Evening Star Newspaper, August 14, 1927, Page 61

" MACHINE SOLVES HEREDITY PROBLEM Agriculture Expert Makes De- vice to Work Out Difficult Formulae. A mechanical brain which works out without the aid of human intelli- gence the complicated mathematical formulae of the science of heredity, usually so involved that they can be solved only by persons with special training, has just been constructed at the Department of Agriculture. This _contrivance, the invention of R. R. Graves of the Bureau of Dairy Industry, looks and works like a Zambling machine. It might be called Fate's roulette wheel. It is actually a demonstration of those laws of chance by which are deter- mined what sort of men and women result from definite types of It can be demonstrated by mathe- matics, Mr. ‘aves explained, how a feeble-minded child could be born, ac- cording to the laws of heredity, when both the parents and the four grand- parents were entively normal. But these mathematics are difficult to follow on paper, and such an incident is usually interpreted by recourse to the supernatural and presuming a curse of God, or something of the sort. The machine makes clear how such a thing could happen. It is a translation of mathematics into ma- chiner Used for Demonstrations, The purpose of the machine is for use in demonstration work. It deals only with three generations, and for the experienced mathematician it would be much more expedient to ar- rive at his conclusions on paper. Eventually, however, it is expected to improve and cheapen the mechanism 80 that it can be used extensively by rounl_\-_ agents and others who are preaching to farmers the gospel of pure stock. It will enable the farmer to see just what can happen. The machine is constructed on the basis of the Mendelian law of heredity which is the fundamental principle for 21l workers in the science of eugenics. It is intended primarily to work -out problems in the heredity of dairy cat- tle, but it is justias applicable to human beings. Mr. Graves constructed the machine on the principle that certain qualities, both physical and mental, pass from parents to offspring according to a definite law. Some of these qualities, such as color of the eyes, are simple characteristics—that is, they are units in themselves and are passed along as units. Others, such as physical strength, are complex characters de; pending on the transmission of com- binations of units. Four Grandparents Assumed. Tn his edmonstration of the machine as applied to three generations of a human family, Mr. Graves first as sumed four hypothetical grandparents with certain known characteristics. These four grandparents are repre- sented by four rows of cups arranged in a vertical line, each row consisting of four cups. Small balls of different PARIS STREET LINED WITH CUBIST HOMES Houses of - Unusual Architectural Design Take ?lioe: in Resi- dential Area. B the Associated Pres PARIS, August 13.—Modern cubist houses line one little street in Paris. This art revolution has been marked by formal dedication of the lane as “rue Mallet Stevens,” the name of the drchitect who built the homes. The new houses, only a dozen of them, are in Passy, the good residen- tial quarrer. They stand out like lighthouses among the ancient, class- jc chateau-like homes of the rich and aristocratic around them. The young art world here is ex- cited in its praise. Some of the more conservative lament the era of geom- etry in art but are not surprised that people rushed to rent or buy the places. Cubes are the keynote of the houses. They are t of reinforced concrete, lined with hollow tile. Parts of the second and third stofies are set back in terraces. The lines are broken by balconies, covered re- cesses and windows of unusual d- mensions. . STYLES IN D0GS CHANGE. Fashion's Decree and Crowded Apartments Are the Caust From the New York Herald-Tribun The crowding into modern apart- ments has contributed to the changing of styles in dogs. Many of the terriers are relative | newcom It was not so many years ago that the wire-haired fox terrier, now most popular of them all, | was regarded as a freak. Yet there is no finer dog than this same wire- haired chap, and the layman as well 2s the dog fancier owes a debt to the fashion that led to the cultivation in- stead of the discarding of these wire- coated dogs. None of them is more striking, how ever. than, that of the cocky little | terrier that went out to France in| 1915 as the pet of a British officer. | He stuck to his master through thick | and thin. He chased rats in the trenches, jealously guarded his mas-| ter's propert; and went with him | “over the top” on the day that a bursting shell destroyed the man’s | ayesight, Not taken in the ambulance. | he succceded in finding his way back 10 the hospital and reaching his mas- | ter. Very recently the schnauzer has be ' gun to attract attention. Fashion has | taken him up and in so doing has | given us a mew and valuable canine | friend. The schnauzer is not a new | breed. For years it has been the terrier of Germany, the popular dc on the farm. It trots to market under the farmer’s wagon and watches while the man does his marketing The springer spaniel is breed recently popularized by style, | and yvet mo finer all-around hunting { dog exists, It was well known in some sections of England and its sterling qualities fully recognized. but it was not until some of our better type | | another colors are used denote characters. The characters chosen were: Dark and blue eyes, black and red hair, | normal mindedness and feeble minded ness, musical ability and lack musical ability. I contrast to h colors. For the hair col instance, there arve eight of these, selected ent the four rows. Then the same proce other characteristics. At the end of this Graves had for his demonst cestors the following individuals: First_grandparent — Red hair. In the chance distribu- tion such as would occur in natu he had dropped two red balls into the cup which he used to indicate hair color. Dark e: process Mr. s. but with a reces: character. He had dropped into this cup a black and a blue ball, but it has been determined experimentall that when there is a choice of transt mitting to offspring either black or blue in eye color, the black alway transmitted, so the eyes of the de- scendant, so far as this grandparent was concerned, would be black. Normal Mind Dominant. Normal mind. Both balls dropped into this cup were of the color se- lected to represent normal If they had been divided the normality would have been dominant. but there would ness, which might have appeared in the grandchildren. No musical ability, but a recessive therefor. Musical ability is not doni- nant character, and when there is a e blue | have been a recessive feeble minded- | R. R. Graves of the Bureau of Dairy for automatically working out the heredity traits of cattle. The these | ch of | sical y. is | char represented by two balls of «Ixfl'x-u\n:‘ [wi vl ) | ness rec | are dropped into one cup in each of [ with a rece s | with a r is repeated in other cups for the three | and musical al rtion an- | used | { the v | sented b i& | connected with them by an intr | balls Industry, Department of nltur re, with the machine he has perfected 150 be applied to humans and plants. ce nature always selects the of S Dark hair, o rent- minded ond grandy cyes, nori ve to fesble mindedness; no mu ability, but _with a recessive cter to that effect. iivd grandparent—Dark hair, but th # recossive to red; blue eyes. nor- nal minded, but with’ feeble minded- essive; no musical ability, Fourth grandparent—I hair, but ive to red; dark eves, but e to blue; normal mind hility. In making up the thexe grandparents rece cess characters balls have been The possibilitics are any com bination of 32 in the regroupins which is the next step. Each of the four grandparents will transmit either dark or red hair, dark or blue eye: ality of feeble mindedness, musi ability or no musical ability. Laws of Chance Decide. Next in the ladder of heredity come two parents. These are repri two rows of four cups, each arranged in a vertical line, about a foot below the grandparent eups, and cate of chutes, through ecach of which one 1 will fall: A crank is turned, and, purely hy the laws of chance, hall is released from ch of the grandparent cups and falls into the parent cups. The two parents, it was found when this regrouping had been made, were represented by 16 nd were as follows: Parent one. the child of grand- parents one and two—Dark hair, dark eyes, normal mind, but with recessive feeble mindadness, musical ability. This arrived at as follows: Grand- parent one had transmitted red halr, blue eves, normality and musical abi i ndparent two had transmitted em lack | but with a | of | dark hair, dark eyes, feeble mindedness musical ability In the child, | however, since there was a _choice, red | hair, feeble mindedness and_blue eyes | were recessives, and hence did not ap- pear in the physical makeup of the individual. But one characteristic, lack of musical ability, has dropped out of the picture entively, so far as this branch of the family is concerned. This individual can transmit nothing else® Parent two: child of grandparents thiee and four—Dark hair, blue eyes, normal mindedness, no musical abil: ity but with a recession toward it. indparent three had transmitted dark hair, blue eyes, feeble mindedness ind lack of musical ability. Grand- parvent four had transmitted red’hair. blue eyes, normal mind and musical ability. Certain Tralts Wiped Out. The third generation is represented | by a_single row of four cups about a foot below the two rows representing | | the parents and connected to them hy the sime ingenious chute arrange- ment. The crank is turned again and the balls fall The result, the single individual representing the third generation of this famil®—Dark hair, dark eyes, but with a_recessive for blue, normality but with a recessive for feeble minded- ness and musical ability. Fecble mindedness and blue eyes, recessive in this family for three generations, still are running in the blood and are only awaiting a favor- able opportunity to crop out On the other hand, so far as this individual is concerned, he can transmit nothing ! but dark hair and musical abilit Red hair and lack of musical ability have been wiped entirely, out of the hloodstrain. | ana | | URTHER argument wis stoppe attired in a house dress. Abie showed Isaac the Christmas tree, which glittered in the corner. “I trimmed it all myself,” serted proudly. he as. eat,” Rose-M telling M Cohen. to. prepare dishes?" vy was all kinds of Kosher The hall door slowly opened and i She sniffled the air and, exclaiming, sportsmen and sportswomen began to take them up that they were given | classification at shows. There is no gainsaying that has played a big part in the v and unmaking of many breeds good varieties have suffered, Prayed for a Rest. From Harper's The story goes that several college presidents were discussing what they would do after they retired. would they be fit for was the question. “Well,” said one of them, “I don't know that I'd be fit for anything, but I know what 1'd like to do. I'd like to be superintendent of an orphan asylum so I'd never get any letter from par- ents.” shion | king ome | I've & much better ambition,” ex- claimed anotler. “T want to be war- den of a penitentiary. The alumni neves come back to visit.” What | hurried toward the kitcl “Gee, I must see about in the oven!” “‘Abie, did she say Isaac Cohen. The eager. admonished Mrs ‘You dunt eat hem it, vonce mama my ham— it hem?” asked litle jeweler’: “Ing Cohen, | glaring. % {7 1 tasted ! voud like jd.” | Mrs. Cohen turned to Abi | fem ain'd Kosher food, Ab | said in a mildly accusing way ‘I know it isn't,” suld Abie. “The | ham is for Rose-Mary and her friends. | The Kosher food is for me and my | triends. “I hope Rosie ain'd god too many friends!” said Isaac. “Isaac! Zits!" scolded M Just then the door bell rang. answered it. lie had another sur- prise when he opened the door, for there on the threshold stood none You Cohen. Abie’s Iris s T By e Nichals al by the entrance of Rose-Mary, | [ simple gingham | never was so glad to see any one in Mrs. Cohen rushed | my life! to kiss her, and as they talked| “Do you know I've learned| “You know the Cohen: Abie | h Rose ful, ruddy face wreathed in its per- ennial smile. “Father Whalen:” cried Abie, “I How have you been?” Splendid, thank you,” sald Father Whelan, taking off his coat and hat, “and how is the good wife?” “Splendid, too.” “And the family Dr. Samuels wrote “I have something awfully good to | me about” “Wonderfu! Abie added quickly. “Of coise he does!” Isaac Cohen advanced, holding out i Murphy, his arms full of packages, oed in. 1 friendly hand. ather! Abie rushed to the kitchen to get Mary, while the two men shook “Merry Christmas, o in't tell Rose who her visitor was and was as surprised as he | had been SOh, I h believe e exclaim “I can my cyes! Is it really sure is eaiching he ither he answer- ms. . have you sel s tone w ud- as a fiddle.” send me word—his asked, a hit wist- ot by me—but I imagine he would have liked to,’ answered Father Whaleng and he patted Rose-Mary's arm as e saw the look of disappoint- other than Father Whalen, his cheer- | ment en her face. “Don’t you care, dear,” encouraged Abie. “You should worry about your old fathar!” “But 1 do care, “He’'s my father. “Vell, dod ain'd your fault,” said Isanc. Mrs. Cohen squelched him with a look. At Rose-Mary's invitation Father ‘Whalen went into the bedroom to look at Abie’s family, Rose-Mary ac- companied the priest, admonishing him with raised forefinger: “Don't make any noise—young babies sleep almost all the time.” “I won" he promised. stepping ginzerly across the threshold. Rose-Mary paused to look back. “Mrs. Cohen!” she called. “Would | ou mind looking at my ham, to ree t it doesn’t burn?" Then very softly she closed the door behind her. Mrs. Cohen turned to her husband in amazement. “Took at a hem?” she repeated, thunderstruck. “I nefer looked at a hem in my life Both Abie and Tsaac smiled. ‘hy nod hegin now, mama—it won't bite you?” said Isaac gleefully. Mrs. Cohen shook her head. Then as Abie and Isaac both voluntered to tend to it, she rose. “I'll do id. I might as vell.” But Isaac wouldn't let her go alone. “I'll_ go along with you,” he said. “1'll feel better, watching her. I don’d_trust mama with pork.” And they went out together. Rose-Mary opened the bedroom door A came out with Father Whalen. You'll excuse me while I step into the Kkitchen?” she said to the priest. " she said stoutly. i t | commanding, commanding officer.of the 313th Fleld Artillery, this local Field Artillery Re. serve regiment will undergo active duty training at Fort Hoyle, Md. heginning today and concluding August 28, This vegiment _will be attached to the 6th Field _ Artillery, Lieut. Col. Augus: tine Mclntyre n regular unit, for training, and the 10 teserve of- ficers undergoing this instruction will be assigned to that regiment ropriate to their and will in that capacity under the supervision of Col. Le Roy Herron. Hoyle. It Is interesting to note in this connection that in ordering out as a unit, the 313th Regiment, being an inactive regiment, will probahly have more officers attached to the 314th Field Artillery, a Virginia Re. serve Regiment, and whose vear it is | to attend camp (the 313th trained as a unit at Fort Hoyle last year), than the 314th itself. Col. Herron will be in command of the combined. 313th and 314th Regiments. Local reservists who will attend the Hoyle Camp and who may desire amiliarize themselves with the im- portant subjects to be taken up dur- ing the encampment should read the following regulations: Equitation, A. R. (Army Regulations), 50-45; Review lations), 4308 Ammunition tillery Driver, tillery Firing, Commands. Practice, T. 480-70 70; Terrain Blackboard Firing. T. R.. 430 Reconnoissance and _Occupation of Position by Battery, T. R., 430-15; Use of Maps in Firing and Location of Base Plece, T. R 0; Computa- tion of Fising Da and Alming Circle, Headed by Col. Le Roy W. Herron, | in Meeting Engagement (Reserve of- | n the regular officers stationed at Fort | bat Orders, T. R.. 43010 and Occupation of Position hy Battery Father Whalen nodded. “I will. Tve a little Christmas | present for you, when you get back, | ] | You have? Where is it?” smiled | hostess, | show you, later,” chuckled ) caught Abie's hand and | inother gay apology dragged ! him into the kitchen, to see what the | C‘ohens were doing with the ham. They had_hardly left the room he- ore the Rall door slowly opened and | | Patrick Murphy. his arms full of nackages, tiptoed in. w—Solomon ticks to His Greeting Cards. Few persons realize the magnitude of the industry that supplies American people with its gre rds. The greeting-card industr spite of its phenomenal growth and undeniable importance, still exists in | the popular mind as “something to do with pos 4 But in one year more than $60,000,- spent_for greeting cards in One company alone lists h0 v eties of ca the cards las ses were written. The greeting-card industry the cream of the best paper mills in | this country, and is the largest import- | er of the finest handmade papers #rom | I over the world. It is the greeting- ard _industry that has raised the standard of American printing ‘and | plate making until they no longer | need bow even to Leipzig and Munich | tradtion: 1 000 was this count io | Seeds from Canadian trees are being | gathered and sent to England for re- ! X he | | | I/ - MOTOR CO. Conveniently Located on Fourteenth Street 1333-37 14th St. Main 5780 . | n commandy. T. R., 430-1 In| gram of trainin fice rounding out the pr a maneuver to be planned and con- ducted by Reserve offic invalving an occupation of position and displace- ment forward. will be held. A practice h will also be held, which will a tactical situation. a recon- | nee and occupation of positions, | and oceupation of camp sit road digcipline, defilade and camog: | flage. This maneuver will he ¢ ducted by the Reserve officers ed by corresponding Regular officers | when necessary. Tectures will be | given at various times throughout | the training period, and a mounted vegimental review and inspection, with Reserve officers in command, | willconclude ning. Following % th erve officers | involve nolss: selectio list of Washing who will under aining: Col. Leroy W. nding officer; M anding the battalion head- nd Headquarters Battery; | ederick regimental | command- | Ladson, | comman Herbert | Borchardt, regimental communications | r; KFrank W. McCarthy, command- | First Lieuts. Robert 3 Theodore . Watts, Jessie Porter and William Bar ond Lieuts. William S. Brady Bradshaw, Robert B. Riordan Louis G. Carmack, Walter K. Jone Alexander 1. Craighill. Elbert Proctor, James R. Craighill, jr., and | Francis M. McConihe. | Locak Reserve headquarters an- nounced last week the following | nges in the assignments affecting | erve officers residing in Washi ton: Capt. Edward V. Heiskell, ¥ Artillery Reserve, is relieved from signment to the 80th Divis Henry Oshorne, and Arthur Sk ton | g0 | Capts. adjutant A. ssigned to feut. William | tive Reserve, is assigned to the 18th General Hospi- tal. zone of communication, in the of mess offivc ma Licut. Lewis, Quartermaster Re. serve, having moved to the 5th Corps eved from assignment to vy Unit, zone ! OLDSMOBILE | from the 1927 active duty |2 w. |ty o FRANCE TO RAISE BARS of communication; ond Lieut. | Gaudioso P, Palomar. Infantry Re- 8¢ having moved to the 1st Corps | Area, is relieved from assignment to | IN LEGION OF HONOR RANK the 19th Tank Battalion (b First P— ; - eonard. Medical| gygden Promotions Are Banned by New Legislation Framing relieved from assign- | 4th Medical Resiment, | Regulations. Second Lieut. Henry H.| oast Artillery Reserve, ix 1 to the trict; Maj. Charles C. neer Reserve, having been t to the Auxiliary Reserv attachment to the ingineer Headaguarters. The follow. ing’ second lieutenants of the Air Corps Reserve are assigned to the S0th Division: Earl C. Arquet, in H Blalock. John W. Butch: in, Stanley irotz, Childress §. Heyser, Charle ment to the ith By tie Assaciated Press PARIS, August 13.—There’ will be no more sudden promotions in the French Le®ion of Honor Alk those receiving the ribbon must start hereafter chevalier, the grade. The new lations are em- bodied in a bill passed by hoth the Senate and Chamber of Deputies Under the new regulations, 19 years must elapse between appointment as | chevalier and achievement of the nd cross. the highest honor the legion holds. The, grade of officer can | rot be attained before eight years as chevalier. Ovly those who have been jofficers for five years can he made commande Grand officers must {have been commanders for three vears. To be eligible for the grahd cross, Lhre vears as a grand officer will he neces: gi- is relieved 13th Corps coveted red 1S lowest Nelson Rockwell, Daw: Jeffery n and ] C. Hilder, Enginee tached to the 0th Division truction i Maj. Leslie T. Rusn Re- serve. fs assigned to the 41st General Hospital, zone of communication. as | ssistant chief of Medical Service t Lieut, Joseph H. R 1ssign Division; Firs Albert M. Young, Ordnance Reserve, is assigned to th 524 Ordnance C‘o. (amununition); Sec ond Lieut. Hen; V. Williams, Signal Re: i igned to the Cavals Second 1 John . Air Reserve, is assizned to the 80th Division; Second Lieut. Darwin J. De Golia, Field Artille <e for in W. Browne. Second Lieut. Chaun: Parker, Infantry Reserve. is assigne | to 430th Infantry: Second Lieut. Rice ard C. Turner, Infantry Reserve. hav | ing moved to the 2d Corps Avea. i: relieved from assignment to the 425th s ‘ Infantr The following Reserve officers are : F | ordered to 14 da ctive duty in is assigned to the 80th Divis Washington, at the places and on the ond Lieut. Arthur W. Griffith, Caval- | dates indicated: Capt. Samuel LeR : , is assigned to the 62d |Smith, Engineer Reserve, to engineer Cavalry Division; Second Lieuts. | reproduction plant. Washington F George E. Morris. jr.; Constant South- effective September 13: Lieut. worth, Raymond E. Winston, all Coast | rnelius Be Engineer Re Artillery Reserve, are asigned to the | serve, to office chief of engineers, of- 3d ¢ District. The fol- | fective August 14: Maj. George L. Mil- lowing sec ants ave assigned | ler. Field Artillery Reserve, is detailed ~ the arl 1s 4 member of the War Department Thomas C. | general staff, for a period not less nd | th August 15 L. Car| . Oliver W. Wilson THE UNIVERSAL CAR SALES & SERVICE | HANDLEY 3730 Georgia Ave. ABLE_RINS RUNDLETT RIM & WHEEL CO. 1336 11th St. N.W. ANNOUNCES NEW BEAUTY NEW COLORS NEW LUXURY DF INTERIORS AT NEW LOWER PRICES 'S TWO-DOOR SEDAN ] BODY BY FISHER 9 F.O.B.LANSING Come and see the new styling, new colors, new upholstery, new details of trimming and finish— Now glorifying the car for the American family! | Come and see this showing, all the models, all the colors, all the interior treatments. Here is modish beauty as satisfying as the additional qualities of performance and - endurance that make such staunch friends of Oldsmobile owners. 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