Evening Star Newspaper, September 13, 1925, Page 89

Deep-Sea Diver THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. s in Constant Peril AsThey Go on Treasure-Ship Hunt Working Under High Pressure Brings on Caisson Disease Unless Ascent Is Properly Managed, While There Are Numerous Other Dangers. RINGING up the treasure said to be stored in the hold of the 1ds Ward | the teamer 0 B0 miles east of C: that smacks of romance, but is marked at every step by sumken which lies |in Avithal Wountleses dangers for the men who &re making the attempt Nature seems to enter into combat “with those who would wrest the gich £poils from the sea’s depths, and in #ddition to facing the ordinary dan- gers that always attend large-scale ralvage operations. the New York expedition that is carrying on the Project has been forced to do unceas- ing battle with storms, high winds, ®hifting sands and other obstacles out the control of man, as well as ac- ept the chance that their rich catch may be seized by hi-jackers, the modern pirates of the high seas. The Merida, carrying bullion and fewels estimated at a value between $3,000,000 and $4,000,000, was rammed shortly after midnight on May 12, 1911, by the Admiral Farragut, and Yhough no lives were lost, the vessel sank in a few hours and now is known Ao lie on the bottom in a part of the Atlantic not far from Norfolk, where #hifting tides and treac us pents make salvage work elceedingly wlifficult More than one attempt has been $made to reach the rich plunder, but @2 yet the difficulties encountered in Mindersea diving at such great depths and the stupendous labor of actually locating the hulk in such an expanse ocean have precluded success. The lot of the diver is not a happy ne. But the ris irily go along with such a perilous nethod of earning a livelinood are omewhat offset by the rewards that 1wait achievement. Even one million ¥n hard gold should be worth trying or Along with compressed-air illness, or raisson disease, by r the most com- non malady affecting those who work n an artificial atmosphere, and one vhich must be carefully guarded azainst every moment, the undersea Fworker always runs the risk of his > ~ - broken or his diving suit springing leak, although the latter is not so wlangerous as it may seem, for in meases of emergency @act as a diving bell as long as the iwearer maintains an upright position ®ind sufficient pressure is available. There also is danger of falling when #working around a_sunken hulk or a Whip's bottom, and muddy or rocky #iretches of the ocean’s floor all have %heir peculiar terrors. Them too, #wvhen working in tropical waters a &ungry shark may constitute a seri wus menace. Operations at any considerable depth #re handicapped by the fact that ordi- Wary electric-light rays will not readily jiffuse through water. True, many lifferent types of submarine lamps are ¥n use, bup at a distance of several Jundred feet below the surface mo: ®©f them are dismal failures for illumi- ation o oo ROPER regulation of she alr ply is perhaps the greatest snechanical difficulty in the way of 1he diver's work. Should he go down whead of his air. i.c.. descend before whe pressure within his dress is edual %0 the pressure of the water without, Yie will be subjected to what is termed “'squeeze,” which Yiis movement and his breathing, will have, as the name would indicate Fomewhat of a mashing effect. Cases .are known where divers have been Jiterally pushed up into their helmets %y the enormous pressure exerted by the water. On _the other hand. over-inflation of the diving suit will cause “blowing wup” and the wearer is likely to be whot to the surface as though he were & balloon. Naturally, modern diving apparatus 3s designed to overcome all this, and through Government experiments and tests conducted by private companies 4n recent years the dangers have been yeduced to a minimum Tn the party carrying on operations £t the point where the Merida went down are several ex-Navy men, who avere instrumental in developing the present science of deepsen diving. Frank Crilley and C. C. Neilson were present at the naval tes The torpedo boat destrover Walke, in l.ong Island Sound, 10 years ago, when valuable data were collected for use in the Government diving school at Newport, R. I, and both had a hand in the salvaging of the F4, the submarine that sank just off the port of Honolulu in 1915, carrying 21 men 10_their death. The raising of the F-4 was accom- ‘plished at great expense, weeks after all hope had been abandoned for the Jives of officers and men in her crew. As in the case of the Merida, the finding of the wreck, which presents sup-: Sk PR et of water some pe Charles, Va., is cur- | ks that must neces- | r hose or life line becoming fouled | his helmet 'will | besides hampering | le from | n A DIVER IN HIS SOLES OF HIS BOTTOM. SUIT BEFORE SHOES A SSIST HIM IN REACHING THE OCEAN'S GOING OVERBOARD. LEADEN Copyright by Underwood & Underwood as many problems as any of the later operatlons, was accomplished by drag ginz the ocean floor when her ap proximate location was known. | An ingenious method of proving up {on the submarine was resorted to | when the long cable stretched between | two trawlers at last caught solidly on | some object on the bottom. The apparatus consisted of two sounding leads, strapped _together, with a nail driven into the bottom of | each. Electric conductors were con- { nected with the nails.and fitted to a | | telephone receiver, for which dry bat- | terles furnished the current. On both | | of the nails touching a metallic ob- | | ject, the circuit was completed and |a click recorded when the contact | was made or broken. By means of | | this homemade microphone, the K4 | | was definitely located and her po: | tion plotted before the actual work | of raising her was begun. | While accomplishing the feat of | bringing the heavy undersea boat to the surface and to dry dock, a world record was set by Navy divers wear- | ing the regulation suit.” For the first time a depth of 306 feet was reached. delicate mechanism which enables its | wearer to receive an even flow of @ir from the pumps or torpedo air flasks above. the air hose the diver regulates the | flow of high-pre dress automatically when the pressure with- in the water without, allows the used air to escape into the water. Glass portholes, which give the helmet a grotesque ap pearance, are protected by metal grat- The. mark has not yet been bettered. ] * * k * | AL sorts and types of diving dress are in use today, but llml\l used by the United States Navy can | be considered the last word in | | diving fashions. It consists of the familiar tinned copper helmet and breastplate, which joins on to a dress of the “coverall” type, made of rubber between layers of cotton twill and reinforced at the points of wear by chafing patches of the same material. A rubber collar for attaching the | breastplate is sewn and cemented to | the upper edge of the dress, and elas- [ tic rubber cuffs, for making water- tight joints at the wrists, cemented to the ends of the sleeves. The dress covers the feet, which are encased in shoes having heavy leaded soles and brass toe caps. Along with this cumbersome footgear, a weighted belt gives the wearer negative buoy- ancy when the suit is moderately distended by air and aids the diver in keeping his balance when below the surface. By means of adjustable straps or suspenders the distance be- dent to the telephone, reserve signals | must work constantly. are permitted to descend more than 90 A CAMMERCIAL DIVER IN A NEW ENGLAND HARBOR GETTING READY TO GO TO THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA. Copyright by Underwood & Underwood: tween the crotch of the dress and the | helmet can be regulated to prevent the latter from rising over the diver's | head when the dress is filled with air. | Canvas overalls also are worn to | protect the suit and, if necessary, heavy gloves are used to protect the hands from the cold. The helmet, to which is attached the air hose, life line and telephone, the last two mentioned generally being combined into one. is the most impor- tant item of the outfit. It contains the By a control valve placed in sure air into the head- Another valve, which opens suit is greater than that of the | ing and give the man within a for- rd, lateral and upward view. Telephone cable and life line are combined into one line, which serves as a means of supporting the diver when off the bottom. In case of acci- may be transmitted by using the cable as a signal line, In communicating with the diver by telephone the effects of pressure are noted on the diver’s voice, which suf- fers loss of timbre (the quality as dis tinguished from intensity and pitch). However, there is little difficulty in understanding him at depths as great as 300 feet, if moderate voice is em. ployed. Few men are physically able to stand the strain under which the diver 3 Fat men are barred from this profession, and in selecting men for the Navy Diving School thin, wiry men of a phlegmatic temperament are chosen. Here circula tion is faster, and after working at great depths the diver desaturates more quickly and is less lable to caisson disease. Uncle Sam's divers are rated in two classes. Only those of the first class feet. Artificlal atmosphere -experirents being conducted at present by the United States Bureau of Mines, with a view to reducing casualties from compressed air illness, indicate that the field of undersea work is likely to undergo a complete revolution in the very near future. Using a mixture of hellum and oxygen, instead of ordi- nary air, which is composed mainly of oxygen and nitrogen, Government experts have subjected guinea pigs and white rats to enormous pressures without the subjects experiencing the distress which often follows the use of air. Although the tests with men have been too few for satisfactory conclu- sions to be drawn as yet, the results are very gratifying, and indicate that when the method is perfected divers may be lowered to two or three times the depths now attained without suf- | fering any il effects. * ok % ¥ AISSON disease, the diver's great. est terror, can be explained very simply. During compression and at working pressure the flulds and tis- sues of the body absorb a large volume of air in accordance with the physical law governing the solubility of gases in liquids. While the diver is under- going. pressure this absorption of an abnormal volume of gas seems to have no effect whatever. In fact, the speed with which a man may be compressed or lowered into the water is governed almost entirely by the effect on his ears, improper functioning of the eustachfan tubes, which serve to equalize the pressure on the two sides of the eardrum, being followed by serious consequences. Aside from this difficulty, which is not a serfous one with experienced underwater workers, it to diver’s advantage to go under pressure rapidly, and he is lowered to the de- sired depth as quickly as possible. However, when deep diving is at- tempted, unless the ascent be prop- erly managed and sufficient time al- lowed for the absorbed gases to es- cape quietly into the blood and thence into the lungs, where they are ex- pelled from the body, minute bubbles will form in the blood vessels. ' This bubbling is somewhat similar to that of a carbonated beverage when the bottle is opened, except that the gas which causes the liquid to effervesce is carbon dioxide, whereas, in caisson sickness the bubbles are mostly nitro- en. ®¢ 18 when foried in the spinal |ume tor cases are evidenced' by pains in the joints and are referred to by divers as the “bends.” By using helium, which is less soluble than nitrogen and diffuse more rapidly, it is believed that th. dangers of decompression are greatly reduced. In order that the diver may not experience the fll effects of caisson disease, he must be raised to the surface very slowly to allow sufficient the gases absorbed by his system to be thrown off as the air pressure is reduced. The length of time required for sufe decompression i governed of coursey by the pres- percentage of saturation of the body fluids with inert gases at the given pressure. * %k % JROR Government diving operations, the length of time necessary for this decompression is governed by carefully calculated tables. The diver is brought to the surface by stages, the number of stoppages and the time devoted to each being governed by the initial pressure which is ruled In turn by the depth at which he works. For instance, a man working at a depth of 90 to 96 feet may remain safely under for as much as 53 minutes. of this length he nrust be raised to the 30-foot level and left there 5 minutes, then raised 10 more feet and kept at this stage for 10 minutes, after which he is brought within 10 feet of the surface and kept there a quarter of an hour before being ex posed to the air. limit is exceeded, additional also are given for a decompression which necessary As the depth increases, the number of stoppages necessary in bringing a man to the surface increases until a condition is reached where, except for very short exposures, the minimum time of ascent or decompression be- comes too long when compared with the useful work perfod. A diver who was expected to spend an. hour or more at a depth greater than 200 feet could be lowered in 10 or 15 minutes but his ascent would require from 2 to 4 hours, with stoppages at about 10_different stages. In cases where, because of accident or other exigency the diver must be stages more extensive then becomes consequence his pressure lowered more rapidly than usual, an ingenfous method of warding off or overcoming caisson disease i3 resorted to. The patient is placed in a recompression chamber or tank where the working pressure is applied again and then lowered at a correct rate The chamber is a metal, drum-like |affair, large enough to accommodate the patient and his attendant, with an air lock through which small articles may be passed in and out. After re- compression, qyhich has the same ef. fect as sendin® the diver below in a suit, the decompressing is accom- plished at a speed depending on the patient’s condition, how he stands de- compression and also the pressure at which he was saturated. E BAY CHESAPEAKI THE VIRGINIA - CAROLINA COAST, WITH CROSS MARK- ING WHERE THE MERIDA LIES IN 200 FEET OF WATER, 55 MILES EAST OF THE VIR- GINIA CAPES. A Queer Icebox. AN artificial icebox that operates like a coffee percolator and gen- jerates cold from heat has been In- vented By two young Swedish engl- neers of the Stockholm Institute of Technology, Carl Munters and Baltzar von Platen. When heated at one point, either by gas, electricity or kerosene. it cools the usual kind of food chest, and for ordinary household purposes needs to be run only a few hours a day. When operated with gas at the Stockholm prices it pro- duces the equivalent effect of eight | pounds of ice at the cost of 1 cent. The construction of the new ice chest is extremely simple. It has no movable, mechanical parts, no pistons, fans, pumps, ventilators, or any gears to get out of order. itiated by heat which sets an ammonia. solution in motion in a small bofler. The ammonia then passes through condensation tubes, and while trick- ling down a generator mixes with hydrogen and by thus evaporating absorbs enough heat to cool the food in the refrigerator. In a third cyl- inder, called the “absorber,” the am- monia s washed free from the hydro- gen and then percolates down through a set of tubes into the boiler again, where the heat once miore sets it in motion. While this action is kept up the refrigeration process continues. To effect the condensation running water has so far been used, but an alr cooling system is being devised by the inventors. For the launching of the new idea the Royal Board of Trade has granted a loan of 300,000 kroner and manu- facturing has already started on a commercial scale. Never Mind, He'll Recover. Stupld—We have 74 keys at home that will not open a door. Stupider—Might as well throw them cord or brain that these bubbles are most dangerous. Death, paralysis or pneumonia often result, while mild away. Stupld—But we can’t play the plano without them. v sure to which one is exposed and the | If his stay below has been | If for any reason the ordinary time | raised to the surface quickly and in| The action is in- | SEPTEMBER 1925 ART Dr. John W. Bischoff, Blind Organist, Taught Many Young D. C. Singers DHN W. BISCHOFF, organist, composer and teacher of singing, lived among us 34 years. His tomb is in Rock Creek Ceme- tery. You have not forgot this | man. When he died there came to vou the thought that a kind man had gone to the shadow or the light of the | place of souls. You thought of the | spell this gentle blind man had put | upon you by his music art and gift. | You knew that he had taught young | | persons to sing sweetly and some of | | them to sing nobly, and voices he | | trained had often moved vou to a! sense of calm or of devotion, and | scmetimes to a sense of exaltation. | His death brought to you as many thoughts of the grave and the folly of vanity as the passing of any being | not close-knit to you by the family | {tle. It would be easy for the Rambler {to write that when Dr. Bischoff died | you grieved, but that might be inac-| | curate. There is a tendency to over- | | express one's self, to use the utmost | emphasis on most occasions, and to| spealk in the superlative degree. Peo- ple are careless with words, and I would reserve the word “grief” for| the anguish a mother feels when she sees pass the spirit of her child. No sorrow is comparable to that It is moderate and true to say that when John W Bischoff died most men who had heard him play, seen | him on the streets, and read his name a thousand times in the little old Star were struck with a feeling very | close to sorrow, and that every mem- | ber of the Congregational Church, | where he played, had a keen sentiment | of regret Many of his pupils lamented his death. They were young persons, impressionable and romantic He w their master and the guide who was | leading them on the way of their am bition. He was making of them great singers. They were full of hope of victory in their art. They wanted to achieve because a voice in the soul whispered, or spoke aloud, “Art, my child, makes the mind brighter, shows | you beauty which men poor in mind | and rich in purse cannot see, and will | give you solace when your ey longer sparkle and the roses | faded in vour cheeks.” The pupils were also touched with | what the world calls ambition. They | craved success, with applause and |other reward. ‘They wanted to sur. pass others. Dr. Bischoff encouraged them. An older man who encourages young persons often makes them love | him and surely makes them like him. Young persons, strikingly those of humble homes, are hungry for en- ouragement. They have dreams, | ideals, ambitions. The dreams may | not come true and the ambitions may not be reaped, and they will come to | disappointment soon enough, and will | bear it as bravely as you and I have | borne it. It is better to have had golden dreams that never came true than not to have had them. When a | girl dreams that some day she will be & great singer it is gracious to say to her, “My dear, you have youth, grace and voice, and with the will to win {you will win.” It is much better to | say that than to say, “Sallie, you are silly. Go wash the dishes, mop the kitchen floor, sweep off the front porch and get ready to be the wife of a threadbare clerk, have half a dozen babies, and live in a three-room flat with a fire escape for your garden.” John Bischoff was helpful to many oung persons, and those who were his pupils, some of them, now fighting wrinkles with cosmetics, hold in dear remembrance their music hours in the little studio. * ok % R. BISCHOFF came to Washing- ton in 1875. The 1576 Directory | has this entry: *J. E. Bischoff, organ- | ist, boards 13 Grant place.” The 1878 | Directory has this, in black-face type: Bischoff, teacher of music, Congregational Church, house, 1508 | Tenth northwest.” In 1580 and 1855 he | | was living at No. 7 Grant place, in | 11890 at 1204 K street, in 1896 at 806 | Tenth street, in 1898 at 728 Ninth| | street, in 1900 at 1 street and in | | 1809, the vear of his death, he had | {flat No. 24, 918 M street northwest. What foilows is from The Evening Star, Monday, May 31, 1909: “The funera] of Dr. John W. Bischoff, known as ‘the blind organist of | Washington’ over the United States, | {who died vesterday morning after a | | brief illness, will be held tomorrow aft- ernoon from the First Congregational | Church, Tenth and G streets north- | { west, where for the past 35 years he | had presided at the organ. Rev. Dr. | Samuel H. Woodrow, the pastor, will conduct the service. Interment will be in Rock Creek Cemetery. “Dr. Bischoff had been dangerously ill for more than a week. He suf-| {fered from heart trouble.” The end | came painlessly. About the bedside were his wife, Mrs. Elsie Bond Bischoff and his two children by a previous marriage, Mrs. Lucille Chester of New York and John E. Bischoff of Denver, Dr. Bischoff had not enjoyed perfect health for some time. Sunday eve- ning, May 9, Dr. Woodrow, after the close of the service, found the veteran organist lingering at the organ. He had been there for about half an hour. Dr. Woodrow came back to the choir loft to greet him. Dr. Bischoff closed | the instrument instead of leaving that { duty to the janitor, as was his cus- tom. He then returned to his home ' and took to his bed, from which he never arose. Dr. Bischoff had a host of friends in the Capital City, who kept his room a veritable flower gar- den. Dr. Bischoff had been a familiar figure in the musical history and events of the city for more than a quarter of a century. He was a teacher of the voice, organ, piano, harmony, and a composer of many songs as well as piano and organ pieces. He had a longer list of pupils to his credit during the years of his teaching than any other teacher in the District. Tt has been necessary for many years for him to keep a | waiting list. Dr. Bischoff's studio was {in the side room of the Congregational Church. He was a founder member {of the American Guild of Organists. “He was born in Chicago in 1849. At the age of 2 yvears an attack_of scarlet fever left him sightless. De- spite this barrier, he resolved to make a success in life and took up music. He steadily advanced. After spend- ing a number of vears in the Institute for the Blind at Janesville, Wis., where he never allowed his affiiction to excuse neglect of studies, he dedi- cated his life to music. “He took up his residence in Wash- | ington in 1875, and remained here con- tinuously since that time. His spe- clal forte was voice work. Pupils who have received the benefit of his in- struction are numbered by hundreds. While Dr. Bischoff was an exceedingly busy man, he devoted his leisure to composition and won for himself an enviable reputation with the American public with numerous songs of which he was the author, notably, ‘Suppos- ing!" ‘Take Me, Jamie Dear,’ ‘Un- answered, ‘Marguerite, ‘Proposing.’ ‘Sweetheart,’ ‘Be My Sweetheart,’ ‘Because You Love Me,’ ‘Come, Holy Spirit, and ‘Goodnight, Sweet Dreams.’ * ok K ok 'URNING to The Evening Star, June 2, 1909, the Rambler quotes to vou the first paragraph of the fu Citizen and as a Good Man. DR. BISCHOFF Rambler Finds Interesting Material in His Success as a Musician and in His Place as a neral story: First Congregat closed and mute ional “The big organ of the Church sterday afternoon was during the funeral service over the re- mains of Dr. blind organist touch the gre v t John w. ander Bischoff, the whose instrument often given forth sweetest musc. magic has so Re- posing upon the silent organ were a floral harp and 1 vacant chair was lilfes. The platfc yre rm The organist's heaped with white was flanked by stately palms, and floral offerings were | piled "high upon i H. Woodrow, eulogy.” The pallbearer: pastor, t. Rev. s were Prof. A. N. Skinner, Col. delivered Dr. Samuel the Honorary, ohn Twee- | Beach or Chesapeake Beach while you | his back door to beg, and then adopt the place as home. It is also hard to love your neighbor when he can afford to keep a car and you cannot, and when he spends two weeks at Colonial must get to the office every morning to keep on speaking terms with the grocer, Dr. Bischoff was a good man, meas ured by the best earth-standard. He was in love with his art, and to be in love with one's art is a protection to some of us against other He was blind, and that was a protection against some of the temptations that beset you and me. Dr. Bischoff was lofty minded and that saved him from some of the falls that we get. I have JOHN W. 7B7F(‘HOFF. dale, Danfel Fraser, (X B. Bailey Alfred Wood and Jerome Johnson: tive, J. W. Humph D. B. Miller, H Youngs, jr., and I am sure that good man. Dr D. Lawson, Elphonzo | rden. Bischoff was a T heard that even while he lived and it is quite unusual to speak of breathing men as good, hut when a man is dead it is the fashion to say that he was good. no matter what his reputation was bel for a man not living. The fel neighbor as hin fore. to low isell in is make loves hi very rare. Especially if he has a garden and his neighbor has chi ckens. B his neighbor hates cats and he has two old pet caty and poverty-stric hands out food to | pecially if | It is very hard | great and who en cats which come tol no idea that Dr. Bischoff when he lived was as pious as a saint in the stained glass window of a church, but he was a good man, and if theology is sound he is having a better time | than many of our acquaintances will have when Gabriel bids 'em lay down their money-grubbing tools. Rev. Dr. Stephen M. Newman, pastor of the First Congregational Church, 1885- 1906, wrote of Dr. Bischoff: “He had reverence for sacred things. There was nothing pietistic or sancti- monious in his nature, but he was a truly devout Christian man. He loved the communion service and was de- lighted when he found that he could make a contribution to it by playing the organ softly during the administra- tion of the bread and the cup.” Tivind &y When it came time to write week's ramble I pushed other work and asked Memory to bring {to me an old musician who had ne | had a place in these stories. 1 fille my pipe—with toba of course- | and lighted ft- tobacco—and park |ed my feet on my desk. T do not in that this is the posture to | take when one bids ind to feteh | him a basket of r tions, but it 1 | the best plan T have. T believe that the important part of the formula is | the pipe, and while T was smoking a man came into the office to talk to me about someth not a thing about—there are « two such and after doing his worst he T wish 1 could take that pipe from you. Tobacco is harmfu to the human system, stunts the mind, brings on ‘early death and is offensive to many persons.” I refilled the pipe and lit'er up again. That man is a vegetarian, teetotaler. president of the anti-cussing society a probably wears horse-blinkers when he walks on F street. He Las never made a drop of anything in his cellar, never bought a chan rkey raffle, and looks on a drink of vanilla soda wate as a wild spree. ARsolutely perfect Memory brought ' three some cupboard in mind and them across my One was short, fat. chubby little fellow with bushy. reddish-blond hair. He wore knee breeches and worsted stockings and was riding a bicvele. His name was Prof. Walters Memory told me. 1 knew him vears ago in an off hand way, but his first name would not come to me. 1 will look him up and tell you in another ramble what 1 find. The other shade that walked |across my desk was a thin man witi | black hair. wor nz and careless He was a pianist and composer. He was 2 genial man. tulented and bright |a man’ of d with that | charm one He said **Rambler ago we took many drinks togethe Shoomalker | and ‘the bars of the National, Metro. olitan, Willard and the Ebbitt.” {“Yes.” T said. “I remember you, Lec { Wheat.” The third shade to com upon my desk was that of John W | Bischoff, and I decided to put him i these rambles before writing of Prof. | Walters and Leo Wheat |_ Then I told M to walt whi | T called Experience as to how to s |enough facts—and em right—t |make a story about the blind musiciar 1 called Congregational Church on the | phone, and a voung lady with a de | lightful speaking voice—and sweet. of course—said “He “This is T} |Star—or a small part of ft—the | Rambler—ever hear of the Rambler? | “Y-e-s” with hesitation and doubt and then she said, “Did you say The Star?” “Yes, mise date, or near choff’s death Call Mr. Fishback, Main “Thank you.” “Central, Main 7 “Line is busy Later I got Frederick on the wire in his offce wagen's building, site of Wormley's | Hotel, Fifteenth and H. where my bal |ance 'last week was $2.15. and this week overdrawn. Mr. Fishback has been a member of the First Congre gational Church since November, 1888 T find that in a booklet, ‘The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the | First Congregational Church,” printed in November, 1915. Mr. Fishback is | the author of a pamphlet, “Washing- ton City, Tts Founding and Develop. ment,” read before the Columbia His torical Society November 16, 1916. Tt is & valuable work on a subject that is of some account. Fred is also a lawyer, but T forgive him. It might be worse. He might have been a doctor, banker or real estate agent Mr. Fishback gave me the date of Dr. Bischoff's death and I turned to’ The Evening Star file of May and June, 1909. Then T called on Memory and Imagination to help me out. T also asked Knowledge to aid me with this ramble, but she did not hear m¢ know men in the 1 1 the want to find out the date, of Dr. Bi L. Fishback in Ed Stell -