Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1925, Page 6

6 '"HE EVENING STAR!":" those who most sharply deplore With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINCGTON, D. C 'WEDNESDAY March 4, 1925 THEJDORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York OMee: 110 Fast 42nd St Chicago Office: Tower Bui'dl European Office: 16 Regent 8t., Londoa. The Evening Star, with the Sunda. edition, fs delivered by carrlers within city at 80 cents per month: daily omly, cents per month: Sunday oniy, 20 cents per month, Orders may be sent by meil or tele- phone Main 5000. - Collection s made by car- Tiers at the ead of each month, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr.. $8.40; 1 mo., Daily only. iyr., $6.00: 1 mo., Sunday only.......13r, $2.40; 1 mo., All Other States. Daily and Sunday- 1 yrs, $10.00; 1 mo. Daily only...... $7.00; 1 mo., Sunday only. $3.00; 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press fs exclusirely eatitled to the use for republication of all mews dis- patches credited fo It or not otherwise credited and also the local mews pub rights of publication re aiso resemsed. ngiand. the 70¢ 50¢ 20¢ 85¢ 80c 25¢ The American Faith. Président Coolidge speaks to the peo- ple of the United States today in his inaugural eddress in a $pirit of conse- cration to the principles upon which this Government is founded. In one of the shortest inaugurals on record he sets forth clearly and strongly his faith as an American. This address will take its place as one of the classics of our country’s state papers. Realization ‘that human nature “is about the most. constant thing in the universe; and that the essentials of human relationships do not change,” he reviews in a swift survey the cen- tury and @ half that has passed since “our national consciousness first as- serted itself.” We have been, and we propose to be, he says, more and more American. In that aspiration we must as a Nation hold the relationship to the Old World of understanding and forbearance. We are determined not 1o become implicated in the political controversies of other 'nations,. but hoping for a permanent peace, We must co-operate with them for under- standing. Our great duty requires us *‘to use our enormous powers to trim the balance of the world.” The President bespeaks adherence to the Permanent Court of International Justice, and he urges that we should “engage in no refinements of logic, no sophistries and no subterfuges toargue away the undoubted duty of this coun- try to bear its full share of the re- sponsibility of a candid and disinter- ested attempt at the establishment of a tribunal for the administration of even-handed justice between nation and nation.” From. the outset, says President Coolidge, it has been found necessary to conduct our Government by means of political parties. While that pro- cedure has not always worked perfect- 1y, nothing better has been devised.: In this connection the President pofntedly urges that any party that has been chosen by the péople for the conduct of their affairs must work with a unity of action to make the party majority “an effective instrument of govern- ment.” The significance of this expres- sion is plain. The President expects the Congress that was elected in No- vember with him fo.co-operate to carry into effect the policies that were adopt- ed by the people at that election. In interpretation of the November election the President declares that the people overwhelmingly voted in favor | of maintaining our constitutional guar- antees; that they demonstrated faith in the integrity of the courts; that they rejected decisively thie policy of public ownership of raliroads and other utili- ties; that they declared for conserva- tion and economy- in public expendi- tures and for reduction and reform of taxation. “I favor the policy of economy,” says the President, “not because I wish to save money, but because I wish to save people. The men and ‘women of this country Who toil are the ones who bear the cost of the Govern- ment. Every dollar that we carelessly waste means that their life may be so much the more meager. Every doliar that wé prudently save means that their life will be so much the more abundant. Economy is idealism in its most practical form.” ‘Therein is to be Tound the key to the attitude of President Coolidge upon the matter of public expenditures. It is the common sense of conservation. Obedence to law, says the President, 1s the first rule for the guidance of a citizen of & republic. While there may be those of high intelligence who vio- late the Jaw at times, the barbarian and the defective always violate it. Therein is the key to the President’s wititude toward law enforcement as he urges the following of the. path of civilization and not the path that “leads back to the jungle.” To his conclusion, in a. paragraph which breathes the &pirit of his ances- try, President Coelidge strikes & high note of devotion’to the eternal prin- ciples of human liberty as exemplified in’this, the most representative, the most liberal, the most enlightened Gov- ernment on earth. His closing words | are a message to the world: “America seeks no earthly empire built on blood and force. No ambition, no temptation, lures her to thought of foreign dorninions. The legions which she sends forth are armed, not with the sword, but with the cross. The higher state to which she seeks the al- legiance of all mankind is not of hu- man, but of divine origin. She cher- ishes no purpose save to merit the favor of Almighty God.” e ‘The importance of today’s proceed- ings give this city undisputed rank as the world's greatest capital. The Inaugural Parade. Many of those who -watch today’'s inaugural parade, requiring less than an héur for passage, will recall cere- monidl procéssions of & similat char- acter at.past inaugurations and draw sharp contrasts. Twelve and more vears ago these -pageants of soldiers and ecivilians were long. Many of this change in practice, that the hours-long processions of earlier in- {augurations were rather tiresome. As band after band succeeded in line, heading now a troop of militla frem one State, now from another, or per- haps a group of civilians representing some politicnl soclety, ‘here was little varlety after the first hour. Probably few who recall the inaugu- ral parade of 1889, for example, when President Harrison took the oath of office, regret the absence of intermin- able lines of Pennsylvania militiamen, thousands of them. At other inaugu- rations, too, similar hosts of citizen soldiery and black-coated political clubs marched, not particularly well, often with ragged lines, due to the weariness of long waiting at the for- mation points. There is, of course, an impressive- ness in numbers, but there is also an impressiveness in compactness. To- day's procession has the latter qual- ity. The brevity of the proceeding hi its significance, even greater than at- tenuation and elaboration. The man who at noon took the oath of office as President of the United States'is a simple citizen of this country, not given to form or ceremony. JHe is not a militant figure. He is a man of peace, quiet, efficient, direct. The es- cort that accompanies him on this occasion expresses his character. It is @ representation of the American Government, and that suffices. r——— A Model March 4. Rarely has Inauguration day been s0 agreeable in all the physical condi- tions as this. It is, indeed, for the sea- son an ideal day for a great outdoor ceremonial such as that which is being enacted here. There have been warmer Inauguration days, but none more pleasant in all aspects, and, further- more, there have been far worse day: when the air has been bitterly cold, with high winds, sometimes with snow and ice. Indeed, one looks back to in- augurations of the past to, remember mainly the intensely disagreeable ex- perlences on such occesions rather than the pleasant ones. Contrast, for example, this day with the 4th of March, 1909, when Presi- dent Taft took the oath of office. That was a day never to be forgotten, with its heavy snow and intense cold and turious winds; with its choked railroad tracks and stalled trains, thousands of visitors never reaching the Capital; with its broken telegraph lines almost completely isolating Washington for hours. E Golng back a little further in his- tory, there was the wet and intensely disagreeable Inauguration day of 1889, when President Harrison entered of- fice, @ wet, hieavy, altogether unpleas- ant time. And going back even further vet, to the time of Grant's second in- auguration in 1873, there are many who today will recall’ that terrible ex- perience, with the cold so keen that when West Point Cadet¥, for instance, suffered casualties as théy marched." These are only some of the unpleas- ant days on ‘which Presidents have taken the cath of office. They are the ones that stend out most sharply on the records and in the memory of liv- ing persons. They are the experiences that caused the demand for a change of date to a more clement season. It ‘was thought that surely after the 4th of March of 1909 there would be a shift of the national calendar to prevent @ recurrence of the veritable calamity of an inauguration ruined in its public features, with a heavy toll of life. But March 4 remains today, with its chances of bad weather as well as good weather. Unfortunately the pres- ent prospect is that if ever a change is made it will be for an even colder period of the year instead of a warmer. ‘Washington, the host city, would pre- fer that the people of the country should come to it for this great cere- monial at a time when it presents its fairest aspect, when- it is in bloom in all its beauty, when the pride which all Americans take in the Capital is certain to be greatest in appreciation of its unsurpassed attractions. ——————— Despite the inaugural address, Cal- vin Coolidge remains on this day, as on:others, a man more talked about than talking." R LT No regulations have yet been dis- covered to avert-a trafic jam In the Capitol on the last day of Congress. ‘The 4th of March asserts itself every four ‘years as a holiday no less safe and sane than the 4th of July. The World Court. While it was only & gesture, without any practical effect, the adoption.by the House yesterday of a resolution expressing the cordial approval of the ‘World Court ‘of Imternational Justice and an earnest desire that the United States_ give early ‘adherence to the protocol establishing it has a decided significance, and perhaps will have an influence in securing the participation of the United States in this body. The vote by which the resolution was adopted is impressive, 301 to 28. It is not to be believed that the fact that it was an immediately impotent action was a cause of this-heavy preponder- ence of expression for American par- ticipation in the World Court. Rather is it to be believed that if the question before the House had been one of prac- tical legislation the result would have been the same. g This question will arise in practical form at the next Congress. The Sen- ate convened in special session of the Sixty-ninth Congress, beginning tomor- row, may itself record its approval. The last House, by its action’in i{s ex- piring hours, cannot, of course, bind its successor. But there is no reason to question that the House of the Sixty-ninth Congress will stand ready to give its assent and to vote such ap- propriations as may be needed to ef- fect the participation of the United States in this tribunal of internatjonal Justice. e , Two Presidents of the United States have urged American membership in the World Court, and in today's ad- dress President Coolidge repeats this recommendation. The position of the them took several hours to pass. They were more colorful than that of tadny, but, it must be confessed, even| nited States as an influential factor world affairs will be strengthened representation at The Hague court and subscription to the principles of international justice embodled in that program. The action of the House of Representatives yesterday wasa happy sugury for an early move in this'direc- tion. — The Senate District Chairmen. Today at noon the term of office of Senator L. Helsler Ball expired. The District of Columbla regrets his de- parture from the Senate because he has been of exceptional service to ‘Washington in his work a member, and at the close of his term as chair- man, of the District committee. Sena- tor Ball labored diligently for the wel- fare of this community, especially dur- ing this past session he has been ac- tive. Numerous measures of impor- tance have been enacted largely through his persistent efforts, and in a review of the record of local legislation the value of his services at the head of the District committee will be recog- nized. . » Yesterday Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas was ehosen to succeed Senator Ball as the head of the District com- mittee. This is cause for general grati- fication in Washington, for Senator Capper has from the outset of his con- gressional service been keenly inter ested in all matters pertaining to the Capital. He has been one of the most Industrious members of the committee, thoroughly studying all local ques- tions and secking the enactment of legislation of constructive benefit. He has been conspicuously active and helpful in securing wholesome legisla- tion for the betterment of Washing- ton’s public schools. His understand- ing of the peculfar limitations and conditions of the Washingtonian is thorough, enabling him to visualize the requirements of the community. He meets the representatives of the people of Washington upon the ground of understanding and sympathy, and there is cheer in the prospect of his helpfut service as chairman during the next Congress, when matters of urgent importance still remaining for action will require consideration. Mitchell Carroll. In his many activities Dr. Mitchell Carroll, whose sudden death yesterday greatly shocked this community, was one of the notable citizens of the Cap- ital. A resident of Washington for a quarter of a century, he has been identified for that period with its scien- tific and artistic and literary life, as educator and student. His special in- terest was archeology, in which branch of learning he had gained international note. Since 1900, when he came to George Washington University, he has been professor of archeology and his- tory of art at that institution. He founded the Art and Archeology Maga- zine, and was for many years general secretary of the Archeological Insti- tute of America. Instrumental in the foundation of numerous bodies devoted to research and the promotion of art people lost their lives from exposure, {and science, he had a wide acquaint- ance throughout the country, and by his membership in international or- sanizations he was kept active in the world field. Hie kindly nature, his radiant personality and his gentleness of spirit endeared him to 2 very wide circle, and his passing causes a deep and sincere grief here. —————— As usual the outgoing - Congress leaves @ large amount of interesting and responsible business for the in- coming Congress to attend to. ————— There is a general sentiment to the effect that the first steps in income tax reduction have succeeded so well that Secretary Mellon should be encour- aged to go farther. ————— By avoiding diffuseness President Coolidge makee his most formal public addresses objects of close and search- ing attentfon. A sflent man has the advantage of arousing curiosity as to what he is thinking about. R SHOOTING STARS, BY PEHLANDER JOHNSON. The Order of the Day. ‘We might have bad a mammoth band, ‘Composed of all who play Fine mustc through our spacious land, To crowd the streets today. A pageantry we might have shown ‘Where countless thousands meet, All jubilantly to make known A happiness complete. For men we honor with such pains ‘We might have methods new, And bid them pass in aeroplanes— But motor cars will do. Unostentatious and sincere, Significant of pow'r, But not of pride, our course makes clear The Slfl(ll of the Hour. Legisiative Disappointments. ‘You have advocated many bills that were not passed.’” ‘‘Many,” answered Senator Sorghum. “But those have been forgotten. The bills that make trouble for you are those that pass and then don't work satisfactorily.” Report from_the Zoo. The Elephant .is filled with glee. The Donkey's joys abate. The Lame Duck's floating off to sea And the Ground Hog's out of date. Jud Tunkins says he admires. the musicians more than anybody else at a modern dance, owing to the fact that they ‘don’t dance. Sedate Old Times. “It's a long time since Crimson Guich had a lynching.” “Yep,” ai ered Cactus Joe. “With bootleg bandits and hit-and-runners soin’ at top speed, it's many a long year since the good oid Gulch has seen anything so quiet and férmal as a lynchin'. B T Economy: Economize! Let no one #fifrk! Although it's easler not to. But if for Uncle Sam you work, You find you've simply got to. “I enjoys standin’ on de sidewalk an’ givin’ three “cheers,” said Uncle Eben. “It-gives me a chance to lif" up my volce wif'out rone of my friends or family axin' me to 'splain whut I's talkin' "bout.” X e : THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C, WEDNESDAY. MARCH 4 —_———— 1 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘Men's desire to talk about them- selves speaks well for thelr enthu- siasm if not for their thoughtfulness of_othe Yon lean and hungry Cassius has gone on a fattening diet, so that when I approach him with news of a good book, our conversation runs something like this: “Say, 1 have just found a great story. ‘It Is called—-" “Didja ever go on a diet?" lled “The Wind in the Mist,' of the cleverest things I e ever read t is some job to go on a diet, be- lleve me, especially when you want to take on welght. You—" “You ought to read It, old man. You would ke it, I am sure.”" “You have to eat all sorts of things you don't want. Now take milk. Why, T think it is about the best tale I heve read this year. It takes 1ad, brought up in the very slufimy slums of London. The early days of Dickens are outdone. He had noth- ing to ea - “The trouble with me is that I have too darn much to eat. I have to stuff down potatoes and lots of butter. 1 have to eat loaves of bread morning, noon and night. I have to drink wa- ter with my meals when I positively loathe water with my meals.” “This poor chap never had a decent meal in his life. But you must read the story. Youwll like it. You can it at any book store.” am getting tired of running from grocery store to grocery store. 1 belleve I'll give up dieting. Well, 8o long, old man. Glad to seen you." “So long." * ok ok % If any reader thinks this {s over- drawn, he has only to listen to the next conversation between friends. It is true that formal acqualintances are constrained to give a bit more attention to what the other sa: Politeness demands ihat some con- sideration be given to Tom- Jone when he approaches you with his perpetual topic of radio. But you chafe at the conversational “bit. You have a pet’ topic of your oWn—golf —which Jones ought to be slightly Interested in. “Golf is a great game," form Jon e you in- “Did you ever play . 1 mever did,” replies he. “Looks too much like nothing but walking to suit me. I like radio.” “Oh, radio s all right, but golf takes you out into the. great out- doors, where men are men, and - all that sort of thing.” “Radio takes you into the great upper spaces, where electrons are electrons, my boy, where the soaring impuls lide along on ethereal to- boggan slides.” ot bad, Tom, but when a fellow plays golf he gets the life-giving sunshine, you know, and the fresh air, and also companionship. Com- panionship is what makes golf the game it ls. Friendship is what makes the world go round.” “Why, you never gaw the like of friendship when it comes to my radio. The manufacturer of my set adver- tises that ‘Home without a—radio is like life without a friend’ Wé al- ways have a dozen or so in, listen- ing and dancing.” ut on the links more personal. It—-" “It puts a lot of pep into home life, the radio does. 1 put a new low-loss condenser into my set last week, and it seems to me I am getting better results. I got a sta- tion late the other night, sounded like one of the Chicago stations. Somebody was playing something that sounded like a plano, maybe it was a xylophone. Somebody sang— it was either & tenor or a soprano. I am going to write off for verifica- tion.” “I suppose you will get it right. But on the links now, triendship 1s all you WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS - BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE In the man himself, not in his inaugural address, the country must loak for signs of “the new Coolidge.” The President's policies have not changed, but he has. His 5,000-word message reveals in no direction any departure from principles and pro- grams hitherto proclaimed. On them he stands pat. But in various vital respects Calvin Coolidge is aif- ferent today from what he was in August, 1923, as traditional day from night. He has found himself. He sits” irmly In the saddle. He has learned the ropes. He has become a President unafraid. That is the Cool- idge that was Inaugurated Chie? Ex- ecutive of the republic this day. * ok ok ok Co-operation with the outside world, on lines laid down at the Washington armament conference and as exempli- fied by our patricipation in the Dawes reparations plan, is Calvin Coolidge’s foreign policy boiled down to sentials. The President favors Amer- ican “adherence” to the World Court, as he always has, without saying what kind of a court—whether the Harding-Hughes court or theyPepper court, or the Borah court. ' In the realm of armaments, Mr. Coolidge calls for an “intensely modern” de- fensive establishment, but one that shall be neither a menace nor a spur to international competition in armles, navies or air fleets. There is & con- spicuous absence of any specific hint of Mr. Coolidge's. intention to call another disarmament conference. He has said in the past that he is dis- posed to awalt the outcome of Eu- rope's efforts, under League of Na tions auspices, to assemble an armi conference. Evidently the President does not think the time has yet come to snatch the initiative out of the Old World's bands. * ook K There is another glaring omission in Mr. Coolldge's. inaugural discussion of the International situation. He makes not the slightest reference to the $12,000,000,000 - which allied Europe owes the United States Treasury. Perhaps the. President intends this cryptic passage to have a meaning of its own for Prance, Italy, Belglum and our other transatlantic debtors: * * Our program Is never to op- press, but always to assist. But while we do justice to others, we must re- quire that justice be done to us. We have made great contributions to the settlement of ~contentious differences in both Europe and Asia. But there is s very difinité point beyond which we cannot go.” That is &s near a “Please remit” notice as Calvin Coolidge serves on the European governments that have, not yet followed Great Britain's fund- ing example. * % ok % ‘Americans who favor the recogni- tion of Soviet Russia will find. no comfort in President Coolidge’'s first inaugural address. The subject Is not mentioned or even hinted at. There i8 no suggestion that Senator Borah's plan for a “commission” to investi- sate the desirability of recognition is recelving White House consideration. Mr. Coolldge manifestly feels that he has more than once laid America’s Russian cards on the table, for the autocrats of Moscow to look at and ponder over, and that there is no vir- tue in reiterating conditions which the Soviet appears to have no inten- tion of meeting. - e * ok % % It i only.when he approache: purely @omestic issues that the Presi- don’t have to get any verification. You carry your own score card with you, and where you drive you know yourself. Of course, it won't do to come back to the office with reports of a record score, when you have nobedy to vouch for it except the caddy. It always pays to have wit- nesses. Yoi You ought to get a radlo, old man. It gives you something to do at home. “Golf gives you something to do out doors. Say, did you ever try to walk by yourself? Bores you to tears. But when you walk at golf, you have some one to- talk to, and something to do, whacking a bail ound, and so on. * % % & Unlearned, he koew no schoolm: subtle art, } No lanpuage, but the langusge of the beart. This language of the heart, then, is what shines above the words of such friendly conversations as 1 have detailed here. Each man is interested in what he does, what he Iikes, what occuples his time. It s useless to expect anything else. This is nature. This 1s life. This is what makes the world 80 _round. Take away a man’s enthusjasm, you. take away the man. As long as ane has enthusiasm for his tadk, he can put up & most tolerable im- itation of liking it. He can do better than that. He tually can like it! The happiest man in, the world is he who is doing what he loves to do. So there can be no kick, then, against the general run of men for not being what is called, in polite society, good conversationailsts. 1f Tom Jones were a good conver- sationalist, he would not be Jones— he would be Oliver Wendell Holme: the “autocrat of the breakfast table. I have always suspected that the genial Holmes must have been an intolerable old bore. We probably have the best of him in his books— his poems and stories. As a conver- tionalist, he must have been a sort of littie tin god. Holmes did not talk in the manner of the conversations detailed from life above. Not he! He was a real conversationalst, who turned a neat phrase, was properly grammatical and who adorned all he deigned to touch, He gracefully steered the conversa- tion so that there was no instance, at his table, of two men, bath talking upon separate toplcs, each Interested only In his own “line," each paying practically no attention to the talk of the other. How many readers, by the way, have read “Elsie Venner?’ This great novel by Oliver Wendell Holmes re- mains a good seller to this day, as indeed, it deserves to be. The story af the rattle-snaked, obsessed Elsle ir & masterful one. The darker side of the tale is re- lieved by many humorous touches, such as one might expect from the : writgr of the “One Hoss Shay” and “The Last Leaf” The account of ; the first ice cream party in America is inimitable. o The average man, of course, another Oliver Wendell Holme He is just Bill Smitherington, or J. Lester Smacker, one who earns his right to incumber the earth for a while by knowing a bit more about mathematics than the rest of us, the other who performs a like feat and achieves & similar result by being able to toot.a saxophone in an ac- ceptable manmer while bipeds of the male and female persuasion cavort to his tootings “It is a grand day, Smithy.” you say, out of the fullness of your heart. “Yea,” says Smitherington. “Say, have you got your income tax return in yet? § % “Spring is on its way, Lester, old you chortle. pleasantly. Yes,” replies J. Léster. "Say, have you heard that big new fox-trot, ‘Palpitating. Mamma? ™ not to) dent becomes concrete and prophetic in the realm of policy. He strike: with precision and famillar emphasis his favorite twin-note af’ govern< mental economy and tax.reform. On those lines Calvin Coolidge obviously is determined to fight it oyt df it takes all Summer of every Sum he is in the White House. . By all’ the signs of the political zodiac, économy and reduction of taxation will be the perpetually paramount issues of the Coolidge administration now at the outset of its four-year term. Mr. Coolidge will work incessantly in those directions. He will leave no stone unturned to preserve untar- nished “the matchless wisdom en- shirined in our Constitution"—the prettiest phrase in his address. He wants to work with Congress, at which he-throws a passing bouquet. But he foresees no hope of practical co-operation between a Republican Executive and a Republican legislature in Washington until Republicans elected as Republicans act and vote as such. Page Messrs. La_Follette, Brookhart, Johnson, Norris, Howell—and perhaps, even Borah. L Hereinbefore is set forth that Coolidge has undergone a change, even though his major policies re- main unaltered. No one who has seen the President at close range since the November elections fails to obesrve the change in him. He is enveloped in a cloak of authority that was missed in the past. He cuts more the figure of & man ready now to stand four square to the winds, no matter what betides. It ig-nét arro- 8ance or an exaggerated sense of self-importance that ‘men now de- tect in Calvin Coolidge. It is rather & consclousness af inherent stre, born of events. that converted him: from an “accident” into President in his own right. He, himself refers.to. it in his Inaugural address—"this, ad- ministration has come into power with a very clear and definite man- date from the peopl Coolidge - for many weeks past has been acting-tin- der the impulses which such a man- date, -as he thinks, justifies. He: has become every inch a President, and as President he means henceforward to comport himself. That is “the new Coolidge.” ok ok % Who are Calvin Coolidge's chief advisers to be? That is a question asked ten thousand times in Wash. ington this week. He has surrounde himself with a fairly “all-Western' cabinet. Will the refreshing political breezes that blow across the country from the coast, the Rocky Mountains, the Mississippi Valley and the Middle West be the winds that will largely determine the ship of state's course? Has New England, scene of Calvin Coolidge's ~birth, environment and political es, abdicated at Wash- ington? Timeé will show. Mr. Cool- idge has an “all-Western” cabinet, ‘more or iess, but he has an “all-New England” circle of Intimate counsels ors.” There is Mr. Stearns of Am- herst. There is Senator Butler of Massachusetts. -~ There {s Senator Gillett of Amherst. There is Mr. Justice Stone of Amherst. There is “Ted" Clark of Amherst at the presi- ntial elbow. And last, but by no means least, there is Dwight ‘W. Morrow of Amherst. “Lord Geoffrey Amherst” {s Calvin Coolldge's . fa- vorite -song. -Wil} the Amherst Blo be his favortte-group of eider ftates- 1925. : 1 Politics at Large BY G. GOULD LI;COLN. Four months ago today the Amer- ican people rolled up an unprece- dented plurality for Calvin Coolid; for President and chose a Republican majority in the House and flenate substantially larger zhan In the Con- gresy just closin, 4 As it happens, Mr. ready in the White Hous been right along. But had he not Dbeen President at the time of his election the American people would have been waiting.a third of a year for the Chief Executive they elected. And ds it happens, they have been waiting for the new legislative body thes elected, while the old Congress struggled futilely, utterly unable to translate Into legislation the pledges made to the people during the cam- paign. But today the Republican admin- istration and the Republican Con- gress take command. Mr. Coolidge, it appears, has decided that Congress can wait until the next regular ses- slon in December of this year before tackling the legislative’ program. This notwithstanding the failure of the tarm legislation program. Senator Borab - of ldaho, Republican, has warned the leaders of his party that this is a mistake. He has urged that a special session be called—urged in season and out—ever since he re- turned to Washington after the cam- k‘g‘lg Tast fall., Byt with'the price of teat reaching the $Z mark and hov- ering round that pofnt there has been a lessening of demand for agricul- tural legislation. Senators und mem- bers of the House from agricultural States frankly say that their mail, which a year ago contained scores and hundreds of letters from farmers asking that something be done to help. them, contains very few such letters now. But Mr. Borah takes the view that high prices are likely to tall with a dull, sickening thud next Summer and Fall if the wheat crops in Canada and Russia and the Ar- gentine are good crops and the pro- duction of grain in this country is not curtailed. Then he says, what will the voters say? % % ok On the other hand, the administra- tlon has set its face firmly against price fixing legislation for the ald of the farmer, and has based its hopes on co-operative marketing measures, certain improvements in credit legis- lation, and more education regarding diversification of crops. The new Secretary of Agriculture, William M. Jardine of Kansas, the first cabinet officer that the Sunflower State has, is at one with the President in his opposition to -any leglslation that savors of price fixing, Including the McNary-Haugen bill, in its original or_even in its modified form. But Senators from the agricultural West are predicting now that a change will come by the time the next session of Congress has rolled around. They say that the big co- operatives have shown clearly dur- ing the session of Congress just closed that they are opposed to Gov- ernment regulation of co-operatives, 85 proposed in the Capper-Haugen DLill, that, in fact, they are unable to unite on any measure. That being the case, the only thing which re- mains is a return to the proposal of a Government expert corporation, to handle the surplus crops of the American farmers, and to see that the price of their products is kept up. * x % * The Democrats, from a political angle, are not anxious that their Re- publican opponents should solve the farm problem—not now. They are hoping to make a strong come-back two years hence when a new House must be elected and one-third of the Senate. It's their job to dig up some issues with wRich to go to the peo- ple. John W.®avis, the Democrats’ standard bearer during the last cam- paign, ‘was in Washingtor this week, talicing politics aiil appearing befor the Supreme Court: . Mr. Davis is em- phatic in his.recommendation that the Democrats get down to business and bulld up credit with the people. Is- sues will come, and the Democrats, he says, should pit.themselves in a ‘position to make 'the most of them. ieldentally Mr. Davis has done what L first - it was deveted gxcm-lv-li to ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. Q. What schooling is required to get a pharmacist’s license in the Dis- triet?—P. J. M. A. The requirements for such g 1i- cshge are at least four years' practi- cal experience and the passing of an examination given by the District board of examiners. An examination is given quarterly. There are no spe- alal requirements for schooling. Q. Where is Bishop Asbury’s monu- ment located >—N. R. F. A. It stands in a small park at the south front of the Kenesaw apart- ments, Sixteenth and Mount Pleasant streets. H Q. What Is the population of Rus- sla?7—E. M. M. A. The population of Russia in Eu- rope as determined by the Soviet cen- sus, September 1, 1920, was 102,207, 800. The population of Asiatic Rus- sia is 23,407,500, Q. Who had the first department store?—H. L. A. A. The modern department store is an evolution of the village general store. Rowland H. Macy is credited with having concelved the edpar ment-store idea in America and was probably the first in the world. He opened an establishment at 204 Sixth avenue, New York City, in 1358.. At tancy goods, and gradually hats, ®oods, jewelry, tollet ware and-other departments were added. For many years this was the only store in’ New York to carry soaps and perfumes. Wanamaker's in_Philadelphia was opened in 1861 as Oak Hall. - Marshall Field & Co. was organized in Chicago in 1881, Q. Can a fox climb a tree?’—A. A. A. Foxes do not as a Tule climb trees, but in some {nstances have been known to do so. Especially young ones often climb fences and poles in breeding pens. Q. Are natural flower essences used in this country in the making of per- fumes?—P. J.'T. A. Natural flowers are used in the making of perfume, but the oil is not extracted from the natural flowers in this country. We import these es- sences from France, Bulgaria, Italy and other foreign countries. Q. What was the amount of the Democratic and Republican national campalgn funds last ycar?—C. A. A. The total expenditures of the campalgn by the Republican na- tional committee was $3,063,952.74. The Democratic national committee filed with the clerk of the House at Washington a report showing total campaign contributions of $845,520, from July 1 to November 20, and re- ported a loan of $120,000, which made available for the campaign a total of $965,520. Q. How is frul ndied?—J. K A. Fruit which is to be candied should be washed, peeled or pared, if necessary, and then cut or sliced. Drop fruit into boiling water for two or three minutes, draig well and cover with a sirup made by botling together one pound of sugar for each pound of frult, with one cup of wa- ter. Boll fruit rapidly in this sirup for 11, minutes. -Rerove from the fire and allow to stand overnight. The next morning boil for 10 or 15 min- utes agaln. Repeat the heating and cooling for four to six days, accord- ing to how rapidiy the water is drawn out and the sirup absorbed When the fruit is transparent and bright 1ift it from the sirup and dry in the sun or in a cool oven. Q. How many pounds will ene « bic foot of alr ralse at the depth of feet in water?—E. T. §. A. The Bureau of Standards savs that one cubic foot of air will raise about $2.5 pounds in fresh water. The depth has nothing to do with the buoyaney. Q. What is the record weight for the Albacore?—C. A. A. The Bureau of Fisheries says that it finds record of a 70-pound Al- bacore, which is the highest record it has for the common Albacore; how- ever, for the Great Albacore, some- times known as the tuna, of the At- lantic coast, it finds a record of 1,500 pounds. Q. What was Lillian Russeli's maidén neme and whom did she mar- ry %l Lo A Lilllan Russell was borh.in Clin- ton, lowa, in 1861. Her name was “l.eonard. She was married four times. Her husbands’ names were Harry Braham, Edward Solomon, John Chatterton and Alexander F. Moore. Q. What punishment was given the generals who conspired to assassinate Napoleon?—M. H. A. The principal conspirators in the plot to assassinate Napeoleon, 1303-04, were Gen. de Moreau, Gen. Pichegru, the Marquis de Riviere and the elder de Polignac. They were assoclated with Georges Cadoudal. De Moreau was sentenced to two years' impri-- onment, but later extled. Pichegru died in prison in 1804, de Polignac was imprisoned and Cadoudal was executed, Q. How did INinois and Virginia Sampare in corn grops last year!—E. A. In 1924 the ‘fotal production of corn in Illinois was 293;800,000 bush- els, the average yield per acre being 327 bushels. In Virginia the total production was 37,036,000 bushels, the gyerigt ylela per hese Being 21 bush- els. 9 Q: Ini what latitgde 18 the Aurora Borealfs seen?—R. Lo W. A. 1t is comparatively\gare within 45 degrees of the equator, bt more fre- quent toward the pole until in the latitude of 60 degreesft'is sometimes of alhost nightly occurrence. (Bove you a question you want ci- swered!? Send it to The Star Information Burecu, Frederic J. Haskin, Direcio Twentyfirst ond C streets northwes! The. only charge for this service is 2 cents in stamps for return posicge.) THE STORY OF THE FRENCH DEBT BY WILLIAM ARTICLE VIIL Failure on the part of France to pay her debt to the United States, now amounting, exclusive of pur- chases of surplus materials, to ap- proximately $3,800,000,000, would en- tail, a study of Treasury records dis- closes, an annual tax burden of about $202,000,000 on the American people for 25 years to come. On the other hand, funding of the French debt along lines of the British agreement would Tighten our present tax burden by approximately $114,000,000 a year and make possible at once another reduction In income taxes almost as large as the tax reduction of 1924. It is pot a matter of common kpowledge, but neyertheless it is true, ihat no arrangements whatever have been made by .the Unjted States to ‘Natfonal Chairman Cleni Shaver -un- dertook to do for him—declared him- 8élf putside of any consideratior for tha nomination in 1928. Mr. Divis considers. that talk ef candidates at this stage of the game is idbe. ,~ Howaver] it may be borfe in mind by somié of the Democrits that the failufe to unite on a strong vandldate ford: the nomination -‘comparatively eafly in tfe dady caused great trouble for the party-last July in New York: and resyited In a slaughter in No- vember. Among the Semators who go out of office today is Senator David I Walsh of Massacbusetts, Democrat, who went down to defeat before Speaker Gillett, mow Senator, in the last campaign. Senator Walsh is making no statements at this time as to what his future course shall be other than that he intends to practice law. But his friends are not so silent. They recall that twice he was elected Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and that he was elected - Senator against Secretary Weeks six _years ago. _Chairman ‘William M. Butler of the Republican national committee is serving in place of the late Senator Lodge, under appointment by the Republican gov- ernor. There will be. an election. however, in November, 1926, to fill the seat now occupied by Mr. Butler. That, his -friends say, will be the occasion of Mr. Walsh's re-entry into the political arena. * k% % Senator Butler is in. He is chair- man of the Republican national com- mittée; & place of great power. He & to be In the Senate for an- F 18" months before the election comes off. Massachusetts .is ordl- narlly a strongly Republican State when it comes to the election of United - States Senators. These are matters . t6 be considered. " “Senator Butler, it may be expected, Will hecome more and more 4 power 45 “the Senate.. Durlng the session Just elosed he has made comparatively 1{$tie" splash—certainly in the open. ‘But ‘there |8 no-secrst about the fact that he. ‘sirongly backed the President ifl. his efforts. to have the Benate confirm, first, the nomination of Harlin’ Fiske Stone as associate Jjustice of the ‘Supreme Court, and later, Charles B. Warren of Michigan a3 Attorney General. Mr. Butler will lead the fight in the Senate over the Warren nomination in the special session of the Senate just opening. The chairman of the Republican na- tional committee is a forceful man. He has been in politics for a consid- erable time, although he did not hold public office in recent years until he became chairman of the mnational committee at the President's request and later was appointed to the Senate. Early in the last campaign there was talk here and there that Butler was not managing things as they should be managed. But this talk came.in from some of_the old organization Wwhich was being eased out. The results of the campaign conducted by | Mr. Butler speak for themselves. It is a common thing now to speak of the adraltness of the Republican * k% % . Senator “Tom” Heflin of Alabama could be awarded the distinguished service medal and the croix de guerre as a story-teiler at any time. H colleagues admit it. During the ‘cent’ struggle in the Senate over the rétire that part of its public debt which is represented by money loaned to France during and after the war. Every year the Treasury at Wash- ington puts into this fund—called the sinking fund—a sum of money which is devotdd to paying off the public debt. . But all calculations to date have 'been based on the assumption that our Iate associates in the war would ‘meet their obligations, and no provision has‘beea made for retiring that part of the public debt which went to them. No Program for Retirement. In other words, our public debt to- day stands at about $21,000,000,000, and we have arranged to retire only $11,000,000,000 or so of this total Great Britain, through her debt-fund- ing arrangement, has made an agree- ment which automatically will retire $4,600,000,000 additional, Several other smaller nations have made similar agreements. But approximately 35 250,000,000 lent to other nations is still outstanding without any ar- rangéments for retirement. ‘About 80 per cent of this sum, Treasury figures show, is represented by sums lent to Fragce, and about 32 per cent, or $1,647,868,198, pépresents sums lent to Italy. These two na tions, neither of.which has.done any- thing tangible toward funding its debt, are thus responsiblé for more than $0 per cent of our qutstanding unfanded public debt today. The $5,260,000,000, records disclose, is the principal only. In addition there is due the United States $1,600, 000,000 in accumulated interest on all outstanding foreign loans, making & grand total of about $6,750,000,000 principal and interest due and un- funded. American taxpayers at the present time are making payments of about $275,000,000 a year into the sinking fund. Those payments are in addi- tion to the interest payments on Lib- erty bonds and other _securities, amounting to more than $850,000,000 & year. In the course of about 20 years, under this arrangement, or by 1845, the national debt will be almost entirely wiped out—except for that part of it which represents money advanced our recent war assoclates. If France Should Decline. If Francé should decline to pay her debt, the retirement of the $3,000,- 000,000 obligation as yet unfunded (that sum represents the principal only) would fall on the shéulders of American taxpayers. Such a contin- gency would mean that the taxp would have to pay $75,000,000 addi- tional Into the sinking fund, the total up to about 335 —— e —while he protested. Said Senator Heflin: 3 % “His wife bore the mint julep into his bedroom in graceful, queenly fashion, with the frost on the side of the gl & bank of sugar an inch deep at_the bottom, and three straw- berries nestling thereon llke so many §8s in a bird's nest, while the mint leaned over the rim of the gl = After describing a colloquy between the husband and wife, in which ‘the bt r insisted upon the former drink- ing the julep, Senator Heflin satd: - ““He took that mint julep glass in his hand. The amber-colored ‘liguid flowed over the velvet folds of his stomach like a dewdrop sinking into the heart of a rose.” - The ‘Senate burst into a rear of laughter, and Mr. Heflin woun'd up by saying - that he . b ‘Boraly ‘and other protestapte : e, doh "Bl P. HELM, JR. year, instead of 900,000. Under our present arrangement the Treasury puts into the sinking fund each year 2% per cent of the public debt less the amount of the principal loaned the allles. The payment, which was begun in 1920, wili auto matically retire the total in 25 years, i is estimated. If France and Italy were to make a funding arrangement, as Great Britain has done, the retire- ment of the great bulk of the out< standing debt at present unfunded would be taken care of If France—and, of course, Italy don’t pay, then we shall have to pay the principal. And, automatically, the sinking fund payments must rise Also, as the situation stands today, the records disclose. American tax- payers have been carrying a burden of '$127,000,000 & year in interest pay- ments on money that went, to- the last dollar, to the French government. For France *-3 pald no interest on the princts.: of her debt since May 15, 1819, &.# .wes the United States at the pres. - ‘ime more than $806,000,- 000 in interes: Meantime, somebody has been pav- ing the Interest on the $3,000,000,000 lent France. That somebody is the American taxpayer. Assuming that the Interest rate Is 43 per cemt, or the Liberty bond rate, American tax- payers have been paying $127,000,000 a year, or more than $10,500,000 a month. And if it becomes necessary for American taxpayers to arrange to retire the principal of the French debt, as well as pay interest on it the "burden will be increased by $75,000,000 anpuelly for sinking fund charges and rise to $202,000,000 a year. On the other hand a funding ar- rangement with France would relieve American taxpavers, from the day it becomes effective, of most of their present burden of $127,000,000 a year In interest on this. loan. Even if France paid only $ per cent interest the American taxpayer would be re- lieved almost in full of the burden for ‘any funding arrangement with France necessarily would include funding the accumulated and unpaid interest on her loan as well as the principal Interest and principal, exclusive of obligations for the purchase of war materials, run to about $3,800,000,000. Three per cent interest on that sum equals $114,000,000. That deducted trom $127,000,000 leaves $13,000,000 a year as the sum which the American taxpayers Wwould ‘have to pay under such an arrangetient. Payments by Great Brifain, That procedure, the record. _shows, was followed in the case of “Great Britain. - Jriterest and principal to- taled abaut $4.600,000,000 and Britain funded the whole. She is now paying interest on_this sum at 3 per cent and gradually retiring, the principal. Last year she paid 333,000,000 on the principal. Great Britain is peying about $161,000,000 a year under this arrangement. 'Under a similar ar- rangement, France would pay less than $135,000,000 & year. During, the years thet have elapsed since the French -government stopped paying {nterest on its debt, the Ameri- can taxpayers have pald the interest to the.éxtent of almfost $760,000,000. Obviously, the American government could mot go to holders of $3,000,000,- 000 in Liberty bonds and tell them ‘that it wouldn't pay bonds because France wasn't paying. in turn, her interest to the American government on the $3,000,000,000 lent her. Such a course would not only have its present $275,- been utterly ' idlotic—it - would have spelled financial disdster” to the Na- tion. So the interest dmithe $3,000,000~ 000 Liberty bonds covering the money lent to France was gaid—by Ameri-! ean taxpayers. ‘What would it mean to lighten the taxpayers’ burden-by that sum? Lift the tax burden to the extent of 3114« 000,000 @ year and what benefits fol- low? % y 3 The angwer can Be found in past performances. Take the 1924 income tax reduction, for instance. The Treasuzry's figures show that it amounted to about’ $142,500,000 last years»lt' was a mdterial reduction, too, ~ ‘When France funds her debt, Ameri- PR interest on their: m A