Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1928, Page 30

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D.C. SUNDAY.........March 4, 1928 :IHEODOBE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Businese Office: . L1th St and Pennayivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chic: ¢ ower Building, :umm‘?mm:‘ i';em St London, ogtand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. R: Evening Star B¢ per month Evening and ‘Sunday Siar Cwhen 4 Sundays). ... .. The Evening and Sunday Siar (when 5 Sundays) The Sundar Star ... """ S per copy Coliection made at (ke end of each month, e sent in by mail or telephone. 60¢ per month 65¢ per month Ay Main 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. B Maryland and Virginia. Datis and Sunday. Daily oniy . Sunday only . All Other States and d Sunday..] vr., $12.00 $5.00: 1 mow 8¢ $100 1 mo. 33¢ Member of the Associated Press. o T8 Associated Pre '@ use for republication of all news dis- Patches credited 0 1t or not otherwiss ered ited in this paper and aiso the local new published herein All rights of publication ©f special dispatches herein are also reserved. _—_—— . Voice of American Womanhood. In an extended symposium of ex- pressions on the subject of national Tepresentation for the District of Co- Jumbia, printed elsewhere in The Star today, the women of Washington, Joined by some who are members of other communities and leaders of na- tional organizations, voice their demand Tor the extension to them, as American citizens, of the fundamental right of the baliot as a means of participating directly in the management and ad- 2 ‘anada, i1y and Daily only § os P8 Sundas only exclusively entitled | community. A well maintained public market is of material service. The con- centration of food supply shops or stalls under a single roof permits a wider range of selection and comparison of qualities and prices and affords conven- fence of access. The case of the West- ern Market may perhaps scrve as a guide when the time comes to consider the re-establishment of the Center Mar- ket, which will shortly be destroyed to make room for a Government building. Tt is evident from this case that the day of the market center is not done and that provision must be made for the collective offering of food supplies to the people in convenient locations and in circumstances to assure efficient administration and high sanitary stand- ards. H R The Kellogg-Briand Conversations. The negotiations between Secretary Kellogg and Foreign Minister Briand looking to the drafting of a treaty which will effectively “outlaw™ war as an instrument of international policy have progressed to a new stage as a re- sult of the latest American note to France. The history of these negotiations may be briefly reviewed. France started the ball rolling with the proposal of a bilateral treaty between the United States and herself which would re- nounce war as a means of settling any future dispute between the two nations. The United States pronounced the idea an excellent one and suggested that the proposed treaty be multilateral, that is, that it be entered into.by each of the principal world powers. France replied that she could, owing to her engage- ments under the League of Nations and the Locarno treaties, fall in with this suggestion only if the wars to be out- lawed were characterized as “aggres- THE SUNDAY. STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. MARCH ‘4, 1928—PART EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D., obligations to punish a nation which fails to do so. It meets the exigencies of the United States in that it pledges us to no given action in the event of a foreign nation's resorting to war, but leaves us free to determine our own obligations in the matter. It is, at least, worthy of serlous consideration, i Investigation by Experts. During the last two years or more we have had a wide-range general in- vestigation of what-not, hither-and-yon of the public service, particularly as af- fecting the municipal administration of the District of Columbia, which has made the name of the Gibson subcom- mittee famous, and which has doubt- less effected important reforms and considerable economy. Chairman Gibson, at a continued hearing yesterday, when the municipal architect was a witness regarding brick contracts, made a very pertinent com- ment. He sald: “Such technical sub- jects ought to be investigated by techni- cal experts.” Without any attempt to conceal any- thing from the public, a great deal of the investigation now in progress should be done in private conferences rather than public hearings. The facts could be determined sooner and more justly to all. interests concerned. It is the truth about conditions that is sought and not to persecute or “ride” any pub- lic official. It is practically impossible to get at the truth, the real facts, on 2 technical subject in an open hearing. Time is wasted, and the worst result ic to arouse in the minds of the public a distrust of public officials and a feeling that there fs guilt or malfeasance in office where none really exists. Mr. Gibson said rightly that technical subjects should be studied by technical v taining their individual and mutual} Bishop of “The Gift of God.” “If thou knewest the gift of God” (St. John, iv:10.) The above passage is but a fragment from one of the most memorable inci- dents in the life of Jesus. He had come at the close of day with His disciples to an ancient well, and, being tired with the day's long pilgrimage. He paused to rest while His disciples went into the city nearby to gather food for their evening meal. While seated by the well & woman from the city came out to dvaw water for her evening meai Wearied and thirsty, He requested her to give Him water to drink. Instantly the woman recognized what seemed to be the impropriety of such a request She was a Samaritan, He was a J There was no intercourse between Jews and the Samarita “How that Thou, being a Jew, askest drink me, which am & woman of Samaria Jesus answered and said unto her, “If thou knewest the gift of God, and Who it is that saith to thee, Give Me to drink, thou wouldest have asked of Him and He would have given thee liv- ing water.” There is something in this expression, “the gift of God,” that is arresting and appealing. Certainly Jesus meant to imply that He had something to give to humanity, wholly and utterly different from that which hitherto it had reccived from any other source. This gift was altogether unique, and He alone had the power to confer it From birth to death we arc ever sceking from the world in which we live those gifts or privileges that enrich Jife and give it advantage and satis- faction. There is a normal craving within each one of us that is ever reaching out for the satisfaction our_desires and ambition That the world owes us a living s been re- peatedly affirmed. That it must fur- nish that which satisfles our bodily 15 us food, shelter and employment, that of | W ashington these things that Jesus had to do. True, He came to give men the more abundant life; true, He came to affirm man’s immortality. Beyond all this, it is clearly evident that He came to enrich and ennoble life, to Invest it with qual- ities of mind and heart, and to satisly yearnings that had never before been met. It is quite concelvable that a man may be abundantly blessed with material * gifts, and yet be strangely lacking in that which Jesus Himself alone has the power to give. We sce abundant illustrations all about us in our daily life of those who have been oversupplied with this world’s goods, and yet witness to utter poverty in those things that concern the decper and finer spiritual nature. The “gift of God” is primarily and essentfally a finer understanding of the deep meaning and significance of 1if itself. From Christ as from no other teacher men have learned what consti- tutes the real purpose of life here, its design and ultimate destiny. To think of the “gift of God,” which is imparted through Jesus, as something that cramps and restriets life, is to wholly misunderstand and misinterpret the high purpose of Jesus' ministry. Re- | peatedly, in the course of His earthly career, He took lives that seemed dull and gray and unintercsting and ren- dered them beautiful and attractive by imparting to them the gift of His own | vislon and power. He not alone geve | men an entirely new vision of life's meaning. but He also gave them the | power of attainmen He identified | Himself intimately h our deepest | concerns and our largcst interests. He unfolded a plan of being and a scheme of life that contempla highest development and its decpest satisfac- tion. The gift which He came to give | has value to us only in so far as we | appropriate it. A gift neglected and | unused s worthless. It is one thing | to regard Jesus as the holiest among and physical needs, that it must give | the holiest and the mightiest among | | the mightiest: it is quite another thing 2 Anecho. of old Roman forensic ora- tory was heard in the House during the week when Representative Tiliman of Arkansas essayed to preach a fu- neral oration over the political corpse of Senator Willis. Mr. Tillman as a background recalled that a few years ago, with othe: members of Congress, he had “stood in the Roman Forum and was shown the spot where the great Caesar fell bleeding from many wounds inflicted by Brutus, Casca and others. “The chaste Calpurnia had told her cagle-beaked husband not to go to the Senate house on that day. The sooth- sayer had shouted in his ear, ‘Caesar, beware the ides of March!” But Caesar went, and died at the base of Pompey's | statue. Before he fell he recognized | his neighbor Brutus, and exclaimed in astonishment, ‘Et tu Brute!" Later our party was conducted to the spot where Mark Antony delivered his famous ora- tion over Caesar's dead body, and his speech created much discussion among the Romans. “Now, after the ides of April, after the Ohio primary has been held, I can en- visage some modern Mark Antony hold- ing up the bloody cloak of Jullus Cae- ficted by the knives of those who should have been his friends and sup- { porters and saying something like what | Mark Antony” said as he held aloft great Cacsar’s bloody cloak: ““See what a rent the envious Casca (Cramton) made; through this the well beloved Brutus (Burton) stabbed! And as he plucked his cursed steel away, | foliowed 1t!" " * K Kk % This little story was told in the House, quoting a Scnator's joke 0n himself. | He said that a teacher oi the fifth grade out in Maryland recently asked the class this_quesdon, “Whai c the United States Congre: answered, “The United States Senate.” The teacher said, “Is there not an in- ferior body?” “No,” said the pupil; | “there is no inferior body.” | ok Representative Fritz Lanham of Texas sar Willis and pointing to the rents in- | mark how the blood of Caesar (Willis) ! BY WILLIAM HARD. There is a charming link between our new Minister to Egypt, Mr. Frank- lin Mott Gunther, and the country to which he is to be accredited. Long ago there was a great-uncle | of Mr. Gunther's whose name was Let- | som Mott. He had @ desire to roam.| He had a desire to fight. Looking' about for a country to be the reciplent | of his activitles, he chose Egypt.| Egypt was then ruled by the Khedive Ismail, whose extraordinary skill in ac- | quiring debts which he could not pay off at last induced him to sell his share in the ownership of the Buez" Canal to the British Empire. Letsom Mott Joined the Khedive's army and ' rapidly rose in it to the rank of gen- eral. He led Egyptian forces in the famous campaign southward from Egypt | in Abyssinia. In gratitude to him the' Khedive presented him with two enormous diamonds, magnificently pear- ' shaped. These diamonds, to make the story complete, Mr. Gunther ought now to have, but Letsom Mott gave them to a lady. However, all right, the lady was his sister. In any case, Mr. Gunther goes now to| a land with whiech his family has| already been romantically assoclated. | * k% Speaking of diplomats, it is in or- der to speak of Von Prittwitz Gafron. | | This new Ambassador from Germany | certainly cannot be said to be a pmd'i | uct of “the new Germany.” He comes {from a family securely socially estab- | lished long, long ago. By descent he belongs most certainly to what we in | America used oall, loosely and| rougnly, the “old aristocratic Junker | Scenes of Their Officiil Duties ‘Huns” and other enemies of ours are terrfbly rapidl becoming our relatives. % There's Edward von Selzam, sec tary here in the German embassy. married Anita Henry, one of ours. And there’s Karl von Lewinski, Ger- man consul general, with a residence here in Washington. He married Emma Pomeroy, one of ours, from Denver. And it doesn't stop there. e Take our exensmy, Austria tria is represented here by Edgar L. G. Prochnik. What was his wife's name? Her rame was James till it got to be Prochnik. The road from here to Vienna, as well as the road from hers to Berlin, used to have Mars on it. Now it {s_more attended by Cupid. But, oh! Buda-pest! * ok ox % ‘The Hungarians were certainl swirdy enemies of ours. Along wi Aus~ to make that Hungarian Minister—Count Laszlo Szechenyl. Wife—Gladys Vanderbils of New York. Hungarlan counselor of legation— John Pelenyl. Wife—Sue Harman of Cincinnati. Hungarian secretary of Andor de Hertelendy. Hitt of Washington. What can you do with ex-enemies when they belong to the family circle? Or, really, more seriously, what can you do with them when in characters and manners you cannot distinguish th in any important sense from ex-allies? legation— ‘Wife—Elizabeth Germany.” He is gay, quick, smiling.!Some of our ex-enemies here in Wash- lively, straightforward, clear-eyed, full | ington are amwng our most popular of buoyant animal spirits, all out for| nalities. The Great War was go- an innocent good time as well as for ing to rend the world into two per- i earnest diplomacy. He differs essen- | petually opposite camps. Within a tially no whit from many a Nordic| decade the diplomatic corps here in Englishman and many a Nordic Amer- | Washington knows no distinction worth jcan whose pictures we see in the roto- mentioning between former friend and | gravure sections disporting themselves | former foe. Never has Washington had sive.” The United States demurred |experts. Then, if unhealthy conditions to regard Him as bearing in His min- | gets a varied mail daily. One letter | ghletically and fashionably at cosmo- | a gayer or more companionable ter, Mministration of their affairs. This is an impressive showing of sentiment. It unmistakably demonstrates that the women of America, having been cn- franchised through the adoption of the to this proposal, pointing out the dif- ficulty of adequately defining in advance just what “aggressive warfare” is. France stood pat, explaining at some are found, it might be well to arouse public indignation through public hear- ings to expose the condition and thus it must.furnish that which satisfies our | tastes and our longings, we urge with | istry and teaching a vital relation to insistence. 1f we would seek in thejour everyday life. To know what life of our aptitudes through the cultiva-|to the present, and to have assurance tion of talents, we are compelled tofof its ultimate destiny—this is the giit higher ranges of life the satisfaction|is, how to live it, to see it in relation | | asked him for a copy of “Smith’s Onion | Keport.” He made a vahiant effort to ge. a copy from the Department of Agriculture, but no one could seem to get a scent on the trail of how, when and where it was published, Finally | politan watering or bathing places. It seems almost impossible to believe that 10 years ago he was a “Hun.” Moreover. | | as it now occurs to this writer, these| Moral: Hereafter let us fight wars without getting personal about it. (Convrizht. 1928.) bring about a reform. .- recognize certain rules and disciplines which Jesus imparts to every man who that alone guarantee efficiency. All accepts His sovereignty and is obedient this is clearly obvious. It was not with'to His high will and purpose. RAILROADS AFTER BUSINESS || length the exigencies of her position. The recent Kellogg note is the latest chapter. In it th> Secretary of State, in most friendly terms, stands firmly on his pre- viously taken position. He declares that the only difference between a bilateral and multilateral treaty is one of degree and not of substance. He argues that mineteenth amendment, regard that ac- complishment as incomplete because of the continued exclusion of the District ©f Columbia, the seat of Government, the national center, from the right of fepresentation. It is impossible to conceive that the women of America, having won the ballot. after a contest in which they iMr, Lanham had an inspiration. His | constituent desired a copy of the Smith- | This and That sonian report. ERE | Fifty Years Ago Lest we forget: | ~ InThe S Senator Borah fathered in the Senate | By Charles E. Tracewell. i n e dtar and Representative MABS] 0{ Minncw&a“ | {1 the House a joint resolution remind- | & sl niasaa en | ling us of the sesquicentennial of "‘"gp-g‘x;dspngfl:guc;rén. e D domee.! ‘As the House tomorrow takes up | Hawatian Lslands, authorizing an Intl- | ticated, carnivorous quadruped that is|the District bill" says The Star of ‘The sixteen-year-old Spokane boy who electrocuted himself brings to attention a strange point of psychology in con- nection with the promiscuous parade of crime details. A morbid imagination may go so far as to regard an electric chair as some sort of play toy. e —e— DERIC J. HASKIN. BY FR were heartily joined and aided by their equally disfranchised sisters of Washing ton, should now permit the continuation of this condition at the Capital. Nor is 1t conceivable that the women of Wash- ington, who have seen the adoption of the nineteenth amendment effected— Who have, indeed, in great measure, Aided in 1ts adoption—should permit the prolongation of the un-American condition which has for decades, indeed since the beginning of Capital history, persisted here, where, of all places in | America, the right of representation should be established. - The strength of this showing, in the ‘symposium printed ' today, naturally gives point to the suggestion that the women of the States, who have them- Selves received the vote, will never con- sent to leave their District sisters vote- less One of the most eminent of the | leaders for woman suffrage, who strove valiantly and effectively for many years, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, long the head of one of the largest and most influential organizations of women working for suffrage, though not repre- sented in this immediate presentation of views, has herself appeared in per- son before the House committee on the Judiciary in the course of the current ‘hearings on District national represen- tation, and in the strongest terms urged the adoption of the amendment which 15 now pending before Congress, em- powering that body, in its discretion, %0 extend the right of national repre- sentation to the people of the Capital. 1In the organization of voteless Wash- ington for the fight for national repre- sentation the women of the Capital have played an important part. 'rney; have been indefatigable in their service | in the cause of the voteless Washing- tonians. This present expression from them, through those who represent a ‘wide range of organizations, is an evi- dence of their determination to per- severe, as did the women of the entire United States, untl victory has been won for them, as it was won for the greater body of American womanhood. ‘With this force at work—a force that has siready demonstrated its effective- fiess in the fight for the nineteenth amendment—the success of the proposal | for a twentieth amendment, giving the | potential right of national representa- tion t the de-Americanized citizens | ©f the District, is not to b2 questioned. e Bootleg “kings” are becoming 80 arrogant that they may come to regard citizens bent on defending the law merely as rebellious subjects e o What would once have been surrep- titiously mentioned as scandal 15 now elaborately discussed on the lecture pistiorm ) The Western Market. 1f Congress will grant the requisition of the Commissioners for an appropria- tion of $50,000 for the reconditioning ©f the Western Market, st Twenty-first and K streets, which vithout reglizing | the velue of that institution ¥ a large | number of citizens, they ordered cloved o wecount of its poor state, the happi- est issue possible will ceme from s gituation that has far & short time been Gistressing v, many people. ‘The order of \he Commissioners Vo close the mar- ket care ar m surprise Lo s patrons Their provests, which were immediately forthooming, Qisclsed the fact thiy food supply center remains sn impor- want factor in the dally Jives of Wash- Ingunisns residing in the western re o Through some misunderstanding Gecitlon W oontinue e market wervice unuil repuirs could be provided for wes gelayed. The patrons of the market were grestly stirred by the prospect of Loning this utility and orgunised & meet- M. On the eve of thst gethering the Azommisioners, oorrectly messuring the ourse of public opinton in this matter, wisely concluded 1) recgnim the worth of \he market ¥ the people, canceled arder for closing wnd sunounced ‘. purpse Lo wsk 108 81 €IeTgEncy sppropriation. To make quite sure of Uit grouna the protestants held thelr yieeling, which served W emphasize tie Recessity of aeton by Congress in e crant of this fund 1018 evident from this case Lhat these et msrket cuters aie of velue W the | the bitterness of history has driven the | | her place among nations of honor. what France can do with the United States under the exigencies of her League engagements she can do with other powers. He expresses the sincere hope that 2 formal engagement unquali- fiedly renouncing war as an instrument of national policy may be found to be a most cffective means for promoting the great ideal of peace which the League itself has so closely at heart. He looks forward to a continuance of the conversation. The Kellogg argument cannot but im- press the Nation to which it is addressed and the world which eagerly follows this debate. Even his weakest link, where he insists that what Prance can do with the United States she must be able to do with her League confreres, holds up. For while this would obvi- ously not necessarily be true, it is diffi- cult after a careful perusal of the League covenant to see where in this particular instance it is at fault. Under articles 10 to 16 of the League covenant the signatory powers pledge themselves to what might eventuate into warfare upon any member nation which declares war upon another, with | a view to re-establishing peace. And | under article 17 exactly the same en- gagements are entered into should a non-member state resort to war against & member state. If, despite her engage- ments under section 17, France can completely outlaw war as between her- self and the United Btates; it is exceed- ingly difficult to understand how section 16 precludes her doing so in the case of Germany, Italy. Japan and England. The truth of the matter must be that the stumbling-block with which France i faced is more a matter of practical European politics than unalterable con- | tractural obligation. She can conceive of no possible circumstance uhder which war between herself and ourselves would be waged by her and only one—should | she threaten our free use of the seas when she was engaged in war with an- other power—when it might be threat- | ened by us. The bilateral treaty out- | lawing all war between us becomes pos- sible and desirable from her viewpoint And conversely she can see, with no| enthusiasm but with eyes from wmchl dreams of utopia, the very real [l)nl—! bility of having to fight again some day to maintain the peace of Europe llld‘ For, as has been pointed out, it 1| the European conviction that the mere | renunciation of war will never lumm1 10 insure enduring peace, and that this | end can only be achieved by the threat | of swift retribution t any nation dar- | ing again t plunge the world in the hell of warfare. Burely the way can be found, will be | found, under which the civilized na- | tions of the world can effectively com- bine to bulld up that popular renuncia- ton of warfare through which alone can peace endure. Burely the American l and French—or European—viewpoints | can be reconciled if those at the helms | of the natlons concerned are utterly | sincere in their purposs to brand war | a5 @ crime ngainst a civilized world To thix end, and in the belief that it offers a practical, dignified snd accept- |uble compromise solution 10 the vastly {important problem under consideration, | The Blar ugain offers its suggestion, | | printed on Junuary 16, 10 the effect that | France, the United States and other | principal world powers subscribe 1o & | treaty sbsolutely renouncing war s an instrument for the setUement of inter- natlonal differences between them, ex- | cepling only war as a punitive measure | | mgainst w nstion which, in violation of |18 given pledge, resorts 1o war--the slgnatory Lations W be their own Judges s Lo whether or not they shall particl- | pate fn the punitive war. In sgain oftering this proposal The | Btar points out its obvious advan- {tagee It meets the theory that no | Internationsl difference s justification for war. It meets the theory that no | puper promise e good unless the vio Jator of that promise be Lhreatened with effective punishment. It meets the exigencles of the League und locario Mr. Coolidge is proving a sad surprise to old line statesmen who proceeded confidently on the theory that the citi- zen of the U. 8. A. who would positively refuse a nomination for President is so rare a specimen as to be negligible in political calculation. ———— Although prices have grown higher in many respects of late, some of our statesmen do not think that in a pur- chase of captured ships from Germany that country ought to get the benefit of unduly liberal figures e D'Annunzio’s illness is likely to pre- vent use of his throat for some time. Fortunately he is one of the singers whose best expression is with the pen and not with the voice. e Fortunately for Mr. Dawes there is no longer enough anti-tobacco sentl- ment to cause criticlsm of a man who likes a pipe and does not hesitate to smoke 1t in public. e It s quite evident that Sandino re- gards it as good strategy to take the fullest advantage of any effort at forbearance on the part of superior strength. s Next Summer will be particularly lively. There will not only be the usual big circus, but In addition two mam- moth political conventions. —oe— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Merger. Sald Adam, “Good friend wife and 1 Are owners of the carth; And some accountant, by and by, May show what we are worth.” then grown, While scattering here and there. BSome men are rulers from the throne; Bome from the office chair. As time grows on we strangely feel The great primeval urge As Inclinations we reveal ‘To merge—and yet to merge. Since the worldly wealth has WIII this result in woe or mirth— The answer still is hid-- When some one family owns the earth, As Eve and Adam did? Unreal Luvishness. “Many men are throwing hats into the ring.” “Good hats are worth six or seven dollars,” answered Senator Sorghum. “These are only imaginary. If they were real hats we might not be so reckless.” The Only Politeness. ‘The steward bawls the butler out, | The butler then lifts up & shout That leaves the footman il at ease— | The master murmurs, “If you please.” Sarcasm Suspected. “That radio wnnouncer Is sarcasti- cally polite.” “Why do you think i7" “He ulways says ‘Please stand by.' You know you've got to do so, whether you like or not.” Jud Tunkins says a great man might henent the world 1f he could avert so meny bad imitations, g “I understand you are golog to get u new car' “I have no such intention,” answered Mr. Chuggine. “"Where did you get the tnformation? “From the sslesman who has his eye on you" “It Iy eany 1o speuk wise words,” sald Hi Ho, the wsags of Chinatown. “A parrot can ensily he taught to do 80" Genlu My faith in genlus great and good Occaslonally must velax 1 don’t helteve Johin Milton could Huve fgured out this income tax “A fAyin' machine,” suid Uncle Ehon, 8 kind o' spolled dat song ‘'l Want signatories in that under iU they would buL make & brosder pledge than that yeb made 0 h:u. the peace, vhile re- W Be an Angel' foh me, I's gettin’ my &'piclons hout wings fol human tolks," r ! war-time Government operation. Time was, a few years ago, when the railroads of the United States did not need frcight and passenger solic- itors. They could not eficiently handle the business offered They necded apologists rather than solicitors, and trouble men to adjust the difficulties constantly arising between them and shippes Freight blockades shipments and inefiicient erally created turmoil in th: trans- portation world. During this period, Herbert Hoover has said, exhaustive governmental in- vestigations have revealed that the periodical car shortages and freight blockades cost the shippers of the country each year one-half as much as all the people of the country paid to all the rallroads for all the freight shipped over them. That annual loss to shippers has been estimated at fror one to two billions of dollars. The 10; to the rallroads was even greater. Railroad men say that this condi- tion of affairs was not their fault. The railroads could not help Thelr facilities were not sufficient to handle handle. They could not make them sufficient without huge expenditures, and they could not mak: the expendi- tures without having the moncy to spend. That money had to be earned or borrowed. It could not be earned be- cause freight rates were too low and inadequate cquipment and precluded the handling of a greater volume of business profitably at the prevailing rates. It could not be bor- rowed, because, by reason of insufficient earnings, ralroad securities were stead ily declining in value and investo: would not buy securities that would assure them a fair return on the money. People buy securities onl which they expect to appreciate or re- main at their purchase value and mean- while pay fair interest or dividend rates. They will not buy something they know is going to depreciate rapldly and steadily, with no assurance of regular and attractive returns on the invest- ment. How the Situation Was Changed. 1920, by which Congress returnc rallroads to private management nllh'r Un- der this law the Interstate Commerce Commission was required to fix rates that would enable the raillroads, when honestly, economically and efficiently conducted, to carn a fair return on the value of their property as fixed by the commission, This definite policy of rate-making Investors and made it possible for the rallroads to borrow money at a rate of about three-quarters of a billlon dol- lars annually to be expended in better- ments of varlous kinds. In all than five and a half billlon dollars have gone into tracks, heavier rails, bigg and heavier equipment, improved te minals, and the like, since the transpor- tation act became a law ‘This led to operating economies and efficiencles and the net result of it all has been Increased net earnings for the railronds and what raliroad offictals claim to be the best transportation serv- ice the country has ever known, better than s found anywhere else in the world, and, relatively speaking, at the lowest rates. Now the railroads are able to handle all the business they have and they are in the market for new business All this was pointed out by John J Cornwell, general counsel of the Balti- more & Ohlo Raflroad, to n gathering of traMc men and representatives of shippers In New York, in admonishing them that there was never a perlod in raflroad history when trafie men and a continuance of the eco-operation of shipping Interests were quite so polen- tial or necessary an I the fmmediate present “That puts you ratlrond traffie men on_your toes,” he wald. “You are not at diberty to eut the prices modity, ns salesmen in otl times do. You must ness (hrough and by the the serviee you offer and through your abilities to impress the shipper with the efficlency of the service you are selling You must know the needs of your cus tomers und of the shipping public. You must deal With your customers so as to retain thelr confidence and good wil™ An FEra of Better Relations, When vepresentatives of both 1all- ronds and shippers first came together W diseuss problems and questions in which both sides were futerested, there wia the begluning of a new era, of new relations between the shippers and the publie on the one hand and ths rall roads on the other, sald Mr Cornwell “It was the Armistice day n ratliond transportation history,” he satd. “No formaul lwurn treaty was ever signed, but we might say that by common consent the armistice hun been prolonged Pey Deps 10 15 Loo much o sy that 10 Wi prolonged tndennitely, for T (hink (b vordial relations between shippers aind carviers will continue only so long ae the present high standard of sevvice 15 maintaled " Blippers, especially the large shippors have co-operted W many ways, Mi Oorwell expladied. BhIppers’ adyisory the business they were called upon to ' facilities | Then came the transportation act of | | d the |of the present cordial relations between ©of the men because of the actions with | inspired confidence on the part of the | more | ourds have done excellent work. Cars are loaded morc heavily and more promptly ihan ever before. Freight claim payments, as a resuit of this co- operation, have been eoming down. There are fewer formal complaints and fewer law suits by shippers, and eco- nomic practices have becn established To continue this desirable state of affairs depends largely, said Mr. Corn- well, upon the carriers’ maintaining their present high standard of transpor- tation service, and that means the rail- road properties must be expanded and doveloped to take care of the growing volume of business which on the erage will Increase correspondingly as the country's population increases. Boats, busses and airplanes wiil carry more of this new business. but there will be much more to carry, and it is doubtful whethier the present pereentage of business handled by the ratiroads will be lowered—approximately 88 pe cent of the passenger business and 90 per cent of the freight. Carriers' Present Problem. “So, with an increase of the total volume of the business in the next score of years of 30 or per cent, the problem of the carriers in peak periods can be imagined,” continued Mr. Corn- well. “Far-sighted railroad tions. Preparations are being made to spend hundreds of millions for ealarged | terminal facilities in many large cities. while there is hardly a division terminal on any of the large systems that hLas not become inadsquate and for which plans of enlargement have not been made. Al this new work and much more must be financed, and this can be done only if the rallroads are allowed to carn a feir roturn on the value of the propertics. They cannot earn that fair return if there are to b constant rate reductions Mr. Cornwell warned his hearers that the carriers can hardly expect to fare favorably in any new legisiation Con- gress may enact, and added And I may say' also and finally to you trafic men and & ptatives of great industrial enterp whose big- Iger interests are mutual and identical for the preservation and strengthening sl |shipper and carrier—that the present trend toward governmental encroach- | ment upon the domain of private in- ! dustry warns all industry and all trans- i portation agencies against disputes. | differences and antagonisms of any and | every kind.” B ik Boll Weevil {And Corn Borer Problems | | BY HARDEN COLFAX. | while farm relief legislation to help dispose of surplus crops temains in the | conversational stage, the House this pust week took up the Department of | Agriculture appropriation bill, which | contains substantial ftems for the as- | ststance of farmers, regarding which lij- 1 tle controversy exists. | And to demonstrate their willlngness to function quickly when an arlses, both branches last week rushed through in an authorization to equip a fight against an outbreak of the pink boliworm fn the cotton fields of western Texas If the pink bollworm ever gets a run- awny start throughout the cotton belt there will he no problem of overproduc- enough cotton produced to make cloth for an Infant's jncket But whereas the bollworm eradicated by prompt recognized methods, the waving corn- flelds of the United States appear doomed to a lifelong battle agalnst the European corn borer. The bollworm i3 erndicated by drastie methods which - volve laylng waste the aren in which the pest fs detected 5o far as cotton s concerned, and this Is exactly what will e done In the ur counties of western which the prese The Inseet To eradicate the eorn bovey Pauch means would necessttate making | n desert of an area 1,000 miles long and 200 miles wide, Without crops or vege- tutton of any kind, for this busy little pest prefers cornstalka for hta food, but can live on any one of 200 other plants R Ho far us the corn bor I concerned hope of eradication hay dizappeared un- lean vescurch should develop the unexs picted, wnd the problem haa vesolved teell hto one of control While the corn borer now fufests only five Btates in uprlm'lnhl" numbers, the tme 15 coming When 1t will have spread all over the country. ‘Tha fght will be concentrated on holding down the dam- Commerctal losa does nob begin AN average of five borers wr cornatalk, and there ure few areas o the country where thin condition extaty 10 WHE Tequive constant vigilance hawever, (o provent inoreans above the danger polnt Hoonertously do the Department ot Agrieulture officials regard the corn barer situntion (hat studies are to b made of & progam (e feeding live tock by feada other than corn W (he words of Dy 1 Marlatt Chalnan of the Federal Hortieultural can be application of ecutives | are planning now to meet those condi- of | tlon that season, for there wil not be | in the celeb:ution. The islands were discovered on Janu- ary 18, 78. On January 20, 1778, | Capt. Cook first set foot on land at Waimea, Island of Kaual. Capt. Cook died at Kealakekua Bay. Island of Hawali, February 14, 1779. The sesquicentennial celebration is i scheduled for August 15-19, 1928. The Hawailan Islands | sighted by the ships of the exploring and scientific expediticn under the com- mand of ~apt. James Cook, January 18, 1778. ! making his third voyage of exploration into the Pacific, which had for one of lits special objects the discovery of a always allowed to have its own wa; | | There are any number of these smug creatures sitting around in Washingion | homes, lords and ladies of all they sur- vey, the favorites of the fam'ly, and the aversion of callers. It seems that most friends of a cat| family do not care for cats. There is| always some one to declare that she— | were first | almost always she—simply cannot stand | ¢pesr for ‘em. | “I can tell when one of Them is in the room, even if I don't =se it," she ace. Which, of course, settles it. The cat is always kept down in the ! ,basement when she calls, after that. If' - March 4. 187 For the Eye ask z:;g 'mnttx‘:n of s members to tl me- of Congress.” ORI recented by the Citizens' Committee of One Hun- dred to Congress, setting forth the onerous nature of the burdens resting upon the people of this District, and the urgent necessity of legisiation for relief. The appeal was made to Congress because the Federal Constitu- tion has invested that body with su- preme and exclusive legislative power Capt. Cook was at that lime | will say, with a terribly expressive grim- | this District—with the same dbsolute control and authority as it exercises over the national forts, arsenals, mag- azines and navy yards—and it is, there. northwestern passage which might al-!she could see the royal welcome the fore. to the beneficent exercise of this low of a shorter route from Europe 10 | animal receives, however, the moment plenary authority alone ‘hat the peo- At the time of the discovery of | Asia. Cook, the inhab- | these islands by Capt itants were found to be living in a con- | dition, due to their surroundings and isolation, that can only be described as one equivalent to the stone age in Eu- | rope. They had neither metals, textiles, pottery nor a written language. and the knowledge of Christianity, of course had never been brought to their attel tion. It is possible that their ances- tors had lived on these islands for 1,200 years or more : “"Capt. Cook. after discovering ° the {slands, sailed to the northwest coast of the Ame! n Continent, and to what is now_Ala and in November of the year 1778 returned to the islands with the idea of wintering there. The inci- | dents of the second voyage showed that the Hawaifans looked upon Capt. Cook as the incarnation of their god Lono He and his men were treated with e greatest respect and hospitality, provided | with supplies and food. and liberally | entertained. Finally, on February 4. 11779, after a stay lasting through three months, the ships took their depasture. and all’ would have been well had not {one of the vessels suffered a casualty | when off the northern end of the Island {of Hawall, where the winds blow fre- quently in gusts, approaching | strength, one of the masts was sprun and Capt. Cook decided to return to the Bay of Kealakekua to effect the neces- sary repairs. The third visit did not L turn out so well. Possibly bacause th country had been tmpoverished because |of the lavished gifts bestowed on the visitors, possibly because of the jealousy | ‘the women, the fact remains that the | cordiality which was present on the | previous occasion was lacking. Quarrels | arose; on the night of February 13 a boat belonging to the Discovery that had been left secured astern instead of | being hotsted aboard overnight was | found missing. The natives, covetous {of the fron fastenings which it con- | talned, had taken it and broken it to pleces. Capt. Cook went ashore to see the King and compel the recovery of the boat and intending o bring the King on board his vessel as a hostage. A fight developed and Capt Killed at the water's edge In trying to get back to his boats ——— Board, speaking of spread of the corn borer 1t 15 recognived that local or natural spread through the insects' own activities and i 1t own ways by flight I8 beyond any adequate control, and that all we can do s to Hmit the amount or fntensity of such natural spread [* * ¢ There is no possible means of | eradicating the corn borer. * + * The | ultimate spread of this pest throughout | the United States cannot be prevented | We may delay tt; and that is the whole proposition that we have before us now ~that and studving and developing means of control” N .o ow A year ago Uncle Sam made a sps- elal appropriation of $10,000,000 to com- bat the corn borer, I co-operation with [the five States where infestation was {falrly heavy. A bill for another $10 .- 1000000 15 (0 be prassed this vear, but w difference of opinton has arisen regard- g resumption of the campaign along the lines of last year For control nnd research conneetion With (his mensce corn belt the appropriation bill pending I Congress sets astde $L237.000 in va- fous separate ttems. 1 the $10,000,000 posal comes forward it will bo eparate measure entirely. Under the first $10.000,000 Uncle Sam patd farm- et $4.215.000 s compensation, whi Htates patd additional sums 1 farmers aro compensated this year it will be by Individual States of the corn belt, future Federal legislation is en work in to the u To deal with the pink bollworm prob- the pending b apprepriates LY 00, of which the speetal vesotutton adopted this past week makes $300,000 avallable tmmediately The Federal Qovernment Wil pay farmers up to 3 an acre, but not over ane-thivd of their total loas for ton felds lald waste in the nght, while Texas will pay two- thirds of ‘the compensation Alongalde the bollworm, the ball veevil s almost a thing of joy Yet the weevtl cost Southern tarmers literally hundreds of mithons of dollavs stwee it Immigrated from Mextoo, and the end fnonob yer Ha the appropriation bilt :ml\mrfl SLA0000 for further investiga- o into weer il contral 1E has boen found that while calelum avsenate wil control the weevtl the white chemiea! Attiacts the cotton aphia when spread (hiokly and then nicatine must be ap Plied to ki e tattor past TN Wi Cook was | | the front door is shut on her, she would | wonder a bit. | The ruffled dignity of Tom is soothed | by allowing him to get into the ierv | chair just vacated by the lady. wnich he proceeds to do gingerly, with many suspicious sniffs. . S | The spoiled cat is spoiled, first of all, in relation to his food supply. i He must be fed exactly on the min-| ute. Nor is this all. He demands that hic food be cut up for him. It is all very | well for common cats to be forced to | BNaw on a hunk of beef, but when one | rises in the world to the digaity of a home of one's own, it is only fitting that one’s meal be served properly. { This means that beef, veal and so on | should be cut with a knife to a size | easy of mastication. Most of these | spolled cats demand it pretty small. | Another thing resented by a pam- | pered cat is gristle left on the bits of | meat. No matter how hungry he may | be, he never eats any meat with the slightest plece of gristle adhering to it. | Fat, too, 1s objected to by many. Some old roamer of the alley may be giad enough to get it. fat and all, but vour true house cat dislikes fat, as a' | general rule. The really spoiled cat takes umbrage | at fat. and will not eat it at all. If it requires too much effort to separate the two, he will pass up the entire meal as A SOTTy mess. *xox In its sleeping habits this cat de- mands the best. If it takes a fancy to sleep on the dining room table, well, nothing but the table will do. It either sleeps there, or will sit off and glare reproachfully at its so-called master or mistress So the upshot of the matter usually is that Billy, or Tom, or Tabby. or whatever its name is. is allowed to adorn the table until the morning. Another thing the spoiled cat will not stand for s to be joggled. Of course, most human beings do not like to be joggled, so perhaps one can not blame & cat for the same antipath What joggling & cat dislikes the most is that received after it has snuggled down contentedly on the bed outside the covers. Usually this position is as close to the human sleeper as possible The slightest stir by the latter, or tusging upon the covers, will cause the furry ears of the former to be laid back on the head When the two-legged sleeper rolls ple can look for relief. “The present site of the city of Washington, embracing an area of 7.161 acres, was. on June 29, 1791, con- veyed by Daniel Carroll and others to | the United States in trust, ‘to be laid for a FPederal city. with such streets, squares and 1s and lots as the President of the United States, for the time being. shall approve.” and the further trust that all the streets. together with such squares, parcels and lots as the President should select and reserve for public use, should be ‘held forever, ‘for.thé use of “the Uhited States,” the Government paying for the lands so reserved at. the rate of $65.56 per acre; and the residue of the lots to be fairly and equally divided between the United States and the grantors. “The lands reserved by President Washington under this grant 541 acres; and thus the United States, for the consideration of $35.000. acquired title to 5,633 acres, or nearly 1 ths of the entire area of the {out “It was further provided in these deeds that the moiety of lots donated | to the Government should be sold, and that the proceeds, after payment to the proprietors of the $356.000 due for the reservations, should be held by the United States as a ‘grant of money.’ to be applied toward the erection of public buildings, etc. under the a of Congress of July 16, 1790, for estad- lishing the permanent seat of Govers ment; and it appears that the d de- rived from this gift. notwithstand: its improvident management, paid only the $36.000 due the propriet; but also the cost of erecting the pui buildings prepared for the reception + the Government in 1800, and of th restoration after destruction by th British in the War of 1812, “It is & fact. then. that the pudlic buildings originally provided for of the Government, and the 541 acr of public reservations. now worth fro $25.000000 to $30.000.000, toge with all the streets and avenues of city, were a free gift to the U States from the original proprietors And the title of the Govern as confirmed by the Supreme Co United States. is so complete and ad- ¢ that Cor and eweo alienate any of the and N of lois affected thereby be without redress Even the motety of lots which feil the proprietors in the division of residue adove referred to, was recor veyed to them. sudject to suia regulas tions as might de preseridad by over the spoiled cat will fnstantly jump y Prestdent regard, » Iy fo th y N I regard, not only fo the use up and hop off the bed. in great in- iand improvement of the streets, dignation at being disturbed The spotled cat gets into a dudgeon over shrill noises and will ex- oress his displeasure by various and sundry meows, usually & distinet feltne nexative, “Na!™ by ! | UNITED STATES [ IN WORLD WAR Ten Years dgo Todav | Lot Premier Clemenceau spends day on Anterican front. northwest of Toul, and decorates two licutenants, two ser- Keants and two privates with the Croix de Querre with palm for heroism whichy they displayed in recent German raid i thelr sector. * © ¢ Paris wonders A0 the Qerman offensive has really ' begun Prepanderance of opinton 13 that the peraistent (erman ralds mean an fmminent onslaught with definite objective well concealed * ¢ ¢ The War Department asks Congress for further appropriation of $450,000,000 for Army wireraft program - addition (0 the $640.000.000 now authorised * ¢ % War Department discloses that | A huge ordnance base. eosting move | (han $25,000000 and o employ mare that 16,000 men, iy betng butlt ! | France. * * Riitsh, French and | Hallan - Ambassadors - Tokio, with America aoquiescent, tequest Japan | 10 take (he Necessaty steps (o safes | suard allled intereats in Siberia. Japan ! | WHE oecupy Viadivostok and Russiang | WY Tealst the ineursion. ¢ ¢ % Gen Perahing reparts names of 10 killed | Action, 13 severely wounded and 10 slightly wounded B I B! Juvies Theiv Game, 1 P tha New Vaik Hevald B e people do Nl care whe wake the Taws of the Gouiiey so kg ws they can AN the furies . high | | Also to the ‘materials and manner' of | the butldings to be erected thereon. And { the control of private prope: thus re- pserved was fre exercised by the Qo - ment 11 the early pertod of the eity's 1 history, “The plan of the | Washington, s ¢ { adented magninia | 10 180 feet in width hall its area. and a foundation, and for many vears here- Tafler, 1t was without populatian, o re- sourves of any kind, the tmproveme s streets he building sawers. bridges, et ng the sale care of the Qoverivment T was not antl 1812 Qurporation of Washington and Levy Court he OUntY Wete auth. ted 0 Open And Buprove the stx and roads From ¢ varent tha e (ACts here stated it 8 ap Washinglon was protes by founders for & puielr nal clty, o be governed and frpuoved en- clustrely. by Congress. without regand 1w legal sense, to the votoe or wishes of tts eltisens And although the DROPEIATORS by Congress Inpovements o this Distries never At Al Cumensurate Wit the princely grant under which th Qovernment holds nearty a hundre MEUON of real astate, or with the grgnd desian and expectations of the founde: s Of the Republio and of tts Capital as mantfasted by their early acts, thev Dave At Al times admitted the hatkweal oblgathus and tespansitilities o this | wgand B Not to' Be Watched. » Vranweons 16 the deviakun i Washunghu st | ieenn called B Ay setvice Wil B ve § e Asuance that thay are et da {Watohed by deieetives A8 i they Were {orminal That oughs 1o help W ase VWG desitatle LY inaienial