Evening Star Newspaper, June 11, 1922, Page 10

i 10 FATE OF IRELAND HANGS ON ELECTION Coming Week Called Most Momentous in All Erin’s History. VOTING SET FOR FRIDAY England Profoundly Interested, as Anglo-Irish Treaty Is at Stake. BY A. G. GARDINER. Britain's Noted Liberal Editor, Special Wireless Disputch to The Star. Cops- right, 1 LONDON, June 10.—The outlook in Ireland is desperate. The coming week will be the most momentous in Irish history. Next Friday the first general election in the Irish Free State is to be held. Upon the result @epends the fate of the treaty with tain. England awaits de- velopments with profound anxiety. Apart from the inconsiderable body f of the “die hards” representcd by the Morning FPost, English opinion overwhelmingly is des peaceful issue. It accepted the treaty as a belated deliverance from a irous of a strugsle of which it has grown ashamed, and will ratify it, if possi- ble, with relief and thanksgiving. 1t the Trish people could give a free verdict, undoubtedly the treaty | would be safe. They want peace the the English. and are atis the treaty lays a foundation But the terrible events of past vears has raised the spirit of anarchy in their midst. The fear his terrorism is the reason Why ade his pact with De Valera for an agreed election. Collins’ good ; faith is unquestioned, but the com- pact with De Valera, who repudiates the treats the lIrish poople the liberty f to declare their treaty and the pro- Do istitution. Discussions are proceeding in London between the British government and representa- opinion tives of the Irish provisional Chmment on the subjéct of the draft of the constitution. If it keeps witn- in the treaty, will De Valera accept 1t? 1f not. what follows the agreed election between two balanced par which disagree on the vital issue? Contests in 20 Districts. The pact has partly collapsed. There is prospect of contests in twenty out even of the member con- s into which the Free State Independent candidates nting labor and the farme been nominated to oppose the ns and De Valera candidate: e lord mayor stands inde- a supporter of the treaty. But gra concern prevail. ible developments betwe Friday. The atmosphere is charged with electricity and the fear, , of violence is acute. If the independ- ent idates poll a substantial ma- Jority ths mischief of the pact is ninimized because for the most part they are definitely pro-treaty. or If they are freely elected the new par- liament should be assured a balance on the side of peace. But nothing can be forecast and it is significant thal ila De Valera has a walkover in “lare, Colling is opposed in county ork Meanwhile the storm in Ulster is trewing apace. Belfast is the con- stant theater of battle between Protestants and Catholics and the slaughter is serious. The provocation hers undoubtedly Orangemen. who drove the Catholics out of the shipyards. No effective mr\:u!ur"; have been taken by the i'lster government to protact the mi- nority and there is a feeling that the policy pursued is deliberately di- rected to intensify mutual passions and compel the British government fo recant its pacific policy and throw over the treaty on the ground thafMt has been dishonored, and then return to the old task of reconquering Ire- Tand. Dublin t pendently Anarchy Menacing Factor. No other construction can be placed upon the provocative proceedings in Ulster and the demand for British troops. Carson’s elevation to the ju- dicial bench robbed Ulstermen of a ero and leader, but a new hero mergad in the sinister person of Gen ir Henry Wilson. -whom Lloyd George made chief of staff during the war. He is an Orangeman of the ex- tremist type and a milltarist who scoffs at peace anywhere. He is as dangerous as he is able, and his entry into the British parliament has given the “die hards” a powerful and ruth- less figurehead, around whom every influence sworn to destroy the Free State gathers. There would be no reason to fear this if things were going well In the Free State. But anarchy there plays into the hands of the Ulster con- spiracy. It makes the English public lose confidence in a settlement and swings the moderate opinion into the Ulster scale. What of the British government? Tt has staked everything on the treaty and undoubtedly wishes to make it a success. But the rank and file of the tory party still is anti-home rule, re- sentful of the settlement and ready { to destroy it. 1 think, undoubted 1lovd George will fight hard to defeat the attempt to_involve him ‘in a re- conquest of Ireland. His volatile ca- reer has brought him around again fo liberalism. He is busy making his peace with his old followers. It is Impossible to say where he will be six months hence, for the career of a po- litical opportunist always is incalcu- lable. But at the moment it would suit his political book to smash the tory party as he smashed the liberal party. For this reason we may rely on him fight- ing his hardest to.save the treaty. In this he will be backed by the mass of English opinion. But the issue is With the Irish themselves. They can save the treaty if they want to save it —_— CUBAN CABINET CHANGES. Reorganization Expected to Affect Cnly Two Ministers. Br fhe Assoclated Press. HAVANA, June 10.—A reorganiza- tion of the Cuban cabinet s to be announced shortly, according to re- ports emanating from trustworthy sources. . The reorganization will fol- Jow a series of conferences between President Zayas and Maj. Gen. E. H. Crowder, personal reprgsentative of President Harding, over ten memo- randa “presented by Gen. Crowder making suggestions on methods for meeting pressing administration and financial problem: While it was stated that all the ministers had offered their resigna- tions, the expectation is that Presi- dent Zayas will make only two changes—in the departments of the interior and public works. —— YEAR IN CONSTITUTION. Sewanee Demands This for Aca- demic Degree. SEWANEE, Tenn., June 10.—No student hereafter shall receive an academic degree from the University of the South, according to & resolu- tion passed yesterday by the board or trustees, until he sh: pleted at least one years cours the Constitution of the United States with special of the founders of t the Interpretations of the Constitu- tion by the highest courts of the .'Qnd. s = ame from the & Marian Bent, in private lite Mrs. Russian bear mascots on S. S. Saugus, which she boarded I ugus was preparing to sail with a shipment lot of other actresses, as the § of milk, flour, clothing, etc., to Russia's children. committee for the relief of Russia THE . SUNDAY . STAR WASHINGTON D. 0, JUNE 11 HE'S A REGULAR RUSSIAN BEAR Pat Rooney, is seen feeding one of week with a starving, sent by the American CRISIS FOR RUSSIA INFATE OF LENIN Death Would Spell Chaos Possibly for All Europe, Says Harden. WORKS HARD SECRETLY German Publicist Tells of Red Leader's Tast Public Demonstration. BY MAXIVILIAN HARDEN. Germany’s Foremost Publicist. Spec able to Tie Star. BERLIN. June 10.—It was inti- mated to me over the telephone that Le either was dead or dying, but it still is impossible to confirm this news, which comes from a teliable It had been decided, in the event of death, to keep it secret until the atmosphere could be prepared, and T myself cannot doubt, consider- ing the hasty return to Moscow of Radek and Litvinoff and the deep emotion evident in communist circles, that at the very least his condition is most critical. Napoleon, when asked what people would say to his death, answered “They'll say ‘Ah! and heave a sigh source. of relief.” He little guessed he would die a prisoner, untearcd by any one I wonder \\h-*:!mr Le did not me attitude? He has for many months. reurologist, surgeon. Borchardt, was ~umm0n?'l to Moscow orted Borchardt simply act the bullet which Dora Kaplan -lodged in Lenin's shoulder, but calling our greatest brain opera- tor for such a simple task smacked of the customs of the czar and not of Lenin's simplicity. Other indica- tions also suggested a brain examina- tion was impending. Shortly before Lenin had made the speech, which possibly may have been his last, which showed his majestic common: sense, tellipg the bolshevists unspar-y many bitter truths. “We do not know how to govern, and any clerk compgehends trade ‘economies better than you commun-; ists who risked your lives in the revolution,” he said. “Instead of flaunting your party doctrines, you must learn how to administer and| provide the people with life's neces- sitles, otherwise the hungry peasants will send us all to the devi Works Hard Behind Scenes. This was the last time he was seen 1 public, but behind the scenes he has worked harder than ever, for never was a party so torn by flerce quarrels. Nobody knew this outside, and_the grandiloquent world judges at Genoa did not realize on what a volcanic foundation the Russian dele- gation stood. ¢ | drals, Though Petrograd, | threatening secession and riotous se- cret meetlngs were held almost nightly in Moscow among those plan- ning revolt against the soviet policy of compromise with capitatism, con- cessfons, etc., this fury was restrained by one magic word—Lenin. All be- lieved in him, respected and loved | him—even the opponents of his new | poliey. Viadimir Ilyitch Ulianoff, called enin_in al and literary life -time Russian nobility i ind the hieart and brain of the great- est revolution of all history. The time is not now to speak of his work and character. What's important now is what comes after him. Nobody can replace him. Marx's doctrine of eco- nomic determination mocking _per- sonality falls down here and shows what one man's leadership is worth |in stormy times. Trotsky, with his steel will and abundant intelligence, was the organizer of the red army. | Menshevik before the war was dis- putatious, obstinate and capricious, and sometimes has been accused of inclining to the grand duke's stand- ard of living. Litvinoff, Krassin, {Simoneff and Radek are not of the highest type of Russian. All lack the hundredth part of Lenin's art of rul- ing. The latter alone could dare give the peasants 95 per cent of the so- called nationalized property; abandon communism’s outward Signs; reopen {money circulation for private trade, | banks and the stock exchange; seize church treasures; even convoke the resisting priests, including the hon- ored patriarch, Tychon, before a revo- lutionary tribunal. He alone could be forgiven by the radicals for granting concessions to the foreign “profiteers, exploiters of the proletariat, who must be humiliated and enslaved,” as the revolutionary program provided, and he alone could have achieved a transition to real democracy with a coalition government. Lenin's Views General Almost everybody belleved that what Lenin thought necessary was ndeed necessary. The peasants, I\Aorkingmen‘ even those whom he 4 affectionately called ' and this pet name shows how they loved him. who never |tired working in his shabby coat amidst the Kremlin's ancient splen- dor, among the three holiest cathe- under Czar Ivan’s sanctified bell tower, where Ilyitch might have become in reality what the people's jimagination made him—god of all, the Russian czar of the new dynasty. The Romanofts themselves once be- longed to the small aristocracy, and the half-mystical Czar Rurik the First came from Viking lands. But Lenin, unlike Napoleon,. had no de- sire for such a fame, 80 the world, before sighing relief at his death, should pause—for after him {s chaos, {unless the earths wisest powers pre- vent it by careful management of the ! Russian minds and customs. There lunl be separate, dissimilar govern- ments, civil wars, dictatorship of | more than one peasant prophet, com- | plete devastation of the vast terri- { tory whete today 25,000,000 are dying {and 80,000,000 are destitute and re- turning to cannibalism. However, so long as his death is kept secret, bol- shevism remains, but it cannot sur- vive Lenin, as everything falls with him. Ail Genoa's cunningness, the incon- | sruous Rapallo treaty, The Hague conference, becomes old lumber, scrap iron and waste paper. Never In mod- ern times has 2 single individual's death entalled such dangers. They are not only for Europe, for it is a question whether Japan won't take advantage of Russia’s chaos, and Eu- rope, which has staked all on Rus- ruled blunderingly by Simoneff, was sia’s reconstruction, could not survive FRENCH DEMANDS BASED UPON NEED Tardieu Tells Why “We Want Germany to Pay, and You Would, Too.” GIVES DEFICIT IN-FRANCE Itilitary Expenditures Have Steadily Grown Smaller, Says . Former Official. BY ANDRE TARDIEU, Former French High Commissiener to Ameriea. Bpecial Wireless to The Star. PARIS, June 10.—Figures make tough reading, but In these serious times, especially among friends, the need for sound knowledge on which to base mutual understanding 1s im- perative. I desire today to discuss our financial situation, particularly the reduction for military purposes. Our ordinary budget for 1923 totals 23,179 million. francs, against 19,285 millions estimated receipts, or a deficit of nearly 3,900 millions. The extraordinary budget for pensions and reconstruction totals 23,084 mil- lion francs. Fifty-two per cent of the ordinary budget represents a service of debt and If we continue to borrow to pay Germany's obligations this enormous proportion will grow larger. War Expenses Small. It often is sald that our army and navy absorb the greater part of our resources, but the truth is that com- pared with our pre-war record our military increases are smaller than other countries, as the following tables show: thus our military ex- penditures, including the gendarmerie, which really is g police and not & military force, have steadily decreas- ied since the armistice—1913, 1,807 llnllllolh. 1918, 36,120 milllons; 1920, 7,648 millions; 1921, 6,912 millions; 1922, 4,910 millions, and 1923, 4,800. In other words, compared with 1913, our military expenditures increased 266 per cent, whereas the general cost of living increased over 300 per cent. My next table shows how France's military expense increase is less than that of other nations, for against France's 266 per cent increase we have the United States increasing 340; Japan, 332; Great Britain, 274; Denmark, 359; Norway, 5 etherlands, 213 Switzer- 1and, l!! and Sweden, 144. The fig- v show that France, which has enormous responsibilities for maintaining the peace, has not in- creased her military budget abno: mally, her increases. being less th: the United States, Great Britai ftaly, Japan and Denmark, while our civil expenses also have been reduced. Comparisons Notable. In 1913 our civil list totaled 1,904,- 000,000 francs; 19; 7.000,000; 1921, 9,953,000,000; 19; 000,000; 1923, 000,000 My final table will show that the worm that is_eating our finances is reparations. We have spent for re- construction, pensions and occupation troops in Silesia and on the Rhine in 1918, 5,952,000,000 francs; 1919, 15,481,- 000,000; 1920, 22,279,000,000; 1921, 21,423, ,000; 1922, 4,084,000,000. Any comment would be worse than superfluous, so I will add, first, we cannot greatly Increase our taxes, which have mounted from four and one-half billlon francs in 1913 to more than twenty billions in 19 secondly, we cannot borrow foreve: for the interest on loans already ab- sorbs 52 per cent of our receipts. That's why we want Germany to pay, and you would also if you were in our place. (Copyright, 1922.) CHICAGO JANITORS GUILTY President of Union and Nine Others Convicted of Extortion. CHICAGO, June 10.—William Quesse, president of the Chicago Flat Jani- tors’ Unlon, and nine co-defendants wera found gullty by a jury of con- spiracy to extort money from flat fixed by the jury at a penitentiary sentence, which, ac- cording to the statute, may be from one to five years. According to evidence presented at the trial, the defendants took ad- vantage of those obliged to hire the services of members of the janitors' union to force their demands for “fines” on the house owners in pay- ment of alleged infractlons of union rules. - e such days without shaking to her foundations. This blood-red sun suddenly dis- icloses new tasks for our continent, and' woe betide if we do not decide quickly to drop all national strife and hasten aotive reconciliation. Can America—dare she—in her own interest, wait to see whether Europe will realize her peril in time? (Copyright, 1922.) in a hurry” worry—convert ENGLANDER Link Spring and Comn Mattress. homekeepers with this unusual couch bed, it i Sold Eveywhere by Furniture and Departiyent Stores, Write ‘for fres illustrated Booklet 2. ENGLANDER SPRING BED CO. 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