Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1925, Page 18

Only Four of Original Harding Cabinet Carry On With Coolidge Six Resignations and One Death Result in Seven'New‘Facea in Advisory Group for s «President. Coolidge opened a ‘neév wdministration today with a composit cabinet, only four of whom took the Thins under President Warren G. Hard- log. four years ago. = Within ~ that quadrennial - period 5. resigned and one- was taken by dpath, 5o that seven new faces will have eniered the officlal family of the Chief Executive. At least two, and perhaps thmee, may take their oaths today. The 1ist Is complete save for an Attorney General, a contest In the Senate hav- ing arisen over the nomination of Gharles B, Warren for that post. ~£0o Calvin Coolldge of Massachusetts, under his own right, by record vote of the American people succeeds him- self with a group of men as his cabi- nét widely varfed in talent, not of a ingle type, not picked because of personal sympathy with the Chief. Hiit representing, in his mind, the best ability to help him execute the af- fiitis of the Nation . Variety of Occupations. \American opportunity is well rapre- sented, as is the diversity,of Amerl- van life. There are two bankers, one »t whom was a graduate of Annapolls Naval Academy, and the other, one of America’s richest men; one physician, one engineer, one college president, formerly a cow-puncher; one frater- nal ofganizer, formerly am iron pud- dler; three lawyers, one of whom had heen a Senator and later an ambassa- dor to the Court of §t. Jamaes, at Lon- don; one an ambassador to Japan and (o Mexico (f Mr. Warren is confirmad); the third, = judge. and a former Sen- atar, who had besn a newspaper man. Nost of the changes in the cabinet af four years ago have occurréd with- in the Incumbency of President Cool- idge, only (wo new fa.es having en- tered the group before the adminis- tration. by sudden death, was tossed from the falling hands of Warren G Harding, August 2, 1823, in Califor- nia, to Vice President Coolidge, then an vacation at the Coolldge farm in Vermont. At least two new Secretaries take their posts today—Secretary of State Erank B. Kellogg and Secretary of Agriculture Willlam M. Jurdine. Four Held Over From 1921. The four original Harding ecabinet officers who carry over into Presi- dent Coolldge’'s own administration sye, Secretary of the Treasury An- drew W. Meéllon, Secretary of War John W. Weeks, merce Herbert C. Hoover and Secre- tary of Labor James J. Davis “The Harding cabinet began to shift ot year after it took office, the first bifeak occurring when Postmaster General Will H. Hays reésigned, ef- rjttive March 4, to take the néwly create the Motion Plcture Producers Distributors of Americ: Inc., pop- ularly :known as the ar _of the movies.” Hubert Work of Colérado hecame Postmaster General. serviog for. one year, when, Secretary of the Interior = Albert B. Fall resigning | that post, Work was shifted to the! Ipierior Department, March 4, 1923, | and Harry 8. New, former Senator from General. These posts still by the incumbents. Restgnation Atter Probe. are held | Avestigating committee concerning the r istration of oll iands by former ary of the Interior Fal it famous “Teapot Donia” #hd eventually bringing wbwat the resis. ktion of Edwin Denby, xs Secretary of tire Navy, Fébruary 18, 1824. He Wés succesded Marchi 24; 1924, b3 Cur- 118D, Wilbur of Califérn‘a; Wwho car- rie¥ his responsibliiities into, the new Coplidge regime. ?'At about tie same time further storms broke over the Department of Justice from a Senate committee in- vastigating the department. After much sensational airlig of charges and countercharges the resignation of Hirry M, Daugherty of Columbus, Qhio, as Aftorney Géneral resulted lafe In ‘March. A few ddiys' later, April 7, Harlan Fiske Storie of New York was named Attorney General and took over the Department of Tdstice. “This post, however, was vacated again when Stone was gppointed’'to be ag§ociate justice ‘of the Supreme Court of the United States. The nomi- nition of Mr. Warren of Detroit to sjicceed Stone I the Dopartment of fustice has been h#ld up on charges hat he had been assoclated with the big sugar interests of the country. Jm ne Entérs Cabinet. ’Sacretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace died Oetober 25, 1924, after a'briaf illness, and his post was filled temporarily by Assistant Secretary Gofe, who was elected Governor of { Virginia at the November elec- s. Mr. Jardine, president of the Kansas State Agricultural College, was named by Coolidge, and takes the oath today as Secretary of Agri- culture Secretary of State Charles Evans Hiughes, the only original Harding cabinet member to serve the full four rs and resign, leaves to resume the practice of law, turning over the “premiership” of the cabinet to Mr. Kellogg of Minnesota, who within the t week raturned from England, héfe hé was Ambassador to the Gourt of St. James Mas Personal Insight. “rhe new Sécretary of State, coming aifect from the ambassadorship at London, brings to this important post a fresh personal insight into the problems which contront Europe and the world. Having served in the Sen- #te prior to that time Seeretary Kell- ofg also his obtained a grasp of na- tfanal affafrs, which add materially to 14 capacity for the post. SThe Secretary of State is 88 years old. having been born in Potsdam, N: Y., moving to Minnesota -when Yéung, and educating himself for the 1a%. He was successively city and cquinty attorney in Minnesota, special céunsel for the United States in the Government's case against the paper dYfd Standard Ofl trusts, and speclal cpuncll for the Interstate Commerce Commission in the investigation ‘of thé Harriman raliroads. He served as Senator from Minnesota from 1917 10,1923, and was Ambassador to Great Rfijain from December, 1923, until he résigned to become Secretary of Sfate. Gave Up Vast Enterprise. sSecretary of the Treasur: oontinues from the Harding adminis- tration, -after making a record for himself in handling the finances of the Nation in fts trylng post-war pe- rod.. Sixty-nine years old, Secretary Mallon was born in Pittsburgh, was #¥aduated from the Western Univer- wity of Penasylvaria; mow the Uni- versity of Pittaburgh, and engaged in banking. When assuming his port- tollo under President Harding, Mr. Méilon resigned as president of the Méllon National Bank of Pittsburgh aBa as executive or director of ‘vari- oijs financial and industrial corpora~ tlons, in which be is largely inter- exted. Mr. Mellon founded the town of Donora, Pa., and established steel ills there. He was long associated With the late Henry C. Frick In the @bvelopment of coal, ‘coke and fron eiiterprises, ‘and s reputed to be one of the wealthiest men in thé United Stdtes. Secretary of 'War John W, Waeks, aother original Harding cabinet off- A Secretary of Com- | d position of president of | and | Indiana, was made Postmaster | | to | iater. Sforms broke out'in & congressional | resulting | scondal, | Presidenit. ‘ial carrylng over inte the Coolidge -egime, i3 & banker and broker, of the dirm of Hornblower & Weeks, Boston, and former member of the Housé and enate. He is 64 years old, was born In Lancaster, N. H.; graduated from Annapolis Naval Academy fn 1881, served in the Navy until 1883, in the Massachusetts . Naval Brigads - 10 yaars, and in the Volunteer Navy dur ing the Spanish-American War. was eleoted to the House from M sachusétts for the period from 1907 te 1913, and to the Senate from 1917 to 191¢ Warren Experience Vast. Charles Beechér' Warren, who ha¢ been nominated to bs' Attorney ‘Gen- eral, has been proMinent in the diplo- matie service of his country, and was chalrman of the platform committee st the last Républican convention He 1s 64 years old, a native of Bay City, Mich., and graduate. of the law school of the University of Michigan. Having représented the United Statés in international cases beforé the Joint High Commission and The Hagua Tribunal, hé was appointed Ambassador to Japan, 1921 to 1923. Afler heading the bigh commission to Mexico to negotiate terms for re- sumption of diplomatic relations, he was made the first Ambassadot there- after, resigning in August, 1924, Postmaster Genéral Harry S. New succesds himseif in that position to- dey, and is the only member of the Cabinet who was formerly active in Journalism. Born in Indlanapolis, Ind., he is 86 years of age, and prior to his entry into pelitics and the pubilc service was connscted with the Indianapolls Journal as reporter, edi- tor and part owner. He was chair- man of the Republican national com- mittes, 1907-1908, was Senator from Indiana, 1916 to 1923, and ‘was named Postmaster General in March 1933. Wilhar Annapélis Graduate. The Secretary of the Navy, Curtis D. Wilbur, afthough a lawyer by pro- fenslon and_appoifited to the port- folio from the bench, is & graduate of (he Annapoils Naval Academy, 1888 Ha Is & native of lowa, and 57 years | of age. At the tims of his appoint- | ment he was chief justice of the | Calitornta Supreme Court. He organ- ized the Juvenile Court of Los An- | geles and drafted several juvenile court laws of Californta. The physician in the President's Cabinet is Dr. Hubert Work, Secre- tary of the Interior, who first entered the Cabinet as Postmaster General He was born in Indlana County, Pa. and graduated at the University of Michigan with his M. D. degree, but | began the practice of medicine in Colorado, from which State he ross o national prominence as president of the American Médlcal Associgtion, 1921-1922, and Republican national | committesman trom Coforado. During fhe World War hé rosé (6 the rank of fieutenant colonol, Marine Corps, and supervised the medical féatures of the draft. Hé was appointed First Assistant Podtmastér General April | . rafsed to Postmaster Ceneral 1922, and was transterred Interlor Department a year in the Jardine Is Youngest. | The youngest member of the Cab- inst 1s Willlam M. Jardine, Secrstary of Agriculture, age 48, ‘agronomist.” | who had lived and worked qA rancheés fn Idahe and Montana, part of the tirhe as a eow-punchier, until 20 years of age. . He gradusted first from the Agriculturat College of Utah. ' From 1907 to 1910 hé was with ‘the De- partment of -Agriculture, as assistant United States cersallst in charge of dry land grain investigation: in July of 1910 became connected witl the Kansas Stats Agricuiturat Col- lege, in which he rosé to the position of president, 1918. H has béen grant- #d leave qf absence from -this post to serve in the Cabinet He was born in Onelds County, Idaho. Herbert C. Hoover of California and the world, who took over the Departmeént of Commerce under Pres- idént Harding and ralsed it high in importance to the Nation, continues in the Coolldge = Cabinet. Only 50 years of age, Hoover was a world figure before mentioned for the Cabi- net, having been engaged in mining and industrial engineéring projects in this country, Mexico, Canada, Aus- tralia, Ttaly, Great Britain, South Af- rica, India, China, Russia and else- | where. He wase probably best known to the public'ay the time of his ap. polniment, four years ago. from his activities in food supply regulation abroad ard in this rountry, where he was United States Food Administra- Béorn at West Branch, Towa, he was graduated by Stanford Un v, 1895, Among his activities during the war were those as chalrman of the United States Grain Corporation, United States Sugar - Equalization Board, Interallied Food Council, Su- préme Ecomomic Council and Euro- pean Coal Council. He. has been awarded gold medals by many Amer- ican and foreign univeérsities and so- cleties. James J. Davis, “the iron puddier,” Secretary of Labor, who also served the last four years. is one of the pie- turesque figures of the Coolidge Cabi- net. He came to this eountry frem Wales, where he was born 51 years ago, and worked his way up the ladder of success as a steel worker in Sharon, Pa.; Pittsburgh, Pa; El- wood, Ind., a5 a county officer in that State, and as fraternal organizer of the Loyal Order of Moose, of which he is now director general. FHe is president of the American Bond and Mortgage Company and a member of the Amalgamated’ Association. of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers of. America. Name. George Washington. John Adams ........ Thomas Jeffe .James Madison . ames Monroe John Quincy Adams .Andrew Jackson .... .Martin Van Buren, .. Wiiliam H. Harrison .John Tyler . _James Knox fo ..Zachary Tay’ .Millard Filim.. .Franklin Plerce . .James Buchanan .Abraham Lincoln ..Andrew Johnson .Ulyases 8impson 'G: “ .Rutherford B. Hayes... .James Abram Garfield. ..Chester Alan Arthur. .Groyer Cleveiand .. ..Benjamin Harrison . ..Grover Cleveland .. Willfam MeKinley 26..Theodore Roosevelt 27. . William H. Taft. 28., Woodrow Wilson 39. . Warren G. Harding. 30..Calvin Coolldge . .. 22 23 24 25 appointed Chief Justice ‘of t by President Harding on June 30, CHARLES B.WARREN Attdrm.y General JARDINE YOUNGEST CABINET MEMBER New Agriculture Secretary Has-Had Long and Varied Career in Farm Work. By the Associated Press. William M. Jardine, the néw Sécre- tary of Agriculture, enters the Cool- idgé cabinet as its youngest mémber, but with an extensive experience In rural affairs dating back & quarter of & century, to when he wis & cow puncher in the big hole basin of Montana - As Secretary he wlll have the ad- vintageé of & previous conmection with the department. “Tn 1908 he joined for a time Secrétary Wilsen's staff as_ aséistant cersalist in charge of graln_work fn the Westérn half of the country. Beeame Range Rider. Born on an Jdaho ranch im 1879, Mr. Jardine became a rangée Tider soon after his 15th birthday and since that timé has been assoclated with ranching and farming in many ca- pacities. He left the presidency of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- legé to become a member of the cab- inet. When appointed Secretary he aise was a member of the Presi- dent's agrieultural conference He obtained his first collegiate training at Utah Agrioultural College, where, in his senior year, he was an assistant instructor in the agricul tural départmeny. The following year he resignéd that position to be- come manager of a land development company, but in 1903 he returned to the coliege as head of its agricultural departmeént. In 1910 fie becams head of agronomy wWork of the Kansas\Agricultural Col- lége, and was elevated to the posi- tion of dean of agriculture of the schodl in 1913. Tn that capacity he was director of the State agricultural experiment station. He was elected president of the sehool In 1918, Has Had Long Kxperfémee. During the World War Mr. Jardine was placed in charge of agricultural production in Kansas and his éfforts were given national recognition. He has held many other officfal positions with an agricultural aspéct. He was agricultural adviser to the American Bankers' Assoclation and has sérved as president of the International Farm Congress and of the American Society of Agronomists. Shortly be- fore he camé to Washington as a member of the agrieultural confer- énce hé was appointéd by the Govs érnor of Kansas to Investigaté the use of electricity on farms in that State. He long has been a lecturer and writer on agricultural subjects. Mr. Jardine came into prominence last year through his opposition to the McNary-Haugen bill and to any artificial stimulation of agriculture. Thé proposal of the agricultural eon ference for creation of a Fedéral co- operating marketing board is creditéd to him. He may be sald to qualify 45 a “dirt farmer,” for he owns and operates & farm in Kansas and an- othér in ldaho. Presidents of the United States. In- Age. . augu- - at rated. Inaug. 1789 57 1997 61 1817 1825 1829 1837 1841 1841 1845 1849 1850 1908 June 1901 Sept. 1919 Jan. 1 2 1923 Aug. The only living ex-President is William Howard Taft. who was Supreme Court of the United States 1921 | | | VNORRWOOO & UNDER WOO O FrRANK B Secretery URTIS D.WILBUR Secretary ot the Navy WILLIAM M. JARDINE °JOHN W. WEEKS .KELLoG of State [AMES DAVIS Secretary of Asriculturt Secretary of Labor The Coolidge Cabinet Frank B. Kellogg Andrew W.-Mellon.. John W. Weaks. . Charles B. Warren.. Harry 8. New... Curtis D. Wilbur. Dr. Hubert Work... Willlam M. Jardine Herbert C. Hoover. Jamés J. Davis.. Secretary Secretd Secretary Brig. Gen. Charles G. Dawes, a Viea President of the United State will not attend the President's cabinet sessions, as did Calvin Coolidge when he was Vice President. Very shortly after the smoke of the 1ast national election had cleared away, and the Prestdent was be- ginning to give thought to the com- ing administration, he wrote Gen. Dawes to the effect that he would feel honored to have him occupy a seat at the cabinét table when he asumed the office of Vice President, but after thinking' the matter over, Gen. Dawes declined the invitation. Hé made it very oclear that thére was nothing perssnal in his non- sccéptance. Aftermath of ON. While not makihg hix reasons definité, the Vice President-elect intimated that it would be better for him, as the presiding officer of the Senste, to confine his activities to that énd of Pennsylvania avenue, and not to be a part of the executive counctls held bi-weekly at the White House. Without saying 80 in that many words, it was generally under- stecd that Gen. Daweés wished to svoid the experience of President Coolidge, who wase criticized during the Teapot Dome oil investigation as having béen present during the cabinst sessions when = President Harding and his sdvisors were dis- cussing the leasing of naval ofl re- servesw While the implications dur- ing this investigation were confined mainly to scare headlines in some newspapers, and caused President tle personal damiug fact that bhe could have béen saved con- stdersble annoyance and ém- barrassment If Ne had been at all times sitting quietly and serenely in the chambers of the Senate or in the ofMos of the Vice Presiden The mat! 2 Vice President at- tending cabinet sessions is, however, looked upon generally in most quar- ters as being both heipful to the President and his cabinet as well as the Senate and the country at large. It was thought 16 be a splendid idea when President Hard immediate- ly upon assuming office, invited Vice President Coolidge to sit in on the méstings. This, was an innovation and met with instant approval on all sides. Vice President Coolidge said_shortly after succeeding President Harding ...Attorney General. Postmaster General. Secretary of the Interior. Secretary of Agriculty .Secretary of Commerce. ..8ecretary of Labor The Harding Cabinet ..Secratary of State..Charles Evans Hughes ...Andrew W. Mellon .John W. Weéeks .Harry M. Daugherty .. Will H. Hays Zdwin Denby ...Albert B. Fall Henry C. Wallace Hoover J. Davis of Treasury v of War. . of the Navy. HAPPY UNDERSTANDING IS SEEN BETWEEN COOLIDGE AND DAWES | Disinclination of Vice P¥esident to Sit in Cabinet Se: sions Will Not Prove Barrier to Thorough Co-operation, Observers Declare. | that it was due to hie atiending the cabinet sessions that he hécame ae- quainted with the departmental rou- tine. and because of his edueation at these sessions he had Mttle difficulty in familiarizing himself with the thousand and one departmental rou- tine détai's when he took up the bur- den laid down by his predecessor.- He also_had a better understanding of what the administration was en- ter of legisiation, all of which served him to'a good purpose while pre- siding over the sessions of the Sen ate. And. despite the Teapot Dome incident, President Coolldge- is rep- résented by intimate frien today as atill believing that the attendanoe of the Vice President at the cabinet meetings has its good peints. Those -who know the two men well feel very sure that although Gen. Dawes may not attend the cabinet sessions that they will very quickly Mt upon a most happy working agreement. There will not be that great indifference and lack of under- standing which has been #0 apparent during former administrations, when the President and the Vice President saw very littls of each other and had very little in common. VISITORS A;‘E INVITED. President’s Own Garrison to Wel come Comrades in City. Visitors In the city for inaugural week are invited to attend the Mareh § mustér of the President’s Own Garri- son, No. 104, the Army and Navy Union, U. 8. A., if they are comrad in gopd standing in garrisons - and naval branches. The Président’'s Own meets tom row night at 8 o'clock in G. A. R, Hall, 1413 Pennsylvania avenue. Thi garrison has had several Presidents in its membership from McKinley to ‘Harding. First Inauguration in Capital. Jefferson was the first Prasident to be inaugurated in the city of Wash- ington. The first inaugural ceremony was in the Federal Building at New York and the next two in Philadel- phia. . The Capital was removed from Philadelphis_to Washington during the term of John Adams, deavoring to accomplish In the mat- ! Secretary of Wor | | | HARRI(S § EWiNG HAR}.Y S.NEW Post master General Kellogg Second From West ~Té Be Secretary’ of State Native of New York, Moved to Minnesota When 9 Years Old—Caréer Reads Like Fiction. By the Associated Press. cond time in all the his- Nation a man who hatls from west of the Missisaippl has béen named for Seeretary of State. He is Frank B. Kellogg of Minnesota, chosen to succeed Charles E. Hughes upon his retirement at noon teday. William Jerinings Bryan was the only other Seeretary (o come from weést of the great river. But Mr. Kellogh might be called = transplanted Easterner. He was born In New York State, went to Minne- sota &t the age of 5 grew up on a farm, began law work at $150 & year, and then ascended in his pro- fession until he became special coun- sel for the Government in the Stan- dard Oil and other trust cases, mem- ber of the United States Senate, and Ambassador to Gréat Britain. AL this he did_without the benefit of a col- lege éducation. Mr. Kellogg's first public serviee was & city attorney of Rochester, Minn., followed by a five-year périod as county attorney of Olmsted Coun ty. In the course of time he at: tracted the attention of the late Sena- tor Cushman K. Davis. As a resuit the law firm of Davis, Kellogg & Severance, of which Mr. Ksilogg #till_is the head, came Into heing in St. Paul. Called “Trast Buster.” firm in 1887, Mr. Kellogg retired from On his entry inte the St. Paul law | that. capacity he earned for himself the title of “trust buster.” leading the Govarnment's legal forces in the fight, first against the paper trust, then for the dissolution of the Seuthern Pacific-Unlon Pacific combination, and finally against.the Standard Oil Co. His success with these cases landed him in the United Staies Senate in 1917, and In his six years' serviee ha pluyed an fraportant part in the fram- ing of raliroad legislation and worked for ratification of the- treaty of Ver- sailles, standing with the mild reser- vation group of his party. Detented by Shipstead. In. the. sepatorial campaign of 1922 Senator La Follette stumped Minne- s0la in_opposition to. Kellogg's re- elaction, and he was beaten by Hen- rik Shipstead,.the Farm-Labor mom- nee. Meanwhile , President Harding's death had moved the presiding officer 6f the Sinete infd the Whife House. Mr: KeMogi and Mr. Coolidge had formed & close friendship, and when George Harvay resigned as Ambassador to London, Mr. Kellogg was selected his successor. During his servics of a littls more than a year in ‘the British capital Mr Kellogg: ved 4n important role during the London conferencé on rep- arations, and ‘more recently at the Paris corference, convenad to allet the Dawes' plan annufties. His sig- nature o the agreement growing out of -this conference 1ed 1o an expl volitical life, but his connection with rafiroad litigation led to his selec- prosecutor in anti-trust cases. In Public Career Quits Cabinet A By the Associatsd Pross When respoasibility for tha con- duct of the Nation's forsigm affairs shifts to mew shoulders tomorrow with the retirement of Secretary Charles E. Hughes, the transfer will mark the énd of 2 crowdsd chapter in the history of American diplomacy. Four years ago, when he took ovar the post from which he now retires to private life, Mr. Hughes found the HERBERTC. HOoOVER. Secreta r‘zu of Commerce DLRNGEO & UNDLEmOOP SANDERS GETS POST BY “TRICK OFFATE" | Loses Vice Presidency Nomi- natian, Then Becomes Sec- ‘retary to President. By the Associated Preas. The unexpected twist time often works finds Everett Sanders of Terre Haute, Ind, taking up today the duties of secretary to President Cool- 1dgs at a time when, but for a trick of fate, he might have been entering upon the office of Vice President. When Mr. Sandérs’ name was brought forward at the Cleveland convention as vice presidential can- dldate, 4t was generally understood his’ chdice would have met with the whole-hearted approval of Mr. Coal- idge and of most of the convention, had not the Indiana delegation itself blooked the way by clinging de- terminedly to the candidacy of Sen- ator Watson. Now Mr. Sanders takes & place measurably nearer the con- duct: of administration affairs than is the vice presidency. Schooled on Capitol HYIL The new secretary, like his prede- cesgor, C. Bascom Slemp, enters the White House offices after a thorough schooling on Capitol Hill. As.a Rep- resentative from the fifth Indiana district for eight years he adhered closely to Republican leadership and retires from his congressional actlv- ities holding high positions on the Republican _steering committes and the House commerce committee. Mr. Sanders was considered also ons of the best parliamentarians in the majority party's membership and frequently was called upon by Speak- er Gillétt to preside over the House in his absénce. Among many pieces of legisiation in which he has been Interested, Mr. Sanders perhaps worked harder for the Esch-Cum- mings transportation act than any other. Railroad legisiation in gen- eral always interested him and he was recognized by his colleagues as among the best informed House mem- bers on this subject. He was not a candidate for re-election to the neéw Congress, having decided to forsake rnbllc life to resume the practice of aw. Native of I 3 Mr. Sanders was born in a lo cabin near Coalmont, Ind., March 4. 1882. His- father was a minister whose smail salary would not permit him to afferd the boy a college edu- cation, but thre¢ years as a sshool teach: a farm laborer and a dlerk in a shoe store, enabled him to at- ténd the Indiana State Normal School, where he supplemented ,his meager capital by working In the sohool M- brary and soliciting members for his college boarding club. In 1903 he married Miss Ella Neal and a year later entered the Uni- country still in a technical state of war with Germany. The pesce nego- tiations- had brought bitter contro- versies and tangied relationships. In the Far East thers was réason for anxiety over American relations, and on the southern border Mexico stood still Involved in internal turmeil ana unrecognized by the United States. Since then mors than threescore freaties and international agreements have been negotiated, ranging from the group that grew out of the arms conference 1o such routine mattérs as copyright and extradition pacts. 1In all this Mr. Hughes found himself be- set by stant dificultios inherited frota the League of Natlons battle. To the last fmportant aet 6f his ten- ure of office, participation in the Paris reparations agresment. the aftermath of the league struggle pur- sued him. Arms Parley Steod Omt. Beyond question, the outstanding diplomatic achievement of the Hughés administration was the Washington arms conference, which produced not only the naval agreements, but also struck at the hovering clouds of sus- picion and distrust in the Far East It s difficult to rate the others, but they included the ce treaty with Germany and the subsequent com- mercial treaty with that country; diplomatic recognition ef the Obregon government In Mexico; liquor treatids with varfous maritime countries in'a new attempt to stamp out rum-rum- ning: agreements with mandate pow- ora to insure equality of epportunity for American enterprises in the terri- tories involved; initiation of an arbi- tration between Chile and Peru over Tacna and Arica, and the bringing to- gother of the Céntral American pow- ters behind 2 group of treaties de- signed to fostér ordersd stability. On one point Mr. Hughes stood like a rock throughout his administration. That was on ths question of recogni- tion of ths Soviet regime in Russia. From first to last he rafused abso lutely to have any official correspond-' ence or dealings with it. HAS HELD MANY OFFICES. Mr. Hughes’ Retirement Completes Notable Achievements. A public caréer distinguished by notable achievements in the fleld of international relations, a career dur- ing which he lacked but a few votes of becoming President of the United States, ended today when Charles Evans Hughes, Secretary of State for the past four years, resigned that high office, turning over the port- folio to Frank B. Kellogg of Minne- sota, recént American Ambassador to the Court of St. Jame: Notable success in an inquiry into the management of New York gas and insurapcs companies first turned the thoughts of Mr. Hughes to a po- litical career. Defeated by Woodrow Wilson. in a close election .in- 1918, Mr. Hughes returned to private life and the practice of law. Meanwh the ability he had displayed in the &oolidge Follows Same Ceremony as Washington Used Kisses Bible and Swears President Coolidge took the oath of office today with exactly the same sim- ple formality that George Washington took it on that momentous first inaugu- ration 136 years s¥o in the oid Federal Building in New York City. Perhiaps, unnoticed to the crowds east of the Capitol teday, Mr. Coolidge’s voice trembied as muech as that of the first President did when he swore to the oath, pronounced as follows by Chancellor Livingston, grand master of Masons in New York : “Do you solemnly swear that versity of Indiana, from which he was graduated In 1907 with the de- #ree of LL. B. In his senior yéar at the university he was captain of the 7 k up the practice of law in Terre te shortly after leaving school. He was elected to the Sixty-fifth Congress, being the first: Repudblican chosen from that district for several years. His serv- ice in Congress has beem oontiinu: up to the presemt time. you will faithfuily execute the office .of President of the United States, and will, 1o the best of your ability, preserve, pro- tect and defend the Constitution of the United States?” Just as Washington bent and kissed the open Bibie heid by chancelior, and " reputedly murmured “I swear, so help me God,” _Calvin- -Coolidge today concluded this most impressive and sim- ple rite by kissing. the Bible and swear- ing, with God's help, that he wowid be faithful to ais trust. tion by President Roosevalt as speciaf | ston 4n the Senate which has net yet subsided:" Mr. Kellogg passed his 65th birthday last December 22 f Secretary Hughes Retirement Ends Filled With Honors fter Lengthy Service, Which Saw Him Occupying Offices Among Highest in Gift of Nation. | Insurance investigation won for:him 4 _réputation as ona of the most ‘able American jurists of -his generation | With a foundation such as this, | President Harding appointed Mr. Hughes, 2 close personal friend, Sse- Tetary of State Mr. Hughes taking ofice on Mareh 4, 1921 | Called Disarmament ¢ emce. Following close. the campaign | pledges of the Republican party; | President Marding and his premier, Mr. Hughes, called. In 1921, the world colenencr on limitatieon of arma- mént. which tesylted in an interna- tional Agreement for restrictions on | the construction of battleships, use {of gas In warfare and other funda- mentals aimed at lightening the bur- dens of taxation of the world and at the same time lesséning the chance of war, which for years previously had kept the nations of the world in | armed cénfijct In the forefront of national affaire s represented ai 4he armament limi- tation econference, Mr. Hughes re- sponded to the urgency of a call for closer relations with the nations on the continent south of the United States and took the lead in measures désigned (o promote Latin American and South American contacts with this country. He leaves hig post to- day with a record of achievement in internationsl affairs which assures him a place ajong with.some of his €quaily notable predecessors in office. _Twenty years aga when Charles Evans Hughes took up the work of investigating a tfust in New York he was_ Iittle more than a local figure. Today not an American lives whe Goeg not know of the distinguished fawyer who 1ok up the portfolio of the Secretary of State to.carry on the work 80 ably promoted by Root. and Knox. In those 20 years Mr Hughes has been twice Governor of New York State, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States for six years, a nominee of the Republican party for the predidency and finally Secretary of State In the Harding and Coolidge administra- tions. Ofice Songht Him. Through the varied career which has carried him to the threshold ef the highest office this Nation can ofter, ‘ths office has consistently sought Mr. _Hughes — never Mr Hughes the office. He had given the people of New York cheaper gas and insurance ratés and they made him Sovernor, ‘Just befora that an effort was made to make him mavor of New York City, but he declined to run. In 1910 President Taft appointéd him an associate justide of the Suprems Court ‘of the United States, taking him from the office of the governor at Albany. When the presidential nomi- nation‘came to him in 1916, many of his close friends Insisted that he pre- farred to remain on ‘the Supreme Court bench. He accepted only be- cause he thought it his duty. And in that campaign he lacked but a few votes of hecoming'the twenty-seventh President. g Mr. Hughes was born April 11, 1862, at Glens Falts, N. Y., the son of a Baptist minister. The family meoved to Newark, N. J., while Mr. Hughes was still 2 youth and he received his publie school ecucation in that city. Mr. Hughes entéred Colgate Univer- sity at ‘the “age of 14 years, re- maining there two years and then nt to Brown. University, graduai- ing in 1851 when hé was 19 years old He disappointed Ms parents when he turned from the ministry to the prac- tice of law, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1384, beginning his legdl activities in New York the same ar. In 1838 he married Antoinette Carter, daughter of W. S. Carter, senior mémber of the law firm with which ' he was associated and' later bécamé a meniber of the firm under the name of Carter, Hughes & Dwight. COOLIDGE EULOGIZED BY BRITISH EDITOR Ry the Associated Prévk LONDON, March 4. —The Times to- day gives oyer. considerable space (o cabled details of the inauguration program in Washington and to eulo- sistic biographical sketch of Presi- dent_Coolidge. Editorially the paper says:. “It .is indeed significant that the. man now elected as its head by & nation so eagerly gonsclous of its rowing power strongly and repe: edly emphaaizes the idea of disarma ment. “Under Mr. Coplidge's leadership that power will_surely_be used as a factor of peace Featiires of First Inauguration. One of the features of Washing- ton's*first inauguratfon was a church rvice, conductéd immediately alter the swearing-in ceremony. The Sen- ate chaplain officjated. Prayers were offered for the new President and “Pe Deum™ was sung. i