Evening Star Newspaper, April 26, 1925, Page 40

THE EVENING STAR _With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY April 26, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 4Znd St Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 16 Regent St.. London, England. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- ing edition, is delivered by carriers wjthin the city at’ 60 cents per month: da; 45 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cel per month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at the end of each month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday 1yr. $8.40: 1 Daily only 1y 860001 Sunday only 1yr 324001 mo., mo. mo! All Other States, Daily and Sunday. . .1 yr., $10.00 Daily only 1y 00 Sunday only 1yr. $3.00 mo. mo mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to 1t or not otherwise cred- paper and also the local news publication The presence of the temporary war } huildings on the Mall and in Potomac Park in this city has been a cause of much distress to &ll Washingtonians who regard the Capital with affection. Their removal as quickly as they ca . replaced for the housing of such hureaus and other branches of Gov- ernment work located in them has been viewed as essential to the main- tenance of the distinctive character of | the city. Owing to the lack of legisla- | tive n providing for adequate huilding equipment here. however, the of these buildings continues and restoration of the park is postponed. The American Institute of Archi- tects at its fifty-eighth annual conven- tion in New York has adopted a reso lution urging President Coolidge to take steps to modify or remove these buildings, which “mar the Lincoln Memorial, belittle the solemnity of the Washington Monument and are ruin- ous to the beauty of Washingtor park system.” The President is re- quested to call on the Commission of Fine Arts to canvass the situation with a view 50 to alter the fronts of these buildings as to render them harmless to the park stem, or to take such steps as are necessary for their removal and for the replanting | of the space with the forestry which the original plan provided. It is furthe: urged that the completion of George Washington's plans for the Capital and the opening “of a glorified City of Washington the Nation and the world" be effected by 1932, the 200tn | anniversary of his birth It is conceive any aiteration that will render these build to impossible * to harmless to the park system.” ight should be entertained of intenance permanently in any hey are intruders upon the park distinctly designed as temporary, and, though in two in-| stances substantially constructed, are altogether undesirable as permanent | teatures of the Capital. The Government's housing problem is one of difficulty. Departments and bureaus are congested and scattered. More structures are needed urgently. Congress is convinced of this need, but owing to legislative conditions a large-scale building plan for the City of Washington could not be adopted at the late session. It is hoped, in- deed it is expected, that such a plan will be enacted into law next Winter. Some of these buildings now tres- passing on the park space will not en- dure much longer. They are already decrepit, and as housings for Govern- ment works, and particularly for pub- lic files, are wholly unsuitable and| even dangerous. The best interests of | the Government require their repiace- | ment speedily. ings th. their 1 guise, area, The two larger build- in Potomac Park more solidly built will endure indefinitely, but are | nevertheless an intrusion and a blem- ish, and regardless of their cost, or the cost of their replacement, they should he doomed to destruction just as «auickly as other quarters can be pro- vided to shelter pants. A survey of the situation might lead to action, but it is not necessary for the conclusion that these structures are makeshifts that disfigure the Capi- tal, and that should be removed Just s soon as funds can be provided and spent in the construction of per- manent Government quarters i their present occu e r——— Many of those interested in the Stone Mountain Memorial show a dis- position to disregard the chisel and devote exclusive attention to the ham- mer, . Demotion of Gen. Mitchell has not prevented him from being a high flyer 50 far as popular interest is concerned r——— The Making of Citizens, The annual pligrimage of the Na-| tlonal Society Children of the Ameri- can Revolution to Washington and Mount Vernon during the last week brings to attention again the work of these you- = Americans for their coun- try, a work surprisingly wide and sur- prisingly effective when its details are comprehended. The hope of the great republic is its children. Just to the ex- tent that the children are imbued with 4 spirit of patriotism, of self-sacrifice in the cause of duty and country, and just to the extent that the children «wre taught the real meaning of Ameri- «<an institutions, may the country look forward to a continued era of Justice, fair dealing and equal opportunity for all. The National Society Children of the American Revolution has its local societies in 35 States of the Union. Its members are scattered throughout the country. Its influence is becoming more and more important. Primariiy its work is among the children of the country. It does much toward bring- ing about the “Americanization” of the alien who has come to these shores, an end to be devoutly wished. 1t does much to bring hope and cheer 10 children who may be suffering 4rom | tural instruments, the tools of his in- of the duties of life and citizenship through the very act of alding others. A remarkable feature of the so- ciety’s work is found on Ellis Island. There come the “children of the seven seas,” the little aliens who with their parents are seeking admission to the United States, and there through the efforts of the society much is done to give the youngsters not only a favora- ble impression of the great America to which they have come, but also some inkling of what America stands for in the world. In earlier days these for- elgn children were sometimes in a de- plorable state at the immigration sta- tion, awaiting friends or deportation, unable to converse in English and to make their wants known. Now there have been established a kindergarten and teacher, with an assistant, on the island to care for the immigrant chil- dren, and much is done to give hope and happiness to homesick, lonesome | children. The society through its efforts has provided toys, 100, and a playground fully equipped. Members of the so- ciety send each month boxes for the children of the immigrants. Stories, songs and plays, under the direction of the kindergarten, serve to help the children toward a realization of Amer- ica. The contact established is used by the workers to help to implant the seed of patriotism, and this lesson is passed along by the children to their parents, and through the children the adults actually become better quali- fied for citizenship. ———————— The Farmer's Good Prospects. The country is always glad to hear favorable news about the farmer. Solicitude is always felt and expressed over his material condition and pros- pects. According to, reports of his present and prophesied future status as com- piled by the National Industrial Con- ference Board of New York, “at no time since 1920 has the farmer been n as favorable a position as in the early part of this year.” The state. ment sets out that while both farm product prices and wholesale prices of non-agricultural commodities have risen during the past few months, the prices of farm products have risen in sufficiently greater percentage to re- duce the spread between farm product prices and wholesale commodity prices notably since last December. The conference board points out that the farmer buys at retail and not at wholesale, and that while retail prices do not fluctuate to the same ex- tent as do wholesale prices, vet the comparison is believed sufficient to in- dicate the trend of the purchasing] power of the dollar in the long run. The farmer, whatever has ailed agri- culture, said to be looking ahead to a period of renewed vigor- ous activity, for he is buying agricul- s now dustry, in increasing measure. The board says this is reflected in increased employment, increased work. ing hours and increased weekly earn- | ings'in that industry. Another hope- ful sign in agricultural activity is the unusual demand for farm labor, ex- ceeding that of the corresponding sea- son for the past several years as re- ported by the United States Bureau of Labor employment division. By in- vesting money in business the farmer indicates that he at any rate has con- fidence in the future. e Pound Sterling Nears Par. The close approach of “sterling” to parity is a gratifying sign of the re covery of foreign exchange, even though other nations than England are still suffering from depreciation. The English pound has been creeping back toward its normal value slowly ever since the close of the war. It was the first of the foreign currencies to recuperate, and is the only one that has without drastic refinancing been restored to approximate parity. Ger many refinanced the mark after a| flagrant inflation. Great Britain has, | however, regained ground sole through skillful financing and ‘man- agement. In anticipation of the restoration of | the pound sterling to par American bankers are considering the possibility | of a shift in the current of exchange from New York to London. There is, indeed, even talk of sterling quota- tions above par in the near future. The recovery. of the pound sterling has been due to the re-establishment of British trade. Political conditions in Great Britain have returned to nor- mal. There have been no severe crises despite the brief advent of a labor ministry, which proved, in fact, to be veritably a stebilizing force. The restoration of the franc will be more difficult, though some hope is felt that under the ministrations of Caillaux the French government may soon regain solid financial ground and put itself in the way of a complete rehabilitation of the currency. —aee S In supervising rentals it may be necessary to leave some family home- less, even though willing to meet the figures of the landlord. The law of supply and demand relates to build- ings as well as to commerce in gen- eral. RSP R LA A The Balkens still suffer from an overproduction of trouble, and cannot remedy the situation by efforts to ex- port the article for world consumption. e Telephone Pictures. The local telephone company plans to open a telephone-picture transmis- sion service to be a part of the pro- posed Nation-wide commercial system for the electrical transmission of pic- tures, one link of which Is now oper- ated between San Francisco, Chicago and New York by the American Tele- graph and Telephone Co. Explana< tion and description of this system have been published, but there are many persons, very many, who do not understand the explanation. They will have to accept the telephone picture as a fact. ‘We have become so used to mechan- ico-scientific wonders that pictorial electricity does not distract us as much as the demonstration of word-electric transmission perplexed our grand- fathers in 1844, It was on the 24th of disease or accident. Perhaps as impor tant, it helps the vouthful members of the soclety themselves to a realization . May in that year that Samuel F. B. Morse, in the presence of a group in the Supreme Court room at thieCa THE SUNDAY: STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. ‘APRIL 26, 1925— PART tol, made the formal test of ‘electric communication between Washington and Baltimore. It. was in the Fall of 1844 that a telegraph office was opened in & small Government bujlding on the west side of Seventh street between E and F, adjoining the city post ‘office, and in 1845 Congress appropriated more money for the expense of operat- ing the line and put it under direction of the Postmasten General. The elec- tric -telegraph set Washington agog. The rest of the country heard about it, but great numbers f pérsons thought there was exaggeration or downright misrepresentation in the reports, Washington has also played its part in telephone history. The identifica- tion of Alexander Graham Bell, in- ventor of the practical telephone, with ‘Washington is known to all our peo- ple, though at the time he invented the telephone, 1874, he was a teacher in Boston University. Bell's first tele. phone patent was granted March 7, 1876, and many of us remember the strange and uncanny device which was one of the exhibits at the centen- nial exposition in 1876. Indications are that picture transmission by electric current has come to play its part in the world. ———— Britain's Baronet Bootlegger. It is a gratifying sign of reviving respect for the law that no sympathy is felt, here or in England, for the losses of the bootlegging baronet and his syndicate assoclates, who have just come to grief through the seizure of 30,000 cases of their liquor by the American enforcement fleets This brazen attempt, with full publicity, to break the laws of the United States, followed by its costly failure has, it would seem, shocked British public opinion, while in this country the flagrancy of the undertaking has brought many people heretofore indif- ferent to the effectiveness of the pro- hibition law to a realization that their attitude has been a factor in inviting and promoting law defiance. Undoubtedly large fortunes have been made since prokitbition was enact- ed in the smuggling of liquor into this country and in its sale in large and emall quantities. Hartwell's syndicate made six successful trips through the lines. The. seventh venture, which failed, wiped out a large part of the profits of the earlier ones. Just so a good many American bootleggers aft- er reaping a rich harvest for a time have come to grief, losing heavily, and in some instances losing their freedom. But the lawless game goes on despite these losses and risks. This is because a certain percentage—it is mnot be-| lieved to be a close approach to a majority—of people on this side of the Atlantic are lawbreakers in this | respect. To call a man abootlegger should be a deep reproach. The bootlegger® patron is just as lawless as he from | whom he gets his supply. If it were | not for the patron there would be no | bootlegger. The British baronet was investing his money and that of his as- | sociates in American lawlessness. { That he has failed in this particular effort to flaunt the Constitution and the statutes of the United States does not in itself signify that there is less lawlessness here, perhaps, but it does indicate that it is becoming more dif- ficult to break the law by wholesale. ———— A London comedian threw himself into the Thames because he could not remember his lines in a revue. If they were like the lines of. the average revue the audience might have been | willing to glve him a, vote of thanks for forgetting them. —_— Attorney General Sargent denounces violators of the law. A habitual viola- tor of the law is usuaily too intent on personal profit to accept valuable ad- vice even from the most eminent au- | thority Enforcement of prohibition varies in strength and flavor according locality. to SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JO“N’:.\'. Republics Are Unselfish. This thing thet they call politics Is something very strange. We gravely study all its tricks Although they seldom change. ‘We make a show of grief or glee. Yet, while our -pulses throb, The real question Seems to be, ““Who's going to get the job?" 1 get in line for the parade. 110 to Science Needs Religion To End Sin, BY THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the U. S. Medical science looks with jaun- diced eyes upon the Woctrine of the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, re- fusing to give its assent to the theo- logic idea of original sin. At the same time it is everlastingly hammering in defense of the doctrine of heredity. Any mean thing in my make-up, science has no difficulty in tracing back to my grandfather. In fact, it holds that all my traits, both good and bad, have come down to me from a good or bad ancestry. The medical scientist of today is endeavoring to wipe out the breed which through the ages has been af- flicted with epilepsy. This physical and mental disorder is transmissible, he has discovered. In his study of the disease, he has divided it into three classes: Grand mal, petite mal and Jacksonian. The man who is seized with grand mal falls, totally uncon- scious, and froths at the mouth; the victim of petite mal twitches, but re- tains a certain degree of conscious- ness; the Jacksonian epileptic mani- fests no physical infirmity, but suf- fers a mental disturbance. He is the brain-storm gentleman who kills when he pleases and gains acquittal on the ground that he was temporarily in- sane at the moment of his act. Scien- tists are seeking to end recreation of these epileptic persons, yet they re- Juctantly admit that the geniuses of the world reveal manifestations of Jacksonian epilepsy. * % % & I have been wondering whether, if science succeeds in stopping the breed of epileptics, manifestations of epl- lepsy will cease in the affairs of men. History is replete with illustrations of grand mal on the part of peoples and nations. All Europe and America seemed to have had such a seizure when the World War was on. Reason was dethroned; mankind fell into the stupor of war and frothed at the mouth. Likewise, the world has pe- riods of petite mal in which it may not' go to the extent of seeking to tear down civilization, but its peoples make faces at each other, suspect each other's motives, grow jealous of each other’s aims and ambitions. This really is no uncommon condition in the life of the world Then, too, we have periods when the Jacksonian appears in the affairs of men. Brain storms, national and in- ternational, then occur. Only recently, Paris, Rome and Tokio were jolted out of their normal condition merely because gmbassador Kellogg and For- THE COST The baking industry of the country {is greatly excited over the charges that are being made to the effect that there is an unreasonable margin of profit in the price the consumer must pay for a loaf of baker's bread. These charges are being widely disseminated and leading bakers are fearful their business will be given an ugly plark eve- If the real facts are not brought before the public. If Congress were in ses: -y probable that an investigation would be asked, and it is quite possible that it will come 10 that when the national law-making body assembles next De- cember. Meanwhile, however, the bakers hasten to deny with all em- phasis and vigor that they are prof- iteers. Briefly stated, the indictment against the bakers is thl: The Federal Gov- ernment at commissaries and supply depots operated for the Army sells bread “‘at cos to persons emploved in strictly governmental activities, who are allowed the privilege of pur- chasing food and some other commodi- ties on & cost basis. The price of this bread is uniformly 2 cents a loaf, which means that the commercial baker and retailer, who is charging nts a loaf for his product is gouging the consumer for a profit that is staggering when the percent- age is figursd. Stated even more briefly the answer of the bakers to this indictment fs that it is not true. Henry Ford, through his magazine, was one of the first to sponsor the profiteering charge against those who produce the Nation's daily bread, and he suggested that one of the coun- try's greatest needs are more bakeries like the Army has. Selling bread at cost, and holding that cost down to 2 cents a loaf struck Mr. Ford as one of the finest examples of social effi- ciency that had ever come under his observation Later a Boston publication took the matter up, saying that when bread prices were advanced during the war consumers generally assumed that when the war emergency was over the former price level would be estab- lished. Five Cents a Fair Price. Five cents was regarded as a fair price for bread,” says this critic of the baking industry, “it being as- sumed that the difference between that price and the actual cost of pro- ductfon would afford a reasonable profit for the baker and the middle- man. But the former schedules have not been re-established. It seems diffi- cult once a commodity has been ad- 1 join the lusty chéer. 1 wonder who will make the grade ‘Where folks electioneer. And even while I lift a shout ‘Where orators raise hob, 1 ask, “Why should I fret about Another fellow's job?” A Discreet Forgetfulness. “Who was your clilef antagonist in the recent election?" : “T don't remember,” answered Sen- ator Sorghtim, “If I could recall his name I shouldn't mention it, in view of the fact that publicity s so often the reward of martyrdom.” Jud Tunkins says a city gardener is an economist. He may not save mucn on vegetables, but & hoe is cheaper than a golf club. Reflections in a Cafe, For Woman's Rights we stand! And while : ‘We hal the novel thrill, The Gent provides the sunny smile; The lady pays the bill, ‘Earning Capacity. “HOw's your boy Josh doing?" “Not so well,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “He’s neglecting his ath- letics for his studies. I'm afraid he'll turn out to be a college professor in- stead of a base ball playei.” A Fruit ‘Crop Fashions. “We have no bananas today"— But the song that our sentiments reaches 2 In thé tune that the crop neports play Is “They aren't--mo -apples or peaches!” b 2 i 1 0o man,” said understand how small would look if he was necle Eben, “kin his troubles oriébody else, vanced to restore it to its original economic status., It s realized, of course, thal the overhead cost of pro- duction and distribution has been greatly increased, but the fact re- mains that the price of bread is not fixed upon the basis of its cost, so much as by what can be obtained for t.” It is pointed out that people who were reared on farms or in small villages and those now _enjoying rural advantages will recall readily the day when the cost of a loaf of bread was 80 small as to be insig- nificant. Flour made from wheat grown on the farm, mixed with milk from the farm dairy and baked by heat produced from wood which cost nothing more than the labor of pre- paring it gave the farmer his loaf of bread at a cost not to exceed 1 cent. It is not suggested that city bak- ers can turn out bread at any such cost, but it is contended that there is no justification for a retail price of bread that is 10, 12, or even 15 times the estimated original cost of the farm-produced loaf. Then when the Government undertakes to sell bread at cost and fixes the price at 2 cents a loaf, it is taken for granted that a clear case has been made out against the producers of the staff of life, and their profit is or could be it they were as efficient as the Gov- ernment, a matter of 500 or 600 per cent. Defenders of the bakers do not say what the cost of a loaf of bread is to them, but they do insist that the margin of profit is exceedingly small. The State of Wisconsin started out boldly, they say, to find bakery pil- fage and found the profits to be from 3% to % cent a pound on bread, with -a single exception where the baker had.a profit of nearly 1 cent. Why Uncle Sam’s Cost Is Low. 1. K. Russell, a former Washington correspondent, now editor of the offi- clal organ of the baking Industry, says that the explanation of Uncle Sam’s low cost is a simple one, be cause the only item considered is the price of flour in carload lots. Army bread, according to Mr. Rus- seil, 48 baked by a baker on an Arm: Tiot a cént of whith eon;iz BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN that | Marshall Says eign Secretary Austen Chamberlain, in a private conversation, spoke of a new naval conference. I recall, too, the seizure of the world when the ex- Crown Prince of Germany went to Berlin to attend a meeting of agricul- turists. Ashe walked Unter den Linden the nations of Europe had a brain storm brought on by the fear that the monarchy was about to be re-estab- lished in Germany. * Kk o* K During the World War Gen. l.udenJ dorft entered Rumania with his army, not for the purpose of annexing Ru- mania, but because Germany had fo have food. Her people were starving. | The Banca Generale at Bucharest| ‘Wwas compelled to issue bank notes in the sum of $75,000,000. After the armistice Rumania insisted that this sum should be repald to her. Twelve- and-one-half millions was tendered and rejected. When Mr. Dawes pro- vided his plan for the payment of war costs, Rumania, being an asso- ciated power, claimed $75,000,000 in full. Subsequently she demanded payments outside of the experts’ plan and threatened to seize German prop- erty and triple the import tax on Ger- man goods. She began, in fact, to deport Germans. Straightway Ber- Un had a brain storm. If this was to go on, Germans wailed, every other country’ might demand special pay- ment outside of the experts’ plan and chaos would come again. ¥ ok I am not foolish enough to' deny that epilepsy may not be curtailed by sclentific treatment of the subject. I would be more than foolish to enter any protest against experiments along this line. But I wish there might be a combination of science, pojitical economy and international law where- by we could produce a cure for na- tional and international manifesta- tions of epilepsy. 1In the individual these manifestations are likely to die out through the generations. In the state, nation and world the reverse is more apt to be true. Nations have brain storms because of fear, jealousy or misunderstanding. Then begins the making of faces by one nation at another. Finally comes the grand mal of war and desolation. Perhaps a cure will be possible when science shall cease to run the race alone, when religion shall mean that God made natural as well as spiritual laws, and when sclence and religion shall hook themselves together. as twin forces for the betterment of hu- manity and the world. (Copyright, 1925, by 21st Century Press.) OF BREAD from the baked product or is included in the computed “cost.”” The baker's assistants all get only their Army pay. The bakery is furnished free, fully machined and fully manned, and stands on tax-free ground, relieved from all officlal supervision and license fees. In other words, Army bread is pro- duced without any labor cost, with out any overhead expense and with out any capital charges, and when it is sold at 2 eents a loaf that price does not include any selling or dis. tribution cost “In Chicago is the chief flour-buying center for the Army and also the School of Subsistence, where the books are kept on Army costs,” says Mr. Russell. “Maj. Robert Littlejohn, a_remarkably intelligent and alert officer, s in command. We have n School of Baking, and our instructors frequently lecture at the Army School, while theirs lecture at ours. Maj. Littlefchn explains the bread-cost business in a way that ought to ap- peal to all fair-minded and reasonable people. “He says that in the Army they have many accounts. One of them is for flour. The,factors of a sol- dier’s ration are divided according to the total amount of cash allowed per day pér ration. In the system of bookkeeping that brings the cost of bread out at 2 cents per loaf nothing whatever is counted but the carload price of the flour from which it is made and the little bit of yeast used. Cash is paid out for the flour and this is checked off to the soldier to whom that flour is issued in the form of baked bread.” The bakery is built by the quarter- master and maintained by him, none of this expense being figured into the Dbread cost. Similarly as to person- nel, no service 1s hired that is charge- | able to the bakery. The hired hands are soldiers and they work for their pay as soldiers. If one of them is not on the Job for any reason the en- listed personnel supplies another at once and there is no employment -or labor turnover expense. “It is needless to add more,” says Mr. Russell. “The beneficiaries of the Army bread price do not carry the sustaining costs of baking and de- livering bread. Under similar con- ditions the baker would be baking bread in a way that violates all American methods. The State and city would provide land, tax free, and delivery wagons, price free. They would build and provide bakeries and equip them, instead of sending around a young army of license col- lectors, labor inspectors, sanitary in- spectors and what not, to get free board, among other things, off in- dustry. The baker would have noth- ing to do but count the loaves as made and draw his salray from s public fund outside the shop.” However, all this controversy, in- teresting and Iimportant as it may well be to the consuming public, has not settled the debated point—what does it actually cost the average city baker to produce the loaf of bread that retails at 10, 12 or 15 cents? —————— The Vanishing Title. There was a time in this country, and especially in the South, when a man, becoming the head of a sizable plantation or business, was usually called by some such perfectly harm- less and honorary title as *colonel.” The Southern colonel became & famil far figure in the country and was pres- ent largely in the works of certain fitf)pulxr authors, as well as in actual e. In recent years we have seen a change, titles are not so readily be- stowed. ~ Where there were once “judges” and “colonels” there are now merely “misters,” the latter being en- tirely sufficient in the average mind |or racial | Americans, |a ‘9 .Capital .Sidelights A distinguished looking gentleman approached the driver of a sedan standing zt the curb in front of an apartment house: “Are you engaged?” he asked. “No—why?" from the driver. “I have a party of nine I want driven to the Congressional Li- brary,” the old gentleman replied. “Well, that will make two loads,” commented the driver. The old gen- tleman waited for the second trip, and as he: stepped from the car said to the driver, “What do I owe you?” “Who's ' your Congressman?”’ was the surprising inquiry of the driver. “Why, Judge Bell of Georgia,” an- swered old gentleman; “why do you ask?” as he opened his wallel. “'Oh, I guess he’d do as much for me." nonchalantly remarked the other as he started his motor. ‘Then, taking Pity on the old gentleman, whose face gave evidences of his perplexity, the driver explained, “It's all right. I'm Congressman Connery.” That's the way “Bllly” does things—he's always ready to do a kindness, even (o strangers. Ak e We've gotten so used to the merit system in Uncle Sam's workshops since the Civil Service Commission has been on the job ‘that we seldom stop to appreciate how it has affected the efficiency of the Federal service. For example, take the Railway Mail Service. For seven vears immediately preceding the adoption of the com- petitive examination system, the num ber of pleces of mall distributed by each employe annually averaged 1.- 0731, and the number correctly dis- tributed for each error was 3,931. The average number of errors made by each employe annually in distribution was 335. For the 20 years after the classification of this service the aver- age number of pieces of mail dis- tributed annually by each emplo: was 1,504,164, an increase of about per cent over the amount of work per- formed per employe before classifi- cation. For the first decade followinz the classification the errors averaged one pieces of mail distrib uted, or 83 per employe annually. For the second decade the errors averaged one to every 11,307 pieces of mail dis- tributed, or 131 to each employe an nually. So we have had these men handling a greatly increased amount of work with much greater accuracy, which is the truest kind of efficiency’ o ox ox Increasing interest in. physical training is shown by growth in the number of institutions which give professional training in that subject Forty-five years ago, the Federal rec- ords” show, ‘only one school in this country gave such training. Tod: more than 100 institutions, including special schools, State normal schools colleges and universities, give courses of from two to four vears, and there were more than 1,000 graduates a year, as the Bureau of Education sta- tistics show. * ok ok % Representative John Q. Tilson of Connecticut, the new House leader, who_comes from the university town of New Haven, Conn., vet represents one of the big polyglot districts of this country, Among the pupils of the New Haven public schools are repre- sentatives of 45 different nationalities stocks, not including white who number 9,291 out of total enrollment of 66. sent the largest group, numbering 11,- 83%: Russia came next, then Poland Irelapd, Epgland, etc. The countries contributing ranged from the West In- dfes, through Europe to Asia, Ceylon, Australla, thence to South Ameri and Canada. Of these pupils were 1,057 born abroad. Of such is the American republic constituted, says Representative. Til- son. * x x % One of the best read men in Con- gress is Representative It Moore of Virginia, and he is an en- thusiast- in urging others to broaden their lives through reading. In : large measure through his efforts, and greatly to his gratification, his home State shows an increase of more than threefold in the appropriation for State-aided libraries, most of which are in rural schools. This action by the 'Virginia General Assembly makes it possible to aid every year some 1,000 rural schools in the purchase of library boo Virginia is also to be given credit for great cultural achievements along another line of general education. In the State there are now 32 well or- ganized and active musical clubs be- longing to the national federation. The first county federated music club was organized in Fluvanna County in 1920. The oldest city music club is in Petersburg, dating from 1898, The purpose and activities of the clubs vary widely and the range of dues is from 10 cents to $10 a year. in some organizations self-culture or musical creation s the object; in others the cultivation of musical ap- preciation in the community. Practi cally every club in the State has re- cently increased in membership. * * K x The Jews—generally considered to be. the shrewdest in commerce—are really great farmers, so Representa- tive Sol Bloom, himself a Jew and proud of it, declares after a quite ex- tensive: study of the subject. Today, he says, the Jewish farm population is more than 75,000, tilling more than 1,000,000 acres of farm lands, and the Jewish farmers own property valued at_more than $100,000,000. Petaluma, Calif.,. is known as “the egg basket of the world,” he points out, and there the Jews take a lead- ing part. The Toms River section of New Jersey, rapidly rivaling Peta- luma, has been developed by Jewish farmers. The second largest duck plant on Long Island is operated by a Jew, who last year raised 60,000 ducks. A former Jew manufacturer is now developing.on Long Island the largest plgeon farm. in the East. Jewish farniers are conspicuous in the development of the famous tobacco belt in the Connecticut River Valley. One of them is a pioneer in combin- 1ing cattle fattening with tobacco growing. The largest New Jersey po- tato farm is operated by a Jew., In the Geneva, Ohio, grape district a Jew is known as the “Grape King." A Georgia Jew runs & 700-acre ranch stocked with 300 head of cattle. Near Rochester, N. Y., a Jewish farmer operates a 300-acre farm devoted to wheat and other grains. And, if you have time to listen to him, Congressman Bleom will quote you similar fllustrations by the hour to prove that the Jew is a good farmer and helping to feed the people of the d. o ERE If you doubt that members of Con- gress are good scientists and have a deep technical knowledge on many themes, let me introduce you to Rep- resentative Martin L. Davey of Ohio, who has grown up in the tree surgery to convey any distinction that may be regarded as necessary. In fact, it appears that the bigger the man the more there is a tendency to drop the “mister” and use just the plain name. Also it is noticeable that men who use a single name are much better known as prominent figures in the country than men who distinguish themselves by thelr initials. % ‘The ‘“‘colonel” is rapidly fading, not even the recently acquired military titles holding up under the pressure. In a few years we may reasonably expect to hear of Southern colonels only in story books and in costume movies.—Greensboro Daily Record. IS Ml D As the assassin’s bullet clipped the moustache of King Boris of Bulgaria, it can truly‘l: sald t.lnt’l.l:v'h:fl al hair's breadth _escape.—Providence | Jourmal. . - Ve business. In discussing the Muscle Shoals problem he digressed with.this bit of knowledge which we had ignored since school days: “There are 10 elements that go to make up every plant, whether it be a tree, a shock of corn or wheat, or a vegetable. One of these elements Is carbon, and is taken from the carbom dioxide which comes out of the atr, and this is ab- sorbed into the plant through the leaves by a breating process very. sim- jlar to that in animals. The other nine elements ¢ome out of the soil. Six of these nine elements are usually in every soil in ample quantities for .| an indefinite period. The other three —nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium —are more quickly exhausted by the constant pumping of these elements out of the soil by the growing plants. Of these three nitrogen, which is most Italy | there | Walton | For President—Charles Gates Dawes of Illinois. For Vice President—John J, shing of the U. S. A. There is an all-soldfer, all-A. 3 all-pep political ticket for 1928, or whenever President Coolidge relin quishes his claims upon the grand old party. They have been talking a good deal of Gen. Dawes lately as a presidential possibility and some have gone so far as 1o declare the general is going to try to ride into office on the hobhy of his quarrel with_the Senate and its rules, But Gen. Dawes In the past talked of Pershing as the ideal Presi- dent. He was behind the incipient Pershing boom in 1920, but he decided then the time was not ripe. How. | ever, he publicly stated the day would come when the country would fully appreciate all that Pershing had done for it, and would come to know the dualities which, Dawes felt, fitted Per. shing for the presidency, But what of Pershing for President if Dawes is to run for the same office” | These two buddies of the old lunch counter in Lincoln. Nebr.; these two old cronies of the campaigns in | France, have been nearly inseparable since Pershing returned from South America. They have appeared 1o gether at Juncheons and dinners and banquets, at Rotarian gatherings and Kiwanis conventions. They had swapped stories on each other—a sort of Damon and Pythias performance throughout So if Dawes is to run for President he certainly will have to take Pershing along as the tall of the ticket, and yet that doesn't seem right, either, for Pershing was Dawes’ “boss” on the other side and it is not like Pershing to play second fiddle once he has been the virtuoso. Nevertheless, this is about as good political gossip as you can hear in the corridors or on the boulevards—and the ticket sounds interesting even if nothing ever eventuates. Per- F. I koo The Vice President attributed Gen. Pershing a few days ago some very sage advice to those who are thinking about a possible excursion or journey into the lands and bonds of “matrimony. Gen. Dawes said, when he was thinking of ‘commit- ting” matrimony, Gen. Pershing said to him, over coffee and “sinkers’” at the lunch counter: “Say what you please to a woman, but don’t put it on paper.” Gen. Dawes somewhat paradoxically said he had never forgotten that ad- vice, but had not always remembered it. Many sages seem to agree on this one subject, the sentiment being most tersely expressed perhaps in the words: This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. A tremendous yowling split the {lence of Estey alley It was not one of those vowls that had grown in in | tensity for several moments, but was {of the sort that springs full-fledged {out of nothing in particular. | A peculiarly piercing quality to some of the sounds informed me that Jack Spratt, alley cat de luxe, was engaged in a battle down on the other |side of the lamp post. There is no mistaking Jack. His clear soprano ‘is delicately attuned, ing aloft on wings of song, quiv- ring in_long waves of at least 364 | méters. It 1s easily distinguishable for a block or more. When this cat is out for the night, one usually knows he is smewhere in {the vicinity, because his dulcet tones place him accurately. Sometimes he |fights on the back porch, where it icannot be sald he does it best of all, to paraphrase the recently popular { seng. Sometimes he goes into battle in the alley, and the intensity of his pitch informs his friends just about his ex- act location. One night he was heard at a distance, down in the next block, engaged in wordy preliminary combat. While Jack cannot truthfully be said always to win his fights, this much can he stated, that for the past six months he has emerged from them | with the loss of only half a whisker. Mr. Spratt is very fond of his whiskers, quite proud of them, in fact. | There is just exactly the same num- ber to the left of his nose as there is {to the right, fo say nothing of four feelers or what ever-you-call-'em above |each eye. * o ox % This sudden yowling, however, was not in the small hours, but occured when the shades of night were falling fast, a8 the poet said. Here was a chance I_thought, to see a good cat fight. I must con- fess I like to watch cats fight. They mix it up so gleefully, and usually emerge without any particular causal- ties, so that it cannot be called a cruel sport. i Cats are such limber animals, with such an amazing power of humping up and twisting their backbones, that when fighting each other they are as_ slippery as eels. They are pro- vided with a formidable battery of weapons, it is true, so that one might think off hand they would deal out much damage to each other. It also is true that often a cat will return to its home with one ear chewed up, a cut across the nose, or some other such mishap, but as a general thing these injurles are only minor. 3 Felines, engaging in fisticuffs in the alley, can stage a lively bout without offending the sensibilities of the most tender—it only the latter really under- stood cats. They usually do not. Plunge them onto the border of a good cat fight, generally they imagine the four-legged fellows are tearing each other limb from limb. Most fights end with the larger cat getting the other down and mauling it for a second, until the ‘“under-dog manages to get to his feet and beat a hasty retreat. Suoh fighting 1s one of the big jovs in the life of our faithful house pets. it is meat and drink to them. Person- ally no cat has any use whatever for any other cat. Friendship among them iz unknown. Sometimes they tolerate each other, that is all. ok ok X With simultaneous springs, Jack Spratt and Old -Whitey mixed it up. They met in midair, like two fighting moose, and. clawed furiously. The gray-and-black tiger coat of Sir Spratt tumbled over the dirty white of Old Whitey, the two beasts revolving so rapidly that the total color combination resulted in a sense rness. o'og\::)o: the mass the strong right foreleg of Spratt emerged, poised in air just for a second, then descended in & wide arc, the feline equivalent r a neat u reut. m"Yee-cw:"ppsecrenm¢d Old Whitey, who had the edge on Spratt by at Jeast two pounds, a tremendous gain in_Catland. Whitey tried shock tactics then, knock Spratt to the ground. But Jack ducked, side-slipped and countered, knocking Whitey down on his back. The battle was over. Without a whimper, Old Whitey slipped out and ran down the alley, taking the low fences easily, with Spratt in glad pursuit. ©Old Whitey's owner came up. s “You.oughyto be ashamed of your- g A has | to| attempting to spring into the air to | MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. “Do right and fear no man; don't write and fear no woman.*” Gen. Pershing has been a much sought widower these many vears now. Perhaps he is the one person at last to practice what he preaches * x x X President Coolidge certainly has £ot to sguare himself with the base ball fans of Washington before the season is over. . When he stood up {in the wrong “half of the sevent | taning of the opening game he pulled {a boner that the t ball bug is not likely to forget for a long while | Fortunately the seventh-inning magic was needed in this game, Washington wus romping along witl a big lead and wound up at the righ |end of a 10-to-1 victory over ihe | Babeless Yankees of New York. I anvthing had gone wrong in the lite innings, however: if the Presiden had wittingly or unwittingly called Jjinx out of hiding by his untoward stretch, the fans would have put the bee upon him forever. The President’s boner, once more has called up discussion as to wheth- er he really is the “dyed-in-the- wool,” the “truth-in-fabric” fan that | he has been pictured In the public | prints. His somewhat slighting re- | marks toward the noble art of ang- ling, his disdain of golf and all tha | sort of thing have caused some doubt to arise. The President does not pre- tend to be much of a sportsman. likes vachting. That is to say, | likes the placid steaming of the May flower in the Potomae, but cares nothing for the full sheet of the sloop standing before half a gale with rig- ging taut and singing . The strenuous life man of Plymouth Notch. Base ball is placid, if you remain neutral. but the Washington fans don’t want the President to be meutral. They want him to stand up at the right time foi the old home team, and the chances are 10 to 1 that he will the next time out is not for the During the publishers’ convention the past week in New York the for mer Gov. Gov. James M. Cox of Ohio and Florida happened across Alex Julian of Cincinnati, Democratic candidates for Senator from Ohio at the same time Gov. Gox was candi date for President. It seems Alex Julian has been traveling abroad a good deal of late and has fallen for u are out of the party, Alex, said Gov. Cox when they met. “No man can wear spats and be a Demo- crat. Protests that some historians have pictured Thomas Jefferson as a “swell dresser” at times were of no avail Alex Julian is out. In any event he says he is never going to run for the Senate again. (Copyright, 1825.) Fifty Years Ago In The Star European manufacturers were great Iy interested in the centennial expo. on s sition planned to Exhibitors and e heid in Phila ig] lelphia in 1876, the CCBtCnnlEl. but feared to send their goods over for exhibit lest they be held for the payment of any debts that might be owed in this country The matter is thus discussed in The Star of April 20, 1875: “The indications are now favorable for a great measure of success for the centennial exposition next year, but we suggest to the managers that it would be of no little service to their cause if they were able to_give some authoritative assurance to foreign ex- hibitors that their goods will not be liable to seizure for the debts of the concern. It is understood that Baron Schlozer, the German Minister, and other diplomatic representatives at Washington have received solicitpus inquiries on this head from citizens of their respective countries who desire to send articles to Philadelphia for exhibition. It is also understood that, while the opinions of the law authori tles of the United States and Penn- sylvania are in a general way calcu- lated to reassure the inquiring par. ties, they do not place the question authoritatively at rest. It would be well, therefore, for the managers of this great enterprise to at once put themselves in a position, by the aid of legislation or otherwise, to be able | to zive Kuropean exhibitors the so | licited positive assurance of immunity from loss in the way indicated.” * * x Not for many vears after the pur. chase of Alaska by the United States e did it develop as a bo Conditions nanza territory. Mean i while man m AIUk" ‘were expre: the value of Secretary Seward’s bar. gain, which came in for much ridicule. In The Star of April 21, 1875, is the following: “The Americans sometimes lose sight of the fact that they are the possessors of a tract of territory far up in the northwest known as Alaska. Purchased at a time when the coun- try could ill afford to buy, it was hoped that the advantages of the bar- gain would soon be apparent, since the advocates of the proposition were loud in their assertions of its desir ableness. It turned out to be a bad bargain, and according to all accounts, but little progress has been made 'in any direction since it came into our hands. Capt. William H. Dall of the United States Coast Survey, who has spent three years there, has just for- warded an interesting account of the country and its inhabitants to the commissioner of education, which seems to verify this assertion. “Most Americans are unaware of the fact that Alaska embraces nearly rest of the United States, while its coastline is fully as great as the en tire coastline of the rest of our coun- try. The condition of education there is not encouraging. A few have learned enough from the priests of the Greek Church to read the cathechism, edu- cation being in most cases limited to this requirement, and Capt. Dall 18 frank enough to remark that ‘the present condition of the natives is less favorable than it was under thé Russian regime,’ a fact which is far from complimentary to the ‘universal Yankee Natfon.’ “Few citizens of the United States’ | he says, “realize that in one-seventh of her vast territory there is literally no civil law, no government, no re dress for injury, no protection for whites or natives, no legal authority for ssitlement and no punishment for crime. The military looks after of: fenders within the limits of their reservations and revenue officers have authority over offenders against revenue laws only.” self,” she said. on to fight.” “It was a fair fight, madam,” T re- plied. “And besides—" “Yes, but—" Your cat weighs more than mine. And I didn't do it with eggs.” “Yes, but _ You see. Spratt getk a half-pound of beefsteak a day.” “Oh, well, I'm going to start feed- ing Whitey, then. We only give him milk now. The next battle will be beefsteak vs. beefsteak, 1 see that. = - “Egging those cats one-sixth as much territory as all the