daze. twisting around in his erooked something that every prisoner in the 'mind every detail connectsd with tr institution already knew aroused the ' uriting of his letter of warning. and hich - hoping that the six prisoners in the get-avay plot never learned of the part he had played in thwarting it. But. after the deputy had eliminated all but the five men, the task of finding the writer was comparatively easy. Meyers, the boiler-room guard. was told ive each of the five prisoners some sign this And the suspicion was well justified. as it subsequently turned out that the first prisoner was one who had been instrumental in bringing the gun in While the rumor persisted, the officials were so vigilant and careful that he couldn't get a good chance to use it. so he conceived the idea of offering him- self as a stool pigeon, throwing sus- picion on some one else and then carrying out whatever coup he had in mind. write a note to the dep to O. K. this pass. What the deputy warden had done was simply to send out five or six men who were notorious stool pigeons, and who were knoWwn to all . Aer | prisoners to be such over h small a to the depu happen--cither the men in change whatever made and have the guns United that portion. Either way five or six guards go over every night of field glasses site the farm, take his eyes In o few days work on g working in that vicinity them in his blouse. later £ ver: handed the * warden, thereby A few helpless of guns, “serews " he gets ratio as his ability pectad by his fellow. Leaven- to place a pris that his healih to his should be cxamine found to b The work, inter- e bad lungs. doctor so the deputy warden in farm without arousing suspicion. One grounds when the “lung: and exchanged a few casual “As you walk by, throw flower bed,” the deputy tar-of-fact wayr. A f ports first August 15, 1 the World Wa eabled observations slyver her Befors Stberin country ANDAC ) RNARR, RADIO OPERATOR, would become scared and abandon altogether, or they would note the un- guarded portion of the prison farm and lans they may have lanted" would have been satisfactory to “Old Calamity.” unknown to all the prisoners. he had the guarded part of the farm foot by foot war and has not yet been resumed the other This convinced the men in the plot, who were unknown y. that there had been a ieak of some kind. The deputy warden figured that one of two things would the plot it in as. un- Alter ihe guns were found the deputy warden had them put back in the same place and then stationed a guard with in a citizen's house oppo- ith instructions not to T that particular spot one of the farm gang 1ddenly oped. picked up the guns and put moments much surprised prisoner [Ving glass. ods” over to the depul in all probability sa: ing the lives of one or more of the It is seldom, however. that the prison officials use known stool pigeons, as the value of a stool pigeon is in the same to remain unsus- Thus, when a deputy wardem wanted er on the farm in order to watch for some guns, he arranged the prisoner should complain of fellows and that he d by the doctor and recommended outdoor this roundabout way had him placed on the His trouble was well rewarded. One Sund afternoon 1 was sitting with the depnt; on the porch of his home on the prison * came up words, among them being “I've got the guns.” them in the safd in A mat- minutes later were re- Russin and this “This service ceased during the A THE WEATHER BURFAU, FROM WHICH WEATHER REPORES ARE SENT TWHE FEET 1O RIGHT THOMAS R BROORS, SUPERVISOR; ARTHUR ) DE MARS, AS Generally _speaking. prisoners _are five who spelled th> word “deputy” as it was spelled in the letter about the six guns was Francis: hence the deputy's conclusion that Francis was “it.” In many instances the officials pay with their lives for their failure to keep out firearms, as was the case in the re- cent Tombs outbreak in New York, where the warden and a guard were both killed by desperate prisoners en- deavoring to make a getaway. There is the same struggle to keep out files, saws and other articles designed to assist in an escape, and to keep at a minimum the drugs which seem to seep through the very walls. Outside of prisons clever detective work receives widespread and favorable publicity. and the failures are soon for- gotten. Failure inside the walls is wide- Iv advertised by the bloody acts which follow in its train. The successes are not frogetten: they are simply never known. For. whatever defects the real blowed-in-the-glass” prison officer may have. an excessive amount of self-ad- vertising is certainly not one of them. {onerc than they are of the officers. so | that it is no unusual thing for the offi- | clals to get anonymous notes from in- | mates who are afraid that even being | seen holding a conversation with a guard may fasten suspicion upon them as stool pigeons. | Usually the information contained in | these notes is so meager that it becomes necessary to locate the writer in order to obtain enough to enable the officers to act. Finding the writer of an ano; mous note among two or thre thou- sand convicts. many of them past mas- ters in the art of deceit and dissimu- lation, would make even ths famous detectives of fiction step a bit. But many prison officials, who do not seem on the surface to be particularly smart or intelligent. do it dozens of times a vear and lock upon the work as a matter of routine. Eipim PRISON official whom I know very well found on the floor in front of door 2 ote, reading: is 6 gats in the place.” A was all. The letter was ‘crinted,” <o that there was no hand- writing clue. The deputy went over the note carefully with a large magni- ©On the back he found a small piece of cotton waste. But cot- ton waste was used in almost every shop in the institution where there was machinery of any kind. Fifty or sixty prisoners engaged in cleaning usad cot- ton waste all the time. The deputy sent for his prisoner- chemist. who soon found coal dust on the paper. This possibly narrowed the hunt down to the men who worked in the boller room, the only place in the institution where coal was used. The note then went to the fingerprint ex- pert of the institution. who sprinkled fine white powder over it in order to bring out any fAngerprints of the kind invariably made by even the slightest perspiration on the thumbs or fingers There were no prints of kind on th> paper The deputy then went over his Jist of conticts assigned to work in the bofler room. There were 12. Three of these were mountatacers convicted of moonshining. simple cou fellows who never new there were such th as fingerprints until they got to the penitsntiary. They would never have thought of keeping fingerprints off the Going Back to Palestine. About 50,000 Jews have emigrated from various parts cf the world to Palestine since 1920. says the Pathe finder Magazine. Most of them have thus far besn from Europe: nearly 50 per cent of them from Poland alone. In 1924 the head of the Zionist mov ment announced that the Jews were going to Palestine at the rate of 1,000 a month. The number going from the United States is comparatively small. In 1925 less than 600 went from here. According to the census of 1922, the total population of Palestine was 755.000. Only about 83.000 of these were Jewish. The Republican Elephant. The elephant as the symboi of the Republican party originated with Thomas Nash. a famous cartoonist, says the Pathfinder Magazine. It s said he received his inspiration from an article in the New York Herald describing the escape of some animals from the local zoo. Harper's Weekly published a cartoon by Nash on No- vember 7. 1874, in which the Repub- lican party was represented as an el that animal! being regarded as ymbol of strength. Reports _Exchanged ‘by Nations Cover Great Areas complets Far Eastern report is radioed ' to San Fra co datly through ar- rangement with the Philippine weather service. This includes intelligence from Chins, Japan. Korea and many of the neizhboring Islands “What the modern weather service means to shippers can hardly be esti- mated.” said Calvert. “Before ships were equipped with wirelesss the only means of warning their masters of ap- proaching storms was by giving the bul- Iotins before they left port and by the display of shore lights and flags. To- day they may pick up any one of a number of daily weather reports and be warned immediately Tha first application of radio com- munication to storm-warning work was 1902, when the Marconi Co. to furnish Cunard line 3 ts by the Weather Bureau 1004 the broadcasting of storm and weather warnings bscame a regular function of the Navy R (;R.\Dl‘ALL\' the Navy has increased weather broadcasting service. It sends reports from Key West, Fla Great Lal IL: San Francisco and islands in the Caribbean Sca. The first “fiying™ bulletn ever broad- cast was sent by the Weather Bureau in June, 1921 This was i Nlfi\l\" to a demand from Army and k3 is, in July, bey aviators, The service today course, avatlable to any pi takes ths time to read it nce daily Arlington sends detatled reports of upper atmospheric conditions in each of six areas into which the eastern f of ths country has been divided ‘The heavisst and most persistent demands made upon the Weather Bu- reau in recent vears came from po- tential transatiantic flyers™ comment- od Calvert Unfortunately, the great ocean tract is not observed with enough detatl to give information needed for an accurate forecast. If transatlantie hops become frequent we shall have to start A Ctransoceantc fiving weather sanvice The first woather map prepared a <ea was aboard the Red D Line. 8 8 ! Caracas, on Dec 1. 1808 _The map was by B C Kadel an offeial of the Weather Bureau The wireless operator gathered Teports from steam- ers while the Caracas was i a starm oft Cape Hatteras. Kadel plotted the reports and predicted the ships would be out of the storm area by maorning Today weather mapping on ships s A common practice. The Weather Ru- tean supplies masters with spectal bass maps and the data are recetved from broadeasts of naval stations and fre- quently are relayad from ship to ship The fatmers were among the last to Profit by radio weather reports Mor a lug time thay were handicapped bes cause they could not deciphier the dots cash code. The Unfversity of Wise consin paved tha way 1921 by give g out the fnt radivtelephone broads ast for the benefit of farmers. Today the service ts expanded 1o a remarkahls degree. Thare s hardly ane of the GO0 or mare hroadoasting stations that does not broadvast at loast ane weather Tepart daily T'humbs Down ofi lfte Bob. thasn Sald. King of the Hedias, s an nemy of babbed hatr. Although he vefraimed from farhidding the woamen 1o eut thelr halr, he ardered that any barber found guilty af clippung & woms :\“;« Tooks should be sent W jall or ned.