Evening Star Newspaper, June 28, 1925, Page 30

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY... June 28, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th St and Pennavlvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Office’ Tower Building. European Oftice: 16 Regent St.. London, England Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- tne edition. ts delivered by carricrs within thE Lily at #0 conts per month v 45-centa pe th: Sunday onl. por month Oeders may be sent teleplione Matn 5000. Collection is b carrier at the end of each month Raie by Maii—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Pairy and Sufiday. .. .2 yr, $8.40: 1 mo. Da. All Other States. £10.00 $7.00 375,00 { Sunday.. .13 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusivels entitled he use ieation of all news dis otherwise cred also the local news Americans are a restless race. No President talking about —either re-elaction of It is not Calvin Cool- virtue of the the polls in they elected a choos sor t or another months since ident by ople at Already that Dawes is a potential candidate for the in 1928, And that some of the Middle West are Lowden of T with - decision of the y rts are Vice President presidential nomination now comes the story of the ormer Gov Republicans oming er the Dawes is for job, not content Ger who hails also from It wait would seem the part of wisdom to essfully the ad- President Coolidge discussing another Republican nomination in more, Presi- more popu over than he at volled up the greatest ziven a President should declare Rimself out and see how s ministr T fore the at present Coolidge is probably the country was vote he tlar ever nless of the larits the ¢ the R: hence should ances or unless this popu- the meantime, candidates for publican nomination three ye valuable German mark two years ago of be- President Vice Presi- s ave printed here and tnere. if wane in of other Appear » be ahout a mors alleg differences n the and dent Daw sbyious that such differences, would of the ats, who out of oftice and would like to get Discussion of differences between Executive and his running falls at particularly Democratic They paint Dawes a cradle snatcher, seeking to win away from President Coolidge the 1928 nom- ination. which is still in its pre-natal stage. They view his attacks upon the Senate rule of unlimited debate as a clash with the President. As a matter of fuct the President is leaving the set- tleme they existed inure to the benefit Demot ief n the last campaign from Gen as f the Senate rules controversy where it belongs, to the Senate and its presiding officer, the Vice President. Undoubtedly some of the discussion he newspapers about the possibili- Jf Vice President Dawes o Lowden 1928 nomination is de. signed smoke out” the President, him say whether he intends \didate to el ident and Gov. to make to be a ¢ succeed hi or not. But smoking out the Pre i The some Democrats in the but with signal success. Mr. Coolidge is intent giving the country an efficient administration at the present reading. It scardely likely that he will announce at this time a decision candidate to succeed him- self. To do =0 might hamper him in his legislative program. besides being a signal for a free-for-all scramble by those desiving the Republican nomina- Politics would become fast furious. If he a eed himself the President has time to make that announce- s have tried it past, be tion. is to be ample nt principally | | constitutionally Jamieson raid sent out almost as many “war clouds”” as the Balkans. The Gladstone adjustment with the Boers in 1881, after Majuba Hill, was with the purpose of bringing lasting quiet between the Boers and the Brit- ish settlers whom the Boers called Uitlanders. Relations became strained to the danger point in the early 90s, and the Jamieson wid in 1895—an in- vasion of the Transvaal by British partisans of the Uitlanders—made conditions acute. Congideration of the grievances of the Uitlanders by Sir Alfred Milner is a leng story. The war spirit rose in the Transvaal and Orange Free State. England greatly strengthened its , military force in South Africa. The Transvaal govern ment sent an ultimatum that h forces be withdrawn from its borders and no other troops sent to South Africa. The ultimatum ignore, Beer armies invaded Nataland Cape Colony, very much for the purpose of stirving revolt among and gaining from Boers there. The war was on, to last two and a half years. In the early stages British reverses were numerou but strength and resources, plus mili- tary skill, began to tell, and for the last half of the war period the Boers were reduced to steadily diminished guerrilla war. Their country was devastated that it should not furnish supplies to guerrilla bands. Boer wom- en and children were gathered in con centration camps. Thousands of cap- tured Boers were sent to camps in St. Helena, Ceylon, India and Bermuds and final articles of Boer surrender signed at Pretoria May 31, 190; recruits ———— Chicago and Secession. Some time ago the official heads of the County of Cook, in the State of II- linois, which compasses the City of Chicago, threatened to sever relations with the Commonwealth on the ground that it was denied proper representa- tion in the Legislature. The terms of the State constitution regarding ap- portionment and legislative repre- sentation have not heen complied with, and the argument was advanced that this absolved the county al legiance. Steps were taken to stop the payment of taxes by the county in the State treasury. that the secession movement is not a mere gesture of protest, but is serious. However much in earnest Cook County may be in this movement, it is very difficult to see how separation from the State can be effected. Tt can- not withdraw without the consent of the State. and it cannot be made into another State without the consent of Congress. There is no provision in the Federal Constitution for the crea- tion of any political unit less than a State save that of a Territory, with possibility of becoming a State, with the single exception of the District of Columbia. which has a unique status provided. Cook Coun ty could not exist as a county outside of the State of Illinois. It would, of course, have population enough to be entitled to Statehood if Tllinois per- mitted its withdrawal, and if Congress granted it State stat It is inconceivablke that the State of Tlinois would ever permit withdrawal from the Commonwealth of any po tion. however populous or rich. That s0 populous and rich a section as Cook County should be permitted to leave the Commonwealth is unthinkable. Cook County claims that it is not a question for State decision whether it ays in the Commonwealth or leaves it. There are no precedents, however, for this view. Several proposals have been made in the past for the division of States. and all have come to naught because of the failure of the people of States themselves to agree upon partition. 1f the matter were put to 4 vote in Ilinois Cook County might swing the election. If it voted solidl and about 15 per cent of the voters in the State outside supported it. the ver- dict would be in favor of withdrawal. But there is no certainty of a solid vote for withdrawal within Cook Coun- ty—for secession is not unanimously indorsed in Chicago—and there s little likelihood of any support for secession in the State at large. In 1924 the esti- mated population of the State was 6.877,737, and of Chicago, 2.942,605. This leaves 3.935,132 in the State out- side of Cook County, or nearly 1,000, 000 more than in the county. As long as this balance remains there will be no secession by consent. 2 from R President Coolidge per ience with the railway din "his may eventually reform insists on €onal expe ng car service, lead to a great E—— Mafeking. Prince of Wal Mafeking told The has reached and it in his travels South in dispatches Africa. that the agricultural revive one s memory of the of Mafeking it is told that the after visiting the siege memo- i town is now a happy ante fam, rinee vial erected to the protectorate troops, went the town hall and stood reverently before the union jack which flew above Dixon's Hotel, Gen. Baden- during the the of Boer troops un- Botha from Octol 1899, 17 reached England was such an outbreak of glad akin riot that the word “Mafeking “Mafficking,” took a the English language and with derivatives in the dictionary. Only of a century has passed, vet 0 many major phases of have succeeded the Boer War all persons in even the great and which at the time The world read and talked of the British generals, French, Symonds, White, Buller, Methuen, Gatacre, Baden-Powell, lan Hamilton, Hildhard, Lord Dundonald, Lord Rob- erts, Lord Kitchener and Col. Hector Macdonald, and the Boer commanders, Joubert, De la_Rey, Cronje, De Wet, Botha, Smuts, President Kruger of the Transvaal, or South African Republic, and President Steyne of Orange Free state. The place names which news ‘papers printed in big type have gone from the memory of most people. There were Talana Hill, Elandslaagte, the Modder River, the Tugela River, Colenso, Spion Kop, Stormberg, Ma- gersfontein, Paardeberg, Johannes- berg and Pretoria. South Africa for years before the to Powell's headquarters, When of Mafeking. invested by der Gen to May there feeling g news relief 13, 1500 to or place in a quarter a nistory that h; near America ve forgot names of at d were familiar. per ———— The affairs of China threaten to be- come s0 acute as to call for the ser ices of a distinguished distributor of necessities in time of need, like Her- bert Hoover, to take charge of the supplies of tea, rice and bird-nest soup. ——— Hot-Weather Reading. The President is said to have recom- mended Whittier's “Snowbound” as good Summer reading. There is humor and philosophy in the suggestion, but it is possible that there are persons without humor who will see little prac- tical benefit in the President’s sugges- tion. That “Snowbound” is the best hot-weather reading is but an opinion of the President, and there are per- sons who will challenge his opinion of Summer literature as they chal- lenge his opinion on other things. As a general proposition *‘Snowbound” may be useful in diverting the mind from heat, but it may be humbly fn- timated that in the case of hot-weather literature Whittier is not the only peb- ble on the beach nor the only flake in the snow pile. Emerson, a writer in good standing in New England, wrote “The Snowstorm, a classic which ought to have a cooling effect on those who suffer from hot weather. Long- fellow, a poet of excellent repute in New England, as elsewhere, wrote “Snowflakes,” which runs, in part: Out of the bosom of the air, Out of the cloud-folds of her gar- ments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest fields forsaken, Silent and soft and slow Descends the snow. Search of a catalogue of poetry would show that many poets have not restricted their inspiration to daf- fodils and sweet peas, but that they have also gone In for snowstorms, snowdrifts, snow blockades, skating, ice harvesting, sleighing, fur caps, mit- tens and mufflers. Stories of Arctic adventure which are features of the news ought to supplement the efforts of “Snowbound” to keep folks cool. ‘When another hot spell comes it is likely that a good number of persons It now appears |t THE SUNDAY will buy ice cream and cold drinks and tucn on the®electyic fan instead of looking up a copy of “‘8nowbound,"” but they might read with profit what Whittier wrote. As a hot-weather ex- ercise it might be a good plan for the neighbors to hold doorstep parties for the discussion of blizzards of yester- vear and to recall their vallant deeds in clearing snow and ice from the side- walk. NS Bus Accommodations. Authorization of a new bus line from Chevy Chase to the center of the city has led to a proposal for a union station for busses in the downtown area where both urban and interstate lines may g¢onverge. In this connec- tion it may be suggested that the ! time has come for some system of pub- lic information regarding bus routes and =chedules. At present these sup- plementary facilities scattered. Their routes are known to regular patrons, but to few others. Strangers in the city are at a loss regarding bus accommodations. Even Washingto- nians who have infrequent occasion to use thege lines are compelled to ask questions which are often inadequate- 1y answered, with the result of much confusion. The central terminal for all bus lines that traverse the center part of the city would be a convenient place for the display of route maps and sched- ules, a clearing house, in short, for all information ahout the bus service. In any event, it is desirable that each bus should carry a statement of its terminals. These vehicles now, as a rule, are marked only with the name are of the trip destination, leaving those who are nog already aware of the route to guess the starting points. It is evident that busses are an in- creasing factor in the city's transpor- tation, and everything possible should be done to make the service complete and dependuble. Whether these ve- hicles are run in competition with or as adjuncts to the street railway lines they should be maintained steadfastly. The latest addition to the service has been proclaimed to be an experiment. If it should fail because of lack of patronage at the higher rate of fare the public will suffer in a lessening of accommodations. The Public Utilities Commission should proceed upon the principle of permanence in any addi- tions or extensions. — If monkeys could talk they might take an interesting part in the discus sion in Tennessea. A Hindu fable as sumes they were capable speech, but refrained from it for fear of being put to work. If the story were held as deserving of any credit, would imply a sad lack of simian sagacity. Oratory is today the most effectual means of avoiding industrial activity that ——— Chauncey M. Depew has a fine and discriminating sense of humor. His refusal to appear as Father Neptune in an Atlantic City parade demon- strated an appreciation of the subtle distinction between being laughed with and being laughed at ——— 1t is now fully believed that the problems relating to economic condi- tions in Europe can be solved without calling for the assistance of the psycho-analysts. co————————— Exhibition of unclad coryphees in scencs depicting the fires of Hades would indicate that while Paris may be short of money she still has chorus girls to burn. ———— The election of Hindenburg was not accompanied by any suggestion of a practical method of enabling him to get up and give a Hohenzollern his seat. —. SHOOTING STARS. of | BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Child’s Play. Fishing is a sport for boys— And that is true. A full-grown man his time employs A whole day through In buying rod and line and reel And maybe, worms, On what his check book Wwill reveal Are liberal terms. Fishing is a sport for boys, Who shall deny? His fancy tackle man will poise With wistful eye. The small boy's pin and bit of string Will lightly swish Across the water—and will bring Along the fish. A Vacationist. “Where are you going your Summer?” “In Washington, D. C.” answered Senator Sorghum. “It's the only place on the map just now where you aren’t liable to get into some kind of a rough political argument.” to spend Resonance. When arguments are incomplete And logic stands dismayed, We say, with confidence complete, Let's give a big parade!” When oratory leaves the ring, Musicians ply their trade. The brass band doesn’t say a thing While leading the parade. Jud Tunkins says the reason a camel can go So long without a drink is because he doesn't complicate his thirst by fooling with synthetic stuff. Literature and Business. “Do you think Bacon wrote the works attributed to Shakespeare?” “Certainly not,” answered Mr. Stormington Barnes. “And even if he did, why should I go to the expense of changing all my show printing in order to oblige an uninfluential author.” N . Relaxation. The schoolboy needs a period of vaca- tion His spirits to restore; But Teacher Dear deserves a relexa- tion By far, they say, much more. *'Pears to me,” said Uncle Eben, “dat de lawyers had enough things to 'tend to 'thout goin' back an’ tryin’ to tell me whut de Bible means.” 4 STAR, WASHINGTON D. C, JUNE 28 America Evolved From Life Of Jesus, Was Marshall Creed (This is the final article of the series of papers written by the late former Vice President for The Star before his death, which occurred June 1, 1925.) BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL. The American Republic was a dis- tinct evolution out of the life of Jesus of Nazareth, To determine what is an American it is needful to strip the man of evegy fortuitous or unfortunate garb, to stand him naked in the presence of his God and have him answer tc divine impulse and purpose what is the mission of the republic. Ten thousand times ten thousand answer will be given. Environment, heredity, elfishness, passion, prejudice —all are likely to sway the judgment of nor mally well intentioned men. 1 believe there is no finer form of government than the one under which we live, and that I ought to be will ing to iive or die, as God decrees. that it may not perish from the earth through treachery within o through assault from without. I believe thui though my first right is to be a par tisan, my first duty, when the only principles on which a free govern ment can rest are being strained, is to be a patriot. * % ox % 1 belleve that the American Re- public, as instituted by the fathers, constitutes the finest system of gov- ernment ever ordained among men, and affords the machinery for the righting of grievances without resort to_violence. 1 believe that every inequality which exists in the social and eco nomic: condition of the American peo- ple is traceable to the successful de- mands for class legislation, and 1 be- lieve, therefore. that practical equality can be obtained under our form of government by remedial legislation §n the interest of the American people rather than in the interest of any class. ; I believe that America belongs to American citizens, native and nat- uralized, who are willing to seek re- dress for their grievances in orderly and constitutional ways, and I believe that all others should he taught that our country is not an international boarding house. * ko % A democracy is not a form of gov ernment for individual reward. It is a government for individual effort in’ the common good. American democ- racy depends upon the inner life of the individual citizen, upcn the motive back of the ballot rather than upon the ticket which a man votes. Let this be a land of men, not laws; of love, not force; of principle, not expediency. Try us we may to sepa- rate the religious from the civic, the fact yet remains that good govern- ment has in it an element of morality. Good or bad government must go back to good or bad citizenship, to in- telligent or ignorant, honest or dis- honest electors. We have been mistaken in some of our conclusions touching government in America. We have yielded a quiet ussent to the fallacy that a majority is all powerful and that a minority has no rights which a majority is bound to respect. I myself am a be- liever in organized society and a be- liever in the idea that God never gave me a right which interfered with my duty to my fellow men ¥ ¥ kK There is no money in honest politics. He who flies high In office has some one holding the string to his Kkite. Huppy is the man in public life who remembers that the people who waved palms and sang hosannas to our Lord on Sunday were the same who shouted on FKriday, “Crucity Him!" If there be anything wrong with us today it is the idea that men are not responsible to government, not even responsible to God. I do not believe there is half so much danger for the republic in vast wealth, dangerous as it is, a8 in a spirit of leaning on great weaith. Men will lose thefr spines and become jellyfishes if this spirit grows. There is no limit to the possibilities of America in any line of human en deavor if the American be willing to puy the price of success. Too many of us have, however, been led to believe in the abounding richness and exu- berance of our youth as a people that we can find & roval road and a short cut anywhere. It is time to dispose of this fallacy. We have minds as keen and analytical as the minds of any people on earth, but we are un willing to plod, to submerge the in dividual ‘in the national. If a process does not pay we drop it, on the theory that life is (oo short to perfect it for some one else. We must quit all this and take time to be efficient regardless of temporary loss (Coprright, 1923, b 21st Centurs Press.) TO MAKE BETTER PICTURES BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN A film standardizer that will con tribute mate Iy to the making of better pictures is the latest discovery or development of the photographic laboratory of the Bureau of Standards Raymond Davis. the chief of the labo ratory. is credited with this achieve ment in the announcement by the De. partment of Commerce today The selection of movie films, camera plates and printing papers thut they wiil be best adapted to the work in hand iz aided by Mr. Davis' in vention. which is an instrument for the testing and standardizing of light sensitive emulsions. It will be known as the Davis sensitometer The emulsions with which plates, films and papers are coated vary con- siderably in speed and contrast and in sensitiveness to light of different col ors. All of these properties affect fhe use to which the product can be put . A fast plate or film recording swiftly moving objects, a “contrusty” plate for use on cloud days, or a soft plate for use in ver Lright sunshine. Brilliantly colored objects are rendered best by a plate and color filter combination, givink the same color sensitiveness as the eye, while in photographing distant mountains or making airplane maps sensitiveness to red is is needed for The Davis sensitometer. it ix ex plained. will permit of the exact meas urement of all these factors and the setting up of standards for them. It is, in effect, an instrument for =iv ing a precisely known set of exposures to a strip of the emulsion. and for making these exposures with a light of known intensity and color. The darkness of the exposed strips is measured by means of a photometer to obtain values for plotting curves of the densities. From these curves the speed and other characteristics are obtained. A large disc having a multiple of different apertures cut in it forms the shutter which gives the graduated ex posure. The opening is 8o shaped as to give a series of exposures varying by a constant ratio and forming on the plate a row of small rectangles, each a little darker than the one pre ceding it. Motor in Step With Clock. The disc must be driven at constant speed, and for this purpose an electric motor is provided having ingenious devices to make it run at constant speed and to keep it in step with a clock. There is an electric shutter also, which is set to remain open dur- ing one revolution of the disc, so that a short, continuous exposure can be given, although the disc has been running for some time and has reach- ed constant speed conditions. An electric light of carefully meas- ured candlepower is used, together with a special light filter, so that the color of light obtained is a good ap- proximation of daylight throughout the spectral range. Other color screens can be placed in front of it to absorb any desired range of wave lengths and give light of any desired color. Mr. Davis' invention is essentially an instrument of precision and has to do with the theory rather than the practice of photography. Tt is for laboratory use, and the manufacturers of films, plates, printing papers and the like are, accordingly, primarily in- terested in it. It is stated, however, that it will be of especial value to astronomers in their photographing of stars and other heavenly bodies. ,The instrument is the product of some 8 or 10 years of experimental work and is a typical example of the work that is being done constantly at the Bureau of Standards to aid all lines of industry. It is not patented. Any one may use it, for it is one of Uncle Sam’s contributions to progress in photography. The man who devel- oped it gets his reward solely out of the satisfaction there is in accom- plishing that which he started out to do, and in knowing that he has done something worth while. The average person, it may be pointed out, does not realize the patience, hard work and length of time that have been devoted to prac- tically every important step in the development of photography. Utiliz- ing the effect of light on matter as a means of picture making was first thought of in the last decade of the eighteenth century, but the first cam- era image was nmnot secured until 1827, Nioephore Niepce accomplish- ing that after 13 years of experi- menting. However, as that required an exposure of from seven to eight hours it left much to be desired. Practical Photography in 1839. Authorities say that practical pho- tography was not achieved until 1839 when the labors of Daguerre hegan to bear frult. Even Daguerre's proc- ers was slow, requiring an exposure of minutes, and it was 1840 before the first sunlight picture of a human face was made by Prof. John Wil- liam Draper of the University of the City of New York. ‘en vears later the introduction of a practical method of employing col- lodion as the sensitive film and glass 4s its support gave photography a new impetus. That was what was known as the wet plate and the dry plate waus not perfected for another quarter of a century. Indeed, it was {not until 1880-81 that manufacturers | hegan to supply the prepared plates [for the use of photographers, who, I theretofore, had heen forced to } pare their own plates | The first hand cames er, adjustable shutte | device, was invented | M. Schmid, and introduced into this country in 1584-85, and e years later George Eastman brought out { his kodak, with spools or rolls of filin instead of plates. In 1866 came the development of the moving film svs- tem in combination with utter #nd the motion picture w a prac- tical reality instead of a dream. with a find- and a focusing by a German, Color Photography. | Photography in. natural colors has | been the goal of many experimenters | for almost three-quarters of a cen- {tury. but in spite of all that has been |done it 18 still far from attainment |To Ducos du Haroun, in 1869, is Iziven the credit for foreshadowing |the three methods which include all that has been accomplished in- that |line—the superimposing of three-col- {or images, Joly-McDonough colored |lines and Lippmann's interference | process. | The three-color method is the most {important. according to the author- |ities, having the greatest commercial | possibilities, and giving the most varied and most satisfactory results. | The first experimental half-tone, |three-color plates and prints were | made in 1881 | Colored motion picture photography is now at a standstill, savs Mr. Davis of the Government's experi- mental establishment at the Bureau of Standards. The motion picture in colors is largely a laboratory proposi tion, it being necessary to “bulld up’ | practically all the films that are made. No one knows just what the stumbling block is. If it were known it would be removed speedily. The experts have worked until they have concluded that there is a point be- yond which they can not go and at present most of them are marking time. No experimental work in that line is now being done in the laboratory over which Mr. Davis presides and he savs that it probably remains for some amateur to turn the trick that has baffled the scientists. ———. American Veterans Bear German Soldier to Tomb Nothing more honorable or more significant has been done since the great war ended than was done up in Minnesota last week when a band of American veterans bore to the final resting place of mortals a lad, who during the war, served beneath the German flag. He had been the armed enemy of the American soldier. Dur- ing the vears of bitterness and blood he had fought beneath the Prussian eagle for the preservation and honor of the Hohenzollern cause. But a 1925—PART mortal malady forced him to travel in America and it was on the prairies of Minnesota that the final summons came. The fact that he fought for Ger- many in the war of nations made no difference to the legionnaires of Min- nesota. They bore his body to the grave, accorded him the last mili- tary honors and fired a rifle volley above his tomb. They only remem- bered him as a World War soldier and for the time being forgot the bitter prejudices that the storm of ‘war had stirred. And in honoring the fallen son of a fallen empire they did_distinct honor to themselves. Nearly 60 years have passed since a band of Southern women touched the heart of the Nation by strewing. with flowers the graves of those who had invaded their State and had dted while bringing sorrow to Southern homes. That generous act did more to heal the hurt of the Nation than all the world of eloquent men.—Ok- lahoma City Daily Oklahoman Believer in Bock Signs Joins Cronies in Cellar An inquiring individual asks, ‘What's become of the old-timer who 4idn’t belleve Spring had arrived un- til he saw the bock beer signs?’ He has joined the fellow who didn't bemneve that one swallow made a Sum- mer, and the one who didn't believe brown October ale was a beverage ex- clusively for Fall consumption. They will be found in somee secluded spot gingerly sampling the latest batch of home brew, and chanting in unison, “Now is the Winter of our discon- tent.”"—Omaha World-Herald. 9 P Capital Sidelights The school bell is still ringing in some places, notably in old Willlams burg, Va., home of the second oldest educational Institution in the Western Hemisphere, Willlam and Mary Col- lege. For many years this college was deserted and falling into decay, save for the devoted zeal and faith of its president, who kept the charter alive during those silent years by daily ringing the bell. Representative R. Walton Moore of Virginia, for years a member of the board of visitors of Willilam and Mary, recalls that about a quarter of a cen- tury ago he made u pilgrimage to the coliege and asked the old president, “Well, how are the affairs of the col- lege progressing”’ The answer came back, “Looking up. You see, we are flat on our back and can't do anything else but look up Now the old college is renascent— one of the most wonderful educational comebacks in the history of the world. The Phi Beta Kappa, pioneer Greek letter fraternity, which was originated at William and Mary College 149 years ago, has just erected u memorial build ing there to the “Fifty Founders.” Other buildings ure being financed by benefactors, including John Barton Payne, chairman of the board of the American National Red Cross. As a best evidence of the new life that is flowing throbbingly through this historic college, the Summer school has opened there with more than 800 students, athrill with the tra ditions of the college and the great patriots whose names are indelibly written in its records—Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, John Mar- shall and a host of others, who start- ed this Nation on its way to be the greatest government the world ever knew. A ow that the school year i closed an interesting check-up has been made by Commissioner Tigert in de- velopment of school activities and the progress made in recent years. Washington, the Nation's Capital. he finds to be one of the pioneer cities, now numbering 25, which main tain nursery schools. Three years ago there were only three such schools in the entire United States. Other cities now conducting nursery schools are Boston, Cambridge, Chicago, Cin- cinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Highland Park, TIl.; Los Angeles, Missoula, Mont.; Montelair, N. J.: New Haven. New York. Philadelphla, Pocatella, Idaho. and Schenectady, N. Y. Some of these are of the under-age, kinder garten type, others are neighborhood co-operative nursery schools and still others re primarily experimental. Many serve as laboratories for the motkers. Supervisors of public kindeérgartens are provided separately in cities, according to data collected by the Federal Bureau. In 100 other cities supervisors are employeé for the kin dergarten and the primary grades together. I During these Summer months the vouth of the land is deriving great benefit and comfort and pleasure from one of the most phenomenal adven tures in American pedagogy, which has had a phenomenal growth during the last couple in_swimming and watermanship. Ths is strikingly insignificant in Washington this Summer, where, al- though public bathing places are more urgently needed than probably anywhere else on the continent, such inadequate facilities as had previously existed were removed in one fell swoop by the dictum of Congress High “school buildings «nd play- grounds all over this land now contain swimming facilities, Commissioner Tigert's investigators report. Many colleges include swimming as a pre- requisite for a degree. In military posts and at Summer civillan training camps instruction in swimming is given as a matter of course. The American Red Cross has been the most_ significant factor in promoting water safety. In such cities as Chi cago, New York. Boston and Spring field there are institutions that pro- duce swimming directors as a spe cialized branch of modern pedagog: Aquatic teams of schools and col- leges now rank with basket bail and hockey teams. Many cities now pro- vide free bathing beaches or munici pal pools. United States soldiers are trained to swim rivers burdened with their complete equipment paper on this subject of particular interest to the youth of this land am bitious to emulate the performances of Charles M. Daniels, Norman Ross or John Weismuller has been pre. pared for the United States Bureau of Education by Capt. Elbridge Colby, United States Army. * ¥ ¥ % This brings us naturally to the sub. ject of physical training in the public schools, where a phenomenal growth of interest is shown. Some 40 schools exclusively devoted to teacher-train- ing for physical education were rep- resented at a recent conference in the National Capital under the auspices of the Federal Bureau of Education. Commissioner Tigert calls attention that 40 vears ago there were only two schools ‘preparing teachers for physi- cal education, whereas today there are more than 100 schools giving ex- cellent courses of from two to four vears in the professional training of teachers for physical education, and half a dozen are offering post-grad- uate work leading to the degree of master of arts or doctor of philosophy. * x ok % Here in the Nation's Capital, where the activities of the parent-teacher as- sociation have been so evidently help- ful, there will be special human inter- est in the report by Miss Ellen C. Lombard, junior specialist in home education and one of the women who in an unpretentious office in Wash- ington is doing a tremendously im- portant work for Uncle S8am and our future citizenship. Miss Lombard telis picturesquely of how some of our native Americans have just organized a parent-teacher association. Sioux Indian women, wearing shawls and moccasins and carrying their papooses on their backs, met in a small town in North Dakota, some of them accompanied by their erstwhile warrior-brave husbands. The roster of the new assoclation carries the names of these members: Mr, and Mrs. White Eagle, Mr. and Mrs. Little Bird, Mrs. Two-Bear, Mrs. Rain-in-the-Face, Mrs. Grey Bull and Mr. and Mrs. Bear-Face. This is the first Indian parent- teacher association in full membership with the National Congress of Parents and Teachers. * ok k¥ Those who with family cares have to seek self-education in the evening schools may also feel that they can look back on an honorable and historic past. Commissioner Tigert's investi- gators find that evening schools were early comers in the educational fleld in America. Old records which have Jjust been examined show that an eve- ning school was in existence in New Amsterdam in 1661 and in the English colony of New York in 1690. By 1724 an evening school was in operation in Boston. Ten years later Philadelphia had such a school and in another 10 years (1744) Charleston, S. C., had three and Newport, R. 1., established one in 1759. * ok ok ¥ ‘Teachers are not having a Summer vacation of just rest and loafing on the silver sand beaches or getting the cares- blown out of their brains on mountain peaks. Most of them are al- ready at work on courses that will better fit them for the next year's dutles. ‘Teachers’ reading circles are con- ducted or sponsored by State Depart- ments of Education in 27 States, and pupils’ reading cireles in 18 States. of years—instruction | A special | MEN AND BY ROBERT rope, and some of the South and Cen tral American republics, there has been no more violent reaction any- where in recent years than the one which has come over the United | States since the World War. Tt was just six years ago that Pres ident Woodrow = Wilson, returning from the peace conference at Paris, toured the country from coast to coast to tell the people what he felt was in their hearts, and what he believed to be there. Mr. Wilson gave voice to a wonderful idealism. He scorned the popular notion that the American peo- ple were a money-mad race. To him | the pursuit of the dollar was but an incident in life; the will to do well by other people being the real guiding principle of the American citizen Presiden{ Wilson's interpretation of | the thoughts of the people won the cheers of all who heard him—won the support of a goodly section of the Republican press of the country Today the situation has entirely | changed. President Coolidge preaches the gospel of American husiness, praises the pursuit of the dollar and urges the people to serve and to en rich themselves. This he has stated is one of the noble duties of the day. The popularity of the Coolidge preach ments on business, on economy and thrift are the best evidence that the people feel he really is interpreting their thoughts and sounding their am bitions. The President believes that business is paramount in Americ The whole Americar structure Is raised upon business, ~;nd American altruism would amounti® littie if it were not founded upon tte solid rock of American business. No one thought of Mr. »oolidge as 4 business man as he set those two | solemn years in the presiding officer’s chair of the Senate. but today he is regarded virtually as an apostle of business, and his business writings and speeches are regarded by the bhusiness world with profound respect. * xox % The Stone Mountain Memorial half | dollar, minted by the Government and | recently placed on the market, is| without doubt one of the handsomest and most remarkable coins ever issued by the United States. And, if an amellorating influence still be needed between the sections which were once at war. these half dollars may go a long way toward wip ing out the scattered remnants of feeling which have persisted over the more than three score years which have elapsed since the conflict which sent brother against brother. They are being sent far and wide through out the country, carrying a tribute to the soldiers of the South such as no one perhaps ever thought to see on a Federal coin The Atlanta Journal, through Maj John S. Cohen, its editor. has taken | the lead in sending several thousand of the half dollars to prominent men | and women both of the South and the North, particularly the latter. With the shining coins has gone a personal | message from Maj. Cohen, which| reads “Unparalleled in the annals of na Fifty Years Agol In The Star Fifty years ago Philadelphia was making preparations for the centen- nial exposition to commemorate the hundredth anniver sary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence In anticipation of the opening of the great fair some concern was felt in that city lest the number of visitors [attracted to it might he greater than the city could properly accommodate. The Star of June 21, 1875, thus dis. cusses the question: “The centennial managers estimate that the minimum attendance of vis- itors at the affair will be three mil- lions. and that the average daily at- tendance will be 50,000. As the pres- ent hotel accommodations of Phila- delphia is little bevond what is re. |quired for everyday business the question comes up where the visiting multitude is to be accommodated over- night. The hotel men have made a detailed statement of the number of guests they can now accommodate, as well as the number that can be lodged after making contemplated im- provements. From these figures it appears that the number that can now be provided for is under 8,000 and that the additional accommodations will give room for only about 3,000 more, or 11,000 in all. The hotel ac commodations at the outside, there fore, will be inadequate for little more than a fifth part of the guests ex- pected. The centennial people, how ever, cipher away the difficulties in an offhand style by estimating that 40,000 private houses will be opened to lodgers, and. as there will be so much to see on the centennial grounds and so many good restaurants on all sides, it is believed that visitors will find it convenlent to live on the Euro- pean plan, securing their lodgings and eating where they please and when they please. In the event, how- ever, that the throng in attendance should altogether exceed the lodging capacity of Philadelphia, the surplus could be readily provided for in New York, Baltimore and Washington, as cheap excursion trains could take them nightly to roomy lodgings in these cities and return them next morning in good season. But after all, there is a bare possibility that the attendance may not reach 50,000 per day; though it is to be hoped it may. The numbers present at the opening will doubtless be enormous, but it is doubtful if the daily attendance will reach 50,000 for any length of time. The exposition opened May 10, 1876, and lasted until November 10. and the pald attendance ‘was §.000,000, or 5,000,000 more than the first esti- mates. Centennial Attendance | “now | Mansion. AFFAIRS . SMALL. tions was the minting of this cof under an act passed unanfmoasy: - the Congress of the &G flas Miates and freely sigiiea by the President g a tribute ‘to the valor of the soldjs of the South. May this gracioys token of a single-hearted Amerig strengthen anew the personal friend. s us well as the public good win bitids the land of Lincoln to the land of Lee. And may you who 1+ ceive this happy pledge of a united country think often of your well wish. ers in Dixie, for they think often e you { The acknowledgments which Ma; Cohen has received from all section constitute a remarkable reflection of the sentiment which the coins have inspired everywhere %% Since the Coolidges e left the Capital for the Summer there are whisperings around Washington tha it can be told.” The truth ix that the White House is located in & section of the Federal City which at times is infested by mosquitoes. T all intents and purposes the White | House can scarcely be said to be situ- ate in the most desirable residential neighborhood. As a plain matter of fact, it is situated on the edge of section once familiarly known “Foggy Bottom.” That was when there were mud flats all around the Washington Monument. In recent vears the flats have been reclaimed nd form today one of the most bea tiful and accessible parks in the cour try. But there are times when th mosquitoes persist in this neighbor hood. and they have made Whitd House guests uncomfortable, even if White House residents may have he come acclimatized. or immune. whatever it is that protects you from mosquito bites George Christian, who was secre tary to President Harding. spent ,ust one night in the White House. That was enough. It cured him of an lurking ambition to be President hin self. He avows there was a regula mosquito patrol all night long in h bedchamber and sleep—the sweet re storer—was completely out of the auestion There is a storv that the late Sena tor Knox of Pennsylvania once was driven pell-meil from the White House by the humming mosquito hordes. He was Attorney General In the Roosevelt cabinet at the The Roosevelt family was away and the colonel wa~ having a house party in the Executive Mr. Knox went happily and unthinkingly to bed the first night Along toward morning. tired of bites and swats. he sneaked out of the White House and went home for a few hours’ rest. Returning in time for breakfast. hix host knew nothing of his bocturnal departure. Thereafter every night diring the party. Mr Knox slipped away In the wee sma’ hours and returned ugain bright and hearty for breakfast. The mosquitoes didn't bother T. R. Maybe they don't bother President Coolidge. Not much. anyhow. as o make him want to resign, or anything like that (Copsright, 1925.) This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. A tall man, 2 flopping. wide trous- ers, tight coat and brand-new straw hat, strolled calmly down Pennsyl- vania avenue th the driving rain It was the first real rain that had hit the Avenue in many weeks during the day time, having been preceded the night before, however, by the downpour that broke the back of the drought. The arched entrance ways of the Post Office Department building wer filled with passershy who had taken refuge from the falling water. In the Broups, 1loo, were employves about ready to go home. The rain slashed the black asphalt Wwith a haze of silver lines, in the beau tiful way raindrops have of making pictures if one really looks at them Rain. of course, can be “just rain." then again it can be a picture maker a combination of drops of water and imagination, in perhaps equal parts The man in the white straw hat seemed to be making an actual mix ture of his ingredients. As unconcernedly as if the sun r shining, he ambled along the side walk, while hundreds of persons i doorways watched his watery progress Some of them called him a fool in SO many words. “He doesn't have to stay out there." remarked one. “He can come in.% “‘He is just trying to show off,” said another dry one. “His straw hat won't cents,” added a third * ok ox % Why do people insist on walking in a driving rain, anyway? Perhaps not 1 in 1,000 is forced to do so. especially when it is evident to all that the rain will shortly “let up.” as the expression is. Yet they walk along. like the man in the straw hat, slopping themselves from head to foot, so that by the time they get to their destination and the sun comes out—they will be dripping. ' They remind one of the dear old ladies who are always In such a hurry they needs must take chances in crossing the streets. Busy execu tives, hustling salesmen, these and a hundred active men wait carefully tn allow automobiles to pass. 3 Do the sweet old ladies® Not on their sweet old lives! Each carefully takes her life in her withered, time and care worn hands and bea: full into the tide of traffic. Heaven will stoop to take care of virtue, Milton tells us, but the auto mobile had not been invented when he wrote that. Nothing but one's wits, agility and care will help one in the middle of Pennsylvania avenue. If one simply has to get some place by a certain time, then he is Jjustified in plowing along through the rain. If not, he had better step into a doorway, as others do, and bide his time. be worth = * x ¥ ok To most people there is no worse feeling in everyday life than to have wet feet and clothing sopped with rainwater. There is a certain squashy feelinz about water-logged shoes that is ex- tremely disconcerting in civilian life. Imagine interviewing a “prospect’ with water flowing from toe to heel’ Keeping the feet dry has medical sanction, anyway, as well as that of common sense. With dry feet one may stand in a doorway to enjoy the besiréy of the rain in Summer. wherots * hie, feat are wet he is too occupied with his own thoughts to be a receptive stu- dent of nxtural happenings. The man who gets the most out of life finds time for these little things. To him @ rain is something more than a disagreeable interruption. To him a rallroad station is vastly more than just a place to tediously while away time until his train comes in. To this person life is a wonderland and one of its wonders is the beat- ing, silver rain on a Summer after noon. tion should be made of the daily ap- * * “We judge by a remark in the New York Times,” says The Star of June 3 22, 1875, “that the Tramps in public parks ther; are infested with an. the Parks {;[C ceats monopolized by much the same style of dirty, lazy bummers and vagabonds that loaf about in our parks through the day and night, with only an occasional break in their elegant leisure when the calls of hunger compel them to resort to some basement door in the neighborhood to solicit, or rather de- mand, ‘something to eat.”’ These sturdy vagrants, stretched out upon the park seats or lawns, seem to de- light in repelling ladies and children from the pleasure ground by an inso- lence and haif-suggested ruffianism of manner, and by the fiith and inde- cency of their vermin-freighted, filthy garments, which afford through their apertures a more than Humphrey Clinker-like exposure of person. “The Times advises the loafers in the New York parks to go west. We would cheerfully see our bummers spread themselves north, south, east or west. And they needn't go far to find work if they really want to earn an honest living. At this very mo- ment when our city is overrun by this swarm of able-bodied loafers, the farmers of Maryland and Virginia are complaining that it is almost impos- sible to procure the requisite labor for their flelds. Under the circum- astances it would seem to be advisable for our citizens to discourage the pres- ence of thems {dlers in our city in ‘every possible way. A sharp inspec- plicants for food at basement doors. and if the beggar is an able-bodied man he should be advised to do the seasonable thing—go to the coun e