Evening Star Newspaper, May 10, 1925, Page 64

\ . ECONONY SERVED IN USING LACQUER Substitute for Varnish on Automobiles Commended by Baltimore Physician. More than half the automobiles made in the country are lacquered rather than varnished, according to Dr. D. B, Keyes of Baltimore, who prediots that eventually lacquers will replace entirely the old-time automo- le varnish, Durability, ease of application and onomic advantage favor the use of cquers, says Dr. Keyes in a paper epared for the American Chemical lety. He cites figures compiled by the Duco division of du Pont, based Upon results with medium-sized cars; ;As to labor costs, the varnish time per body was 6.7 hours, while the lac- quer time was 5.7 hours; the varnish €ost per body was $2.33 and the lac- quer cost, $2.26. Saving in floor space also is shown. Te varnish 300 cars @ach day required an area of 101,000 Square feet, while to lacquer the same number of cars in the same time re- quired 73,000 square feet. Twenty per cent of the cars bearing varnish were rejected, but only 2 per cent of the lacquered cars were rejected, Half of Cars Lacquered. “It is now pretty well acknowledged by every one in the varnish and lac- quer business that lacquers will in time crowd out the traditional auto. mobile varnish,” says Dr. Keyes. "I believe that at the present time more than half the cars made in the United States are lacquered. “The repaint jobs are probably using lacquer to a large extent, but this proportion may not be so great as in the new cars. The field for lacquers is even bigger on furniture and in in- terior decorating work than in auto- mobiles. “It will soon be quite possible to re- place all of the good grades of var- nishes now used with more durable lacquer. It is also possible to get new effects with lacquer that were not pos- sible with varnish. Spray Gun' Used. “Broadly speaking, the lacquer is not a lacquer, but a cross between a varnish and a lacquer, and all the paint and varnish manufacturers of today will be able to use their equip- ment, and their sales should increase rather than diminish beeause of the new product, “It will ba some time before the car owner can apply lacquer to his own car, for moat lacquers must be apnlied with a spray sum ‘and’ pet with a brush, and oqu‘;uwm would be too costly for himy to purchase or even yent. This does not mean that we will not have a brush lacquer that can be applied by the ear owner, but I see no jmmediate chance of developing such & product.” —_— Packed Like Sardines. The motor vehicle laws contain no ention of sarding cins, but in & re- aceident a pmall car Which everturned contained 11 passengers. John Smith and His Car BY FREDERICK C. RUSSELL. John Smith is a character whom every motorist should welcome. He is mot selfish; rather he is a motoring martyr, a chap willing and glad to ences for l‘- benefit of bave exploited, in an int resting way, his exper! the other 10,000,000 or more members of the motor clan. No. 97—The Starter Motor, Smith has such a knack of getting a lot of routine work done on the car in so short a time that he very frequently finds a chance to tackle some extra job. This time it hap- pened to be the starter motor. He decided to examine its commu- tator. Finding it was dirty, he clean- ed it by polishing it with a fine plece of sandpaper while John Smith, jr., stepped on the starter switch. After this he gave the bearing a few drops of clean oil, cleaned the inside of the cover band, inspected the brushes, and, finding them in goed condition, was soon ready to eall the job com- plete. But a query from John Smith, jr., set him thinking, “What makes the starter start the engine, pop?” the offspring asked, as- suming, childlike, that a motorist should know something about the ma- chinery he operates. “What do you mean, ‘what makes the starter start the engine? " par- ent Smith stammered. “Can’t you see that it’s simply an electric motor} There’s a sprocket-like on your bicycle —at the end of the motor shaft, and one here at the end of the engine shaft. When we step on the starter switch the current shoots into the electric motor, turns its shatt, pulls on the starter chain and cranks the motor. Isn’t that simple enough?" “Yes, but why doesn’t the chain keep on running after the engine has started?”” the boy puzzled. “Hanged if I know,” Smith ad- mitted. ‘““You tell him,” he added, noticing that I had joined the circle. “And say,” continued the future American_driver, “why don't all cars ave a chain like this one? Buddy Brown's dad's car has a whole lot of teeth on the fiywheel like a gear. Buddy says that's the starter. See, ywheel is smooth. It was all quite true, and, incident- ally, all quite new to Smith. “Let’s take things fn orde gested. rst, classify the various types of starters. All of them in use today depend for power on the electric motor. The variation comes in the way the motor drivés the engine in starting. One type of starter drive is known as the Bendix, the other as the overrunning chain. These two I speak of, or slight variations, are what you will find on most cars. “The Bendix is a gear drive, while the other a chain <drive. When you push on the starter with the Bendix type you not only start the electric motor going but also place the small Starter gear in me; Wwith the teeth of the fiywheel. When the engine starts the small intermediate gear which comes between the flywheel and the gear at the end of the starter shaft automatically disengages—that is, provided you take your foot off the starter. If you don't the engine will be driving the starter motor, and there may be trouble. In case of a backfire—when the engine reverses —if you don't take your foot off the atarter button, or pedal, the gears w{ymm and break. “With the overrunning chain, as " 1 sug- on your char, the sprocket on the engine shaft it attached to a sort of clutch. When the sprocket is turned to the right—clockwise, looking at the engine from the front—it turns t engine shaft, but if the engine sha tarts turning, the clutch immediately disengages the sprocket. like cranking the car by hand. n you crank to the right the engine turns over but when it starts by itself 1t leaves the crank handle stationary. As in the case of the Bendix drive, however, you have to guard against a backfire. At least you must be sure not to keep the starter going if the engine reverses its motion. You'd be giving the starter motor a broken arm “But what makes some starters make so much noise and others so little?” Smith asked when I had fin- ished. “And how can a little motor like this one crank a big engine?” junjor chimed in. “One at a time, please! I begged. “The starter motor is geared, by chain or actual gears, in such a way that it turns many times faster than the engine shaft during the oranking process. This gives it a mechanical advantage and greatly increases {ts power. Whether a starter is quiet or nofsy depends partly upon type, but mainly upon the number of revo- lutions the starter shaft hag to make before making one complete revolu- tion of the engine shaft. When start- ers are geared very low they usually make a lot of nolse, but when a few tyrns of the starter motor gives the engine a quick crank the action {8 very quiet.”” “Then why don't they gear all the starters high so that engines can be cranked quickly and quietly?” Smith asked. “That's jyst where most manufac- turers find it advisable to make a cam- promise,” I explained. “A low-geared starter will operate on less current, while to crank a car with a high- geared starter the battery must be fully charged or vou must use a 12- volt battery. Englineers always find two sides to every story of design, and in offering a car they usually aim to satisfy the motorist with a satisfac- tory compromise. It was quite evident that Smith would not quickly recover from the surprise of learning that so small a thing as a starter motor could in- volve so many interesting points. Some day he'll discover that its the little things in motoring that make it worth while, Next week—Force Feed and Splash. (Copyright, 1925.) WHOLESALE 1336 14th St. N.W, PICTURES HELP IN IMPRESSING SAFETY LESSON ON CHILDREN from Bixth Keep to right on sidewalks and cross- walks; keep to left on highways with- out sidowalks s0 as to see approaching rafic: the streets intersec between white lines; cross roadway at right angles, never diago- nally; watch and obey the trafic of- foot; get off car with ward; hold on firmly until you reach the ground; use lett hand and right foot: on alighting from & car observe traffic befare moving; keep your eyes open at all times; watch for traffic when it is necessary to pass behind cars; keep out of railroad yards; cross crossings cnr;x‘;llouly:b}(u;;.h;w zlrtl cars when riding a bicycle: home yards; play s your own, Pledge of Carefulness Read, “Tmlod" of carefulness was read. As good citizens of our community a majority expressed a willingneas to help make our highways safe. “The trafic squad is chosen. They direct the trafic about the building. They try to heip the principal pro- mote safety in and about the school and_city; they warn those who are heedless; they help those whe ave in danger; in every way they help their elassmates to form correct habits on highways. After a conference with the principal and city officials pla: were carried back to the home rooma. “The safety project afforded an op- portunity for the pupils to carry into everyday actions the lessons learned in the classroom. The Junlor Council e - OLDSMOBILE ake Its Wheel and Drive— That’s All We Ask! It will take weeks, perhaps months, to ap- preciate fully the wonderfully improved pe by rformance recently built into this car Oldsmobile and General Motors. But your first ride will convince you that this new performance is of ; extraordinary character. Take that ride at any timé—-we’ll fufnish the car and withhold the “selling talk”. Coac 5107 Ine, B MURPHY, Paseiseny DISTRIBUTOR® 1835-Fourteenth Street N.W, a very . Touring *890 1.0.b. Lansing, phes tan 18 an organisation within the school Which stimulates a wide range of pupll activities and co-ordinates them with regular olass work. It aims to conserve life, ‘health and: property and to co-operite in all civic enter. prises concerning the home, echool and community, Uity Oficials Aid. rganization is the |} . oom, consisting of 30 or 36 pupils, who elect their own chairman and guch committees as may be deemed necessary to carry on the various activities of the school. Meetings are held at Jeast once a Wweek for discussion and instruction: The home room teacher acts as ad- viser. The mayor and city officlals ith students in all eivic The chief of police in- y:rlll in the basic prin- 5 : “The campalgn was started. Traf- fic codes were posted about' the bullding Coples were carried home. A neighboring parochial school of 400 pupils caught our en- thusiasm and jolned in our safety project. The pupils practiced the lflllu lg.; gld learned in the class MR. MOTORIST EBONITE is the ideal gear lubricant, big enough and tough enough to stand up and deliver mileage under the severest strains that the ars ‘in your Moter Car or ck can impose upon iv"d. count for liutle. t. convinced. Buy with your mind made Demand EBONITE. ‘ske mo substitute, 0 e pump only. EBONITE T kel DUt G Ul VUK TRANGHI SIS AND KL A AKLLS e ERdNT e It Don't Blame this Boy- He is an American T Ses it operate, and fi room. ‘THey helped others to safety habiu ey encournged the little children to co-operste, pupils and adults followed 'the ample set/by the students. ed to be catching the safety “The children realised the im- portance of safety habits which must ome & rt of their daily lfe More friendly relations exist between city officials and pupils because they havé discussed together safety prob- lems for our city. Students are de- veloping the habit of thinking and doing things which are helpful to them and to our city. “Improvement comes by copstant practice.. It is prétty cretain that if & thing is repeated a sufficient num- ber of times it will have some im- pression. Now, we look ‘upon the safety project as a drill in habit formation. It gives the child a chance to put class room instruction into practice, It encourages habits of service; it emphasizes the importance NASH OWNERS Arnold L, Leonard has been appointed service and W. Preston Williams assistant manager, service manager of the HAWKINS NASH MOTOR CO. Both the above men Hurley Motor Company. are all men of long experience on Nash cars. HAWKINS NASH MOTOR CO. © 1337 14th Street N.W. T'his is & boy who has red blood in his veigs. T don'e au whether he is tweaty or sixty. Pl Youth is pet & matter of years— but feeling. This boy can laugh without hurt- ing himeelf. He thinks there is 8 little kick in the world yet. He not suffering from sncmis. Hehascirculationandeverything. Above all he is going somewhere. And he does not drag his feet. He knows there is an adventure beyond the mext turn. He has driven motor cars since Henry Ford was just rich. =and he saw it go, The carry-all came —and he saw that go. The two cylinder and the four came to the chosen American in s, of obeying traffic rules and affords an _educational opponrnllv for the tr-lnlnhnl American citizens in cor- rect habits on our highway: “In our system the saf Improved Roads Cheaper. As study made by Iowa State shows the difference in cost of maintaining earth and improved roads. The for- mer require an annual cost of $25,000 a mile for each-500 ears, while the .| Bood roads cost $20,650 a mile for chiet of police and given their s tions about the schocl buildings. At other times they assist the officers on streets during heavy traffic. The pupils follow the directions of their chosen leaders.” Tow Rope Is Useful. Perhaps not one motoriat in 100 carries & tow rope. Yet this useful article would frequently save a man a lot of time, trouble and money. If you have & tow rope handy, most any motorist will hook on and give you & tow, In the old days, hefore cars reached the mechanical perfection of today, tow ropes were more popular. were formerly with the Our shop employes L e N T T S e e T The two cylinder gave him s thrill and the old sulky and gray mare psssed out, The four was a knockout the same number of cars. —_— The city highway is now .he lead- problem. Champion isoutselling throughout the world because it is the better spark plug. X for Fords60c. Blue Champion: Box for all other cars, 75¢. More than 95,000 dealevs sell Cham. Champion Spark Plug Co. Toledo, Obio i IR when the two oylinder got bumpy. Of course the six was heavenly =uatil «~the day of The Grest Line Eight arrived. This is e who has red e B voian . I blood LI He Ioves the feel of the sturdy wheel - ~the snsp and go of & brawny car ~—the passing thrill in the traffic press : ~—the throttle kick when she gets sway quick, He is bumsn—he is slive~he is natural : : —well—he is just an Americag. Give me the words to say this Get qut and drive two hundred miles, thnt makes you say when you get there— *“This is AN automobile.” i