Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1928, Page 83

" ILLUSTRATED FEATURES " MAGAZINE SECTION he Sunday St | Part 7—8 Pages WASHINGTON, DI 0, SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 4, 1928 FICTION AND | HUMOR “Aunt Sa BY JAMES ) MILLER. N official spokesman represents the Bureau of Home Economics of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. “Aunt Sammy” is her name, and st¢ is getting to be a well known and wel- come radio personality. On an average. five times a weck sh» conducts a series of radio chats from e 80 different radio stations oughout the country. Foods and nu. trition, houschold refrigeration meth ods. clothing and budgets—all thy vital considerations of the really uv- and-coming housewifc are discussed verbally by “Aunt Sammy.” Indeed, she possesses such remark- able zest and facility that one day soon v annex the popularity honors which have attached themselves these many long vears to the person of her official spouse, Uncle Sam by name. Something like four years ago the Bureau of Home Economics came inte being as a bona fide economic unit of the Agriculture Department Four vears is a short space of time, and th new feminine governmental unit hac been handicapped severely, so far. a least. as District affairs are concerne’ by the fact that it is situated at Uni Station Plaza. remote from the cente of Government activities. Yet today the bureau is carrying on as if it hadn’t & care in the world and certainly with no concern about the fact that it i but an infant in the vast and complex machinery of the United States Govern- ment The fact is. the burcau is a regula* boehive for action. Every day hun- dreds of letters must b2 answered, an bulletins sent to housewives from Main- to California, from Florida to Alask2 And, as if that were not enough. tes and economic studies are going on al the while—concerning chemical compo- sition of food materials. food consump- tion habits, housing and equipment suitable designs for children’s clothing improvement of home methods of food preservation and many more of equal importance. The housewife’s thrill that comes more than once in a lifetime is when tiny Johnny, anxious to look spick and span, so as to please his exacting mother, spills shoe blacking on the) parior rug—or when little Mary, mo- | * mentarily away from mamma's watch. ful eye, spreads stove polish on he: nice new frock. Parents ought to know | what to do to remove the ugly stains | and they need a handy source of in- | formation for the purpose. With th kindly aid of the bureau, they need | but to glance at pages 26 and 27 in | +Stain Removal from Fabrics” and in short order the home fires will once again burn brightly and the house will Tegain its neat appearance. * % % % HOW many people really know how o take the guesswork out of roast- ing meats? Practically none. Yet, even the novice at cookery may vie with the experts if she will but use 2 meat thermometer. Thereby she ma- cater to the most exacting needs of he family's palate—whether they wou! have their roast rare, medium or we! done. The trick is to obtain a regulz tion meat thermometer and insert i into the center of the roast just be- fore placing it into the oven. Thus she need worry no more as to whether it will reach the precise stage of “done- ness” she most Then there is the question—alway: present and always perplexing—wha: foods are best for little Johnny an” Mary? Growing fast, and romping about with their playmates, the aver- sge youngsters seemn to be always hungry. not only at mealtimes but in the intervals betwegn them, particu- larly right after school when the youth- ful “enthusiasm is pretty much at its The trouble is that in the past too much emphasis has been placed on what the boys and girls ought not to eat and too little on what they really need. ¥The best procedure to follow. therefore, advise the bureau experts. is that the mother arrange carefully three attractive meals that furnish all the needed substance and something equally palatable to serve between meals. Every family is interested in getting the best possible results from its in- come. Business experience has shown that to do so is necessary in order to make systematic checkups of profits and losses: of poor purchases and suc- cessful ones; o plan shead for expan- sion and to cut down overhead. So i is with mena~ing the family money. It 15 not enough to write down a list of miscellaneous purchases and add them up. For really practical purposes in- formation must be classified under the headings of food, housing, clothing and the rest, and at regular interval the amounts spent under each heading must be scrutinized. But the average housewife is either too busy or is not particularly quali- fied w0 devise a workable budget sys- tem. 80 she will welcome the ne that the bureau has just issued a loose househoid account book devised b Mrs Chearles G. Woodhouse of the economic division. Each group of ex- penditures is kept on a skparale page with concise directions as to what kinds of items should be entered under each head Other features of special interest are forms of yearly estimates of income #né expenditure; @ summary of prop- owned: " and pa for notation® insurence and investments Like here are special forms for the rural homemsker on which o record products furnished by her farm. e- well as supplies preserved and canned et home. The account book, known as tie “Record of Family Expenditures ix availeble ot & nominal fee ¥ x o oa 4 JHOUBEHOLD Refrigeration and Its felation v» Health” is the sub- Ject of an important series of economic Bud scientific investigations now being saucted by the huresu. The study b & co-operative project, financed by local Burcau of Home Economics, Four Years Old, Teaches Important Lessons Relating to Nutrition and Types of Food. Textiles and Clothing, Housing and Equipment—Economic Surveys Are Conducted. fé?erbs of _Butsi% gtf'-}{eglmc Ecowic - ing t.- Runtis {finish. Rig 4 : The Bureaus Educational Exhibit Modern Washing Mac fabric. oug standard gtarch solution. in textile rescarch. e YL 2o Bliage Working out recipes for Aunt Sammy's Radio Listeners. PhotoS. Courlesy Burcau Home Economics . sentatives of the two ugencles In | as the Interests of the fce industry. Dr, | cal study will show the influence n(l temperature on spolage development | and available data showing the relation | country most interested in home | «tion—the Boclety for Electrical | it and the Nutional Associn- tion of Ice Industries, The bodies com- | prise the major manufacturers of both | mechanical and ice refrigerators s well | MODERN ALCHEMY. WP; Liave Jewrned thst the “clements are not the mmutable thing that! o0 years sgo our Lexthooks they were. Bume of the elements been, seen changing by natural proc v something else convered in the laboratory It now e theory that elements differ from one another unly in the arrange- pent of the cleetrons that form Alu wumns 0 Which Uiy are com 4l every €lement may oo it anelling el b Germsn, Mie the effect of vioiet e Guartz Jamp 1ull of mercary vapor, di covered thst pure goid wis being de poasied iy the Lubes of his epparatis Rueidon of New York University ba ade further IDWTestng experiments slong Uids line. The theory that sn electiie current of & certain voltage and cuiperage will Cerack” Ahe wtoms of guickeilver that sre in ufercury vapor, knock off the elghtierh electron — wiich is sl st differentintes quickelver from gold—wnd lewve wwoms with w plunetury wystem of 79 electrone, tiat i swms of pure ruM Bince quicke)) ser i worth & doller pound and gold is worth 8248 & Uoy pound, e procens 31 succossful sng nol oo exjensive ehould produce gold s, & moderate | Theve wre enthusiast men of Siave v alicany sce gold repleoing | copper i making stills, cooking uten- | sils, engineenng nstruments and tel graph wires. Whal would be the result | of such u discovery on the financia of the world no chemist cares | L The hnanclers may have & on the subject, but ns yet wlehiemical gold Lias so 1ong mere delurion that no one Gutsiae the laboratories hns yeu got his | ming adjusted Lo the ddes that U may | ponnible shiall know before long whether i Miethe found b itz bamp wnd the gold tht Bheldon trylug W produce were veally pro- by electricity aeting on quick- sver vapor, and, 1f so, whether gold can thts be misde 1 wmounts large enough W be of practical value. Meanwhile, we should perbinps do the old alchemists of the Middle Ages the Justice to re- nember that they were far from being fooks, They never found the “philos- opher’s stne,” but they Knew more ahout matter than thousands of the sell-ratisfied moderns who used Lo luugh at them, and thielr enger exertions wnd rcless experiments in sesrch of ¥old Ja1d the foundations of the sclence of chemistry, which, during the nin teenth and twentieth centuries, has Phayed p5 extraordingry & part i trans- forming the social industrisl snd inte) - Foetual habits of the race, * 6 ftanley, head of the bureau, points out that the average housewife understands |in a general way the value of refrigera- tion, but she is unfamillar with the actual facts as to how to obtain re- trigeration most economically under given conditions, Concerning the hox, | ire and mechanical units she knows | little. “The survey proposes to study just ! what refrigeration will do, what it costs and the value of malntaining certain low temperatures. ‘The housewife her- self will help in the collection of the facts. A questionnaire 5 being sent to users of refrigevation of all kinds. “Vurious statements are made,” Dr Blanley explains, “concerning the most desiruble temperatures for home e frigerators, We propose to collect pre clse Information on this question. What 15 the 1deal Lemperature range for home refrigerator, permitling & reason- able margin of safety for a reasonabl length of tme? ‘The development of bacteria, drying out of food, changes in physical appearance and changes or loss in flavor, will be studled as meansures of deterloration “With the mechanical units now in use, the housewife wants Lo know about joe cubes, the cost of freexing and the tme required. Many hold the erroneous lmmtu!uu that the cubes nbsorb flavors, Others want to know If they grow stale Af held too long I the truys, and how hest to prepare frozen denserts in mechanical freezers “Last, but not least, 1s the relation of household refrigeration to health, ‘To- duy the Importance of careful handling of food s recognized s never before Low temperature s an lmportant ele- ment in this respect. Blight traces of spollage not_ perceptible Lo taste may cause much dimeulty, The breteriologh of such spolluge to health will be sum- marized.” “Keep your home in order,” says the Good Book. Buch certainly s slogan of the bureau. at moderate cost.” For some years Dr Btanley has been on the advisory com- mittee” of Better Homes I America and sizing up « house plan 1s well nigh “ matter of necond nature to he Hearken o her * of House Planning L. Plan the house meet the ne of the peaple who are (o live He sure (he exterfor destgn fits the slte and consider the placement of ooms ws regards sunshine and pre- valling winds 2 Give careful thought (o the ar- rangement of rooms i the three chief arcas of living, sleeping and work Make these groups convenlent in them- selves wnd to each other 3. Meusure large ploces of fuiniture and plan the rooms to AL them 4. Be sure the living room I8 large, light and alry, 1f necessary, sacrifice the aize of the dinlig room (o make a lurige lving room. Or have only a dining alcove, or make a combination Itving_room snd dining room. b, Hee that the kitchen Is as com- puet ws possible with equipment vet at comfortuble helght lll(‘ grouped Into well lighted, well ventilated centers for the varlous jobs. A pass closet or cabl- net for ching, sllver and table linen butlt fnto the wall between the dining room or alcove and the kitehen s o greal convenience. 6. Insist on light, air and privacy for the bedrooms, Have clothes olosets wide enough for & pole and hangers, the ! To iU might be | udded the phruse, “With convenlence |, | pyeudo- v Commandments { e In | und AL | quit the | - | Studying vitamin content of foods b Yucuns of laporatory. rats. ¥ the quesswork out mqof mgat cookery-~ with the mea) thermometer = ceaces to be a burden anned kitchen. Even dish wa,shirui “p in a wefl | their sensible application. Yet there | are certain basic ways in which Mrs | Modern Housewite falls by the wayside and it 1s the avowed and earnest purs pose of the bureau to set her aright She 18 not always sure, for istance, whether she ought to do her washing and froning in & room apart from her normal housewifely functions, nor does !ahe invariably have the facilities for SUCh separate quarters. However, she ix advised by all means to provide for them because the adors and steam from laundry work are disagreeable in Kitehen and the bhandling of sotted clothing I any toom i which food [is prepared is highly objectionable. n shallow cubby-hole or | they most conversant with the and efMcient methods. fall down woefully and matter of considering ave fully modern they actually often in the | fundamentals ‘Take note of these general rules for 7. Mave a good central heating sys- tem plus the beauty and cheer of an open fireplace. 8. By all means bulld & good slecp- oh, fitted With windows or can- | casy cleaning taina to keep out raln and snow | 1. Keep dirt out of the house regu- cened against flos and mos- | larly and often Toad, overhanging eaves lend | 2. Lessen the number of dust-collect= rotect against wind, | ing \!hu-\ SUCh 0S UNNecessAtY eups Lourds, floors with cracks, rough-fin- ished walls, superfluous. draperies and | bric-a-brac 3. Clean not by van privac weatl 0. Keep the bathroom small so there will be shight floor and wall space to clean. 1 possible have & bullt-in tub which leaves no portions of wall and floor hard to rench for cleantng ehewhere 10, Provide halls from room to room | 4 Do heavy cleantng o little at a the to by taking seattering it dirt away, settle wgain #0 #n 1o Insure privacy, but make them | Hme o avold the hard work and dis- | What stee laundry is most destrable small - they need oceupy only a smatl | ©omforts of the old fashioned Spring | What kind of floor matertal should be proportion of the total floor space and Fall housecleantng (purchased? Modern methods for care » gy {8 Have a supply of good oleantng | of tubs, washboards and wringers—all * | ols and keep them I a conventent | these questions are uppermost every JJOUBKCLEANING han loug been uh:;-(-” X s i | day - thousands of American house- regarded s bug-bear i the | 5o water and other cleansing | holds. Then there 15 the problem of e et 4" e gents aparingly because they' (end (0 | the most helpful washing devices. fn= majority of households. !l heedspotl finishes and - weaken wlue, paste | gentous, deed, are the {lh‘nl that are not be. If the work ds carefully | and cement. advocated by the burean One is & planned, I the kind of furnlahings ave | 7. Wateh sharp for troublesame in- | perforated funnel made to fit o & chosen and handled i the vight way, | sects and animals and take prompt | wash boller. It works on the same and 1t provision 18 made for keephng | measures to vid the house of them. principle as & coftee percalator and out all the dirt possible, there will bo | 8. Make all the family co-operate by [ materially increases the ciroulation of no need for the upheavals that cause | leaving lhlnha where they be\uul and | water through the clothes. The fun. discomfort to the entire household, | In ‘m\d condition, nelon-a-stick typs of washer, which Moreaver, this syatematie cleaning savea | Home laundering nowadays s m\ltwu the forerunner of the modern Jabor i the end and 1s economioal of | mevely a matter of seelng that hubby's | vaouum-cup type, makes 1t possible to the matertals wsed o the furnishing | shirts attaln & anowy-white luxter and | wash extremely dirty or infected eloth- and care of the hous hindor's Kiddio-suita vie I spotlessness | ing without lnunersing the hands. The One curfous polnt about houssolean- | with those of the Joneses. n\- & aclen- [atiek also can be wsed to Lift the wet ng s that wherens most women belleve * tifie study of seleotion of materials and | clothes from the botler to the tul &l mmy~’ Advises Thousands of American Housewives thougn a smooth broom-stick is per- haps equally satisfactory. Even the selection of good leundry soap and the proper use of starch are discussed by the bureau's experts for the edification of the housewife. PE e 'WENTY-FIVE or more different kinds of cotton fabrics suitable for s are piled high on s s. and_women are a and fancy weaves, dull and shiny finishes and dyes of all the colors of the rainbow, not to mention white, which always holds its own under any amount of sun and tubbing. On t! me or nearby counters are from 10 to 15 other kinds of cotton goods, satisfactory for under- ily, and cottons also predominate ameng the household fabries. Cotton i our leading household fab- ric. More than eight billion square | yarde of cotton goods are manufac- d fn America annually. | homemaker in buying | textiles the bureau has itin telling how to disting | from other fi and how to detect adulteration. The cuestion of how to blonses is dis lv intormative | bell, assistant s tiles and clothi: No doubt every woman has had difficul ty at some time or other with the fit a garment T she made it her- <, hired a dressmaker for t! or purchased it alreadv made. of fitting garments pl dollar value and loss an imoertant part o £8.000,0G0.000 2nnual cl i Unele Sam No one s9 far has esti- mated this one item. but the increased va'u2 of labor and materials is forcing it to everybody’s attention. Recent sur- veys show that women who do t own sewing have more trouble with al- | tering patterns and fitting garments | than with any other part of garment ronstruction. The time wasted In af temnts 1o solve the<e problems has great ~~orcmic value. There is economic loss, rthermore. if full return is not obtain- from the materials satisfaction mav fitted garment that it soon is cast asi or is not worn at all. Consider, then. that these manifcld and important activities of the bureau are accomplished with a staff of some 25 home economirs specialists, each thoroughly grounded in her particular fleld. Dr. Louise Stanley. chief of the hureau, is herself a doctor of philosophy ‘n human nutrition. and prior to com- ing to Washington had entire charge of | the home economics division of the University of Missouri. Preparing Coffee Bean. FFEE beans. al the time of their importation. are already “shelled.” but the “pergomena” cr silvery skin is still adhering to the bean and. before {the beans can be prepared for the roaster, it is necessary that this skin | shall be removed. Into a_hopper in the floor a bag or more coffce beans is emptied. Then | they are carried up in small quanti- | ties on a bucket-elevator and dumped | into another bopper, in which they are | given a thorough shaking. This is | called “milling the beans.” The ker- i nels roll out over a sieve about 20 inches in width and three feet in depth. When they have been shaken and rlled the length of this sieve there is to be found no particle of for- eign matter clinging to the bean. The refuse from this operation—the dirt, stones, dried leaves, bits of hemp. etc.—is cast to one side. while the bean, clean, falls into still another hopper. preparatory to being run through the “separator.” This consists of a series of sieves of different sizes. It divides the kernels into lots accord- ing to size—large, medium, small, fiat and peaberry | Now the beans are ready for the roasters. These huge devices, operated by electricity, show a long row of circular gas jets on the inside of the cylinder. The cutside of such a re- volving cylinder is crossed with raised | metal fences, placed zigzag. so that, as they turn, the coffee beans roll down from one and fall against another sup- port that keeps them co: motion, thus preventing unequal roasting of the beans. | Roughly speaking. each roaster will work upon 400 pounds of coffee beans at a time. About 35 minutes or half an hour is required to “pull” a roast of this quantity. The whirling of the cylinder is most regular and a uniform tempera- ture is maintained during & roast in order to get the best results. When the roasting is fipished the heat is turned off, and the beans are poured into large, square cooling vats having wire nettings laid across a few inches from the bottom. The roast lies in the vat about six inches deep. and. under the net tray. a suction mach draws away the heat, a process th vrevents “sweating." large quantity of coffee beans allowed to lie In a lump and to cool dy nat- ural methods the inner beans would re- tain the heat much longer than the others, with the result that they would sweat, producing & ruinous effect upon the coffee Everv variety of coffee bean must be stven fts spectal roast, careful attention in this respect being given to the tastes of varfous customers. Fuor instande, the French prefer their coffee roasted very dark. so that it is quite heavy. while ir tha United States, particularly in the East, paople have a fancy for coffee that is just about “done.” Binocular Magnifier. 'l‘NKRN IS now I use a binocy magnifler which enables men (sclence to make minute examinal of objects with a low magnifteation, enjoy the advantages of the both eyes simultaneousty, thu ing the general defint the observer to view th | with natural perspective. i With the older form magnifiers. this o on was st sigh fof and consequ he depth of deft 'nitlon and true spective are largely impatred with these constructions T overcome this there have been arvangsd ftwo rhombohedric prisms - order reduce the distance between the apt faxes on the wbiect s that bath within comparat angles. The er I8 b by an adiustadle elastic haadband o & fiber ane it preferved The evepiece caps are of hand rudder dapad to At suugly over the adges of th orhit, but allowing sufficient space for the fnsertion of anrtective glasses it re- quired for astigmatic eves Proviston 5 made for ventiation o prevent the | decumutatin of madsture upon the sur- faces of the lens In addition, there A apertures 1 the hwer part of cach leyepiece through which o observer fmay locate or plok up toals ar wnsira- ments of which use s belug made. For the exanunation of deep cavities ot dark, uneven specimens. an tlluminat. g u\:\lum\‘ may be fAtted o Ahe | hinocular meguitier of bing . . The popuiation status of a country oan be Kept up anly it an average of three (0 four ehildren are barn i sach (LY