Evening Star Newspaper, March 14, 1926, Page 55

0 GREAT LAKES CANAL PLAN | AROUSES A CONTROVERSY Two Routes Being Advocated—One Via St. Lawrence and Other All-American. cach Has Strong Support. BY G. GOULD LINCOI SHIP Great ritory the Congress has provided for the deepening of the Hudson River to Albuny 5o as to provide a 27-foot s st by | hannel. The estimated cost of the pdiacent theceto With |oonstruction of the ship canal from e eare odny Seieen | Oswego on Lake Ontario tu ita 0f b aay Sives | son River at or near Albany A sttt i g 009,000. In addition to thix, an ex- AL the Samo Line 5 comvoversy has | Penditure of $125,000,000 would be isen hetweon the advortes af ta | necessary to bufld a canal in Amer- 9ibCte £o1 this il canalEERE bi ican territory from Lake Erie to 5 bies AUt aS that Lake Ontario. So the total cost of aged yo £0 hetween the advor this project is to be $62,000,000. of the Nicaragua and Panama routes St. Lawrence Route Cheap. he present great interoceanic | ¢ompared with this figure, the es- | timated cost of the St. Lawrence |Canal is small-although a ihle .| figure in itsell. In 1919 Congress ex- and (2 N | pressed a desire that the Interna ¢ CONNECtNg | tional Joint Commission, which had ke Erie and Lake Ontario and run- | peen created by treaty In’ 1909, should ng from Oswego, N. V.. to the Hud- | hrepare an estimate of the cost. This vn River near Albany and down the | ag done and the report of the com- Hudson to Ne York and the ocean. mission was transmitted to Congress Arguments the All-Amevican {jn 1922, The International Joint presented List Tues#ay | Commisston and its, engineers held War Departinent RIVer | thai the project was feasible; that Bonrd. - Tomorrow the | e majntenance and operating costs the statements of the | wouid be low. It estimated the cost of the Great Lakes-St. |of construction at $252,7 . which River Canal in opposi would include the cost of developing s the Al American Canal and in s 1.464,000 hydroelectric horsepower. port of their n pro A TepoOrt | rhe roject could be completed, it has already been made by the ArmY |yug gatd, in elght years. The total Survey Board adve to the Al lunyua) cost of operation, maintenance American Canal on economic rounds. |y, depreciation of the works, in- This report was attacked by Repre- | cluding the power plants, would be sentative Walla Dempsey of 2.000. By the expenditure of an New York, chaiman of the House |, qgitional $18,000,000 the canal depth committe vivers and harbors. and | coulq be increased to 30 feet in the hy Col k . Green, SUperin-f pypuye, If necessary, i Stimated 5 Beitinbs | recessary, it was estimated ondent ic works of New York | Aot il bl K O e tnit | The mew-wenort ommendation that iz completed by the englneers of el Canal be | e e i {the commissions appointed by Federal Government | geone (‘oolidge and the Canadian gov- struct the fl“‘; ernment, will bring up-to-date the 1 Gov. Allcosts of the St. Lawrence River project, One feature of canal—the canal canal connecting the Lakes and the vast ter nere prop ' advanced 1 e e (0 wrence River ( American an: their respe . Great tive support- LaKes heroy ede b Siate. wh the New presented 1o 1o be d York st he v use ing by dorse the All-American connecting Lake Erie and Take Ontario—can be lopped off the St. Lawrence River project, for the Welland Canal, now being constructed on the Canadian side. will_serve the purpose. The Welland Canal, which is to have a depth of 30 feet. and will cost about $100,000,000, will be completed. it is expected. in 1930, Both the proposed ship canals have advantages all their own, which must { e weighed in making « decision as to which shall be chosen by this | country, The St. Lawrence River Canal, for example, has the advantage of pro- viding for a great waterpower de velopment—a development which will not accompany the All-American Canal, except in connectlon with the short canal from Lake Erie to Lake Ontarfo. The St. Lawrence River Canal has the advantage of lower original cost of construction and of lower cost of maintenance and opera- tion and can be more easily deepened to 30 feet, if this becomes necessary { to accommodate the traffi Needs Only Seven Locks. Furthermore, there will be sary only seven locks on the St. Law- rence River Canal from Montreal to Lake Ontario, while a score of locks must be constructed for the All- Needed for Defense. Dempsey has made the proposed All-American ential for national de- He bLos presented to the War River and Harbor Board essed to him by Secretary War Department and ur of Navy De- waterway 10 be an asset lie entirely Mr. the Chairt that nal Tens Department Intters add Davis th et e Dampsey nheavily on rational defense arsument. The Great » Lake dewater Assoclation cepresenting 18 State West and West, whic hard to advance the Ship Canal, has bee Argument, a exvecutive director snggestion. ir. tion to the fac “thousands of Tles of peaceful, unguarded boundary Jine between Canada and the United centur three administra- the Coolidge admini approved the develop ment of the St. Lawrence for ocean navigation as relief the freight congestion and high cost ‘I'f vor ion for Noiti Valley: that t uking Lawrence a council the Middle has worked S8t Lawrence iroused by this s P. Cralg, its s ridiculed the called atten- ha ha Cralg i { i stration, have neces- | | he » St e best Army at Stratford, has heen ¢ stroyed hy fire. cheerful news."” stipulated extended by been political conditions in Tibet and. if so. what d parently he confs important persons, including the Ger- T BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE foliowing 18 a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended March 13: The British Empire.—On Wednesday the anxtously awaited report of the Royal Coal Commission was issued— a vast and elaborate document. The noticen that have appeared in ihe press purporting to present the main teatures to Justif; the expression of an opinion as to whether or not the report offers | a fundamental solution promising re consiruction of the coalmining in- dustry on a profitable basis and link ing it up most conveniently and use- fully with the general industrial struc- ture. The suggestion of nationalization ix turned down flat, but it is proposed that the government acquire the min- ing properties, turning them over to concessionaires to be worked. Sub- sidies for the industry are brusquely ondemned. Proposals are made look ing to amalgamations and improve- ment of organization: how drastic, one should like to know. One awaits with eager curiosity the full text of the report, 1t is estimated that acqui- sition of the mining properties would cost the government about £300, 000.000. The Shakespeare Memorial Theater, “Lam extremely glad to hear it,” pleasantly observes Mr. George Bernard Shaw. “It is the most It is to be presumed that a truly noble structure will suc- ceed the wretched one thus happily removed. Within three months 10 historic Eng: lish country houses have g flames. The business looks queer, hut there is no evidence of incendiarism Great Britain having fulfilled the conditions, the council of the League of Nutions has formally confirmed the award conditionally rendered last December, under which eat Britain's mandate over Iraq is 25 years, Great Britain | and Iraq engaging to do certain im- portant things. The British expedition (to be under | the command of Gen. Bruce) planned | for this vear, to attempt once more the conquest of Mount called off, owing Everest, to h; disturbed * ook % France.. On March & the Briand sovernment. having made the tax item of the supplementary taxa- tion bill a question of contidence, was defeated, to 221, and the fore vesigned. The Nationalists on his occaslon co-operated with the Communists, the Unified Socialists and some 30 rebellious Radical So- It Is commonly, and appar ently with fustice, charged that they were actuated by selfish and petty political considerations. Tmmediately upon his resignation Briand, who is the permanent French representutive on the league coun- cil, dashed off to Geneva, where the | (<lieleton) assembly and the council | 575,000 of the league were scheduled to meet | on imit Ger tle the| ultane- the Sth. formally many to the league question whether” or ously with admission of any the council further additions should be made to the council membership, | Just what Briand | not clear, but ap-| ed with the most | Ger to is did at Genevi HE SUNDAY )i the report are too meager | mpletely de- | one up in | | as STAR, WASHINGTO. man delegation, and arranged that decision on the council dispute should be held up pending settlement of the domestic crisls at Parls. At any rate, Briand was back in Parls on the '8th and settlement of the dis- pute respecting the council was de- layed, ‘obviously with reference to the Paris situation. My information on this head is inadequate, but I take it that the general reaction of the French peo- ple to Briandis overthrow was 80 ! obviously one of disgust that the Nationalists regretted their behavior in that connection. Behold, on the 10th Brinnd, premier once more, ninth time premier of i'rance. One is coustrained to infer that, before agrecing to resume the terrible task, Briand _received satistactory assur- ances from the gentlemen of the Chamber Right. Moreover, the make- up of the new cabinet would appear to indleate that he is counting on Right support. Iis new finance minister is very distinguished Raoul Peret. It would seem a safe prediction that within a few days a fiscal program not importantly differing from t so gallantly championed by the aged M. Doumer will be adopted by the hamber. M. Peret, the ter, expects to go to London when the fiscal problem has been settled to resume mnegotiations concerning | the debt of France to Britain. He expects to get better terms than | those offered last year to M. Caillau He can cite the extreme generosity | shown to Italy in the Italo-British debt scttlement, and he will point to the emphatic turn for the worst in France's economic condition. as particularly evidenced by an increas- | fngly unfavorable balance of forelgn trade since last August, whereas at the time of Caillaux's vigit and for a long time previously the balance | had been favorable. Hardly, under the conditions; may France be ex- pected to promise a yearly payment to Britain of 12,500,600, as contem- plated by the British proposal to laus. One should, therefore, discount the statement made to the Commons on Thurs by Winston. Churchill. British chancellor of the excheques follows: “The government re- ards the agreement made with M. Caillaux n August last as binding on both parties I do not pro pose to withd the offer then made.” To the of my knowl- edge and belief. Mr. Churchill thus ' is talking through his zear. As the matter erally understood Mr. Churchill » an offer to Caillaux, but the French did commit themselves to ac- ceptance of it. rhe pe nesotiations between e French anthorities and the insur- tos in Svria have broken down * the new finance minis- | and aw hest is For the second month in the German balance of January was favorable to 68,000,000 marks favorable of narks for unfavorabie balance of 586, or January, 1925, figures re leadinz analvzed favor- coincides with en- slump in industr marked by monstrous increase of un- employment (about 2,000,000 unem- pioyed). One therefore does mot ex pect to find an increase latterly in the total of exports, Germany. suct trade | amount gainst ssion for 33.- balance ) marks these nicely eral N, D. ¢, MARCH 14 not so find. But one does find an im- portant decrease in the total of im- ports. Now should there be a brisk revival of trade, that would involve a considerable increase in import of raw materials and vou would prob- ably have, with general improvement of the industrial situation and de- crease of unemployment, an unfavor- able balance again, at least tempo- rarily. ‘When statistics are presented you should reverse the adage and look the gift horse in the mouth. * ok Ak Ttaly.—A so-called Etruscan Con- gress on Pundits is to be held in Florence, commencing some time next month, to go into everything relat- ing to the ancient Ktruscans. A permanent Etruscan committee will be appolnted to supervise and co- ordinate continuance of the good work until we have all the “dope” on_those Interesting people. Curiosity regarding the Etruscans has been whipped into flame by the claim recently advanced by Prof. An- tonfo Cavalazzi of Rome to discovery of the key to the Etruscan language, 50 that at last those many ktruscan inscriptions that <o long have haffled and tantalized us may be read. With result, doubtless (if the claim is made od), that certain historic gaps will te filled fn and certain historical er- rors corrected. This much has already been estab- lished; That the Etruscan language was not an Indo-liuropean one, such as the Latin. We don't really know much about the anclent Etrusci or Tusci, as the Romans called them (whence the mod- ern “Tuscany"). We are, however, fairly sure that they were a blend of two raclal stocks; that one of these stocks was derived by migration from Asia Minor (a ter- rible distance to iigrate in those days). and that both stocks were of " the Mediterranean (dark —-white) branch of the Caucasian diviston of mankind, the predominant strain in the Mediterranean Basin today. The leagued Itruscan cities were a con- siderable power, especially at sea, be- | | fore Rome's rise to greatness. All of us who remember Macaulay's “Lays of Anclent Rome” know that the “Tarquin kings of Rome were Etruscan me finally laid that power low by reason of her own valor than by reason of the excessive ! luxuriousness of the Ftruscans. | Because of the great number of { beautiful ancient objects of art un-| {earthed in what was Ktruria, the Erruscans used to be credited by mod- ern scholars with gerat artistic | senius. But very improperly so cred- {ited. They seen almost completely | | to have lacked imagination or E | inality. We now know that the most beautiful of these objects wers im- poried from Greece, and that practi- cally all the rest were im! | Gireek models. wera excell artists at all. | 1 blood must have ' ant element in the blend of 1 | The Euruscans {the ancient Etrus { been a very fmpor marvelously artistic f the renaissance. Possibly the migra | Minor e Hittites. and this malkex bold to advance the theory that |the Roman nose was of ittite {origin, ost certainly the Jewish | nose was. There is in Florence a superh Etru can Museum. * Tacna-Arica —A the 6th | | Tacna on clash oceurred between C at ilean | Jugosiavia | against | Hefaz, 1 | Heja: t 1926=PART 2. ) AMATEURS’ SHORT-WAVE RADIO STUDIES VALUABLE residents of that town and a party of 150 Peruvians just arrived there to take part in the coming plebiscite. Flsts, sticks, stones and knives were the weapons. Chilean polle and troops finally ended the g Alleging sundry Chilean atrocities upon Peruvians and a general Chilean policy of intimidation of Peruvians in the registration area, the Peruvian government has served upon Gen. Lassiter, chairman of the Tacna- Arica. Plebiscitary Commission, a de- mand for indefinite postponement of regiztration for the plebiscite. * Wk Kk United States of America.—The House judiclary committee has agreed 10 report a resolution proposing impeachment of Federal Judge George W. English of the eastern district of Tilinofs on very serlous charges, including that of turning his offic to personal financial _advantage. SHould the louse impeach, a. special session of the Senate for the trial seems likely. The Serate has adpoted u resolu- ion, offered by Senator Robinson, Democrat, which provides for a spe- cial committee of five Senators, in cluding two Democr t lar Republicans, and one sive Republican” (thus the bloc receives | recognition), which shall in vestigate “the manner in which the flexible provisions of the tariff act of 1922 have been administered. The committee shall also investigate the appointment of members of said com- mission and report to the Senate whether any attempt has been made to Influence the official ton of | members of sald commission by any officfal of the Government other person or persons ‘The governor of Mississippi has sign ed a il prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution in education institutions supported by that Sta The question of the propriety of th so-called “sports window,” designed | by Mr. Cram, as a decorative feature ! of the Cathedral of St. John the vine. has flamed up with some ve| b I t t « a & « 0 reg £ 1 I I c or hemence., Miscellaneous.—I postpone to next | week further notice of the funtastic episode at €Geneva. King Alexander and Queen Marie of are about to be guests of the King and Queen of Italy at the Quiring alace. Voroshilov, commissar for the army and navy, announces that red army has been cut to 560,000, cluding territorial wmilitia and tier guard troops. He sayvs that Soviet nav and erial service coming on. an that if the British were to attack Kronstadt they'd he up some propositiol One hears with satisfactic Saud. Sul ved th the | that Ih tan of Nejd and King of the s put an end to exploitation | of pilgrims to the holy places of the | and has made adequate pro- ! vision for the safety of the pilgrims. | This A pews item of immense im portance Gen. Wu Pei Fu, appears got contro!l of the entire very nt provinee of Honan, Ct Recent meetings of House of Represer mar On Thursday the sy the House because such tur lence. There followed in the corridor o tree-for-all fight, in which Loth Re sentatives and outsiders participated One man was stabbed in the face, others were badly beaten up. All is not well in Japan to lias been surveyved by ngineers, who have r ahly thereon 1 none has sugges! ad that the development was Aous from a national defense stand- American Canal. he distance via the St. Lawrence Canal from Chicago to Tondon is 611 miles less than the distance from Chi- °ago to Liverpool via the All-American | Canal. ¥rom Chicago to Copenhage: | in time of war, |b¥ the same route is 646 miles lnss the zre Service, the | The distance to Genoa and the other | “he entirely within Ameri- | Mediterranean ports via the St. Law- | e M int ownership and |rence Canal would be about 135 miles operation aith Canada. if the United |ioxs than via the All-American Canal. | o ebre At swar with 4 third coun- | Eut the difference in time, according | e i ahnut developments |0 experts of the Depurtment of Com: i TSI prevent the use of the | merce. would be even more marked ol et wl the needs of this | from Chicago to Liverpool viasthe St S they contend. Lawrence River route than the ail- cou . American route. It is estimated that 1 Has Grown. a vessel would go by the first route A War the de- | three davs quicker than by the lat- capable of | ter. Thix would be due, it is said. to vessels and | the delay in passing tivough the Lakes to the | greater number of locks in the All- - | American Canal and to the fact that vessels will be able to proceed at speed in the St Lawrence than in the All-American Canal Literference with railroad and road | raffic, unless the bridges across the | New York Al-Americun sade sufficiently hig passage of ocean-going v ilove w great drawback. There ar some 80 bridges _across the present waterway, and it drawbridges were substituted for ail or a part of ther either the ships or the raflroad trains and automobiles might be sarigusly elaved. ‘Take the other side of the case. The all-American route runs through very densely populated country in New York State. It is connected by many short railroad hauls with New England, making it ible to mil- | | lions “more population. Its outlet would be the port of New York. the | | ereatest port in the.world today- would bring the Gf#at Lakes territor: much closer to the Panama Canal, the West, Indies. the American coastwise | trade’ and South America than the sther route. Mr. Dempsey has point- d out that America’s growing trade is with South America, while the trade with Europe has fallen off. It niust be remembered, however, in this connection that the farmers in the great grain States who are seeking an outlet for their surplus must deal with Burope rather than with South America. By the New York route, from Os- ported favor- noint. s his supporters, and at Dempsey €1 £ eanal n can ter Dem; Ever since the W gmand for a waterway ecarrying = oceai veaching from the Atlantic Oc = demand /¢ the prod Freight have mounted Th i | e « { il | the pa Middle West oad labor costs hizher, t a farm ners, ps for been among the construc Water tran in reducing to the carrying tured prod s well as their With a ship cities of Chi- 1 and many ers, particulay Who must s esport to I thosa wi 3 tion of portation wo w very rre charges on their ma uets of these States pericultural pro canal in nuse, the great eazo, Detroit, Cley others hordering tha lakes would be- come, in effe cean poris. The Al% call for a depth of jcient water 1o accomo- date seven ont f every eizht of the vessels which enter the ports of the United States da In the future the canals ! dsepened with- great cost to 30 feet, wceordi New kngl: #nd New York. the proposed ship ¢ tive commitiee of the dustries of elf in favor t 1 i might | urzed 14 res desee t 5 a |y T additional ¥ is the West v The execu- | c Associated Tn- 1setts declared it- the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence This commit tee put out ¥ that time es J yuating that the cost of hauling a ton of freicht from Chlcago 1o Boston would be cut epormously if the St. J.awrence waterws sonstructed. | wego fo Pernambuco. on the egst he cost of the haul by 1s given | ~oast of South America, the distance s £15. and the estimated cost by |would be 564 miles less than by tHe water, £3.36. aithough the distance by |St. Lawrence Canal. The New York yall is 1.034 miles and the distance by froute would bring the West Indies the water 1 a4 be 2.6%2 miles. [1,200 miles nearer the Great Lakes Particularly was association inter-|ihan via the St. Lawrence Canal, and ested in the de went of water | the same would be true in the case of power which would =o hand in hand | Gulf of Mexico ports. i e construction of the ship} 5 ith the constructior 2 ! American Route's Advantages. Other advantages cited for the All- t 1 1 h couid be used with | the industries and ! the New snunicipalities | T | River canal are:. ! trom Lake Ontario to the sea. via Os- jwego and Albany is 340 ‘m:alnst 1,180 miles via Kingston and ! Montreal; the St. Lawrence River ahd | the Gulf of St. Lawrence are subject {to frequent fogs, and there are fre- quent icebergs in the Atlantic waters . near the St. Lawrence, while there are few fogs and no fcebergs off New York. nd finally, the All-American “anal would be of greater aid from the ‘point of view of national defense. In ,this latter connection Secretary Davis, in his letter to Mr. Dempsey, said: “From the military standpoint it is ential that waterways connecting the Great Lakes and the Atlantic sea- board shall Le entirely within Amer- ican territory.” Mr. Demsey has expressed the wish that all hearings may be concluded on the All-American Canal project at an early date, so that provision may be made in the rivers and harbors appro- priation bill for going ahead with it. But it does not appear likely that Con- zress will act upon the one project be- ove it has heard fully regarding the other. Furth-rmore, the Senators and und it is their report which Mr.|Representati: s from the Middle West Dempsey is now attacking. The en-{and West haic been favorable to the gineers have reported that such a ship | St Lawrence route. canal would find some 15,500,000 tons | of frefght to carry annually, and that whila the estimated saving would ba| The first national bank west of $22.000,000, the estimated cost of |the Rocky Mountains was established ton B depreciation, | in the it of Portand, Ores.. in the oid neadl 156 Two Surveys Made. Surveys of the two routes proposed for the ship canal have been in progress cotemporaneously—although there have been earlier surveys and re- Jorts_upon both. In March, 1924, ;‘rpsidmn Coolidza appointed the “% Jawrence Commission.” headed by ecretary Hoover of the Department of Commerce iv the navization und power p . and at the same time the Canadian nernment es! Jighed “Canada’s National Advisory Commission.,” Leaded by Hon. George ham. minister of railways and The purpose. The sions have co-operated, and engineers have heen assigned by each 1o make a report. This report is due April 2 Last vear Chairman Dempsey of the ylvers and harbors committee of the Jiouse succeeded in having Congress Bppropriate for a survey of the route across New York State. The division enginners who i the survey have yeported that the route is not feasible | hecause of the high cost of operation, \ velopment salutary the community. in social effects of war, the crime problem can- not be wholly accounted for on that score. held so cheap as in the United States. Murders go unpunished in our cities, which would scandalize London or con- | tinental centers. Chicago in five vears | ending with 1924 had 509 homicides; | for had years'had a gain of 43 felonies. APPEAL OF CHICAGO | CRISIS MAY A Admitted Inability of City to Cope With May Arouse Justice an CRIME AKEN AMERICA w d peed Prosecution as Homicides Increase. BY WILLIAM €. REDFIELD, The latest and most amazing de of the crime situation comes with the petition of citizens ot ‘hicago submitted to the Senate seek ng the aid of Congress in preventing and punishing crime in that city. This abject appeal to Washington for help miatter that should be settled by )eal community has its embar ing and dangerous side. It is hu- & to reflect on the impression will bé made abroad by the ve that an American city confesses | inability (o deal with crime. It ng as one considers the effect pon criminals themselves and Chi g0 meed not be surprised if it is| Jvertaken by a crime waye. Looking | .t the question in the large, however, he appeal from Chicago may have éffects. Ludicrous and un- vise as the action is in itself, it throws revealing light on a problem that con- ‘erns us all. for it indicates that the hat ort ta s alarm growth of erime may be charged to ux public opinion as well as to the nadequacy of laws and courts. There was a time when Americans | were quick to see that laws were en- | forced and that courts functioned. We did not s and idly by wringing our hands while criminals ran at large in Of late years, when many men speculate concerning -auses of crime, and punishment has fallen into a bog of delay and uncer- ainty, our social life is characterized )y an appalling increase of violence ind felony with which we seem help- ess to deal. Granting that life within recent rears has been complicated by changes conditions _and the after In no European country fs life | ike period ending with 1925 she 2. Philadelphia in the last five New vork statistics seem to indicate a de- England | American Canal over the St. Lawrence | crease, but one so slight as to be That the distance | negligible. More revealing are the statistics miles as | which tell the amazing story that in the last five vears there is one execu- tion for every 40 murders. In Cleve- land during 1922 there were 163 fel- murder and man- slaughter, whiie in 1925 there were 262 such crimes. In 1924 felonies in- creased over the preceding vear 25 per cent and furthermore 5% per cent of onies involving the persons arrested in 1925 were re. | lcased without conviction or punish- ment. Statistics all tell the same story, namely, that crime is increasing and that our legal machinery has broken down under the strain. Our present criminal record is an affront to civilization and makes us the talk of nations. The life and prop- erty of the average American citizen are not safe in our great communities with the increase of criminals and of the fmmunities which they enjoy. T} is no question of justice for the crim- inal. He is comparatively safe. In. asmuch as only one man Is executed | for every 40 nm:urders the question of capital punishment is a negligible one. It is the average man in the com- munity who is most in danger. Where, then, shall we look for a remedy? Certainly not to Washing- ton. Congress has more than enough to do to deal adequately with the ques. tions that are clearly Federal. If we would protect ourzelves from the crim- inal, if .ve would have that-liberty of reports can | weak | have gone too far in protection of the and property which s ours (o enjoy, we must be- ourselves as citizens. \We must theorize about crime and hope crime commissions by sporadic ave us from the dangers that stalk our sireets. Rather, we niust let the men who administer jus- tice know that we will support them in stern duty firmly done. We mu: them know 1 our votes that we ped their records in crim- We must let the criminal know in no uncertain terms by our attitude in private and in public that we will not tolerate delay in trial nor nd wavering punishment. not that 2 criminal by the communit; t is time for protection of the community from the criminal (Copyright, 1 Syn- 26, Cosmos Newspaper dicate, Iuc.) Police of Rumania Troubled by Plots the World War Rumanian secret police ave had to deal with countless “red” Russian and Magyar irredentist plots, all tending either to overthrow the constitution or embal rass the government. Fortuantely for the Rumanians they have a well-trained body of detectives divected by M. Volnescu, who recetved his earlier training In Paris. At the headquarters of the Rumanian secret police in Bucharest M. Voinescu has a collection of infernal machines, forged banknotes and other criminal trophies. ‘The most interesting e hibit is a huge infernal machine ar- ranged to be worked by a seven-day clock. It was smuggled into Rumanta from Hungary and was intended to exterminate the royal family and the government during a race meeting. Since Premier of Britain Prime Minister Baldwin has stated publicly that he retires to a club every day at lunch time for an hour of quiet reflection away from intimate contacts with politics and politiclans that make deliberate thinking diffi- cult. For some time clubmen in London debated as to which of his clubs the | prime minister chose for his hour of | reflection. All finally agreed that it | must be the Athenaeum, one of the few clubs that retain an atmosphere of monastic repose. It is a club of | bishops and prelates, who find_there |a satistactory calm. Sir James Barrie, | Britain’s shyest author, retires to the Athenaeum to compose his fanciful stories, {Brigands’ Business In Balkans in Slump Erigandage is one of the oldest pro- fessions in the Balkans. ISach coun- try has its brigand heroes whose deeds have been immortalized in verse and song. But, according to one of the most famous cotemporary brigand chiefs, his calling is no longer what it used to be. The introduction of wireless teleg- raphy, telephones and automobiles has greaily facilitated the efforts of the authorities in tracking down thelr prey. ' $ we have We | Has Daily Quiet Hour| 'MOVING-PICTURE DIVISION S()U ( ;H'i:t IN DEPARTMEN tuation Congress Expected to Approve Appropriation Soon T OF COMMERCE As Importance of Foreign Markets on Trade Is More Strongly Emphasi Congress probably will soon approve | {a sufficlent appropriation for the De- | partment of C‘ommerce o cstablish a | motion picture trade division, with w division chief, and so accord to this industry belated recognition equal to that already given smaller indus tries. The motion p ture industry of this country. it wus revealed, has t- er interest in foreign markets than nine American industries now repre sented in the Commerce Department | by divisions. A small unit in the specialties divi |slon of the Department now looks| |after some of the questions of Inter- est to the motion picture industry. Col. | Jack C. Connolly, Washington repre- sentative of Wiil 1I. Hays, the over- lord of the American film industry.| says that with the establishment of a motion picture division the Depart- ment of Commerce would be able to maintain an expert in Europe to keep in touch with foreign legislative pro- posals affecting American films, and could give the industry better statis- tical service and make surveys of foreign trade opportunities and con- ditions. Dominate Foreign Field. Totion pictures made in America dominate the foreign fleld,” sald Col. Connolly. “There {3 no market abroad of any size or consequence in which the exhibitions of American films are not greater than those of all other countries combined. The United King- dom screens 90 per cent American productions to less than.5 per cent of its own; France goes higher than 75 per cent; Germany up to a year ago, 80 per cent, the Scandinavian coun- tries nearly %0 per cent. The Latin American countries show our pictures in similar proportion, as do also the | countries of the Far East, Australia being our third largest market with | over 90 per cent American showings. | Canada shows practically as many | American pictures in proportion to | her theaters as we do in the United States. | “This foreign trade in American mo- | tion pictures sprang from compara- tively small beginnings. In 1913, the last pre-war year, American exports of motion picture films were about 32,000,000 linear feet at a declared in- voice value of about $2,250,000. The war, which halted foreign picture pro- duction, gave an enormous impetus to America’s forelgn trade in motion | pictures, which lasted in common with nearly all other manufactured com- modities through the two years of in- | | | motion picture industy eign business as at leas . It is a known American company business of over £1.006.600 Between 25 and 20 per cent Bross revenues of the Amertes come from the forej and there are two or three o which m s for 5,000,000 : fact that does one expor month of th com field <how foreien returns of 10 f cent and over. If this cut off or seriously eurtailed dustry as a whole would face hank ruptey. We are told that the fore | market will soon rival in size the o | mestic market i Amerfcan films abroad create a de | mand for American clothes and other | American products and have been un | important ald to the American manu- | facturer doing business in foreizn | markets, Faced Little Competition. “Amerfcan foreign trade in motion pictures has been built up against lit- | tie or no competition. For while other countries, notably ngland. France, Gernyany and Ita are all producer: tho limited returns from the compar tively few theaters within their bor ders—4.000 in England, 2,300 in| I'rance, 3.700 in Germany and 2,000 in | Italy—has forced their producers to| keep their cost below $50.000 for each picture if they expected to show a profit. The United States, on the other [ hand, can give an American producer | a profit on a picture costing $250,000 through domestic showings alone, ind this expenditure has made it possible | for the producers in this country to dominate the world.” 5 But while forelgn producers cannot compete with their American rivals, they are seeking to limit the number of American pictures by legislation, a movement which may vet have seri- ous consequences for the foreign busi. ness of the American companles, ac- cording to Col. Connolly. “In several cases they have suc- ceeded,” he said. “and this movement. once started, unless checked by coun. teraction on our part, bids fair to be- come so widespread as to constitute a serfous menace to the continued maintenance of our forelgn film trade. England is talking of giving a sub. sidy to her producers, the cost to be paid by a heavy tax on imported pic- tures. France is agitating legisla- tion_to bar films printed on inflam. mable stock, which would automati- cally bar our films. Japan has a new censorship law with high taxes on im- ported films, which may raise the price of American pictures there to an al- revenue 1 flation, which followed the armistice. Even after the slump of 1921, how- ever, it was found that over 140,000.- 000 linear feet of film at an invoice value of about $5,500,000 had been spent abroad during that vear. In'| partment of Commerce schedule, about 8,400,000 linear feet of| the former and 125,000,000 linear feet of the latter at a declared value of $700,000 and $5,400,000, respectively, ‘were exported. Exports Increase. « “Since that time a large rise has taken place each year in the exports. “Furope is our leading market, Latin America next and the Far East third. Of individual markets, the ‘Jnited Kingdom tops the list, with two other English-speaking countries, Canada and Australia, second and third. Argentina stands fourth, Ja- pan fifth and Brazil sixth, “The lowest reliable estimate places the gios¥ reveaue to the .Amierican most prohibitive extent. “The aid which the Department of Commerce can give the industry dur- ing the next few vears in fighting off these tendencles will be of great im- portance in determining hether this will be cut down with the conse- quent dislocation of the trade here at hom¢ Squirrels Diminished By Demand for Furs Much regret is felt that the world's demand for furs threatens the extinc- tion of the squirrels in the Norwegian woods. The tempting prices offered—as high as 75 cents a pelt—have led to unusually active hunting. Last year there were exported to the United States fi" 10 squirie; work forecasters, Nineteenth structions b globe with the u chrough the ether wave today Rad thousand opmer | the v | re Around World 1 Frequency D ORLD-WIDE instantaneous | communication by volce or telegraph, presidents talking direct with presidents, with kings or emperors while th rest of the world discards its radio | Pacif ccetvers and wwaits * “onversation between rulers of nations, i rect development of the experimenta being ca d on bLetween and | by thousands of radio amateurs, the rass pounders and DX hounds of oday. * The day is not far distant he view of the most enthus when the Secr ry may it in his otfice street and Ienns nd ta direct with his trade -ommissione when the Secre ary of State ma issue consuiar in nore direct means | the old na the | a| o end « the app: come as a dis| ‘ommerca venue of radio, accepted telegr Developm direct wireles ion between lurope are 1s the first nent that ek with communien States und ashington | o develop circle the ices of radio ousands of receiy United alded in will uitimate seen Ve 1 reaching out tuned rece eth and to seps graphic age in it terms fally into intell to the listeney Results Being Felt The work the e mateurs league, who nixh Amiateuts s < making he ng rporati men; theiy equipme: lines as the keenest “h munjea the 1nd anar Department departnient who have f1 aves into short 1eters operate vhich ment the ficld be above which 1} up t some ¥ the short astoundi in many ing i i vielded « ppoi irs exper ve field has reveiation: many 1 Amateurs Lead ‘he short waves have not by s KD N explorers heer 2XAR, yroadeast ed hetwee: some of on Aside from which is now lo 350 mete tions clamworir g for r channels to n the field fa 200 meters r wand the Fur 1 > broadeast b meter shor Navy Annapolis -ast band distane low freq length tran mous power times norm: station thing than 1.000 watts Power is the dominating factor. ac cording to Commerce Department oli- clals and experimenters, in pushinz ice or siznal of any man, he President or “ham.” across thousa of miles of space by low frequency. high-wave-lensth equipment. And thit shortcoming the ki vave-length station with its consequent heavy ex pense in generating and using power is exactly where the short wa come in, the hope of 1 where s concerned. Short Waves Kecent. Short wave: PO example, while uses ' e a comparatively ent development in rad They are an outzrowth of the work of the amateurs who have been harred from the broadcast irequencies and were + forced into ranges not usurped by the ship and shore stations or th i of the Army and Navy. And | eur has been recompensed | for being pushed down into the low wave, length, high frequency ange by developing short waves to the point where they now show much more promise than hish-wave-length stations with their great power. ecretary Hoover, the radio adminis trator, who is a keen student of the new art, does not now see the proba bility of international communication over great distances unless research uncevers some new system or device that will eliminate the present insta- bility of communication. Yet Mr. Hoover, in close touch with radio in all its phases, admits that radio, hav- ing gone far beyond the hounds of human_knowledge of a _decade ago, may take another long leap forward and provide some means by which consistent communication may bhe held with places, far on the other side of the earth. Davis Concurs in View. Similar views are held S. B. Davis, solicitor for vital | Judge he Com- 1921, the first year that negatives were | American motion pictures will con-| merce Department, in whase hands separated from positives in the De-|tinue to secure nearly 30 per cent of | the administration of the radio laws statistical | their revenues from abroad or whether | has been placed by Mr. Hoover. The radio division of the department, in closer touch with developments than either Myr. Hoover or Judge Da- vis, places even more implicit faith in the work being done by the “ham' of today and the experimenters of the Army and N W. D. Terrell, chief radio supervisor, does not hesitate to predict the day when consistent two- way communication will be developed, either by voice or telegraph, and hopes to see the time when the Secretary of Commerce may sit in his office and direct his agents in Turkey, India or Australia by radio. Both he and J. M. Downey, his assistant, are so familiar with the work of the experimenters in short waves th ould lieve anyiilig o il iva Possibility of Future Conversation Based on High evelopment. son n so far as Is concerned dio communication hee has wave mile of distance ed by thusiastic short-ws it must be borne i cussion of short waves that but one-tenth of the power than t ordinar» al tion. and vast hieh wavelengt Distance Is R Ane o e operators or arkable. records power, burn i e power, ta ng in coc tha Y Gover: in Waskh 1ents ¢ s awa we « “research ) dove. view wovide the 1 ) receptic ost marve: tion—rad Mussolini Is Accused of Nursing Tame Fo itior ted to exis Timits, Strang hin cert enough, these Extreme Left Tieans Un publicar the con tional the T the Milan tivei papers of the Voce Repub nti and the re- ists and constitu Leen either pur I and respe newspiy e hased means, « mat their n mate de: certainty Why i permit the cor tinued publication of the newspape of d the holshav+l from “rescued” ltaly here are several reasons. (1) Tla must nurse a tame opposition for fasclsm to fight, else his com ative followers might combat one another (2) The parties of the FExtreme Left, having no political nce, can safely be left to expoun i their ideas 3) The parties of the Fixtreme Left pended most of their energy one another. (i) There is, per tween Mussol ex-internationalist and antimilit socialist, and his former comrudes a4 bond of sympaths that enables them to understand each other. The communist daily con tinues to publish at the top of its first page tie classic Marxian slogan. Workers of the World, Unite!” and essays of Lenin demanding the over. throw of capftalism. A “Russ 1 spublicans a hom he an”’ Busines: Between §15.000,000 and $25,000,000 worth of goods, mostly textiles, hides knitted articles and silks, were smug gled into Soviet Russla last vear ac cording to Moscow authorities. Most of the stuff came across the Polish border and was distributed in Moscow The business in contraband goods is very profitable. A $6.50 sweater sells in Moscow for $13.°n 75.cent box of face powder for © c e