Evening Star Newspaper, May 24, 1925, Page 39

Everyday Not a Talk on Theology Living. BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. Life in th Luke, xv after the younger s fogether and took Far Country. G —And not many gathered afl ey into 3 country with riota apent al that land hegan to be in want And he went and joined himiself to a eit izen of ‘that countrs: and N him into his ficlds to feed swine. And he Bould fam have filled his bells with the husks that the swine did eat: and B0 man ave unto him HEN an individual or a nation turns away from God, from the conscious- relation to, | as responsibility to God. life's finest interests are im- periled. The moral degener of nations has marked the way of their swift decline. During the Reign of Terror in Paris an attempt was made to abolish God and all sacred institu- | tions. For the figure of the Virgin in Notre Dame. there was set up in | the sacred place an effigy of a low creature of the streets. Seeing the fr of this, Robespierre declared if God were abolished from the lite of the nation today, the people would invent a new god tomorrow. | 1o normal life of the individual, as well as of the nation, demands the recognition of the sovereignty of | * % ok ok | s In the parable from which the ahove passage is taken, the great Master attempted to show that aliena- tion from God. or life in the far country, spells out disappointment, disillusionment and moral degeneracy. The phrase “far country” is an apt one, for it implies not only alienation from life’s normal environment, but a new set of conditions that are inimical to all that makes for happiness and isfaction in life. The youth whom Jesus described. away from all home restraints and moral influences, “wasted his substance in riotous liv- ing.” The “substance” he wasted was not merely his material posses- sions, but the finer things of his moral nature. In fine, he deliberately cut himself loose from every influence at contributed to his moral char- acter. Once he had done this his de- cline was swift and certain. With the loss of “substance” went the loss of self respect. * o There is a deep significance in the Master's word that when ‘“he had spent all, there arose a_mighty famine in that land, and he began to be in want,” and hiring himself to a citizen he was sent into the field to feed swine. No single statement could have more strikingly suggested the r degeneracy of the young man. The whole story finds abundant illustration in incidents that lie about us_every day. The world is full of men and women who have had some far count ex- | churel Religion But Upon Life and Right perience that has proved disappoint- ing and disastrous. -It may not always be that the far country implies a new environment. We may become allen to the higher appeal of a great re- ligious conviction in the place of our | present occupation. There is such a thing as the far country of intellectual pride, wherein our conceits of learn- ing alienate us from the love and care | of the great Father. It is significant that the Master declared that the supreme requisite of a normal faith was to be found in the simplicity and trustfulness of a little child. The far country of unbridled and unrestrained passions presents another aspect” of | abnormal living. Heré the waste of | substance and of self-respect is | marked and the end inevitable. ok ok % | This kind of far country living is | probably the commonest of all. A notable example of it came under our observation in the case of a man who | had graduated with honors from Ox ford University. His early life was characterized by great expectations and gave promise of being brilliant and eminently successful. Suddenly the great transition came. and with abandoned restraints he left all and took his journey into a far country. For a brief space its allurements tisfied him, but presently, with sub- stance gone, he sank to the level of the swine, and seemed literally “‘with- out God and without hope in the world.” The tragedy of it all, as he related it, was his sense of alienation from God. This lay at the very root of his disappointment and failure. However our religious conviction ma) express itself through creeds ‘or formularies, it is clearly evident that it is indispensable to a normal habit of life. It was said of old, “Where there is no vision, the people perish. We have always liked that word, “The law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did.” ook ¥ Laws and systems of ethics have their place in the scheme of life, but they prove of little value where the moral character is uninfluenced by a deep and unfailing religious convic- tion. It was an observing student who said, “There is a manifest God i the world for those who seek Him. More and more we are realizing today the need of recovery from far country living. More and more we are coming to discover that a reasonable concep- tion of God's relation to our life and obedience to His laws constitute the basis of our security as well as of our happiness. That “man shall not live by bread alone” is conspicuously true. It was with this conception that a great apostle declared, ““To be carnally minded is_death; to be spiritually minded is life and peace.” (Copyright. 1025.) Butler Calls on His Party To Gird for Fight in 1926 BY N. 0. MESSENGER. EVERAL happenings and exist- ing conditions contribute to the current interest in national pol- itics, standing out above an otherwise rather dead level of political affairs and serve to draw | public attention. i Chairman Butler of the Republican national committee makes a fervent appeal to that organization of “hard- boiled” Republicans, the Union League of Philadelphia, urging the sity of eternal vigilance and ac- in_politics as the price of con- tinued Republican supremacy, Wil- liam G. McAdoo stirs curiosity by a pilgrimage to the East, accompanied by reports that he is pushing his presidential boom and laying the ground work for another attempt to ubolish the two-thirds rule in Dem- ocratic national conventions. Mayor Hylan encounters setbacks in his mayoralty boom. New York County Republicans resolve that fusion must be the Republican policy and that Tammany must be fought along with Hylan. So the political pot keeps on hoiling. Deemed Call to Arms. Unusual attention was attracted to «hairman Butler's speech because his yemarks were interpreted as being % veritable call to arms In a time of profound political peace in the coun- iry at large. The construction placed upon his speech by politicians was that the national chairman is concerned over the activity of the Democrats in preparing for a_ mili- tant campaign to capture the House of Representatives in 1926 as a pre- Jiminary to the next presidential cam- paign. It is said that he views with concern the maneuvers of the Dem- ocratic congressional campaign com- mittee and realjzes that it behooves the Republicans to put on their war paint and prepare to take the trail. He is thought to attach much im- portance to the establishment of a National Democratic Weekly in AVashington for the dissemination of Democratic propaganda. Chairman Butler told the Union l.eague Republicans that there never was a time when the demand for posi- tive concerted participation in the organized political activities in the Nation was as insistent or as impor- tant as now. “To make 1924 effec- tive,” he admonished, “we must win in 1926. I have no delusion that the ~ictory will drop into our hands. We wust fight for it.” Cites Party Danger. Chairman Butler pointed out that ons of the dangers which always catens a political party directly following success at the polls is that victory is apt to lull the members of the organization into a state of satis- faction, of confidence that the hour has arrived when they can rest on thefr cars. He said that when it hap- pens that an election is won with a Nation-wide sweep such as marked the eelection of Calvin Coolidge for the presidency, the tendency toward a meneral assumption that we have en- tered onto a political millenfum which of itself and by itself will continue in- definitely is apt to be even more pro- nounced. He declared his goal and his ambi- tion to be to develop the Republican party o the point where of itself it will ersbrace so great a majority of the citlzen of the Nation, men and wom- en. whé are Republicans by deliberate eonviction, that they can face every election without doubt as to the re- sult, satisfied that within the party yanks there has been ingathered a strength sufficient to confound those who may seek to work harm to the National life. Chairman Butler con- fended that “Republican success al- wavs spells National success,” and | that in asking the voters to carry on and help them. Republicans are npt «ceking aggrandizement of the party but the welfare of the people. Hylan Meets Rough Seas. Affairs do not seem to be going smoothly for Mayor Hylan in his cam- paign to capture the Democratic nomi- nation for the mayoralty. Everything was lovely and the goose hung high f.r a halcyon period after Willlam R. pendent candidate in case Tammany rejected him. Then he seemed to have slipped a eog in his failure of McCooey, the Brooklyn leader, to swing into line for his nomination. In the past fort- night there have been several indjca- tions of the unlikelihood of Mr. McCooey, with his strong Kings County following, taking up the Hylan boom. Mr. Hearst has re- mained silent, letting his threat of Hylan or split Democratic party soak in upon the faction which is balking at Mr. Hylan's nomination. Mr. Hearst thinks that he has the whip hand in the situation and that it rests with the Tammany leaders to have peace or war in the party. Wants Citizens’ Ticket. The latest development in the coming fight between the Republicans and the Democrats over the election of a mayor in November Is the de- termination of the Republicans of New York County that they must abandon thought of a straight Republican ticket for the campaign and substi- tute a fusion ticket. Chairman Co- nelg of the New York County com- mittee told members of their organ- ization at a meeting last week that the substitution of one Tammany | man for another would net solve the | problem of shaking off Tammany's stranglehold upon the city. He insisted upon the nomination of a citizens' ticket behind which all ele- ments determined to see the city re- deemed from misrule could unite. He said that whatever Hylan is, Tam- many {s his partner. Tammany men occupy all the public offices. The organization in every instance has sup- ported the so-called Hylan polices, whether in the board of estimates, in the Legislature or in the city or State campaigns and jointly they fool the people on subways and the other is- sues. Tammany and Hylan must stand or fall together. McAdoo's Trip East. Mr. McAdoo's eastern journey from the coast has been by easy stages, during which he has stopped off in several cities to consult with local Democratic. leaders who are his friends. He expects to remain several days in New York City. His trip has been attended by conflicting reports as to his objective. Some of his friends have denied that he is working on his presidential cam- paign, but reports persist to the con- trary. The prevailing accepted be- lief is that they are stirred by recent activities of Gov. Smith. Democratic politicians who are not favorable to the nomination of either Mr. McAdoo or Mr. Smith have been aroused with a consequent recurrence of discussion in opposition to these gentlemen. Roman White House Is Medieval Castle The white house of the Holy Roman Empire stands on a barren hill, visi- ble for 10 miles in every direction, far from the nearest town. This castle, built by Emperor Frederick II in 1240, to serve as his favorite residence, is one of the most impressive and most rarely visited sights in Italy. Eight bare sides, each plerced by a single small window and eight huge bastions projecting between them, this unre- lieved mass of limestone grimly sur- veys a rolling landscape, almost de- nuded of trees. But the visitor,once inside the entrance portal, is aston- ished by the remnants of an -almost Orlentai luxury. Graceful doors and arabesque win- dows, adorned with many colored marbles; huge fireplaces and inviting window seats, suggest that life in_the Middle Ages was, after all, not so un- comfortable—if one happened to. be an emperor. From the window seats fair ladies used to release their pet falcons and watch their dramatic flight and re- turn. In the town of Gioa del Colle, also in Puglia, there is another castle of Frederick’s, inherited from his normal ancestors, which the Italian Govern- ment has restored with furniture, dec- oration and all to what students be Tiearst eame to his support with a tirest of numinating him as an inde- lieve to be its original and habitable THE BY DREW PEARSON. AVE the public schools of this country become mere educational factories to turn out students with single-track machine-made minds? . Several college presidents maintain that this is the case. President Farrand of Cornell believes that the colleges-are responsible for the wave of narrow-minded, prejudiced think- ing which is sweeping the country. President Hopkins of Dartmouth says that “our schools and colleges have a tendency to imitate our factories”; that “our students are turned out on the machine system and all attain a dead level” ~ President Wilbur of Stanford says that the college graduate measures success by the size of his income tax. I had come fresh from the conversation with these leaders of the educational world to John J. Tigert, United States commissioner of education, and laid before him a summary of the criticisms which these college presi- dents had given me. Dr. Tigert probably knows more about the grammar and high schools of the Nation than any one man, and 1 was confident that his replies would be well grounded on personal experience. “IU's not fair to put all the blame on the public schools,” drawled .Dr. Tigert, who is from Kentucky. “The fact is that both the schools and colleges are to blame in many ways, but of the two institutions the colleges are much more responsible for this ‘machine- made’ education. Fed “Canned” Lectures. “This is especially true in the big univer- sities, which are overcrowded and which herd large bunches of men into one class, where they are fed ‘canned’ lectures and quizzes, which are only partlally digested in advance by graduate students who are making enough money by teaching to get degrees. ' . “Personally, I believe that the public schools are getting further and further away from this machine system. The greatest develop- ment in public school work in the last two decades, to my mind, has been in the progress of individual instruction. “My job carrles me all over the country and I know the condition of the different dis- tricts fairly well. New England has probably made more progress in individual instruction than any other part of the United States. Children up there are given problems which actually make them think. The innovations of New England have been taken up and widely imitated in the British schools. “California also has an up and coming public school system, and the Berkeley Junior High School is doing a great piece of work. It maintains four or five different high schools, where a student can try himself out at bu ness, or art, or sclence, and find out just exactly what he is best fitted for.” “What do you consider the worst fault of our educational system?” T asked the com- missioner. “Speaking very broadly of the whole field of education,” Dr. Tigert replied, “one of the worst faults is the failure of the colleges and the high schools to pull together. They do not correlate their work. There is a tre- mendous step between the two institutions and the mortality of men who flunk out in the first years of college because of this dif- ficult step is appallin SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, 10 7eel b Schools of Nation Breaking Away From Machine-Made Education JOHN J. TIGERT. “This lack of correlation is natural when vou consider the history of the high school. It is a comparatively recent and unfinished product. Remember that the colleges of this country are very old. Willlam and Mary, Harvard and Yale were all founded back be- fore the country itself became an independent nation. The second step was the public school, which in those days was a grammar school only. The high school was an after- thought. It was organized to bridge the gap between the grammar school and the college. Since it is young, it is still in the rough. It will change very much as the colleges help to guide it “At present some universities, like Maine are giving excellent co-opera- tion to the high schools. They hold what is called ‘Orientation week.” That means that they set aside one week before college starts, when all the freshmen come up early and get broken in at the game of going to college. College Life Different. ‘Remember that going to college is a tre- mendously big thing for the average boy or girl just out of high school. The work, the method of attending class, the system of studying is entirely different. Instead of being watched all the time, the college stu- dent is free and on his own. Instead of being forced to attend classes, the college man can cut more or less at his discretion. He 1s held sponsible for this work chiefly at the end and Chicago MAY 24, 1925—PART 2. of the term by examinations, instead of hav- ing to turn in written work dally. At the same time there are countless outside activ- ities, like foot ball, dances and fraternities, to tempt him away from his books. “So the whole idea behind the Orlentation week is to adjust the freshman to his new life. He is taught how to take notes, how to follow lectures, how to plan his time. He is allowed to attend a few dances and athletic games just so he will find out about. the outside activities which sap his strength and time. And, in the end, he is better prepared for college, and not nearly so many of his class flunk out before the end of the year.” English Vs. U. 8. Education. “What do you think of the criticism that American schools are inferior to English schools?” 1 asked Dr. Tigert. “The criticism 1s easy to make, because most people think that the American public school 18 the same as what the British call their public schools. Eton and Rugby are called public schools, but they are more ex- clusive than some of our millionaires’ private institutions. It takes money to enter them. but it takes more than money to enter Eton and Rugby. They are public in name, but most exclusive in practice. Top hats in the daytime and dinner jackets in the evening is the style there. J “On the other hand, our American public schools are the most democratic in the world. We take our students from every walk of life, from gutter and tenement, and give them one of the best educations there is to be had any place. “The public school system is peculiar to American democracy. England has the equiv- alent of a caste system. The people of its different castes do not mingle together in any way. They do not even speak the same language. The whites and the blacks of our South are strictly segregated racially, but even they speak the same language, even to the same accent. But the different classes in England use such a different accent that it is frequently difficult for them to under- stand each other.” Love of Education Grows. “How does the American school system rank in comparison with that of other coun- tries?’ was the last question I put to Dr. Tigert. “This country ranks ninth in literacy, which means that our system of teaching people how to read and write is worse than that which exists in nine other countries. But most of the countries which rank ahead of us are small and compact, like Denmark, Holland and Sweden. They have homogeneous popu- lations, while ours is the most raclally mixed on earth. In Germany they require their kids to go to school almost at the point of « bavonet. We are less efficient, but sometimes I think we get further in the long run. “There is one thing that we can be proud of. That is the desire for education in the coun- try. It is illustrated by the colleges. They are turning away almost more students than they can accommodate. We can't educate all our people overnight, but we can say that the love of education is' spreading ~more quickly here than in any other country in the world America’s Debt-Funding Policy , As It Affects Europe Now Fixed BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. MERICA'S policy for funding the Eu- ropean war debts is now fixed in a number of essential respects. It is possible for this writer to clarify the situation, from the Coolidge administration’s standpoint, and to remove misapprehensions that have grown up, both in the United States and Europe, as a result of the conflicting re- ports recently in circulation. Perhaps the outstanding decision to which the American Government has committed it- self is the determination that our principal debtors must conclude funding agreements before next December. The administration is anxious to present the Sixty-ninth Congress with tangible results in that directipn. Congress Must Ratify. President Coolidge hopes to make such re- sults the outstanding feature of his first mes- sage to the incoming Congress. It is in the hands of the Senate and House that the mat- ter of the $12,000,000,000 of war debts rests The World War Foreign Debt Commission is empowered to negotiate funding settlements, but they are not valid until Congress ratifies them. The temper of Congress about the debts is well known. It flared up in the clos- ing days of the last session. President Coolidge is aware that if he is compelled to tell the next Congress that the European debt business is merely drifting from bad to worse, explosions on Capitol Hill are Inevitable. The mere suggestion of M. Clementel, former French finance minister, that the French $4,210,000,000 debt was not being carried on France's books as a real lability evoked a storm in Congress which is-a certain forerunner of more to come if the tunding action is continuously delayed. Debt Program of United States. The United States Government's debt pro- gram can be authoritatively summarized as follows: 1. There will be no drifting. Representa- tions already made through our diplomatic channels in debtor capitals will be followed up. There will be no undignified prodding, but there will be such periodical jogging of memories may be required. This applies to all of our debtors alike, irrespective of the amounts they owe us. 2. France, Italy, Belgium and all others concerned have been given to understand that under no circumstances will the United States consent to fund the debts in con- nection with German reparations payments. France and others can do their bookkeeping way and propose certain nent to the United States. 11 not consent to becoming involved, directly or indirectly, with repa- rations. Reparations are one thing, and the money owing us by allied powers is entirely another thing. America will insist that they be.kept wholly apart 3. The Coolidge administration will con- in their own but the latter v duct funding negotiations in Washington, - and nowhere else. If proposals are made that we send commissioners to Europe, or let Europe deal with our diplomatic repre- sentatives there, such proposals will be re- jected. 4. At least two governments, Italy and Belgium, which owe us, respectively, §: 138.- 000,000 and $480,500,000, desire to await our funding settlement with France hefore com- ing to terms with us. These governments have been informed that such a suggestion does not meet with American approval. Our policy is to deal with each debtor na- tion entirely independently of any other. 5. The United States, in accordance with President Coolidge’s message to Congress on December 3, 1924, will insist upon the right to fund European debts on the basis of ca- pacity to pay. Mr. Coolidge’'s exact ‘words were: “Terms and conditions may have to conform to differences in the financial abili- ties of the countries concerned.” 6. At the outset of negotiations with any debtor nation, it will be informed that cancel- lation of its obligations to the United States Treasury, either in part or in whole, is not a debatable question. Others Paid But Not America. Tt is not generally known in the United States that a whole series of interallied debt settlements has been going on in Europe dur- ing the past year or two. Some of the small- er nations, like Rumania; Czechoslovakia and Jugoslavia, have been liquidating so-called post-war “relief credits” to countries like Great Britain, France and Italy. There have also been setlements, in part or in whole, of war loans to the larger European governments. It is the knowledge that these transactions have been completed that fired the Coolidge admin- istration with the determination not to let Uncle Sam hold the bag indefinitely. While these “relief credits” payments, running into millions of gold, have been in progress, pay- ments of no kind (except the $20,000,000 of in- terest which France is paving us on surplus war stocks purchased) have come our way. What we have now done. in effect, is to point out courteously but firmly that the stream of gold, however small, must be diverted in our direc tion. "FThe Washington administration anticipates no difficulty with Great Britain if we eventu- ally decide to grant France, Italy, Belglum or others easier terms than we gave the British in 1923 The London government has itself not adhered to any fixed scheme of settlement with Great Britain's war creditors, and is not expected to assert the right to say that Amer ica shall nbt do exactly as she pleases in set tling with our war creditors. If the British government insists that France shall pay Brit- ain in exactly the same ratio as she pays the United States, that will be for the British and French governments to thresh out. America will not take part in their debate on that sub ject, as it does not concern us. Against Discrimination. Congress is bound to take a vigorous hand in any final discussion of the debt business. If we give France or anybody else preferential treatment—that is, better terms than Great Britain received—opposition is certain on. Capi- tol Hill. Representative Charles R. Crisp, Democrat, of Georgia, who is one of the two House members of the Debt Funding Commis- sion, said in the House on December 16. 1924: “I will not, either as a member of the Debt Commission or as a member of this House, vote to settle the indebtedness of any of these other countries in any way which will sub- stantially vary from the basic settlement with Great Britain.” Mr. Crisp’s declaration indicates that all will not be smooth sailing in the Debt Commission itselt if the Coolidge policy for adjustments on the ‘“capacity to pay” basis is advocated there. (Copyright, 1925.) Capper Backs Vice President in Senate Reform I war, a speclal commissioner to study BY SENATOR ARTHUR CAPPER. I am In entire sympathy with Vice President Dawes’ declaration that the rules of Senate procedure are due for an overhauling. The country is “fed up” on the spectacle of a single or, at most, a small group of Senators rendering the legislative machine im- potent by the tactics of the filibuster. This is nothing more or less than put- ting the Nation's affairs as they are vitally and intimately affected by leg- islative: processes 'at the mercy of what in_effect is a one-man veto power: This, veto is not infrequently ‘more far reaching than that vested in the President. The President can only veto acts of Congress after their . The senatorial filibuster veto can and does prevent necessary legislation from consideration and vote. 2 - Siich an exercise of negative power is not contemplated in the powers vested in the legislative branch of the Government by the Constitution. In- deed, such power to hamstring legis- lation, is entirely repugnant to our | system of representative government. Congress is ‘the forum in which the country, through its representatives, voices and puts into effect its will in respect to affairs affecting the public welfare and prosperity. Tt is a gross perversion of this func- tion that a single member or even a steup of wmewmbe id arro gate power literally to strangle legis- Jation and to prevent even the con- sideration of business that it is the province of the Legislature to per- form. Yet such is the practical ef- fect of Senate rule 22—a relic of an- tiquity that is outworn and entirely out of harmony with .the complex de- mands of present-day legislation. This abuse of power—for it is noth- nig short of that—has resulted in a state of affairs that too often makes it practically impossible for a short ses- sion of Congress, such as the one but lately adjourned, to enact any except the appropriation legislation necessary to keep the various activities of the Government_in epsationsy,In the fawr session” tHE défeat of-any Such supply measure by filibuster would have forced an extra session of Congress. That would have been an invasion of the powers of the Executive. Under the Constitution the President has sole discretion to assemble Congress in extra session. Power Not Granted to Senate. This power to stifie legislation, as I have said, is not a power granted the Senate by the Constitution, but is a power the Senate has assumed of, own action in framing its rules of pro- cedure. Such practices not only palsy legis- lation, but they are a menaoce to the principle of majority zovernment. It inciple that our entire svstem of government is based. If a small minority can halt the progress of legislation and delay the public business, what becomes of our boasted majority government? It is not only minority rule, but it sets aside the verdicts of the country as they are recorded in elections in giv- ing approval tq poligjes enunciated by those whom thé.: jority of the peo- ple- edmmission to serve the country as the directing majority in govern- ment. It is, as Lincoln said in his first inaugural: “If the minoritr will not acquiesce, the majority must—or thé Government must cease." _In- correcting this manifest abuse it is not neces to abridge a single power vested # Congress by the Con- stitution: nor B it necessary to invade in anv degree the just and proper rights of minorities. It was intended that public business should be openly transacted and that decisiofis should be arrived at only after aniplést dis- cussion. It is by no means necessary to establish “gag” rule to abolish the rule that allows fillbuster ambuscades. Indeed, to abolish the filibuster is to facilitate the discussion of business ~voperly the dutv of Congress to con- sider. lnd f?fiul‘;,\( v\:b‘gc attention on the need for & revision ot.the 's procedures the Vice PremMe ing the opinion 6f many Senate® and A -ublic conviction that legislative processes should be fiberalized wh S necessary to facilitate the public busi- ness. In the wet session the Senate should give early consideration to this necessary business of setting its house in order. (Copyright. 1925.) Paprika Plentiful Hungary Is Happy “In die luft, in-die luft fliegt die pap- rika,” or “In the air, in the air, flew the paprika.” So goes a popular Vien- nese refrain which makes a little fun at the expense of the Hungarians. For it 1s well known how necessary paprika is to life in Hungary. What would be goulash or gypsy music without paprika? And an American, a Mr. Gilbert, proprietor of the Hotel Astoria in Budapest, once had a cor- ner on the paprika supply! That was back in 1920. Now there is an over- production of paprika in Hungary. In Szegedin there are more than 50 carloads of ground and 120 carloads of unground paprika. The producers are trying to influence the Hungarian government to abolish the export taxes-in order to enable them to sell the surplus abroad.. Perhaps, there- fore, paprika will soon fly more freely in the air over Vienna and other European cities. Americans also buy paprika from Hungary, but for them it must be sweetened. ‘u . Story Week Has Told Comprehensive Survey of Latest Events in United States and Abroad. BY HENRY W. BUNN HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most fmportant news of the world for the seven days ended May 23 * % % % The British Empire.—Field Mar- shal French, KEarl of Ypres, is dead at 72. Whatever may be the final judgment as to his adequacy to command on the grandest scale, the following cannot be gainsaid: That in the Boer War he proved himself one of the greatest cavalry leaders the world has seen; that in the re- treat from Mons to the Marne and the subsequent advance to the Aisne he handled his men with masterly skill, and that in the series of battles commonly known as the four battles of Ypres he displayed a tenacity in face of overwhelming nuumbers, which was an acceptable substitute for genlus, if indeed he lacked the latter. A successful tenacity for it held back the Germans from the | channel ports. He was in supreme command of the British forces on the western front from August, 1914, to| December, 1915, during which time the number of British divislons was increased from 5 to 34. His relations with Lord Kitchener, secretary of state for war, were un- satisfactory, whereof and his other embarrassments the earl discoursed in his book, “191 He was chiefly embarrassed by deficiency of artillery ammunition. It was due to his rep resentations on this head that Lord Xonhcll&fl:da his famous visit to the British fPont. Northcliffe discov- ered ‘the facts to be as stated by French, and Northcliffe’s consequent press campalign resulted in the crea- tion of the ministry of munition: with Lloyd George at its head, which counted for 8o much toward allied vic tory. Let them wrangle about the Flanders operations to the end of the chapter. and, conclude what they will, Field Marshal French's fame is im mortal, as that of the man who turned the tide of war in South Africa and who led the “Old Contemptible: A “private” bill offered by Lord As- | tor proposing to allow peeresses in | their own right to sit and vote in| the House of Lords has been rejected | by the lords, 80 to 78. It is expected that a government bill in the same sense will be offered in the near future and will be passed. The noble lords are not hospitable to the idea, but the see the handwriting on the wall a are preparing to act accordingly. Tl absurdity of excluding women from the House of Lords when they are admitted to the Commons is obvious. Perhaps the “reform” will be male a feature of that general reform of the House of Lords which cannot be much longer delaved. Sir George Llovd has been appointed British high commissioner for Egypt to succeed Field Marshal Viscount Allenby of Megiddo. Sir George's ap- pointment is justified by his record and experience. He began his career as attache of the British embassy at Constantinople. He was, prior to the the prospects for British trade with Turkey, Mesopotamia and Persta. Dur- ing the great war he served in EgYyD! at Gallipoli in Mesopotamia and in the Hejaz. He was governor of Bom- bay, 1918-1923. Field Marshal Sir Herbert C. O. Plumer has been appointed British high commissioner for Palestine and commander-in-chief of the British forces in that country, in succession to Sir Herbert Louis Samuel. Lord Plumer's record in the great v was a very distinguished one and he has shown marked ability as an adminis- trator. The Mount Logan expedition, organ- ized under the auspices of the Alpine Club of Canada, is off from the rail head at McCarthy, Alaska, bent on the conquest of Canada’s loftlest peak (19,400 feet; 450 feet lower than Mount McKinley). The climbers are all ama- teurs, but amateurs of prowess and with distinguished climbing records. Their leader is A. P. McCarthy, one time of Summit, N. J.; now a rancher of British Columbla. Good luck! * k% % French Morocco.—No siriking de- velopments in the past week in the war between the French and Abdul Krim. The French have been improv- ing their lines and communication: disposing the constantly arriving r inforcements and reconnoitering: as observed by the French airmen, Abdul Krim, preposterously secure behind the frontier of the Spanish zone, is.mak- img dispositions which compel the in- ference of an intention to attack in fdrce. Meantime Riff detachments ha- rass e French by petty attacks and the RIff leader continues his propa- gandist efforts. Apparently two advanced French blockhouse posts are still invested. (Latest dispatches indicate a discreet French aggressive.) Marshal Lyautey's chief danger, it would seem, is not from the Riferos, but from French enemies of the French Moroccan policy, i.e., the Com- munists and the Socialists. The for- mer, of course, would like to see the French African empire smashed and obliterated with every circumstance of dishonor to France, in the interest of general anarchy and the gospel of Lenin. The latter, while professing pa- triotism, would have the French gov- ernment at once negotiate a peace with Abdul Krim—that {s, concede his demands. To concede the Riff leader's de- mands would be to betray the Sultan of -Morocce, whose authority in the territory under the French protec- torate France is obligated by treaty to uphold against aggression from without or disaffection within. Such betrayal would compromise, perhaps fatally, the entire French position in Africa; moreover, it would give an immense impetus to that “revolt of Islam” of which the premonitory rumblings are audible to a good many glaours. The French Chamber meets tomorrow, May 25; conjecture is rife as to whetlrer or no the Social- ists will then make a common cause with the Communists in-repudiating the empire. A powerful argument for truckling to Abdui Krim {s the im- | mense cost of. the Moroccan opera- tions at a time when France financlally peculiarly embarrassed. | The Painleve government would go down before a-Communist-Socialist combination unless, contrary to em-| phatic protestations, Painleve should consent to be succored by the Right. | * ok ¥ X | Spain.—A roval decree, promulgated on the 17th, announces the followin; “Constitutional guarantees are re-es- tablished. The state of siege de- clared by the military governors of the provinces and in the Balearic and ‘Canary Islands on September 15, 1923, is hereby lifted. “Matters which under the state of siege have come under the jurisdic- tion of the military tribunais again return to ‘the ordinary courts of law unless by their special nature they are reserved by the courts for the | attention of the military jurisdiction.” | The decree is lent concerning Parliament, but it is to be presumed that ere long Spain will have another Parllament. - Primo de Rivera has organized a party called the Polit- jcal Union. 1If, as reported, it has | sort directorate, namely, purgation of thc body politic, but under constitutional forms. Ak Hungafy.—The sixth conference of representatives of the states.of little. entente—Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia and Rumania—was recently held at Bucharest. A communique issued by the conferees contains the following interesting paragraph (Associated Press translation): “The entente ir dissatisfied with the manner in which Hungary is avolding compliance with the conditions of the treaties of peace, particularly concerning dis armament, and if Hungary's present attitude does not change the entents will be obliged to consider taking definite action.” There is something mysterious about the present position of Admiral regent of Hungary. He s, as it were, almost out of the picture; whether of his own volition or under compulsion, one should like to know. with all else appertaining Count Bethlen. the premier, appears to be boss of the show. ok ok % Rumania.—In view of condition in which the World War left Rumania, that country (one thinks here of Premier Bratiano in particular), deserves great credit for its progress toward recovery—finan cial, fiscal and other. The budget is being balanced. the public debt is being served,. transport is back to normal, the educational system has been improved and a great agrar reform (on the whole just, though certain injustices have to be deplored) has been effected. But as to the at titude of the Rumanian government in respect of foreign investments in the country, that is a different ques tion—a much debated one. T United States of America.- the sorry tional Air Transport, Inc., has organized. It is understood that Wil- Ham Wrigley, jr.: Marshall Field, 3d Edsel Ford, the Curtiss Airplane and Motor Co. and the Wright Aeronau tical Corporation are interested in chief. Col. Paul Henderson, Second Assistant Postmaster General of the United States, who has been identified with the development of the trans continental alr mail service, will re. sign his Government position to be come general manager of the new company, which is capitalized at $10.000.000. Tt is proposed to make a beginning with establishment early in the coming Fall of a commercial air line between New York and Chicago for transport of freight and express onlv. the planes to fly by night One hears that Charles Dickinson president of the Aero Club of Iilino is planning another line of the same as the National Air Transport Line, and that he hopes to get it in operation before the latter. -he final steps have been taken in connection with funding af the in debtedness of the zovernment of Po land to that of the United States. - * % % % Philippine Islands.—The War De partment has approved the request of Gov. Gen. Wood for permission to attempt the raising of $1,000,000 in the United States for the leper col ony on the island of Culion, P. I There should be no difficulty what ever about raising the money. It is a singularly pathetic fact that upon a rumor that Gen. Wood was to re turn to the States he received a peti tion from 1,300 lepers imploring him to stay and save them from neglect For it seems that during the regime preceding that of Gen. Wood the col intrusted to Filipino administra- was scandalously neglected. For example, children born of leprous parents are “born clean.” During the’ administration of the colony by Amer icans (the colony is an American crea tion), prior to that by Filipinos, the children ‘were segregated and so es caped infection. During the adminis tration by Filipinos the hundred in-. fants were infected. Gen. Wood in spects the colony each month. * o ox % The North Pole—Capt. Roald Amundsen, with two planes each con taining a pilot, a mechanic and com mander, hopped off from Kings Ba: Spitzbergen, pointed for the North Pole, at about 6 p.m. on Thursday, the 21st, Capt. Amundsen commanding one plane and Lincoln Ellsworth of New York the other. The planes were fitted with pontoons adapted for taking the water or landing on ice Each plane carried a sledge, a col lapsible canvas boat, a tent. skiis. rifles shotguns and ammunition, and, rations for 30 days, against “eventu altties.” 4 The distance from Kings Bay to" the North Pole is about 680 miles The planes were fueled for 1,600 miles under normal conditions, a narrow margin that might be further reduced by strong headwinds. - Capt. Amundsen’s planes were flexible,, He might or might not land at thel pole. In’ the latter case barring accidents, he should have been back at Spitzbergen about noon on Friday. It was the expectation. that, in the former case, barring ac cldents, he would be back at Spitz bergen about noon vesterday. The world resounds with the fame of Capt. Amundsen's exploits, of which the greatest are: The location of the north magnetic pole in 1304 the negotiation (the first) of the Northwest Passage in 1905, and the® discovery of the South Pole in 1911. He is, of course, a hero of the first wate Nor are Mr. Ellswort achievements contemptible: He has explored in Yucatan, in the Hudson Bay country and in the Andes. Bk o Note.—The Belgian cabinet, com posed of members of the Catholic party and headed by M. Van de Vyvere, which took office on May 13 was overthrown by a vote of non- confidence on May 22. It is thought that general elections will soon be held. Monorail System Finally in Discard Consolidation of all the numerous railways in the south of Ireland into one company has led to the discon- tinuance of the Lartigue line in County Kerry. This little 10-mile monorail system was a picturesque | survival of an idea that once was wel- | comed as likely- to revolutionize rail- way travel. The line ran on a single rail, the carriages being on each side of it, like the creels on a donkey's back. Passengers had so to dispose themselves in the train that there was an equal weight on each side The same necessity for preserving an equilibrium - affected the transit of cattle, and it was said that when a man wanted to send a cow from Ballybunion he had to wait till a neighbor had another cow to balance its weight. The system was invented by a Frenchman. As it required less ground for its right of way it was expected to make railway construc- tion cheaper. Ballybunion, however, a membership of a million, it should be able to dominate elections. The declared object of its formation is continuance by it of the work of the was almost the only part of Europe that took it up. The new amalga- mated Southern Railways Co. thought 1t a nuisance and abolished it