Evening Star Newspaper, April 26, 1925, Page 41

Everyday Religion Not a Talk on Theology, But Upon Life and Right Living. BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. Home and Known. “In My Father's house are many dwellings. if it were not so, I would have told you: I go to prepare a place for you —§t. John, 14.2. HIS fourteenth chapter of St. John's gospel has been very properly called the “Holy of Holles” of the New Testa ment. It constitutes part of vhat is commonly known as the ‘table talk” of Jesus. It was in the intimacy of the board ‘that He talked to His disciples as He had never done before concerning the most vital matters men ponder and discu The opening words of this chapter are singularly tender, “Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid,” then follows the amazing statement ‘which sheds such a flood of light upon the obscure things of the tuture. All through the ages men have been seeking to penetrate the unknown and the ancient question of Job, “If a man die. shall he live again?" has been universally on every lip. It is not merely a question of immortality of that all men feel a reasonable cer tainty, it is rather a question as to the ‘conditions of life beyond Lorder land. When the shadow of death falls across our hearthstone and one we have loved passes beyond our vision, we are bound to ask those | questions that have to do with life's | tenewal and the conditions of its | being. * * x % | It was a homeless Christ who had the | \ng | may hope for not only the continuity |of life, but the continuity of those things that make life worth while. * ok % x Tt is Jargely triie that the develop- ment of our character here is, in no small degree, conditioned by our fel- | lowships. and It is certainly true that the deepest joys born out of contact with those we love. It would not be life, here or hereafter, were these fellowships and intimacies to cease. We cannot think of a man in a state of satisfaction | without thinking of him environed by ose who here have made him large- what he is. We do not believe it is an idle thing to think of our future life in terms of home and loved ones and friendship. There is a certain touch of tenderness about the ex- pression Jesus yses where He says “If these things were not so, I would have told you.” He was seeking to illuminate ~ with His own divine vision the shadowy pathway of the future. We remember it was Pastor Wagner who wrote concerning the loss of his own son, Thou hast sown with rays of white light The pathway to the grave, left at the gates of death A gleam as of the dawn.” There is nothing in this expression that suggests doubt or misgiving. It is the cry of an earnest soul, resting his hopes of life and reunion in the better world upon the sure Word spoken by Jesus Christ. e not where to lay His head. who spoke | with a certainty no other human lip | has ever expressed concerning the future, and it is from Him alone that we have the word that assures us, not only of life beyond life. but of the persistence of that most sacred f all human relationships which the home itself exemplifies. In this word | spoken in tender intimacy, Jesus | identifies life in the other world with | the sacred relationships of the home. ‘ We cannot think of any existence in | other terms than those with which we are now familiar, nor can we think of life in its fullness and rich- without those fellowships that e make it what it is. Speculation stops where Jesus speaks and the heart burdened with grief finds in His word its divinest consolation. We may not know, and it is well that is so, the conditions of life in the future, and questions of time and | place have little value to us: suffi- | cient is it to have assurance that | death does not end all, and that we ' There may be many other questions that He left unanswered, but in the sublimest of all His messages He gave assurance of the unbroken con tinuity of fellowship, and He ident fied life in the future with those things that are most sacred to us here, kinship and friendship. We re- call seeing in Canterbury Cathedral the tomb of Dean Alford and its striking inscription which reads as follows: “The inn of a traveler on his way to Jerusalem.” It is strikingly suggestive of the passage of man from limited life to full, free. and unhampered life. We believe, “There is a region lovelier far Than sages tell or poets sing, Brighter than noonday glories are And softer than the tints of Spring.” To every tired, sorrowing, hoping pilgrim of life, He speaks: “Let not your hearts be troubled: In my Father’s house are many dwellings.” Many Vital Issues Faced In Peking Conferences (Continued from First Page.) Pending the agreement, a large amount of interest has been accumulating and_held in a Brit- ish bank, so naturally France is press ing for a settlement and may be willing to accept a compromise from the present de facto government. This morning’s paper states that the case is being considered and an agreement is in sight, though the Kuomintang lenies the right of the de facto gov- ernment to make any binding agree- ment. The entire question of the return of the Boxer indemnity and of the uses to which the money shall be put is constantly discussed in the papers. Every one is thoroughly disgusted with~ the average Chinese student, who, to use an expressive slang de- scription, is “too light for heavy work and too heavy for light work,” and consequently becomes an idler and egitator. Spending money on the education of these men and women has been like buying a gun and ammunition for a coolie with bandit proclivities. Anti-Christian, anti-for- eign, anti-government movements, are_instigated and fostered in the colleges and student organizations. Bolshevism _is spreading throughout e land. To return the Boxer in- mnity for educational purposes is not to benefit the Chinese people, un- less it is education in agriculture and engineering, and they are provided with the actual tools and opportunities put their knowledge into practice. It is estimated that about 70 per cent China’s population is engaged in agricultural pursuits; they toil on with antiquated methods, fighting against flood and drought and the depreda- | tions of the military. Annually the vivers of China rise and thousands of ives are lost through drowning, famine and plague. These floods could be controlled, if not prevented, by ef- fectual dikes and forestry. heen put up for the use of the money for railroads—and China certainly needs them—and the income derived to be given to education, but this scheme not met with favor as the rail- voads are the first weapons of the military leaders, railroad revenue is diverted to their purposes and the cars | are confiscated. China and the Opium Evil. The opium evil continues to humili- ate the world. In the recent confer- ence at Geneva Dr. Sze and the Chi- nese delegation and Mr. Porter and the Americans withdrew. Their high hopes came to nothing in a deadlock. Though not. familiar with the details—our papers have had hardly more than headlines—we are all familiar with the worth and dignity of Dr. Sze and the ctical altruism of the Americans, PUrpost Russ Reds’ Spy System Touches All Countries Soviet Russia’s spy system does not stop at the Russian fromtier. It ex- tends to all countries, not only to spread Communist propaganda but to| watch Soviet representatives in the outside world. Members of the in- telligentsia who have entered the serv- ice of the refs in order to keep alive | are watched more carefully than are | the known Communists. Thus doctors | who leave Russia to buy megical sup- plies and leaders of commissions sent fo negotiate with other governments are kept in sight by members of the spy system. Usually two spies are nt to dog the fotsteps of a suspected “white.” ven the most important representatives are watched some times. Through the indiscretion of an agent it has become known that Nakovsky was watched during a stay in Baden. He went there with the avowed intention of taking the cure.! One of his watchers took a room in | the same hotel, He was the daily chess partner of Ratovsky's secre- | tary and telephoned twice a day to the Soviet embassy in Vienna. But this man tried to play the game both ways and offered to obtain informa- | tion for the Rumanians. Not satis- fied with his returns. one day he men- aced the members of -the Rumanian vice consul's family with a revolver. Rumanians take especial interest in Rakovsky, who was a Rumanian of | Bulgarian descent, before he became Soviss commissag fog the.dikrainey so we carinot feel that the failure was due to them. Opium smuggling is a very profitable business here_ on a par with bootlegging at home, and many bundles are surreptitiously stowed away on the passenger steamers go- ing up and down the river. A few weeks ago opium was discovered hid- den in the piano of a boat. When sus- picion is aroused the opium is usually hastily placed in the luggage or laun- dry of some one who is in charge of the investigation. There has been much publicity given to the disgrace- ful conduct of the military in Fukien, who force the people to grow popples for opium production in order that they may collect the large revenue. It is said that many were killed for re- fusing to obey the poppy-growing order, and others were starving for lack of food, as they were not permit- ted to grow any vegetables, and the overproduction of opium _forced the price too low for profit. Certainly the suppression of the three evils—cultiva- tion, use and sale of opilum—has not been a success, and the government receives no revenue. Now it has been suggested that the government estab- lish_a monopoly in order to get the traffic under control and later kill it with-one-blow at the cenfralized, vital spot. As carly as 1835 the traffic in oplum was of gravest concern to the Chinese government, and at that time an official proposed that the trade be legalized and taxed, to do away with the violence, bribery and extortion then in existence (as now) and check it through official recognition. He was stripped of his rank and sen- tenced to transportation into Mongolia as a rebuke to his audacity. The claim has been made that in 1917 the evil was almost completely suppressed. But since then, during and after the war, it has flourished as never before. At any rate, there seems to be a strong feeling that measures must be taken at once, and the problem of the opium traffic will be considered at the recon- struction conference. The crying need of China is the demobilization of her huge, corrupt army, which, instead of protecting the people from the opium evil, enforces the cultivation, indulges in the consumption and profits by the illegal sale. All eyes are focused on Peking, all hopes centered on_the reconstruction conference, and the people’s confer- ence to follow. With the sagacity of the 82-year-old chairman, Chao Erh-shun; the clean-cut and broad-minded poli- cies of Tuan Chi-jui, the honest co-op- eration of the military and civil repre- sentatives, will they be able to cut the Gordian knot? For truly China's prob- lems are tangled beyond untying. No foreigner ventures to predict what is g0ing to happen in the next few years, or even the next few months. One thing only is certain—that things could not be much wors French Premier Gets But a Small Salary To serve as Premier of France is not only difficult but very expensive. The head of the French government receives less than $6,000 a year in salary and since in the last 30 years no French premier has been in office for a longer period than 23 months, none of them has been able to take | advantage of the law granting “a life- long pension after six years spent permanently in office” Aristide Briand, who has been premier seven times, lives in a small apartment in Paris’ and cannot afford to employ a servant. The wife of the janitor does the daily cleaning end when a caller rings Briand’s door bell the old statesman opens the door himself. Edward Herriot, who knows that French premiers do not remain long in office, did not resign his position as mayor of Lyons, a position he has held for 20 years. Every Saturday afternoon he went to his home town, 300 miles from Paris, and spent Sun. day attending to the affairs of that prosperous city. Austrians Leaving Home Since the World War 39336 Aus- trians have left their home land to seek their fortunes elsewhere. Most of them went from Vienna, where un- employment is greatest. There are between 200,000 and 250,000 unem- d in all Austriae _ we experience are | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., 'APRIL’ 26, 1925— PART 2. Colleges Would Stem Irreligious Tides By Rectifying Own Mistakes of Past BY DREW PEARSON. OTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY is not only one of the largest and wealthiest of American educational institutions, but a stanch foundation-rock of Meth- odist learning. For years Methodists, most numerous of Midwest churchmen. have stead. tastly and consistently done four thing Barred dancing. drinking and card-playing from their congregations and sent their sons and daughters to Northwestern University. “ Therefore. in making a study of religion and morals among the youth of American col- leges. it was inevitable that I interview Walter Dill Scott, president of that great university. Mr. Scott met me at the University Club in Chicago, and after we had settled ourselves in one of the quiet corners of its comfortable lounge, I showed him a poll taken among the seniors of a_large university in which a ma- Jority of the students had testified that they approved of women smoking, that they smoked themselves, had a taste for liquor, and that if given the opportunity they would marry for money, rather than for love. Following this, T asked Mr. Scott if it were not true that the colleges had taught money-making to the ex- ¢Iusion of veligion and right-living. 1 repeat Mr. Scott's frank reply with our Auowing conversation, as he gave it to me. A. No, but your criticism is in part justified. Our colleges have been influenced by their social environment and have been induced to place emphasis on material things. We teach the science of transportation, of insurdhce, of accounting, of biology, zoology, anthropology and all the other ologies, but we have not yet given sufficient emphasis in teaching our judges and our parents and our teachers and our preachers the sclence of mankind. We in- spire the materialistic outlook rather than, the religious outlook upon life. Against Religious Camouflage. Q. What do you mean by the religious out look? A. By religion I refer to no sect or dogma, but to the broad science of living with our fellowmen and making them happier and bet ter because of our contact with them. I do not believe in camouflaging religion under various names or creeds, and if we had not become so embroiled with dogmatic disputes over minor issues, we should not have lost sight of the major issue as we have today. Q. Why have the colleges failed to empha size the teaching of this sort of religion. A. Of course, we did teach it at first. Har- vard was founded to save the church from “an illiterate ministry,” Yale to prepare young men “for public employment both in church and state,” Northwestern “to promote the cause of Christian learning.” “And in those early days our ancestors knew perfectly how to educate our children. There were certain fixed rules which governed life. “This shalt thou do, and this shalt thou not do.” Don’t Know What to Teach. Today these rules are all topsy i are in a transitional stage. We cant teach our students any one set of rules, because we don't know what they are ourselves. Science started the trouble. We taught our youth the scientific history of mankind, which upset thelr religious trainings, and we gave them nothing to replace their old creed. We threw away the ©ld Lok before we had developed the new. Q. Why have the colleges concentrated most of their time on a materialistic form of education? A. Because the entire nation has been busy with materialistic enterprises. Our an- cestors were not in the same position. They were chiefly concerned with guiding the forces of men, of molding a new Government. But with that Government once set up, we turned our untiring energy and emthusiasm to over- coming the forces of nature. We were sur- rounded by the greatest wealth in the world, and we have been busy developing it. It is natural, therefore, that we should pay more attention to science than to religion; that we should be more interested in electricity, the telephone, radio, the automobile and all the wonders of our age than we are in the problem of morals. I do not say this was right, but 1 say it was natural. | | for Money,” Votes Graduating Unive “Would You Marry for Money? That question was asked of 158 grad- uating students in one of America's foremost universities. Eighty-nine an- swered “yes”; sixty-nine safd “no.” “Should Girls Smoke?™ a majority of the same students “Do You Drink? again voted “vyes “Do You Smoke?"—"Ye voted the senior class, this time by a thundering two-thirds majority. “What Is Your Favorite Play? The majority answered “Desire Under the Elms.” the production which received the severest criticism from New York's censorship board on the grounds of im- morality F Walter Dill Scott, president of North- western, America’s foremost Methodist university, when confrontéd with this vote, admits, in the accompanying in- terview, that our schools and colleges have been steering youth in the wrong direction, but predicts a religious revi- val in the future. Over 50 per cent A chemist who discovered a new explosive, or an economist who perfected a new method of business efficiency, immediately found a ready market for it. The experimenter in re- ligion received no encouragement. The college paid high salaries to its profes- sors of physics and chemistry and engineering, and paid relatively little to its professors of religion and social science, if it had any of them. So we taught our farmers how to turn out the best breed of hogs and the finest dairy cows, and we taught our chemists to invent new dyes and our economists to build up new business systems, but we failed to teach the science of right living Q. Are the colleges or the schools most to blame for this materialistic form of education? A. The colleges. Colleges always set the pace and the schools more or less have to fol- low. In this case the colleges set the pace in the wrong direction. Moreover, they have failed to influence the parents to give their children the proper religious education. The parents are not educating their children re- ligiously as they did a generation ago. Q. Why not? A. Because they do not know what to teach them. The parents themselves don't know whit they believe. We are in a transi- tional stage. Next Generation Equally Bad. The sad part about it all is that the chil- dren of today will be the parents of tomorrow, and they will in turn be at just as great a loss as to how to instruct their own children. The colleges and schools are not giving these future parents the right religious and moral training. But we don’'t know ourselves just what to teach them. We, also, are in the process of finding ourselves. . We are just awakening to the importance of our failure, which in’ itself is an important thing. In fact, one of the most optimistic signs at present is the fact that every college realizes that it has failed in this respect. Q. How long will the youth of our country continue to lack this essential moral training? A. Until we get out of the present “slough of despond” and find out where we are, and what we want to make of ourselves and our children. The parents are very much to blame, and it is essential that we all look these facts in the face. \ However, I think that the tide has turned. I know for a fact that most colleges have un- dertaken new work in the field of religious in- struction. Northwestern has just added five professors in this department. The largest number of our graduate students are now en- rolled in our department of religious education. This was never true before. Chemistry, which used to be most popular, has now fallen to sec- ond place. The universities have at last come to see that the proper study of mankind is man. They have begun to realize that we must place our emphasis on the social sciences, whose value cannot be measured in terms of dollars, but in the finer and less tangible terms of apprecia tion, service and sacrifice. We have awakened to the fact that men are not now working together happily and ef- fectively. There is said to be a lack of control in the home, restiessness in the school, apathy in the church, shirking in the shops, dishonesty in the counting house, grafting in politics, crime in the city and bolshevism threatening our institutions. The universities are tackling these prob- lems. Here are some of the things we have done at Northwestern. T know that other uni-. versities are working along the same line. Colleges Prevent Strikes. Three of our professors are experimenting with the relations of employes and employers in industrial organizations. Ten years ago they tried out a unique form of co-operation with a single firm. At present the system is used in over 80 plants employing 50,000 men. I believe this experiment is a step toward eliminating bolshevism. Four of our professors have been working with the children of our public schools, en- deavoring to appraise artistic ability in order that children may get started on the path for which they are best fitted. This should elimi- nate restlessness in the schools. ‘Three other professors, assisted by 52 graduate students, are working with thousands of parents, Sun day school teachers and preachers in devising a proper religious training for children and ascertaining the reason for apathy in the church and lack of control in the home. Only a few have caught the vision of the possible service that awaits the development of the social sciences. The diyidends will not be in dollars nor in increased earning power, but in the helpfulness of members of the fam- ily, efficient service for the industrial organiza- tion, better citizenship in Government and in- ternational good will, which will make for per- manent peace. Archimedes said that, if. provided with a fulerum, he could move the earth. The Ameri- can universities are providing an effective fulcrum that makes it possible to move the earth and to promote the welfare of all. ‘Heads of Bulgaria’s Disordered House BY MARGARET DE FOREST HICKS. NE is seldom surprised when in the Balkans political turmoil and unrest rear their ugly heads. for this un- fortunate bit of southeastern Europe, drenched in the blood of a thousand conflicts, has more than earned its ill-fated reputation. And, bacause its very name connotes “‘wurs and rumors of war,” the lack—during the last 12 months—of these disturbing elements has succeeded in attracting the attention of an in- creasing number who have viewed the phenom- enon of quiet with growing wonder and specu- lation. Not until the last fortnight, when Bulgaria blew off the lid, so to speak, has the Balkan kettle ceased, for over a year, to sing quite cheerfully and with no apparent signs of boil- ing over. Consequently, the present outburst has re- sulted in an interest in the why and wherefore of its origin that is of more than passing mo- ment, and one finds people speculating as to who is responsible for the disasters with which the papers are filled, and of what caliber are those faced with the problems of evolving order out of the present chaos. Two Men Hold Reins. Boris 11 is the present monarch; Alexander Tzankoff, the present premier. In the hands of these two men rightly rest the reins of gov- ernment. Are they capable of holding them? A few months ago I was in Sofia, on the anniversary of the installation of the Tzankoff regime, and had the privilege of discussing Bul- garian affairs with the premier. A difficult twelve months lay behind Alexan- der Tzankoff, but he outlined the year's politi- cal achievements with a satisfaction concern- ing the past and'a hope with regard to the future, which shone unmistakable from his in- telligent eyes. And, indeed, at that time it appeared as though Bulgaria stood upon the threshhold of an era that held great promise, of a period when, with internal peace apparently secured, she might turn her energies to the greater task of permanent economic and. political rehabilita- tion. y 7 During the first 12 months of his regime Tzankoff had accomplished more than seemed humanly possible—in consolidating. the govern- mental forces in the Sobranie (parliament), in suppressing communism, in winning the confi- dence of Bulgaria’s neighbors and in carrying out the stringest provisions of the Neuilly treaty. The accomplishment of this last task alone was enough to have required the entire ener- gies of the ablest of premiers, for it involved economic - jugglings with a view to meeting reparations requirements. which might have filled even the mind of a Hamilton with mis- givings and despair. - Bulgaria’s Situation. . “When the World War ended,” said Tzan- koff in explanation of this pafticular preblem, “‘Bulgaria was left impoverished in every pos- sible way—by loss of territory, by loss of ‘money and material and by loss of lives. A small country, surrounded by a ring of sus- picious neighbors,”and without the greatness™ —% Dots of Resslinlaty CReeDing Jato bls Yoice— BORIS, 1I, KING OF BULGARIA. — “of a defeated Germany, who can afford to em- ploy evasive measures, Bulgaria early realized that it would be national suicide to attempt anything but what seemed the impossible— the payment of a vearly reparations of two billion leva. “‘S8o0, with little more to encourage us than a forlorn hope in the power of miracles, we set about the task, and within the year we have seen that belief realized. 4 “Bulgaria, the smallest and the poorest of the Central powers, has paid her reparations in full, and she is the only nation that has done so. “Thus,"” continued, ‘‘we have safely passed the first important milestone. The year is ended. “It has been a difficult one, full of political and economic uncertainties, with seemingly unsurmountable difficulties. But looking back, one may see that in a sense it has been a period during which Bulgaria has faithfully performed difficult, self-imposed tasks which, when rightly appreciated, will, T hope, insure both at home and abroad, her future political welfare.” A note of earnestness in the voice, a square- ness of shoulder, a determination of manner made the words of Bulgaria's premier unde- niably convincing. He spoke with a clarity, furthermore, that bespoke his long training as a scholar. A large man, of some 40-0dd years, with brown hair and beard, a protruding forehead and strong. expressive hands, it was not diffi- cult to picture him as the university profes- sor—a vocation from which he had been called to assume the difficult duties. of premiership at a period of internal disorder rife with un- certainties. Tzakoff succeeded Stamboulisky, who fell the victim of an assassin's knife. When he assumed-office the entire country: was torn with political dissention. Within a yvear he succeeded in bringing order out of this chaos, and calm out of this strife. Premier Backed by King. The present situation is strangely parallel. And since. this striking similarity exi: one finds oneself wondering if Tzankoff is again equal to the task. If a familiarity with the situation both as it exists and as it may unfold; if a compre- hension of the important issues and an ability to meet them with intelligence. and if a grati- fying co-operation from the one other man whose support is most needed be sufficient an- swer to this question, then one is inclined to believe that Tzankoff will cope with the pres- ent unrest in the same successful manner that he did before. For in the King he has a strong and able al No puppet, no thing of sawdust and fine clothes is Boris II, but an active, intelligent, benevolent, two-fisted monarch, who studies his country’s problems from the practical side and not infrequently offers to his ministers the most acceptable course of action for their solution. In 1918, upon the enforced abdication of his father, Ferdinand, Boris ascended the throne. Since that time the welfare of his people has been his chief concern, and he has taken unto himself the duties of kingship with a sense of responsibility that has grown rather than lessened with the years. by ‘With the exception of the Prince of Wales, it s doubtful if there is a monarch or heir- apparent in Europe today so popular with his subjects. Because of his great simplicity he is loved by all classes,” and what is more important from the political standpoint, by all parties, both the extreme right and the extreme left. The grandson of Louis Filippe and the great-great-nephew of Queen Victoria, he is the soul of informality. In his palace in 'Sofia I found his private audience room lined with pictures of the French revolution, in which his forebears had figured, especially‘those of the block and guil- lotine, and in his private chapel—a gem of early Bulgarian architecture—a mural depict- ing, by a gruesome mountain of skulls, the place of the innocent murder of his country- men during orie of the Balkan wars. Is & Great. Pacifist. Boris is a great pacifist, and this canvas he keeps to®remind him constantly of the hor- rors of armed-conflict. e He tends, furthermore, toward great -len- iency of political thought.. On a May day celebration of the Communists, some years ago, the careless remark of a retainer who viewed the parade from a castle window near the King, dnd who expressed the hope that the crowds would be rained upon, received the monarch's stern rebuke, despite the fact that banners bore the inscription, “Down With the King.” But, possibly, the characteristic which en- dears him most to his subjects is his demo- cratic attitude toward them. HE following is a brief sum-| mary of the most important | news of the world for the| seven days ended April | * % %k X | British Empire.—The Prince | interesting and | down the coast On the 22d The of Wales continues hi fantastic “progress’ of 'western Africa. he | i sailed away from Lagos, on the Bight | of Benin, after spending some days in the protectorate of Nigeria, the largest of the British possessions in western Africa, with an area of about 336,000 square miles and a population of some eighteen millions. The excel system of motor roads in the | E n provinces enabled him to see a good deal of that section, but he | probably would have found the north ern provinces, with their Hausa towns | and Fula Emirates, still more inter- esting. The population of Nigeria is of great variety as to blood and degree of civ ilization. The Hau: tho h Nigri tic, are much crossed, with Arab and | Berber strains. The Faula are a mix- | ture of Berber and negro. The former are a remarkable people, numbering about five millions, very intelligent in many instances even cultured, ex- | cellent agriculturists and with a va riety of industries developed by them.- ( selves, including the making of cot ton cloth, mats, leather goods and | glass. They have a sonorous language which they have themselves reduced | to writing (the only instance of the| sort among the natives of tropical Africa), and they boast the beginnings of a literature, poetic and historical They furnish most of the soldiery and military police to the British admin. istration. The military force of the protectorate consists ¢ SN 1 body of polige and the Nigerian Regiment (four battalions of infantry and a bat tery and two companies of mounted infantry). natives officered by British With development of the railway | system (already well toward) in con ion with the rivers (especially the | Niger and its tributaries), a futu great material prosperity for seems certain Northern Nigeria is one of the most promising fields for cotton. growth the British empire, and there is & variety and profusion of other portables in the country rubber, indigo, cocoa. etc | Nigeria furnishes the not least hap py illustration of the British genius for colonial administration T are perhaps no more than a thousan Europeans in the protecte The national debt of Canad: $2,400,000,000. It is being ver reduced. ex- | France—On April 21 the n ernment appeared before the Chamber and submitted*to both houses of Par liament the “ministerial declaration.” | The Chamber voted confidence, 304 to 218. gThe Senate postponed its vote, The declaration was general. not to | say vague, except as follows: Term of | service with colo not to be further| reduced prior to satisfactory settle ment of the problem of security. As-| similation of Alsace and Lorraine to be effected in a discreet and conctlia tory way, and with delicate consider: tion for the rights and suscepti of the redeemed people. (Obvic bid for Senate support at the risk alienating the unified Socialists.) The new government, d declaration, was chiefly concerned for the security and financial equilibrium lof France.” The budget would be bal anced. The lending capacity of the country would not be overstrained, | but great sacrifices would be required (It is not clear what is thus suggest- ’edfappar-ml_\' increase of taxation {and stricter collection of taxes.) Foreign policy would rest on League of Nations. The d jects of the defunct (protocol of arbi- | tration and security) must be realized | by other machinery—namely, and in | the following order of importance: | Security, arbitration, disarmament The problem of the interallied debts | must be squarely faced. Effort must be made to procure the adhesion to the League of Nations of all the stat now dissenting with a view to com plete reconciliation and pacification of Europe. the | the me | the Discussion of the declaration re solved itself chiefly into violent Na tionalist attacks on the record of M Caillaux and denunciations of the government for his inclusion therein. | The great defeatist spoke very briefly. | He would avoid increase of circulation and increase of advances| from the Bank of France to the state.' He contemplated a “large operation | motives, and when forced to travel by | train, more frequently than not, he | rides in the engine cab. one hand upon | the throttle, the other ready to wave a “hail comrade” to the engineers of every passing train, all of whom he knows by name. His servants and as- sociates, furthermore, are treated with the utmost deference—-as one gentle man to another,” said M. Gruff, his| private secretary and congtant com- | panion, as he described the manner | in which his liege gave his commands | when, prior to an audience with the | King, T interviewed him During the disturbanc fortnight Boris has shown himself more than worthy of the love and ad miration of his people, who speak of | him affectionately as “the little King. On_ April 15, returning to Sofif. h motor car was attacked by bandits | and several of his party wounded. But on this ocasion he showed a courage | and @ calm of which any man might | well be proud. And again. followi the bomb outrage in the Sveti Cathedral, a few days later, he hurried immediately to the scene of the dis- aster and offered his personal aid. It has been suggested that the ban- dit attack was perpetrated with a view to_seizing valuables rather than tak- ing life, especially the life of the young King, and in view of a similar incident which occurred during the revolution of June, 1923, this seems a most | plausible explanation. At this time the King's car was halted by armed men, who covered the occupants with their revolvers and_demanded their surrender. s of the past Boris, cooly. Recognizing their monarch, the in- surgents dropped their guns and sub- mitted to arsest. And when question ed later in court as to why they did not kill the King, the leader of the band replied: “We did not want to put a wound into the heart of Bulgaria.” There Are Hopeful Signs. The eyes of the newspaper-reading world are turned toward Bulgaria these days with the keenest interest, for the press is filled with the de. velopments of the last fortnight. The situation is fraught with uncer- tainty. No official’s life seems safe, communism is rife and the political and economic conditions of the coun- | try are worse than they have been i months. S Yet there are hopeful signs. For those in command are able and | sincere. 1f the blind lead the blind, | Bulgaria would most certainly be headed for the proverbial ditch. But, fortunately, the heads of her di ordered house are men of vision and | intelligence, to whom those who are | following the country’s preseht un happy unheavals are looking with | sympathy and confidence to find a sane and safe way out of her present ; TIONEDE SRR N e |of the T | the | ment hs “Well, what's the matter?” inquired | f Story Week Has Told Comprehensive Survey of Latest Events in United States and Abroad, BY HENRY W. BUNN improvement of the financial situ ion,” but required time to work ou details. He would remain faith ful to his well known and cl avowed principles. He ended signifi cantly, “I am and shall remain the man who secured the adoption of the income tax (Referring to his g ago. He fundame nd stern income tgx and the law ag Speaking their leader, M his party were b, ed with the but would ra because of the toward M M. B tionalist follows: “Have we where we must choose cial bankruptey instatement of M moral bankruptcy than the other. Briand’s acce of foreign aff upon h hand! Herric the chambe journed to May collection « d enforcemes The Gern Germany. ident of tod e “Germ the Leipsiz Three Commt to death received found ernment of the that had ¥ GGermanr | ne as proposed hears'of the one he more one Cond s likes pole ca @ continue dity. T Bulga incider shevist a white terror and 4,000 s! on hat moderate e Agrariar such repos assert prompt ster to the sta rtial sons T once bee to meet ith a defi « and even al of Balkan ments, ev known sternness report is which Leen relea mentars of which it Third liaison an Agrarians ederalists) 1 dence sl Balkan Comn Communis ird Int the Lor n 1 prove that the geries Members of 1} ment have the v of on the sit se (probabiy d Inte vite goverr charge that the . has been privy plots against ment Probably these charge foundation, hut it m Jugoslav governi shown the proper cu ing the activities « an and Cc via It will of Neuiily lowing n regular corps of volunteer Balkan the munist be recalled allows t ned my The Tzank 1tedly bassadors < rep Council of A ity for incre: 000 (a smaller quate to deal with the ovite Agrarian local Communist menace) and for return to the conscript tem (the small pay and-the term ment bringir in a low class of volunt s) The coun- cil has permitted for the presen emergency an increase of the volun- teer arm) 10000, these recruits to be disbanded by May 31 at the lat It wa reluctant to make even modest a concession likely to precedent to which Hungary rmany might appeal obvious how a et govern- ria wc 1 further the program and in partic- Muscovite designs on Bessa- appe se of the arn force inade 1o The meeting of the Sobranje (par liament) of April 21 was a pictur esque affair. All the n ters and many of the deputies were bandadged and " all snooped about for hidden bombs. Fido A Miscellaneous.—M. Vandervelde. Socialist leader, invited to Belgian cabinet in succession to that headed by M. Theunis, announced failure on April 18. He could not get the required support outside his own the form a Portugal As gain been in the usual way < had another little military insur- happily nipped the bud of ed and < all till next time. yme was 2,678 vears old on April The newly excavated forum of s formal opened to the the annive vernment has official- the Kurdish in- AuIZzection io-endeth wounded, SR