Evening Star Newspaper, December 9, 1923, Page 89

: o BY STERLING HEILIG. i PARIS, November 29. i NGLAND Ras only o small pro- portion of the world's reserve of coal. Her superiority In coal production may pass from her dn a few years. Even more than France, it possible (where they have other motives, other hgPes respecting “the new forces”), Pmglish industrial- ists and engineers fre straining every effort to make réady before the day of Deed. England's government experts are gommitted to a scheme which takes ad- vantage of England's position as an faland. It is to “harness” the Atlantic tldes and provide sufficient power to Tun practically all the industrial centers ©of the south of England at a phenom- enally emall cost. It 18 to be done by throwing a dam, or barrage, across the great estuary of the Severn, about 100 miles distant from London and seventy miles from Birmingham, and making the tides per- form a useful industrial office. Such & scheme. when it is In full working order, will, it is estimated, save Eng- 1and about 4,000,000 tons of coal a year, and provide electrical power at the rate of less than 1 cent per unit. The main features of the plans of the ministry of transports are: 1. A concrete dam across the Severn | estuary, containing turbines driven by impounded tidal water, and designed to | Provide 500,000 horsepower in a ten- hour day. $. A salt water lake at a high ele- “Vation, to which water would be forced through a tunnel forty feet in diameter cut through a solid mile of rock. This Jake would be fllled by pumps worked from the estuary dam during the high ldes, when there is a roserve of power ~—s0 that when tides are not so high or the dam turbines not working, the fall of water from the reservoir will work subsidiary turbines and keep the power | supply constant. | 3. A level road across the Severn, which will gave transport a fifty-mile detour for all traflic eastward of Bris- tol and Newport. Also, factlities for the quadruplication of raflway lines be- tween South Wales and the west of England. 4. A locked basin of 27 square miles for shipping purposes on the upper Severn, accommodating the lar- gest ships. | W ok ok ok ‘HE originators of the scheme are three distingulshed engineers in the service of the ministry of trans- ports—Sir Alex. Gibb, whose firm bullt the famous dockyard at Ro- syth; J. Ferguson and T. R. Menzines —although some three years ago, & similar proposal was urged by inde- pendent engineers to the board of trade. The potential power of the Severn dwarfs all other inland waterpower available in the United Kingdom com- | blned, and- the estuary is uniquely eituated and possesses ail the condi- tions necessary to the economic de- velopment of tidal waterpower on & commercial scale. There is an ex- ceptional range of tide, an estuary of great capacity, an ideal location in relation to industrial centers and | reserve land to accommodate any de- velopement of industrial enterprises consequent upon the progress of the scheme. This harnessing of the tides is not new, as an idea. The proposal put| forward actually by the government of England is deslgned to meet all the apparent disadvantages cf tidal harnessing, great as they may be, on Animal “Language.’ 8 there a language of animals? 1t one means by language sounds| conveying certain sensations, desires and impressions, animals certainly speak, If one is to credit the obser- vations of various competent obsery- ers. If one means articulate words capable of conveying ideas in the proper acceptation of the word, aal- mals do not have a language. Language Is of two kinds. The first is merely of the senses, expressing only impressions, sensatlons, etc., and | conslsts solely of inarticulate sounds, | cries and gestures of various sorts.| This sort of language, which repre- sents no thought, no idea and still less any reasoning process, exim' among animals and is common to them and man. D This confusion in the meaning of/ the word “language” has led many sclentists to defend the untenable| opinion that animals have an intel- lect of the same kind, although of less degree, than that of man. One authority, Carbonelle, has given & remarkable description of | this language of pure sense—cries of Joy or of fright, joyous shouts, sighs | of sadness or grief, various move- | ments of the wings in birds, wag-| Fings of the tall In dogs, eto., and, in man, the play of feature, instinctive | movements and monosyllabic excla- mations. The essential and fundamental dif- ference between this language of the senses and spoken Tanguage is that the former, because it represents no idea, implies no conversation. . The animals do not talk with one an- other, and if all the naturalists in the world observe all the goriilas, chimpansees and orangutans of the African jungles they will never sur-, prise them in a single conversation. They will be able to natice certain cries and gestures, more or less va- ried, corresponding to the impres- sions, sensations and passions of all this monkey tribe, just as they might observe the same with any other class of animals. To have a real language there must ®e judgment and reason, founded, at least implicitly, on an abstract and universal idea: not an instinctive Judgment without freedom, like that of the kid which, seeing the wolf, decides to run away, but a free, con- sclous and reasonable judgment. The articulate word, which alone constitutes real language, may be re- placed with gestures, with signs, by deaf mutes, for example, juit as it is put into certain characters in hand- ‘writing, but these characters, signs and gestures correspond in this case to 1deas, not merely to the phenomena ot pure sensation. ‘We may recall the failure of the learned naturalist, Sir John Lubbock, who, in spite of several months of dally practice, followed out with un. alterable patience, could not teach his dog to read. The same result awaits all at- tempts to decipher and nete the ale leged speech 0f monkeys THE England and France Both Look Forward to Day When Coal Will Not Be as Plentiful as It Has Been in the Past—Engineering Scheme to Utilize Great Estuary of Severn May Be Started the Coming Spring. POWER FROM GRAVITATION. BOTH FRANCE AND ENGLAND HAVE AGREED THAT THE ATLANTIC TIDES CAN BE “HAR- NESSED,” AND THE FRE PLANT: GOURDAN. account of the varying flow of water, the changing times at which the tides occur and the dGlfferenca in height of the tides at the period of spring and neap tides. Another obvious engineering aiffi- culty is the problem of generating power at a constant rate through- out the day. These difficulties make necessary some sort of power storage | to absorb the energy generated dur- Ing the spring tides, in order to bal- ance the deficiency in neap tides and during the non-work hours of the day. To store electricity in suffictent quantities by means of accumuiators is out of the question from an eco nomical point of view. Therefore, the method of storing adopted is that of | pumping sea-water from a low to a high level, utilizing the surplus en- ergy when it is avallable, and allow- ing this pumped water to drive sub- sldlary turbines during its fall to the low level. An artificlal salt-water lake has been provided for at a high tevel, to achieve this result, An ideal site ex- ists in the valley near Tintern Ab- bey, which only needs a dam across the lower end. The water will be pumped from the low level of the river Wye into a res- ervoir through a tunnel driven through solld rock about & mile long discharging into the great lake. Every detall of the great enterprise has been worked out in an engineer- ing and construction sense—because, as a fact, they are on the point of breaking ground. I give this English scheme in full detall, because a government dcpart- ment is actually committed to it, and work will almost certalnly be started In the spring. It iz ho vis- lan. {onary pl e INJOR s there anything visionary about French plans for “harness- ing” the tides, although the one most spoken of at present is so different. It is true that on the coast of Brit- tany, where a small-mouthed bay cut into cliffs presents an ideal locatlon, CH PLANS FAVOR NUMEROUS SMALL THIS PHOTO IS AN INVENTION OF MONSIEUR BI- |a company has obtalned concessfons, | bought land and started work in the | English sense. But what {s most in | the public eye is the scheme of M. Bigourdan of the Observatory of | Paris, & scientific man in the best | sense, whose name alone finds capital, | privately subscribed and adequate, to |start the Company of the Tides of | Granvilte. I think there are no tides quite like | these on the English coast. I speak of those crowded iato the bay of Mont St. Michel, between the Poiut of Cancale and Cape de la Hague, on the one side, and the Channel Iilands on | the other. At Cherbourg, where the water has elbow room, so to speak, |the September tides attain twenty- | three feet height. At Granville they | rise fitty-one feet and come thunder- |ing “faster than a horse can gallop.” By this may be judged the enormous mass of tidal water piled up in the vay! The Bigourdan schemie is to take advantage of these tides, phenomenal at all times, rather by numerous “small” power plants, avoiding any one great barrage. As a fact the hydraulic machines are gigantic. Moved by the unlimited force of these phenomenally “crowd- ed” tides they are to work turbines while pouring vast masses of water into a locked reservoir in the cliffts— a natural reservoir which only needs certain high cement and masonry work, possessed of its own turblnes, to complete it. This high reservoir (which fs, in fact, a little fjord or fnlet In the cliffs, with a very narrow mouth) will give a fall, they say, of such & helght to the vast mass of cut-off and pumped tidal water as to provide 200,000 horsepower in a twenty-four-hour day. Not one but a dozen of these “small” hydraulic glants will steal horsepower from the thundering Granville tides to make electrical power while, at the same time, filling SOLAR ENERGY FOR INDUSTRY. HERE IS REPRESENTED WHAT THE “FRENCH MYSTERY.” IT LOOKS RATHER SOLAR HEAT ENGINE, BUT SOLAR HEAT IS A VERY PART OF THE “NEW s ! SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. Power From Tides and Sun Energy Are Sought for Europe’s Industries the cliff-locked high-level Inland sea, which also fills itself while running turbines! * ok ox THE ‘construction of these glant hydraullc machines 1s said to be | sensationally. ingenious. No truly exact plan of them has been pub- lished, although rough drawings, from more or less accurate descrip- tions, are not lacking. But, as every- body knows, the power is there—the limitless power of gravity, worked by the earth and moon upon the ocean waters! Today it is all lost. Tomorrow a small portion of it will be- “harnessed.” Already the puny waterfalls of the French Alps and Pyrenees are furnishing so much “white coal” that the devastated mines of France are sensibly re- lieved. The power is there. What may not be expected from the thun- dering tidal masses of the limitless ocean! The power is there! 1t is, aleo, in the sun’s rays, and in the atom of earth and interstellar space, whose explosive disintegration is, perhaps, discovered. Dwarfing, even, the glgantld handling of the tides comes “the French mystery” of drawing solar emergy for indus- try. Many talk about it. None of those who talk have definite knowledge of the so-called solar-force machin cept that it Is not a banal solar-heat engine! = There is said to be one actually working at Issy. The combined elec- tric light and force companies of Paris (which now have their monster works In common) ere sald to be making the experiments, under two famous physicists. That there are other rays than heat rays coming from the sun fs known to all. What can be done with them (or what they can Bo made to do to ! other obscure forces) is “the French mystery."” The forces are there! Times and methods change quickly! These are the forces of tomorrow, | Just as the forces of yesterday were in the coal which my own mother re- members they dug out by the bucket- ful from hillsides around Wilkes- Barre, Pa. ) How long ago was it that my great- grandfather sold for $8,000 the farm from which five present-day mil- Ionaire familles have drawn a mil- llon per cent profits on the purchase price which 8o delighted the 0ld man! | My mother, still living, remembers it. Yet all the great iron, etecl and coal period has come sirice—and Is, visibly, going. , ex- Quartz Vessels. THE intense heat which the min- eral quartz is capable of stand- Ing makes it unusually suitable as a material for retorts, crucibles and the llke when these are to be used in chemical work requiring high tem- peratures. But if these quartz ves- sels themselves are to endure such high heats how are they to be molded? This problem has been solved in a novel and practical way. The maker packs beach sand (which is com- posed largely of quartz) around a carbon rod in the center of a carhon ! cylinder with a bore of about eight inches. Then he sends sufficient cur- | rent through these carbon terminals | to melt the sand and let the quartz“ form into a single tube weighing |latter the signals was exchanged | ed superiority over the rest of the| over a hundred pounds. This tube is | drawn out of fts carbon furnace with | tongs while still hot and the hole in | it is stuffed with either potatoes or | realty meant evervthing if you Kedt|study, I will guarantee that you can lime, after which the tube is squeezed shut at each end, and‘the hot mass s put Into molds of the desired | shape. | Owing to the heat, the potatoes or llme generate considerable gas, | Which presses the hot metal out| against the sides of the mold. F\’:r, cutting and finishing the quartz ves- ' sels when cold the maker uses both sandblast and saws fitted with teeth of carborundum, another product of the electric furnace. But the start in | every case Is obtained by melting the | tar and has been tried out with big| put to the test. namely vs. Mr. and quartz crystals into a single mass in | profits by two of my brightest pubils |y “olleher of Washington. The the intense heat of a simple electrical i Mr. and Mrs. Glucose, against two of | game took place in a day coach be- i the luckiest card holders in the fafM- | {wesn Washington and Danville, Ky. furnace. 0., DECEMBER 9, 1923—PART 5. " Wallace T To Editor The Star, who look twelve (1 doz.) yrs. younger when he take a shave. EAREST Sth8fat you sip- pose now? A Bw days of yore - Cousin Wogi arrive to my Thinking Studio (kitchen) with a very serlal expres- | sion on his eyebrows while making report: he dictate hurriely, “opr Uncle Nichi were 89 yrs. old last Wedsdy. & what you think?" “I are disabled to repl. from me. “Yestdy,” gubble Nogi, “he write from Japan to cungratulate himself on getting married again!! She are a stylish bell, name of Miss Rick! Jin- shaka. In addition to his happiness Uncle Nichi wish to borra 103 rap- idly.” “How rapldly will his happiness permit him to pay it back?" I renig. “He eay,” explain Nogi, “that be- cause of his very hairless old age he {8 willing to die pretty soonly & leave that 10§ for you in his will Undoubtedly you ~will be happy to wait.” ‘Shall not a ter. . “How can You bo so unnatural- ized? say Nogi. “For man of his age— “Man of his age should not begin to borra money,” I decry. “If he keep that up, who knows what? It will get to be habit. Many yng. married folks starts In that wrong way. At firstly they borra 108 then in yr. or 2 they desire 15§. In 21 or 39 the; get all covered with morgages which they cannot pay for rest of their life. No, sir, I say! No, mam, also!” “Stop up!!" yall Nogi “Are you forgot that Uncle Nichi are now 89 yrs.old. How much longer you axpect him to sow his wild otes?” “Who could tell?” I ask to know. “In this Age of Progress (backwards & forwards) so much are being done to stop Old Age from doing so that I nnot be sirprised. Look at Sciencs Nogi attempt to do so while I talk onwards. ‘ “Last week in news print I learn how a prominent bricklayer of Pe- Penn, have got too strong to in his 122th yr. So he go into training with desire to stroke Sir Jno. Dempsey out of ring." “Another oldly gentleman axpect to do that also,” commute Nogl “What name, i any?” I explore. “Hon. Jest Willard," say Nog! “Pussibly,” T dib. “But I are speak- ing mere ed Observe what Sclence accomplish their greenish laberatories, amidst curio smells, chemists with very swollen brains is working to find knockdown drops which will stop teeth, hair & eyes out.” This I holla like a roos- Day & night in | | | [ \ | “CHEMIS “YET what did they di-hcover'."" require Nogl. “Sometimes one thing, sometimes somsthing else,” I collapse. “Last Wedsdy I read in news-print how Dr. Smilax of Montreal were working in his laberatory to find a Invention that would take the smell out of gasoleno when—O sudden!—he turn to his As- | sistant and decry, ‘Theobald, do you know the simple way to make people ltve forever? ‘I are willlng to Dbit narrate Theobald, ‘what are the sim- ple way to make people live forever? ‘Dishcover something that will stop them from dying,’ holla Hon. Smilax.” “And did he dishcover that umport- ant medictne?" ask Nogi for informa- tion. “Not sure I develup. “At that place Hon. Newspaper say, ‘Continued on page 44, which I could not do be- cause of advertisin “But the principal are the same,” I | migrate. “Physicians & doctors Is | getting pretty darnly smart, by golly. | When any middle-age gentleman, |past 90, comme backsliding In ght from falling | health Hon. Dr. come pretty quick & (It teech surjins how to graft new commence stitching® portions of | |to find mean ways which will stop | those sick diseases which kill oldy monkey, goat, chicken & lobster into his diagram. After that Hon. Oldy Man feel so good that he go home and get divorced, ‘And 80 onways everywheres,” I belabor. “In colleges & other hospit- tle all over land Professors are look- ing with wisedom In their eyeglasses men. Gout, new-ralja, talkativeness, hard arteries, soft brain, collision of'r the kidneys & alimony has all went | out of style.” “I read in News Print,” say Nogl, | “how one poor show girl, age 155, commit suicide by swallowing a gas stove because she afraid she might die a old maid.” “Axcidents will happen even among Police,” I divulge. “Yet Sclence con- tinue to march ahead like steam. Look at that Rockefeller Institoot!" Nogi attempt to do =o. “Every day sometimes 2ce,” I main- tain, “Hon. Rockefeller Institoot revo- lutionize medicine. It have already nearly as many revolutions as Russia. eyes, new legs, new skin, new ton- - STATISTICS SOURCE OF LONGEVITY win's Letters of a Japénese Schoolboy. S WITH VERY SWOLLEN BRAINS 1S WORKING TO FIND KNOCK DOWN DROPS.” sils onto people who lost theirs, & see what that great institoot ha done to preserve Hon. Jno. D, Rocke= feller who say at his S4th birthday, while donating pennies to orphans, ‘T feel as young as I look.'” “Yot he are not so old as Hon. Chancey M. Depew,” say Nogl. What do Hon. Depew take to make him so boyish in face & figger?” “Hon. Depew takes a joke night & morning,” I ollicute. “Do taking jokes young?" Nogi ask it. “It preserves Hon. Depew pretty splandid.” I tell. “In 1854 he took a joke from Hon. Joe Miller, and he have used none other since.” * x * x AND thusly 1t goes” I manage. “Everywhere you look vyou see something happening to Old Age. What are great grandfathers & even greater grandmothers doing days? While Harvard boys is at work learning chemistry, =0 that they can make gin that tastes real, the Former Generation are drinking it in cab-hurrays and other dancing concerts. keep persons ( (Copyright, 1023.) RING GIVES CODE OF LINGO BRIDGE Another of the Lardner Guides to Success. O the Editor: In the past in these columns the writer has wrote a couple of valuable articles of Instruction in re- gards to ultra modern bridge methods, one called ‘“Musical Bridge" lr}d the other “Patter Bridge.” In the former it was told how a couple of partners with a knowledge of old songs might signal each other by merely whist- ling or humming same, &nd in the pack and 4th. by a running fire of small talk that apparently had noth- ing to do with the cards but in your ears open and your mind alert. These articles met with such & wel- come by devotees of the sport that Jetters has kept purring in on all sides asking that I should continue the serious a system that will permit a couple of wide awake bridgers to triumph in practically every rubber no matter hoow lucky there opponents may be., So the present article Is devoted to the very latest of my Inventions which allows mind to win over mat- The Family of the Fibulae BY E. D'ORMAY. HO would belleve that the modest safety pin, invalu- | able in so many ways, has an anclent and honorable lineage of over 4,000 years, and is first cousin to the fashionable brooch? Yet any one who will take the trouble to visit our National Museum, where 80 many treasures of all kinds are stowed away, may convince him- self of the fact by a study of the case of “filbulae” in the Greek and Roman collections. These bronze safety pins, some for utility and others for orna- ment, were by no means the first, for thelr very style and perfection of de- slgn proves them to represent the flower of a long series of earller ex- periments with dress fastenings. So important s this subject to milady of today that the manufac- turer of a snap fastener, Jindrich Waldes of Prague, in Czechoslovakia, has actually buflt a museum thers and dedicated it to the safety pin, or rather he has filled it with all styles of dress fastenings, in which natural- 1y the safety pin predominatel Among the small tools we use every day there are many things the origin of which may be traced back into darkest antiquity, but not perhaps more interesting than this same safe- ty pin, manufactured by the millions, used, lost, replaced and lost again, yet always ready In so many unex- pected emergencies. Like & true conservative the safety pin has kept its shape and functions during all the changes thé world has undergone these forty centuries. For we have to go back to the so-called bronse age, the time before man knew how to smelt and forge iron, bit when he had alreddy discovered the use of one metal—bronzs. The arms of those days, swords and shields, spears and knives, were all of bronze, as were also the ornaments, the armlets and necklaces, the finger rings and earrings. Though the arts of spinning and weaving, may not yet have been known in central Europe, where the 'tribes of that part of the world were ! designs, perhaps & lisard, which is so sié glorla mundi” | clad mostly in furs, yet garments had to be fastened somehow, and the thorns and sharpened bones that were probably first used for this purpose were most likely not very satisfac tory. Doubtless some prehistoric smith found the way of manufacturing a wire out of bronze, and, after having eharpened one end of it, used It to fasten his own garment and that of his wife. Who knows but the lady, having scratched herself with the clumsy things, was the first to bend ons of its end to form a ring, and so saved her skin from being wounded? This form of the pin was used by prehistoric people—probably Celts— in the Austrian Alps, where, beside a most beautitul lake, lies the town of Hallstatt, above which towers a lofty mountain consisting almost en- tirely of salt. Even today thousands of tans of salt are dug out and boiled out of that mountaln, after 4,000 years of constantly mining it. Fully 2,000 years before the Christian era | the wild tribes then inhabiting the country explored the salt mines. In graves of these antique miners, dlscovered on top of the mountaln, skeletons of an almost gigantic size have been found, and with them, among various things of interest, were safety pins of bronze. It seems that this pin—then a nov- elty—soon found its way to other countries. The Romans ocalled it “fibula,” and archeology - employs that name for all antique pins of this type. In the course of time, when artistio workmanship begas to be ap- preciated in Rome, the fibula, without much changing its first shape, was ornamented by the skiliful gold- smiths of the Bternal city. It was made of gold or silver, set with pre- clous stones, and 80 became the prede- cessor of the modern breastpin. The Teutonic tribes that invaded the Roman empire during the migr: tion of the nations, between 800 and 500 A.D., were fibulae In the shapes of animals. And, in fact, some of these nd give vent to another | |ing districts of Washingten, D. C. | namely Mr. and Mrs. Earl Kelleher. x % ¥ x {"THE new method may be termed “Linguistic Bridge,” as it de- | pends on a mastery of forelgn langu- ages. The {dear first occurred to ms: eight months ago and I immediately | thought of my friends the Glucoses who had been loosing heavily at | every setting in spite of there mark- bridge playing world. “Glucoses,” 1 said, *if you will agree to put in six months of hard more than make up all the bridge | losses of your life in a few weeke.” | What did I mean they asked. So |I told them. They must set aside |two hrs. per day for the next % a yr. to the absolute mastery of all |the languages of Europe, Acia and Africa and when they had accom- | plished that much, they were to come to me and T would tell them how to utllize there knowledge. To make a short story meager T | will recite the detalls of what come off the first time the scheme was | The Glucoses had often played bridge | with the Kellehers and the last |named was $4,300.00 ahead. | On this occasion the Glucoses, ac- cording to my instructions, asked the Kellehers {f they had ever been | abroad or if they knew any foretgn | languages. The answer was plain no. So the game started and Mr. Kelleher dealt and bid a no trump. “Just a minute, dearfe,” says Mr. Glucose to his wife. “Do you remem- ber the Portuguese word for canary?" “Sure,” replied Mrs. Glucose. “Ao tenha cinque shovellos rey high. Of course the Kellehers thought | that must be the Portuguese word | for canary and they figured that Mr. and Mrs. Glucose was jusp trying to show off, but what Mrs. Glucose sald really means “I have five spades, king i high” ‘and as Mr. Glucose had the lace, queen and six other spades It common in southern Italy, may be |seen today in the National Museum collection here. A little later, and the pin's orna- ment consisted of a disc set with rubfes and turquoise, and still later, during the medieval times, pictures of saints in enamel adorned the disc, and the fibula became a real breast- pin set with a miniature. Soon pre- clous stones had taken the place of the enameled holy pictures. Only a century ago the cameo brooch came into fashion. Our great- | Brandmothers, wearing their rather scant “empire dress,” which was sup- posed to resemble the Greek gar- ment, sportad those large cameo breastpins that are still preserved as sacred heirlooms by 32 respectful posterity, 3 But all these changes have had not the slightest effect upon the modest safety pin. While her more preten- tious cousin, the brooch, sparkles in the glare of .preclous stones and, as the French say, “assists™ In all the festivities of social life, the safety pin has become the unnoticed Cin- derella. Today the lot of a servant has fall- en to the falthful safety pin, the aristocrat of 4,000 years ago. But quietly and efficlently she continues to perform her appointed task, un- seen and unacclalmed, the patient drudge of fallen fortunes. “Sio tran- . “MR. GLUCOSE SAYS, ‘OH, I GUESS YOU MEAN NULLO TROMPINI’ was no trick at all for the Glucoses to set the Kellehers higher than a Kite. * ¥ ¥ % T was Mr. Glucose's deal and after the cards had all been distributed, his wife said: “They's something about the scenery along hers that re- minds me of a place we stopped in Italy. What was the name of that place?” So Mr. Glucose says: “Oh, I guess you mean Nullo Trompint.” So she says: “Non, Io rathero playo 1 Clubini She was telling him that she had a game hand in clubs if he could help her 8o they made it clubs and made a grand slam with four honors in one hand and they never found the other one. On Mr. Kelleher's deal, Mra. Glu- cose asked both the Kellehers it they had ever played mah jong, meaning that her next remark to Mr. Glucose would be in Chinese. “I love the game myselt,” says Mrs. Duo-Negatives. IN photographing subjects with In- tense contrasts the difficulty of securing the required amount of detall in the shadow without get- ting overdensity in the high lights is a common experience. The use of fiims makes it possible to overcome this difficulty by a simple expedient. Two negatives are made—one for high lights with a short exposure and the other fully timed for the shadows. The parts desired In each negative are then coated with cellu- lold varnish and the remainder re- moved with the well known red prus- siate and hypo reducer. When these two negatives are superposed In reg- ister their combined effect is that of a properly timed mnegative. The method fs, of course, ona requiring some dexterity in the blocking-out process and is restricted to films of neglible thickness. The Ways of a Child. Prom the London Tit-Bita. 5 A teacher who was giving the chil- dren written exercises wrote out this *Wanted" advertisement: “Wanted—A milliner. Apply by letter to Miss Smith, 10 Blaok street.” The children had to make applica- tions for the position in writing. One youngster wrote: *Dear Miss Smith—I saw you want 2 milliner. I hate to trim hats. Can't you get somebody else? Please let me know at onos, Bdith Brown/S Glucose as she picked up her hand, “but maybe that is because I speak Chinese. Allee mylee bandee Is blackee.” This of course warned her husband to not take her out in eitber of the red suits and though he only had the ace, king, jack of spades and the king, queen, jack of clubs, he allowed her to play her spade bid and the re- sult was anothor grand slam. It was now Mrs. Glucose's deal and wile she was dealing, she whistled the Russian national hymn and when she picked up her cards she said: Letsky themski bidsky thisky time. ovitch and weeski will set themeksy And sure enough, the Kelieher's, who was now desperate, overbld there hand and was set seven odd double. This made the Glucoses §5,- 400 ahead and the Kellehers dove off the train at Clifton Forge though they had Intended going on to Dan- ville. The Glucoses never got there maney, but it shows what the new system would do if you was play'ng vs. honest people. RING W. LARDNER. (Copyright, 1923.) ‘Wires in a Cable. IY' you watch men drawing a lead- covered cable into the conduits which form a network under city streets it is usually not long before you hear some one ask: “How many wires are there in the cable?” That there may be some variation in the number of the wires is easily guessed, but few reallize how wide a dis- cropancy in the number of wires may be. Take, for example, two sections that are by no means extremes but give some idea of the range. One is of a telephone cable containing twenty-six dogen pairs of 624 wires, each pair wrapped with paraffined paper and the whole entwined in such a way that plenty of air space Is left between the wires The other. is a 20,000-volt cable for a three-phase power transmission circult, such as is used for conveying power from the central stations to the acattered dis- tributing stations in some of our large ecitles. This has the copper cables imbedded in a solld mass of rubber or gutta percha, with no air spaces whatever, the number of con- ductors being only three instead of 24, 0dd Bibles. THE largest Bible is said to be that in the Royal Library of Stock- holm. The covers are made of solid plank four Inches thick, and the pages, made of parchment, are & yard in length and number 309. The fa- mous “thumb Bible,” in the theologi- cal seminary at Washington, is the smallest complete Bible ever printed. A New York man’s son, a cripple, is reported to have spent several hours a day for two years transcribing a Bible. We are told that it does not contain an error in transcription and that the verses and headings are beautifully engrossed in red ink. A shorthand Bible is exhibited in London, the work of an apprentice of the days of James II, when even to possess a Bible =3s held to be an offense. An American woman owns a Bible which an ancestor of hers baked in a loaf of bread when a house-to- house search was being made for copies of the Scriptures. Drudgery. From the London News. Truth will out, even in advertise- ments, as another misprint shows: “Wanted, a general servant to dq the work of a small horsa®