Evening Star Newspaper, June 28, 1925, Page 31

Everyday Religion ot a Talk on Theology, But Upon Life and Right Living. BY RIGHT REV. JAME : Bishop of ARLY ANSOCIATIONS. Lul 3 c3 where he had been St. areth, brought HE methi onts i = about ea wiron: that is con hment of old ind - habits living. The Than or woman who does not feel the awing and compelling power associations loses out of life the est and most wholesome expes of which we have knowled an old son whom we have loved and lost brings back a flood of memor serve to stimulate the better gotten things of our natu were possible for us to periodi to places associated with of our early life, we would not » far from the ways of and wholesome living % w th, for If it it We like that homely passage writ ten about Christ, “Me came to Naz areth, where He had been brought up. There was little about this ancient town that was attractive. It was community of s folk, but youth Jesus had learned the ways and habits of His community and in His own humble home He had felt the impact of influenc Iy turned in the you manhood. That He exper the customary discipline ed the well defined practices ish home is clearly evide the fatigue of long hours of toil and shared the refreshment that comes from contact with kindred spirits. Tk human element in life was con- spicuously evident azareth Here it w it in a carpenter’s shop He approached most nearly and intimate- the things of our common life. Nazareth speaks to us of Jesus the child. the vouth and the oung man. We can follow Him sympatheti 3t in His tragic ed follow: Jew- He felt 15 1 me to Naz- ly of old weet- ences Even or hymn gung once by one while | ally re- the sane ally E. FREEMAN, D. D., W ashington. | und understandingly as He goes to | Nazareth, where He had been brought up. We have no doubt that His re rn to His home town had a definite lesign and purpose. We are bound to | believe that from His brief visit He | snined refreshment and inspiration for o reflection and the | (the mighty tasks that lay before him. vs PR How few of us there are today who maintain unbroken contact with the ssociations and environment of early | life Our age is characterized by a migratory tendency. very properly have on,our escutcheon | the” legend, ‘‘Here #ave we no con- | tinuing_city. Broken contacts have a tendency promote and encourage broken habits. The late Chief Justice Fuller {made it a practice to return periodi- cally to the scenes and associations of | his childhood and youth. He gained {from these pilgrimages both refresh- ment and inspiration. He lived over ain the scenes and ociations that molded and shaped h areer in the plastic period of youth. He felt again |the fine impulses that proceeded from n environment made sacred by the remories of those who were nearest nd dearest to him in life. |to | | | * % % | “Stand ye in the way and see and for the old paths.” is a call that need to hear and heed frequently. yme one has suggestively said con- cerning our hectic age that the streets are full of men and women running about “carrying their souls in their | satchels.” Tt were well for us in our hurried life, living as most of us do in cities, to spend a small portion of ! our vacation period in places and amid scenes that bring back the homely but exceedingly wholesome ways of | earlier days. We would have a larger and perhaps a better understanding of | veligion if like Jesus of Nazareth we |could go betides to the place where we have been brought up. (Copsright, 1925.) Equality Is Seen as Only Basis For Effecting Security Pact (Continued from First Page.) & witness and . depository than as a princi t is not necessary to take it ver riously. It is a gestu douht it even represents a German Fope, but at the very least it does att t measure of American attentic a German proposal. Thus, 255 American role be out of the Germany must hope to et e added publicity of a favor- able sort for 4 project which is beyond any question designed to aid in re habilitating Germany in the eyes of the allied world solid Freedom Is Sought. In the long negotiation which must follow the German answer to French interrogations, the whole German ef- fort, as the chancellor indicated in a recent significant speech, will be di- rected toward achieving freedom from every sort of restraint incident to the treaty of Versailles and undoubted! the Germans will endeavor to obtain. not merely the evacuation of the Cologne zone, following that of the Ruhr, which should take place in August, but also the allied retire- ment from the other two zones where, under the treaty, the allies are thorized to stay until 1930 and 193 They will also endeavor to have the the plebiscite in the Saar Basin, thus insuring the re- turn of this district to Germany, be- yond any question. Beyond these specific advantages Germany will seek to remove as far @&s possible all chance of any new oc- cupation. For the moment the dom- inating thought in all German minds is to get the armies of occupation out and insure themselves against any return. At the me time the Ger- man government Is certain to disclose very stiff insistence upon being treated not as a defeated nation, but as a great power. Any effort to put the present negotlation upon the basis of previous conferences, any at- tempt to treat Germany other than as an equal would certainly lead in- stantly to difficulti On the other hand, the Germans are so obviously eager to free their own territory that they are not at all likely to repulse the ¥rench note despite the protests which filled the German press in the first days following its publication. Bearing in mind all the many ob- #tacles and recalling all the previous <failures, it still seems to me that the chance of achieving something useful 1s greater than at any time since the war and that the peoples of the three 1! | sreat powers immediately concerned, namely, Britain, France and Ger- |many, ‘are in 'a more reasonable frame of mind than at any previous time since 1914. The election of Hin- | denburg was unfortunate, because it renewed French apprehensions; the recent allied note to Germany in the matter of disarmament was a blunder, | because it not only wounded German | susceptibilities, but it also revived | German suspicion that the allies meant to stay permanently on the Rhine. Agreement Necessary. Nevertheless, the hopeful circum- stance is that all three governments really désire some kind of understand- | ing, and the majority of the people in each of the three nations percelve that some form of agreement is the only escape from a bad situation, bound to grow steadily worse. Euro- pean publics are weary, disillusioned. certainly bitter; but the gravest dan- to peace today does not come from the desire of any people to pur- | sue ends which are only to be realized | by a new war, but rather from the still patent conviction that peace is, after all, unattainable. It is three months to the September meeting of the League of Nations. It Germany is to join the league, it is at that meeting that she would naturally be admitted. The French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr should, under the London agreement, be terminated in August and the British evacuation of the Cologne sector might easily fol- low on the heels of the Ruhr Tetire- ment. Certainly not a little effort will be made to present an Anglo- Franco-German agreement to the Ge- neva assembly. In any event, it must be clear that the next three months have an importance for Europe hard- ly equaled by any since the close of the Paris conference. And the confident British assertion that if the guaranty pact can be put through, Europe can look forward to a generation of peace, hardly seems excessive. The real dangers now lie, first, in some nationalistic folly in Germany, and, secondly, in some sim- ilar expression in France, where it is plain a domestic pelitical change is at hand—a change which seems bound to bring more conservative and exi- gent influences into control. The dis- appearance of the Luther-Stresemann cabinet in Germany or of Briand in France might easily prove as great a. temporary disaster as the fall of Mac- Donald last year, which postponed and complicated negotiations gravely. (Copyright, 1925.) Distrust of Grain Markets General, BY ARTHUR CAPPER. nited States Senator From Kansas. I am satisfied that there has never %een a time when there was as gen- eral distrust of grain marl J m: 1y of live stock markets, a this moment. 1 was surprised cently in Chi arn that many of the leading n men on the Chi- cago Board Trade are also di turbed. not much by public criti- cism of the Board of Trade, to Which they are accustomed, but by the a tion of the market itself. Such ruin- ous swings from day to da made the sensatio wheat market last Winter and this Spring alarmed even veteran trader: At the same time these grain deal- ers and speculators, 1 believe, haven't the slightest conception of the feeling out in the agricultural country. The live stock industr the grain farme: have little faith left in their markets. They do not Tegard the market in which they sell and which determines the price they receive for their labors in produc et at all—a marke place in which demand and supply de- termine values from day to d The effect of this loss of confidence i5 to shake the producer’s confidence in hi§ own plans. Many persons, in discussing the runaway grain market this vear, have remarked that it did not ously affect the farmer, who had already marketed his grain. The farmer, however, is not relieved from his anxiety over markets by this cir- eumstancq, for he has no assurance that such irregular and violent fluctuations will always occur when he 1s out of the market. Moreover, this is not merely a question of the farmer. \While few farmers were fmmediately affected by the peculiar antics of the grain market last Win- ter and Spring, all millers were af- fectc?, as well as dealers in grain. In fact, the legitimate grain business was entirely up in the air and was at the mercy of a few great speculators whose manipulations on-one side and the other dominated the entire grain business of the world for a period of months. Secretary Jardine has invited the boards of trade to co-operate with the Department of Agricul‘vic in es gablishing rules of trading, especially, of Capper Asserts in options and \hort selling, that will be enforced and observed. It may be, as he suggests, that such arbitrary rules as have recently been adopted in_the cotton and coffee ex- changes _limiting the fluctuations permitted on any one day will have a desirable effect. But if option dealing and wide speculation by oth- ers than persons engaged in the le- gitimate marketing or conditioning of grain cannot be controlled, then the danger that boards of trade face s abolishment of such kinds of spec- ulation. What T would say to the boards of trade at Chicago and _elsewhere, which purport to conduct a grain market in which demand and supply determine values is that if private associations permitted by law to con- duct a _market place for a whole na- tion's food supply confess that they are helpless to prevent manipula- Ition on a gigantic scale and running over perfods of months, it is as cer- tain as the rising of tomorrow’s sun that regulation will be taken out of | their hands. Not only grain dealers and others dependent on the grain market, but the grain growers would prefer to see boards of trade do their own regulating and house cleaning. They will not wait indefinitely upon them, however, to do so. In the meantime it is up to the associations that con- duct the markets to win back public faith in them. If the evils univer- sally acknowledged are not remedied from the inside, then they must be remedied, if possible, by law. Peru Railroads Prov: Costly; Capital Is Shy Engineering difficulties presented by |lofty mountains and steadily increas- ing costs of railroad construction and equipment have been responsible for the tardiness with which Peru's rail communications have been extended. Peru has had to pay for her railroads approximately $50,000 per mile. Be- cause of the difficulty and expense of construction, outside capital has been slow to seek railroad concessions in Peru, except where valuable mining properties have been the objective. Most of us might | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JUNE 28, 1925—PART 2. %Kato Says Japan Has Room for Own People; 'Wants Only the Friendship of America | | Editor's mote.—Japan has mo | policy of aggression in the Pacific; | #he covets mo.American posses- | sions; while grieved by the Ameri- can exclusion law she knows that her citizens are needed-at home and hopes that the sting of dis- crimination may be removed by conference; her whole foreign pol- icy is to strive for continued peace. These are a few of the points that Viscount Kato, premier of Japan, emphasized in’ the following very notable interview with Ed- ward Price Bell, representative of The Star and the Chicago Daily News, now in the Orient to deter- mine the future outlook for peace in the Pacific. Already this article has received recognition in Ameri- can high official circles as an impor- tant contribution to international good_understanding. It is a con- tinuation of the series of remark- able interviews Mr. Bell has had with the active heads of the gov- ernments of the world. BY EDWARD PRICE BELL. favorite theme said Viscount Takaaki Kato, prime min- ister of Japan, as he sat talking slowly and quietly in a handsome drawing reom of Eng- ilish type at the official residence, {Tokio. “Peace and its fruits,” thoughtfully went on the calm, long- faced, refined, simplespoken states- man, “increasingly and, I believe, with growing promise of success, in- spire the efforts of government and peoples everywhere.” Our special theme was the peace of the Pacific. “It touches us, of course, with dis- tinctive “intimacy continued the prime minister, taking a cigarette, holding it for a moment, lighting it and smoking unhurriedly. “To the peace of the Pacific we Japanese are devoted. We are devoted to it ardently. It never will be broken by a wanton act by Japan. I see no warrant for prophecies of a warlike initiative in the Pacific from any urce. Who could contemplate such an event without horror? Drawing Closer Together. “You think, then, the cause of peace is making headway?”" “I do. Its importance is better un- derstood than in former times. Last year saw a great improvement in in- ternational relations. Europe set her feet on the path of revival and pros- perity. International co-operation and reciprocal confidence were shown in the unraveling of the tangled skein of reparations. Public men of pow- erful states added to their knowledge of world affairs. Examination of tional situations and points of vie left peoples less far apart in under- standing and sympathy. Only educa- tion of this kind is necessary to the consolidation of peace.” “What do you think of the press of the world in relation to’the struggle for peace?” “I think its power and duty enor- mous. I am appealing on every suit- able occasion for journalistic support of the persons and institutions whose aim is peace. Newspapers are among the most vital agencies of humanity. Food, water and air scarcely affect human life more widely or essential- ly, for newspapers afford spiritual and intellectual stimulation and sus- tenance for the masses of the world. Pure newspapers, informed and hon- est newspapers, generous and fearless newspapers, it probably is not too much to say, would insure the moral and mental health of nations, and nations morally and mentally healthy would have no desire to go to war.” Kato’s Wide Experience. Speaking was a statesman and diplomatist of large experience, born of a Samurai family of Nagoya in 1860, graduated at law from the Im- perial University of Tokio, trained in 3 s with me,"” BY ROBT. UNDERWOOD JOHNSON Former American Ambassador to Italy. HE French saying when mys- terious crimes occur, ‘“‘Cherchez la Femme! (look for the woman), now has a counterpart in inter- national disturbances, ‘‘Cher- chez les Soviets!” ‘We seem to be on the eve of new upheavals in many quarters of the globe. The Egyptian phase of revolt culminated in the murder of Sir Stack; the outbreak in Bulgaria forced the authorities to resort to violence in order to repress violence; Bess- arabia, the buffer of Rumania, is constantly being invaded from Rus- slan Moldavia. Similar unrest has been reported from Indla, Afghanis- tan, Persia and Mexico. The two most recent outbreaks have been in Canton, which has become the center of a | tactional strife that takes on the color of civil war, and in Morocco, where natives of the RIiff have challenged the overlordship of France, which, under the wise and benevolent con- trol of Marshal Lyautey, appeared to be complete. Reds Proud of Work. In nearly every one .of these in- stances the red hand of Moscow is seen pulling the wires behind the cur- tain. Indeed it is significant that there is not only no effort on the part of the Russians to conceal this com- plicity, but a desire to exploit it, as a matter of pride in what can be accom- plished when the bolshevist plan of universal disorder is put in operation. Only the other day one of the lea ers of the Soviet junta boasted that any country that would dare to attack Russia would find itself confronted with a revolution at home. This brazen attitude is intended to hearten adherents and strike terror to ene- mies. But it is not mere bluff, though it is_in keeping with the boast that the United States will soon recognize the Moscow government! It reminds one of the instructions given to Soviet agents all over the world by Tchitcherin and Zinoviev to this effect: “In each country and com. munity break down the influence of every person and every institution of prominence, whether by violence, by scandal or otherwise. Once this level- ing process is accomplished, there will be a chance for us.” Stir Up Factlonalism. In such troubled waters the Soviets find the best fishing. It is nothing to them which faction in a local difficulty shall succeed, so long as they are able to array one against another. There are indications that they have not given up hope of fomenting trouble in the United States, though at the present mgment there is apparently a lull in their sur- face activities. With the ingenuity of the busy one they are working in many directions to undermine Ameri- can ideas, allying themselves with every domestic force of disintegration or disloyalty, with lawlessness and special privilege and the rush for money and with the sodden indiffer- ence of those ‘Whose love of right is for themselves And not for all‘the world. They are trying hard and patiently to get a foothold in the public school system, which, whatever its minor RED HAND OF MOSCOW FELT ALL OVER WORLD the official hierarchy bf Japan, a crown member of the House of Peers, twice a member of the House of Com- mons, four times minister of foreign affairs, leader of the Kenseikai party formed by the late Prince Katsura and for many years Japahese Am- bassador to London, where the late King Edward decorated him with the knight commandership of the Order of St. Michael and St. George It was a pleasure to study the man and his personality as he smoked and talked. He has the forehead of a thinker. His hair is cut rather short and is gray about the temples. He has a small gray moustache: other. wise his face is smooth. His black eyebrows are silvering at the ends. Hig eyes are dark, serene, reflective, triendly and frequently humorous. He often smiles, sometimes chuckles and never makes a gesture of the hands. If he has troubles or anxieties he does not show them; there is no rift in his composure. Some idea of his nature may be gained from his affectionate esteem of Lord Grey of Fallodon, whom he regards as a statesman of surpassing sanity and good will. Wants Peace With America. “It puzzles me that Japan's peaceful disposition should be questioned by any one,” said the viscount. “We en- joyed an unbroken peace of three cen- turies. Its matchless blessing, there- fore, we know. We know how it fur- thers science and art, how it elevates the soul of a people, how it promotes their individual and social welfare and what impetus it gives to the progress of ordered freedom. War is fatal to ordered freedom. This fact Japan un- derstands, and Japan loves ordered | defects, is still the first line of fense of American principles In these circumstances can it be| believed that any man in his senses would palter with the situation? All the great powers—England, Germany, Italy, France and Japan—have burnt their fingers at this mephitic flame and each has seen too late the folly of having recognized the Soviet gov- ernment. Only the United States, with prudence and a foresight de- amounting to clairvoyance, has re- sisted this advance. We knew instinctively the peril of Communist penetration and it is not to be believed that any Senator, how- ever sincere and courageous, can move the Government from its con- firmed position of wise action. To yleld now would be to join our mad- ness to -others’ folly. It is idle to invent the myth of the good and gentle bolshevist. Let the sentimentalists consider this re- cent utterance of one of the greatest men of the day, Mr. Masaryk, presi- dent of the republic of Czechoslovakia: “In time of revolution and of war, human life becomes valueless. In this respect the bolsheviki are on the lowest plane. I have seen with my own eyes the misdeeds of the bolshevist revolutionists. A savage brutality, which turned into bestiality, had free sway there. What stirred me most in these outrageous acts was the utter futility of the large number of victims sacrificed.” Cherchez les Soviet: BY HARVEY W. WILEY, Former Chief of the Federal Bureau of Chemistry. It has been nearly 20 years since the food and drugs law went into effect and during all except a few months of the first year of its en- frocement it has been hampered more or less by illegal and unwise restric- tions. The proneness of people to forget is most characteristically illustrated by the apparent lack of interest at the present time in the failure to rigidly enforce this act, intended to protect the health and pocketbooks of our people against danger and loss. The paralysis of the food law has last- ed so long it is something like one suffering from chronic paralysis. The clot on the brain has become encysted, and no one expects the patient ever to get well. This is charactertsic of the attitude of the public press and the people at large on the present dis- abled condition of the food and drugs {act administration. It is my ambition before I leave this world to see all the illegal restric- tions which have been put around the enforcement of the law removed. It is a_simple proposition. Congress pre- scribed certain methods of carrying the law into effect. Among these there were duties prescribed to the VISCOUNT TAKAAKI KATO, PREMIER OF JAPAN. freedom. War resembles an earth- quake. War is, in a sense, an earth- quake; it shatters the liberties of men, sets fire to their possessions, destroys their lives. Japan does not like earth- quakes. True, she has fought two great wars, but they were wars of de- fense—not 'a_trace of militaristic ag- fon in either of them.” What should your excellency say specifically about Japano-American relations “I_should first. and with all ble emphasis, that Japan wants se relations kept on a basis of firm friendship. and will neglect no step to that end. Grieved by Certain American Laws. “‘How about our naturalization, land and immigration laws?" “Touching these and all other mat- ters that may come up between the United States and Japan, this céuntry proposes nothing and, contemplates nothing but friendly discussion. Friend- ly discussion is becoming the rule of the world. It is educative. It is moral- ly powerful. It isa thousandfold bet- ter for clearing the international air, for unvelling truth and justice, than are the dust and smoke of battle. Japan depends upon time, friendshiy, argument and conscience to right any wrong from which xhe and other hon- est nations ma suffer. “Certain American laws have sur- prised and grieved the Japanese peo- ple, all the more because the Japanese long have felt that America was a seat of especial friendship toward them. It was not a practical thing, the thing which hurt. It was a sentimental thing, and sentiment plays a large part in Japanese life, as, I suppose, in the life of every advanced people. Our citizens, prizing their exceptional his- torical ties with America, belleving themselves exponents of the ideals of the American republic, devoted stu dents of American cubtoms, achieve ments and culture, and feeling they had won a place in the front rank of civilized powers, naturally were shock- ed and pained when they realized that America appeared to regard them as deserving of adverse discrimination among the nationalities of the world. Wishes to Keep Citizens. “It was, I repeat, a sentimental mat- ter. Nothing practical upon which we had set our hearts had been taken away from us. No wide door of op- portunity had been closed against us. We merely were wounded in our feel- ings. Our friends had done something we did not expect and could not help adjudging unjust. If there was popu- lar resentment in Japan for a time it quickly subsided, for the impression spread that the heart of America was not unfriendly to Japan, and that ra- tional discussion finally would redress the sentimental balance between the two couutries. Talk of a league of white nations, presumably directed against Japan among others, and of American naval maneuvers and mill- tary intentions in the Pacific disturb- ed our people slightly, but that unrest also passed without harmful conse- Qquences. “Japan remains friendly to the United States and expects a favorable issue of all intergovernmental conver- satlons and negotiations affecting the permanent relations of the two coun- tries. Concerning naturalization, I al- ways have been opposed to it—op- posed, I mean, to pressing other gov- ernments to naturalize Japanese sub- jects. Sentimentally, of course, there is an objection to a refusal of natural- ization on the ground of political ori- §in or of race, but personally I never could bring myself to urge something involving the expatriation of my fel- low countrymen. I want to conserve our population, not open the way for its loss to our commonwealth. Disloyalty of Resident Aliens. “To anti-alien land laws in Japan 1 always have been opposed. Happily, such legislation exists here no more. It never was needed, for the exces- sive dearness of Japanese 1and pre- cluded its passing on a large scule into the hands of foreigners. In Eu- rope and America land is sold by the acre; here it is sold by the square foot. If there were danger, for ex- ample, of a considerable acreage in America falling to the ownership of non-American Japanese, or other ir.- migrants of non-American citizen ship, T suppose legislation would be advisable to protect the native patii- mony. But there is only a handful of such Japanese in ,our country and this handful will nof increase appre- ciably. xaggeration, in our view. con- sistently has marked the anti-Japa- ne:e propaganda in the Uni‘ed States. Misleading statistics, as we think, nave been employed for prefudicial The following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended June 27 The British Empire.—A general strike in the coal-mining industry of ireat Britain is threatened. The pres- ent wage agreement expires June 30. A general conference of delegates of the miners’ federation will open on July 3 to take final action on the mine owners’ proposals. The owners pro pose 46 working hours in the week instead of the present 42 They further propose to withdraw the 14 per cent increase granted under the | existing agreement. The industry is terribly depressed. Since last Novem- ber the number of unemployed miners has increased by 67,000. Trouble on the railways threatened. On_leaving Pretoria the other duy the Prince of Wales placed a wreath on the grave of Paul Kruger. The also is whether it be of his own initiative or Story Week Has Told Comprehensive Survey of Latest Events in United States and Abroad. BY HENRY W. BUNN ously incommoded by a strike of Chi nese; the coastwise shipping centered there is hard hit. | Shamien, by good advice. C. R. Das, leader of the Swaraj movement in India and formerly president of the Indian National Con gress, is dead. A notable man. * X x % France.—The Wednesday session of the French Chamber of Deputies end- ernment on its Moroccan policy. to 30. Twenty-six four near-Red Socialists voted contra. It was a lively session. The notor: ous Communist deputy Doriot. after other treasonable remarks, declared “We, the Communists, are with Russia and against you. We are with Morocco. We are with every nation in revolt against your capitalist civili- zation.” Thereupon old Col. Picot, suffering from war wounds, mounted the rostrum and “landed one” on M Doriot’s chin. A free-forall fight fol lowed in which some very distin- guished men participated.” When or der had been restored, Col. Picot apologized for causing the ruction, and M. Herriot, president of the chamber, “allowed” that disciplinary action was not “Indicated” in his case. Premier Painleve may not go ahead vigorously in Morocco. He announced that he would not make peace ap. proaches to the RIff leader. “If,” said he, “we took the least initiative to- ward peace negotiations, our action would make our situation more and would make our situation more difficult.” It seems likely that the Communist deputies Dorfot and Marty will lose their parliamentary immunity and be prosecuted for treason-giving informa- tion to Abd-el-Krim, corrupt French troops, etc the Painleve government.” week. The French parliamen and alarmist purposes. Theve nas been a false attribution of sentiments and motives to Japanese individuals znd to the Japanese government. It has been said that in no circum- riances can a Japanese iminigrant, or even a Japanese born in the United States, be instinctively and unalterably loyal to thc American flag. It has been charged in Cali- fornia propagandist literature that the Japanege government retains con - trol over the Japanese in America and countenances their vecret dis- lovalty to the country of their adop- tion or birth. Attitude Toward Emigrants. “Very earnestly do I wisl exagwera- tion srd misstatement relative to this question might be avoided. I wish it could be discussed with no passion eXcept a passion for the (Continued on Fourteenth Page.) U. S. ECONOMIC RELATION TO LATIN AMERICA By DR. L. S. ROWE Director General of the Pan-American Union. HE outstanding impression of the traveler in Latin America is the fundamental change that has taken place in our economic relation to those countries. Briefly stated, we have ad- vanced from the period of ‘“adven- ture” to the period of ‘“permanent investment.” This means a far more profound change than appears on the surface. Latin America is no longer the happy hunting ground of the con- cession hunter, but has become a great field for permanent investment, investment that means progress and prosperity to the countries affected. This new investment era has brought with it & new type of American resi- dent in Latin America; men who are {dentifying themselves with the life and thought of the countries with which they have thrown in their lot; men who are taking part in the work of the communities in which they live and who are making themselves fac- tors in the larger life of these com- munities. There is also a profound change in the policy of the American companies operating in Latin America. They are not only mindful of the social welfare of the great masses of labor- ers employed by them, but are plac- ing them on a new and higher plane of industrial efficiency. There is today a tendency in some Pure Food Law Is Hampered By Restrictions, Says Dr. Wiley prescribed duty of the Bureau of Chemistry was to examine samples of foods and drugs for the purpose of ascertaining if they were adulterated or misbranded. This function car=at possibly be taken away from the iu- reau except by act of Congress. ~ Those engaged in adulterating foods and drugs, however, thought they saw a means not of repealing the law, but of nullifying. With the collaboration of high officials of the Government, they devised methods by means of which the activities of the Bureau of Chemistry were almost paralyzed. If permission to use bodies of doubt- ful wholesomeness is recalled and the Bureau of Chemistry thus permitted to resume its function, alt of those using these bodies may be. called be- fore the Federal courts to justify their action. This is all that the law con- templates. When Federal courts act upon these matters, unless appeal be taken, thelr decisions are final. What I want to do just now is to get such an interest created in this country looking to the restoring of the law to the activities which Con- gress intended it should engage in that the competent officials of the Department of Agriculture may be led by the facts of the case and by a sense of duty to the public to cancel all orders, decisions, regulations and everything of this kind which, under Bureau of Chemistry, over which I|the present conditions prevent, the full presided at the time the law went into effect, the first of January, 1907. The and complete enforcement of the act itself. DEFINED | auarters to look upon the extension of American investments in Latin America as a form of imperialism, carrying with it the menace of dom- ination in those countries. It is a matter of very real importance that public opinion should not be misled Wwith reference to this matter. If there is one lesson to be drawn from the history of American investments in Latin America it is that there is a constantly decreasing rather than an increasing tendency on the part of American companies to interfere in local affairs or to concern them- selves with local politics. Our American companies have learned the ‘lessons that aloofness from local politics is the policy which in the long run best subserves their interests. An important factor in this advance has been an increasing ap- preciation of the importance of cul- tivating national good will as a company asset. This picture of the rapidly expand- ing influence of the United States, characteristic of every section of Latin America, is a matter which challenges the earnest consideration of every thoughtful citizen. The question of the use that we are going to make of this power is one that con- stantly presses itself upon the travel- er in Latin America and ix also in the minds of Latin American peoples. “Temptations” Cited. Are we going to succumb to the same temptations that have brought ruin to other powerful nations, or, are we going to use this great power in the interest of international justice and fair dealing? Let us not for a moment delude ourselves with the thought that we enjoy any special Immunity in this respect. There is every reason to suppose—yes, there is almost a certainty—that with each year this influence will increase. The situation carries with it not only heavy responsibilities, but the neces- sity for constant and increasing vigl- jlance to avold that abuse of power which, has preceded the decline of every great nation which history has hitherto recorded. We must have sufficient faith in the self-control, in the basic idealism and in the spirit of service of the people of the United States to believe that we will avold the pitfalls that have wrought the ruin of other powerful nations. But it is equally certain that in order to avold them we must not permit ourselves to be lulled to sleep either by an exaggeration of our national superiority, or by any false notions of our natlonal superfority. Eternal vigilance, combined with the deterpiination to make real and effective the high purposes upon which American democracy rests, will be the only effective and per. mament safeguard. Gold in North Finland. In the Ivaloda Valley, in northern Finland, has been found gold-bearin; sand In which the percentage of gold is so high as to make the washing quite profitable. For the purpose of operating there a company with a capital of 6,000,000 marks has been formed, and the wash- ing will ,gn:tn In the near future. { b prompt dispatch of reinforcements. The casualties to French troops in the Moroccan fighting up to June 19 are reported as 500 killed and 1600 wounded, the latter including about 350 grave cases. More than 80 per cent of the severely wounded have been conveyed to base hospital by air ambulance. This development of the hospital service is an admirable one, especially for such a climate as that of Morocco. where treatment of wounds while fresh is so important 1 must postpone discussion of the important proposals, submitted by Caillaux to the chamber on looking to amelloration of the fiscal situation. The French government has an- nounced the intention of evacuating, on or prior to August 15, French troops from Ruhr territory east of the line Oberhausen-Muelheim-Kettwig. * * k% Greece.—Well it was about time for another little coup, and here it is. Gen. Pangalos of Greece has obliged. Gen. Pangalos is a firebrand, a chau- vinist, your “strong man.” He is in fact a brave soldier of a good deal of military_ability, but a dublous states- man. He efficiently reorganized the army after the Anatolian debacle; he is idolized by the troops. As gen- eralissimo, in 1922, he applied the pressure ‘hich forced the revolu- tionary committee to commit the fa- mous “judiclal murders” of Constan- tinians: a lamentable business. Later he plotted to oust the revolu- tionary committee and proclaim a re- public, expecting as head of affairs to resume the war against the Turk and save Eastern Thrace for Greece, but he was balked by the revolutionary committee and deprived of the chief command. Thursday’s coup was ‘“‘pulled off” with perfect ease without bloodshed. A few fusillades were fired just for style. The army and navy adhered unanimously. Pangalos demanded the resignation of the cabinet headed by Michalakopoulos, head of the Con- servative wing of the Republican party, and got it. Poor old Admiral Konduriotes patriotically stays on against the grain, as provisional president. Pangalos charges that the late government showed itself in- efficient in domestic administration and weak in its international deal- ings. Negotiations looking to a new treaty between Greece and Jugoslavia were broken off some weeks ago un- der pressure from Pangalos, who saw them tending to the prejudice of Greece. One hears that a main justi- fication of his coup was the intention of the Michalakopoulos government to resume these negotiations. A new government has been sworn in with Pangalos as premier and minister of war. It is reassuring to {learn from a manifesto that this gév- ernment is strong and pure and a perfect expression of the will of the people. * K ok ok China.—~The anti-foreign agitation in China alarmingly increased during the past week, Canton being the chief danger spot. Shanghai has been com- paratively quiet, no doubt in part be- cause of the presence in the Chinese suburbs of a considerable detachment of Manchurian huskies under the com- mand of Chang Tso-lin’s son, who has established martial law in the old Chinese city and the suburbs and has co-operated with authorities on the international settlement in the patrol of the latter. To include the 25th the anti-foreign strike continued full-blast, recalcitrance being cruelly punished by the strike leaders. More- over, an order by the Chinese Cham. ber of Commerce for reopening of shops was canceled under terroristic pressure. The strikers have been re- ceiving contributions from all over China, and spiritual pabulum in mes- sages of sympathy from Moscow (a report just received states that the general strike is ended and that stores are reopening. Shipping, however, remains completely tied up, and the Japanese and British mills are still closed). Hankow is quiet, thanks to an effi- cient tuchun of the conservative school. Grave - situations, though without violence against forcigners, are reported from several towns. Re- ports requiring confirmation tell of a Japanese customs official killed and two other Japanese injured at Wu- chow (west of Canton), of the Japanese consul at Changking and Chinklang assaulted by mobs; of a Japanese in the service of the salt Gabelle at Wuhu assaulted; of some not very considerable _destruction of foreign property at Ningpo. Hongkong is seri- Friday, | | wounding | charge is made tha attempting to | The SociaMst deputies have resolved | the agitation on ‘‘entire freedom of action toward |agitation w There was little fighting of conse-|the note, to rght the Wwrongs commission in Morocco in its first re-|treaties to end port to the French Chamber urged|(hipese sovereignty. is at Canton. that, the war of factions at being would have anti-foreign agitation expected to do their part doing it. zan most of the forelgners remaining of the Chinese city But the outstanding development I remarked last week Canton Reds over, the leisure victorious to join in the and might be They are Since the faction war be. t Canton hamien, have been cooped up the British settlement in B on an artlficlal island in the Pearl River separated by a al. from a suburl On the 2ist a strike was de. general anti-foreign | clared, and, obedient to guild orders all the Chinese employes in Shamien left the island. On the 23d there was 4 great parade on the bund opposite headed by cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy, with prince always does the graceful thing, | /fieS and machine guns. Suddenly the cadets opened fire on Shamien, killing one Frenchman and three British subjects British and French marines returned | the fire and ended the little demon | stration. The next day Chinese again fired on Shamien, killing sev eral foreigners and wounding a good many more. Chinese casualties were heavy on both occasions, perhaps suf ed with a voteé of confidence to the gov- | ficiently so to cool the Chinese ardor 510 | for Communists and | | that sort of proceeding. Fortu nately most of the foreign women and children and missionaries have been evacuated to Hongkong. The the Canton gov ernment authorities not merely sym pathize with the strike, but even brought pressure on the guilds or like associations to make it effective If the charge be true the protestations by the authorities of regret for the tacks signify little. All quiet at ton on Friday. * The provisional government at Peking and the diplomatic corps give each other the lie courteous, but abso lute, respecting responsibility for the unfortunate events at Shanghai; from whatever motive or mixture of mo tives (funk perhaps, perhaps sym pathy with the agitation and convic tion of its righteousness) the govern ment (without, of course, approvinz violence) indorses the claims of the agitators. In one of its latest notes it demands release of the Chinese convicted by the Shanghai mixed court in connection with the recent disturbances, and cancellation of their sentences; apology; reinstatement of the strikers under improved working conditions; participation of Chinese residents of the international settle ment in the government thereof, and more in like sort. Thence it sweeps on to the grand questions underlying to open up which the S, one may. rcely doubt, ingeniously planned. It time, says suffered quence in Morocca during the past|hy China from the powers, to revise uniliteral of and impairments ‘When, says_the note, :China entered the World War on the allies’ side, she was encouraged to hope for a definite improvement of her international status. Quite true. Great, therefore, is the disappoint ment of the Chinese people to find China’s international status still little improved, in some respects inferior to that of the defeated nations. Extra territorfal courts, leased territories, externally imposed tariffs—the defeat ed nations do not suffer these indig nities. China does. An international conference at an early date to cor rect these injustices is clearly “in dicated,” says the note. The powers are embarrassed, naturally. * ok x ¥ United States of America.—In the opinion of the umpires of the “grand joint exercise,” 7,000 men should be added to the mobile garrison at Scho field Barracks. There is now a force of about 15,000 on_the Island of Hawaii. On June 25 negotiations began in Washington looking to the funding of the debt of the Itallan government to our Government. The principal of that debt is (approximate figures) $1.648,000.000. the accrued interest. $490,675,000. (Similar negotiations con- cerning Italy’s debt to Great Britain have begun or will soon begin.) A Belgian debt funding commission headed by former Premier Theunis will arrive in Washington in July Belgium owes us (including accrued interest) about $471,824,000. Perhaps France will soon be sending a debt commission to Washington, Czechoslovakia and Jugoslavia like- wise. France owes us (including ac- crued interest) about $4,137,000,000. Czechoslovakia about $115.528,000 and Jugoslavia about $45,000,000. Altogether there ig due us from 20 governments about $12,000,000,000. The Paris fashions in Fall coats have ar The patterns are very interesting, not to say “nifty,” and all_ temperaments may be suited. For the melancholy lover, for ex- ample, “the broken trellis” is just the thing: for the 100 per cent Nordic, the “geometric,” that typical Nordic de sign, would be the ticket. The waist line is not brutally represented; it s at most adumbrated or whispered And, oh, the colors! * ok ok % They are just lovely—periwinkle, onion brown, willow smoke, eucalyp. tus, clair de lune, peau de peche, crushed strawberry: no end of choice “sweet chuck.” The masculine and feminine models are scarcely dis tinguishable, which is quite as it should be under the new dispensation This summary has too long neglect ed the interest of the dandiacal part of mankind. Notes.—On June 17 the international conference on control of the trafficin arms and munitions ended its labors at Geneva. I hope to find space here after for discussion, of the resulting arms traffic convention and protocol banning the use of asphyxiating gases and bacteria in warfare. ‘The third congress of the Interna- tional Chamber of Commerce opened at Brussels on June 21 and ended on the 26th. The discussions of the Dawes plan and the war debts were very interesting. Will or won't the Dawes plan work when the time ar- rives for the larger payments? Our delegates say it will. or cancel the unjust the — Palaces of High Chinese Are Sold for Small Sums Hard times and the rising cost of 4ving are having a mournful effect upon survivors of the late imperial house of China. Princely mansions and royal Manchu heirlooms are freely being offered on the market with only a mild response Owing to financial pressure, Prince Tsal Tao, uncle of the boy ex-emperor, Hsuan Tung, has disposed of his palace and extensive zrounds in the . north city to a foreigner for a sum reported as $150,000 Aex—about $80, 000 in American meacy. That price is remarkably low. Prince Tsai Hsun, another uncle of the deposed young monarch, has sold bis residence to a foreigner, and sev. eral other palaces are to be had from Manchu princes who either need the money or are afraid that a radical change in the government may bring about the confiscition of their prop- erties.