Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1925, Page 1

WEATHER (U. S. Weather Bureau Forecast.) Fair tonight and tom much change in temperature; orrow; not mini- mum temperature tonight about 31 degrees. Temperature- Highest, 40, at noon today; lowest, 28, at 1 a.m. today. Closing N. Y. Stocks and Bonds, Page 28 Entered as secol post_office, No. 29,527. nd class matter Washington, D. C. he WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, WITH SUNDAY MORNING EDITION Foening Star. 1925—FORTY-FOUR PAGES. every city bl tion is delive as fast as th, Yesterday’s “From Press to Home Within the Hour” The Star's carrier system covers lock and the regular edi- red to Washington homes e papers are printed. Circulation, 111,909 TWO CENTS. COOLIDGE TAKES OATH, PLEDGING PROSPERITY MILLIONS HEAR SIMPLE VOW SWORN BY PRESIDENT IN BRIEF CEREMONY; SPEECH RENEWS ECONOMY PROMISE Radio Carries Erief, Idealistic, Confident Message to All Corners of Nation. PLEAS FOR WORLD COURT ENTRY AND NEW ARMS CUT ALSO MADE Thousands Masse(i in Front of Capitol Witness Rites Made Impressive by Note of Dignit Calvin Coolidge became Pre his own right today. Before the greatest audience tive assume the responsibilities sident of the United States in that ever heard a Chief Execu- of office, he repeated from a public rostrum this afternoon the same pledge he took in the plain little room of his father’s New England farmhouse on that fateful August morning, nearly two years ago, when death cast the single ballot that made him President in an hour of national sorrow. Then. by the dim light of an oil lamp, he recited the Presi- dent’s oath with only the members of his family as witnesses. His father solemnly swore him in while his hand rested upon the treasured family Bible and his mind raced across the conti- nent to the scene of the tragedy head a few hours before. MILLIONS HEAR PLEDGE ON that had overtaken the Nation’s RADIO. But today he came into office in his own right, elected President by the greatest plura lity this Nation ever gave any man. Thousands stood before the east front of the Capitol and acclaimed his victory, and 25,000,000 more, tuning in by radio from every part of the country. , listened eagerly to his words as he made the same simple vow that Washington and Lincoln had accepted before him: : “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United State There was little more to the inaugural services. Unosten- tatious as the character of the man himself, the ceremonies with which he was formally inducted into office were almost severely simple, all suggestion of pomp and panoply having been vetoed: the President himself. program was strikingly impres by But by its very simplicity the entire sive and- entirely befitting the administration he has established. SPEECH 1S BRIEF AND IDEALISTIC. Strangely fitting such a scene was the frank idealism of Mr. Coolidge’s economy in Government at ho inaugural address, his first pronouncement as Presi- dent by mandate of the electorate. It was a plain appeal for me and peace abroad through mutual understandings with the nations of the world—and a fear- less prediction of prosperity for the future. Committing his administration to work for a reduction of taxes, the President declared he favored a policy of economy “not because I wish to save money, but because I wish to save people.” In unmistakable language he indicated his desire for still further limitation of armaments and declared he would sup- port American adherence to the Thousands Present at Ceremony. However hara those in charge of the inaugural ceremony may have tried to keep the program within the| hounds of the most modest simplicity, | restraint could stay the enthu- siasm with which the throngs hailed | their new chief. Solid banks of hu- manity radiated from the east steps| of the Capitol as far in every direc- tion as modern invention could throw the human voice, and there were thou- | sands more who were content to see | from a distance, even though they | could not hear. | The President stood upon a raised platform in the center of the official congresaional stand. He was at- tended by Vice President Dawes, Who had taken his oath of office a short time before in the Senate chamber. Nearby twere Mrs. Coolidge, Mrs. Dawes, members of the President’s family and the cabinet. Seated else- | Where in the huge stand were more than 8,000 men and women represent- | ing. the official life of the Federal Government and the several States. | Taft Admimisters Oath. | Chief Justice Taft administered the | eath of office, and it marked the first time a former President ever swore | in a new administration in this coun- As President. Coolidge slowly re- peated the few words of that pledge his right hand opce more restcd upon the same Bible that had served the same Important purpose upon the oc- casion of his hurried induction back in August, 1923. Seldom in recent auguration ceremony been favored with more auspicious weather. A warm sun tempered the chill air of sarly morning and southerly zephyrs shook out lazily the bright flags and banners that topped public buildings or banked the sides of the line of march. Nature seemed to be vieing with the inaugural committee in en- deavoring to make today’s inaugura- tion one long to be remembered. ears has an in- World_Court. ing beckoned him out-of-doors while other occupants of the White House were yet bestirring themselves in thelr rooms he walked to the stands in front of the Executive Man- sfon, and spent more than half an hour inspecting them. Two secret service men accompanied him. His interest in these stands ap- peared to swerve him from his | original intention of strolling down | Pennsylvania avenue east of the Treasury. Although he made no com- ment. the President seemed eminently satisfied with the seating arrange- ana | DAMES, SHORNIN, LAUNCHES ATIACK ON SENATE RULES {Amazes Members by Opening | | | Drive Against Unlimited | | Debate Regulation. {NEW SENATE CALLED | Vice President’s Remarks Concern-; | ing Need for Reforms in Procedure Find Considerable Support. | Vice President Charles G. Dawes | took the oath of office in the Scnate chamber today just before the final adjournment of the Sixty-eighth Congress, and the new Senate of the ixty-ninth Congress was imme- diately convened in special session. In his inaugural address Vice President Dawes, in characteristic vigor, launched an attack on the Senate rules, which make it impos- sible at times for that body to func- tion. Scarcely had he finished taking the oath of office in the Senate chamber when the Vice President waded into the rule permitting un- limited debate. The country, he said, demanded a change in this rule, which now enables a Senator or group of Senators to prevent leg- islation desired by the people and by a majority of the Senate itself. He urged the Senators to give the matter their earnest consideration. Senntors Amazed by Speed. Vice President Dawes’ address was particularly pointed because the old Congress had just adjourned without acting upon a long list of important measures, due in part to filibustering tactics in the Senate. Senators who have guarded for years the privilege of unlimited de- bate listened with amazement to Mr.! Dawes’ attack upon this cherished rule. It was noticeable that the Viece President’s strictures on the Senate rules drew loud applause from the galleries, but that the Senate itself took lfttle part in this applause. There are members of the Senate, however, | who heartily agree with the new Vice President d who will give him sup- port in his efforts to institute a re- form o that legislation can be handled more efficiently. The House of Representatives, ad- journing shortly before nono today, proceeded with formality to the Sen- ate chamber, where, in the presence of the President of the United States, both houses of Congress, the Supreme Court, the diplomatic corps ard high officials of the Government, Vice President Charles G. Dawes took the oath of office, administered by Sena- tor Cummins of Iowa, President pro tempore. House Members Late. Owing to the fact that the members of the House were late in arriving at the chamber, all of which necess!- tated a delay in the entry of the Su- preme Court, members of the diplo- matic corps and others, it was neces- sary three times to set the Senate clock back so that it would not be 12 o'clock officially, the hour when the Senate must adjourn. When President pro tempore Cummins an- nounced finally “It is now 12 o'clock™ laughter rose from the entire as- semblage and he was forced to rap for order. When Vice President Dawes ntered | the chamber there was Vigorous ap- “(Continued on Page 2, Column 1) March 3. New and hitherto sylvasia avem promptly mailed. The smiling skies that greeted the President as he arose at his cu tomary hour of 6:30 o'clock this morn- Inaug‘ural Editions The Enening Stas . 4,and 5 Mailed, postage prcpaid. 10c i (Anywhere in the United States and Canada.) In addition to all the current news in,each issue, today's edition contains a special rotogravure sectiori of the inaugura- tion ceremonies from the first President to the present day. Pictures of the various brilliant processions, the Presidents taking the oath at the Capitol, and special nected with historic Inaugurations. unpublished President, the Vice President and their wiv Send list of names and 10 cents for each) to Star Office, Eleventh street and Pemn- d the three inaugural issmes will be ““(Continuea on Pags 3, Column incidents con- photographs of the resses (accompanied by IN SPECIAL SESSION | THOUSANDS WATCH COLORFUL PARADE PASSING INREVIEW Impressive Array of Uniform- ed Forces Sweeps Down Avenue in Martial Order. OLD SPLENDOR MISSING AT WISH OF PRESIDENT | Throngs Make Up for Lack of Color in Setting With Spon- taneous Fervor. Down historic Pennsylvania ave- nue marched today once more a military pageant to herald the in- auguration of a new national ad- ministration, and, passing in review before cheering crowds, saluted America’s thirtieth President and his suite. Banked many deep along the flag- decked thoroughfare that tradition has made the way of the Presidents, doughty throngs brought back to Washington the quickening surge of nervous enthusiasm that has be- come an inseparable part of the ceremonies with which the people dedicate the passing of each four- Vear milestone in the life of the Republic. Undaunted by the President’s own demand that his inauguration should be a model of simplicity and econ- omy, gatherings thousands, drawn from the four corners of the Nation, supplied in zealous excitement ali that the program today may have lacked in pompous panoply. They made their own pageantry 50,000 Visitors Here. It was not the largest throng that has ever witnessed an inauguration here. When the final figures are tabu- lated probably the number of visitors jfrom distant parts of the country will not approach 50.000. To these, however, might be added most of the population of the Natlonal Capital. But whatever the crowds may have lacked in record- breaking numbers they made up in spontaneous fervor. Neither was the setting equal to the glittering decorations of old. No gayly decorated stands, walled high with pulsating humanity, filled the wide sidewalks of Pennsylvania ave- nue. Only a few private stands erect- ed for employes of various Govern- ment departments and one public stand, with an estimated capacity of 4,000 seats, stood where dozens were bullt in past years. Decorati Simple. Nor could the building decorations quite compare with the splendor of the “good old days.” A few structures {on Pennsylvania avenue even remain- ed unadorned altogether. Most of them, however, were draped with bunting or boasted fluttering flags. And there was color enough to have told the least informed visitor that a festival of more than passing im- portance was about to take place along the famous avenue. As a whole, as President Coolidge had wished it to be—a scene thoroughly fitting the dignified occasion for the formal in- duction of a new administration, but Without unnecessary display or ex- pensive preparation. And strangely enough, the crowds seemed not to notice the lack of extravagance in color and pomp as they wal in anxious anticipation for the parade to pass in review. Unlike Harding Insugural. Eight years have Washington has seen blance of a real inaugural ival. Four years ago President Harding merely rode to and from the Capitol with a small military escort. ~Sev- eral times he even raised his hand to silence the cheers of the crowd as he passed out of deference to the broken man who rode with him and whom he was about to succeed as the Chief Executive of the Natlon But all of the enthuslasm and ten- sion of old was present once more today. The crowds assemb'ed early to watch the President and his party make their traditional journey to the Capitol, where svery President since Thomas Jefferson has taken the oath of office. Already the newly inau- gurated leaders have returned to the White House and the long-awaited parade iy swinging around the Peace Monument into Pennsylvania avenue. Requires Less Than Hour. President Coolidge's inaugural pa- rade will not go down in history as a glittering cavalcade of military splendor. It required less than an hour for it fo pass the reviewing stand in front of the White House, where the President, the Vice Presi- dent, members of the newly inaugu- rated leaders’ families and their closest friends, members of the cabi- net and high officials of the Govern- ment réeviewed it from the official reviewing stand. But in that hour ‘was crowded a colorful glimpse of ntinie axe 9, Column passed since even a sem- the scene was much; | PRESIDENT SIGNS Affixes Signature at Last Moment After Suspense for Beneficiaries. | | President Coolidge today signed the legislative appropriation bill, carry- ing increased salaries for members of Congress, the cabinet and the Vice President. the Caplitol, where he had gone to take the oath of office. Mr. Coolidge took up his pen with great deliberation and signed his name to the measure. After signing a large batch of other bills, the President sat back from the table and conferred for some with Budget Director Lord on bill. the Cause of Speculation. The bill had been at the White House for several days and there had been much speculation over the President's attitude toward it. He re- frained from approving it when he went over the bills at the Executive offices early today and it went to the Capitol with him Under the measure, members of the House and Senate will receive $10,- 000 a_year instead of $7,500, and the Vice President, members of the cab- inet and the Speaker of will recelve $15,000, instead of $12,500. Stirred Great Interest. Probably next to the inauguration itself, there was nothing arousing more interest among the members of Congress and friends and attaches at the Capitol than the outcome of this legislation. While was general that because of the little time remaining the President would not veto this bill, inasmuch as he had given no indication yesterday or this morning or even when he ar- rived at the Capitol of what he in- tended to do, there was a feeling akin to alarm as the time passed. The President had been at the Capitol for nearly an hour before he signed the bill. With him at the time Iwere Senator Curtis, Republican ileader of the Senate. who had, as chairman of the joint inaugural com- mittee, ridden to the Capitol with the President and Mrs. Coolidge and Brig. Gen. Lord, director of the budget. He read carefully a number of papers on his desk, and when he finally put his signature 1o the legislative appropriation bill {who saw him could have guessed what he was thinking. Intimates of the Executive had mo | hesitancy in representing President Coolidge being not especially enthusiastic over that part of the bill that provided the increased salaries, not that he questioned the merit, but because he considered it somewhat inconsistent with his established program of governmental economy PERSHING’S ILLNESS By the Associated Press. HAVANA, Cuba, March 4—Gen. John J. Pershing, who was taken ill Yesterday afternoon after he arrived here from Santiago de Cuba, spent a quiet night and was sleeping at 7:30 am. today, it was said ‘at the hotel where he Is stopping. Visits to government officials, the presidential palace and a reception) at the American embassy in his honor had been planned for today, but were canceled last night. Dr. D. T. Laine, the physician at- tending Gen. Pershing, said late night that his patient's condition was somewhat improved, and it was his bellef that the program for tomorrow and the following days could be gone through without danger. ~Rigor of the long railway journey yesterday was trying on the general and a day's rest should be enough to restore T) health, ‘he sald. The measure was the last signed by | the President today at his room at| | the wild time | the House | the feeling! no one | HALTS FESTIVITIES | CONGRESS ENDS MEASURE: RAISING | PEACEFULLY AFTER By the President PAYFORCONGRESS TURBULENT LIFE |Benevolent Atmosphere at Close Contrasts With Long Bitterness. The Sixty-eighth Congress died to- day amid a peaceful calm. in striking | contrast ta:the throes of bitterness and strife which have tortured fit during most of its tenure of power. As against the sensational charac- ter of some of its sittings, with the long list of investigations, charges and counter-charges, a benevolent at- mosphere prevailed, both in House and Senate, and there was lacking legislative jams which us- uvally accompany the close of a ses- sion. The House. which long ago had caught up with its business, passed a few minor measures, and occupied itself by listening to complimentary speeches touching its membership. Representative Longworth of Ohio, the Republicar floor leader, soon to become Speaker, complimented Rep- resentative Garrett, the Democratic leader. and vice versa, and both, in turn, pald tribute to Speaker Gillett, who will be the junior Senator from The House, at the instance of Mr. Garrett, thanked the Speaker for his “fairness and impartiality.” Kills Building Bill. The Senate put the finishing touches on the deficiency appropriation bill so far as Congress is concerned im- mediately after it met at 10 o'clock this morning. As finally projects, including the ment for the $150,000,000 building bill, the Smoot amendment for In- ternal Revenue building in Washing- ton and the Fletcher amendment to complete buildings already authorized, were eliminated The District of Columbia amend- ments adopted by the Senate remain in the bill, including about $60,000 for the enforcement of the new traffic law and $59.000 to make effective the law for the removal of the crossing at Lamond station. The amendment providing $10,000 for the agreed to all Tidal Basin is made to apply to the East as well as the West beach. Pay Raise Authorized. The deficiency bill carries a pro- vision making available the money to pay the increases in salaries for members of Congress, the Vice Presi- dent and the cabinet, beginning to- day, which is provided for in the leglislative appropriation bill. The deficiency bill also authorizes the payment of increases of salary for the postal emploves, in accord- ance with the postal pay and rate increase law. Shortly before the Senate adjourn- ed it put through a joint resalution authorizing the restoration of the Lee Mansion, at Arlington, to the same condition in which It was when occupied by the Lee family. Then came a flood of private bills, with a dozen Senators clamoring for recognition and only a limited time to go. There was scarcely a cor- porals guard in the galleries when the session began, admission being by card only. House on Minpr Mensures. ‘The House occupied itself with mi- no¥ measures at the beginning. There was the usual last-minute confusion and bills were jammed ‘through with ‘great rapidity. After half a dozen private claim biils had gone through the Senate in a eral hubbub, Senator Robinson of “Arkansas, the Democratic leader, said he would object to the consld- eration of any more bills unless pro- cedure could be in order. Less than 100 members were on the floor when the House convened. In contract to the Senate confusion, there ‘was none of the hubbub that usually marks the close of & Congres: Five minutes was devoted to the routine of the reading of the journal of yesterday's proceedings, and then by a vote of 88 to 3 the Senate (Continued on Page {, Column £) Massachusetts in the next Congress. | building | House amend- | grade | removal of the bathing beaches in the | Text of Inaugural | Speech at Capitol My Countrymen No one can contemplate current con- ditions without finding much that satisfying and still more that is en- | couraging. Our own country is lead- ing the world in the general readjust- ment to the results of the great con- flict. Many of its burdens will bear heavily upon us for years, and the secondary and indirect cffects we must | expect to experience for some time But we are beginuing to comprehend more definitely what course should be pursued, what remedies ought to be applied, what action should be taken for our deliverance, and are clearly manifesting a determined will faith- fully and conscientiously to adopt these methods of relief. Already we have sufficiently rearranged our do- mestic affairs so that confidence has returned, business has revived, and we appear to be entering an era of prosperity which is gradually reach- ing into every part of the Nation. Realizing that we cannot live unto | ourselves alone, of our resources and our counse! to the relief of the suffering and the settlement of the disputes among the European nations. Because of | what America is and what America | has done, a firmer courage, a higher hope, inspires the heart of all hu- manity. The results have not occurred by mere chance. They have been se- cured by a constant and enlizhtened | effort marked by many sacrifices and extending over many We cannot continue these brilliant | successes in the future, unless we continue to learn from the past. It is necessary to keep the former ex- perfences of our country both at home and abroad continually before us, if we are 1o have any science of govern- ment. If we wish to erect new struc- tures, we must have a definite knowl- edge of the old foundations. We must realize that human nature is about the most constant thinz in the uni- verse and that ‘he essentlals of human relationship do not change. We must frequently take our bearings from these fixed stars of our political firmament if we expect to hold a true course. If we examine carefully what we have done. we can determine the more accurately what we can do. is | Freedom Made a Birthright. We stand at the opening of the one hundred and fiftieth vear since our national consciousness first asserted | itselt by {array of | detachea appeared | united and independent Nation. Men | began to discard the narrow confines of a local charter for the broader op- | portunities of a national constitution. Under the eternal urge of freedom we became an independent Nation. A little less than 50 years later that freedom and independence were re- force. The old sentiment of and guarded, supported and secured by the Monroe doctrine. The narrow fringe of States along the Atlantic seaboard advanced its frontiers across | the hills and plains of an interven- !ing continent until it passed down the golden slove to the Pacific. We made freedom a birthright. We extended our domain over distant islands in order to safezuard our own interests and accepted the consequent obliga- tion to bestow justice and liberty upon less favored peoples. In the defense of our own ideals and in the general cause of liberty we entered the Great War. When victory had been fully secured, we withdrew to our own shores unrecompensed save in the consclousness of duty done. | Throughout all these experiences {we have enlarged our freedom, we Ihave strengthened our independence. We have beer, and propose to be, more and more American. We be- lieve that we can best serve our own country and most successfully dis- charge our obligations to humanity by continuing to be openly and can didly, intensely and scrupulousl American. It we have any heritag ~ (Continued on Page 5, Column 2.) we have contributed | generations. | unmistakable action with an | and dependent colonies dis- | in the new sentiment of a| asserted in the face of all the world, | RULE OF SPIRITUAL FORCES IN AMERICA 1S COOLIDGE CREED OF ADMINISTRATION Stresses Economy, Not for Sake of Business, But for Man—Would Conquer War, by Stronger Idealism. 'SAYS NATION MUST SHUN | SOPHISTRY IN RELATIONS 1Hmts He May Favor Conference | to Solve Ecomomic s of World—Demands Law Obedience and Supports International Court and Rule of Reason. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN, idealism, with more ew England prac ticability, dominates the inaugural | address delivered by President Cal- | vin Coolidge today—a message heard | and read by millions of Americans | " The President promises to work for 1. Economy in governmental ad- ministration Reduction of taxes. . American adherence ! World Court. He indicates 1. Further | ments. i 2. Solution of economic problems that bear the sceds of new wars Keynote of Administration. The address is interpreted as the keynote of the administration which is to rule in Washington for the next four years. Under a polite tradition the President has been in office as the representative of the late President Harding during the greater part of two vears. Todfy he #his own man serving under the mandate of the peo- ple given him last Nevember. | When the President accepted the nomination of the Republican party last August he appealed to the com- mon sense of the American people Today he renews again his pledge and seeks to translate into policies that common sense. America’s job in the world today is {to aid —but to remain American | President Coolidge says. Most ear- nestly does he recommend to his countrymen that they safeguard the freedom of the people and the great advances which have been made by the American people in the past. In & phrase that brings to mind the great Patrick Henry, after summing up the inheritances of the American people, the President says “all these need constant effort and tireless vigilance for their protection.” | Neo Lengthy Program. The President's address is brief. But into it he has packed discussion of the foreign relations of the United States, domestic problems, his inter- pretation of the vote cast by the people in the election last Fall, and a demand for party fealty and united action by the Republicans now con- trolling the executive and legislative hranches of the Government. Into it he has woven epigram and “plain | unvarnished” statement. 1t is Cool- | 1dze at his best The President promises a handling of foreign relations that will make | tor peace. He promises an adminis- tration that will benefit the taxpay |ers and the workers through econ | my—and more economy. He prom- | ises, further, a reduction in taxes He lays down no lengthy program of new legislation, however. The part President Coolidge would have the United States play in world affairs today is “to use our enormous powers to trim the balance of the world"—to act as a great stabilizing influence. Would Relieve Preasure. American than a tinge of to the his strong desire for: limitation of arma- | In one portion of his address the President seemingly gives support in the recommengation of Senator Borah of idaho, chairman of the Senate for- eign relations committee, that steps be taken to solve the economic proh- lems of the world—~as a forerunner to permanent peace. In this connec- tion the President says: “One of the greatest dangers peace lies in the economic pressure to which people find themselves sub- 1 jected. One of the most practical things to be done in the world is 1o seek arrangements under which such pressure may be removed and hope may be revived. There must be some assurance that effort and endeavor will be followed by success and pros- perity. In the making and financing of such adfustments there {3 not only an opportunity, but a real duty, for America to respond with her counsel and her resources.” But the greatest stress is laid by the President on the need of cherish- ing “the desire for peace” in the heart of humanity. Spirit Must Triumph. “Parchment will fail, the sword will fail, it is only the spiritual n ture of man that can be triumphant he says. In support of American adherence to the Permanent Court of Inter-: national Justice—more popularly known as the World Court—Mr. Cool- idge says: v “We cannot barter away our in- dependence or our sovereignty, but we ought to engage in no refine- ments of logic, no sophistries and no (Continued on Page 5, Column 7.) to i{adio Programs—Page 27