Evening Star Newspaper, March 5, 1922, Page 33

' THE 'SUNDAY STAR, WASHIN TON, D. C, MARCH 5, 1922_PART 2. bt & LEARNING METHODS |THE S OF YANKEE FARMERS Tillers of Soil in Argentina Eager for Bul- letins I§sued by United States De- partment of Agriculture. BY BEN McKELWAY. NDER direction of Ambassador Le Breton, the Argentine em- bassy here is carrying on a piece of work interesting in 1ts possibilities as well as for the suc- cess which already has marked the undertaking. It consists, briefly, in skimming the cream of perfection from agricultural knowledge and methods in this country and sending the product, slightly changed, direct to the farmers of the Argentine. It might be said here, before going on With the story, that through this work the embassy is doing more to adver- tise the United States in Argentina than would be accomplished by a whote boatload of propaganda, and hoth countries are benefited in the transaction. Argentina is primarily an agricul- tural country, and its development will be closely allied with the progress ot AMBASSADOR LE BRETON. seientific agriculture. Since his as- signment to the United States, Am- bassador Le Breton has taken a deep interest in the work of the Depart- ment of Agriculture and, in addition to his duties as representative of one of the most progressive of the South American republics, he has originated and developed a program for promot- 1z agricultural knowledge in Argen- a that is already bearing fruitful Tesults. About a year ago Senor Car- los A. Vallejo was assigned to the embassy and came here direct from Argentina as its first agriculiural at- tache. A specialist in agriculture himself, he has taken over the execu- tive direction of the embassy staff now engaged in the task mentioned above—the collection of the best and most valuable of what is known con- cerning agriculture and its phases in the United States and preparing the facts for use in Argentina. S N O The United States Department of, /Azriculture has dome a wonderful + work of helpfulness to the American farmer in its preparation of exhaus- tive bulletins on almost every ogn- ceivable subject which touches on farming. Ambassador Le Breton rec- ognized the value of these publica- tions. and their translation into Span- ish, with modifications here and there for use by Argentine farmers. has heen undertaken on a large scale;by the embassy stafl. Hundreds of bul- letins, on many different subjects. have been prepared at the embassy and shipped to Argentina for distri- bution the government. The ma- . are sent direct to the farmer of the Argentine instead of through bu- reaus, which have been found to de- lay their proper circulatio The demand for them is increasing. and embassy officials say the popu- larity is only partially indicated in fhe hundreds of letters from the farmera Themselves requesting more detailed | information on subjects touched on in | the bulletins. All these publications are credited to the United States De- partment of “Agriculture, and all of them describe methods used in the TUnited States. So the farmer of the .\_r:enllne is becoming familiar with Yankee practices and customs, and it is a pretty safe bet that he is go- ing to buy American farming ma- inery in place of that offered by a European competitor. * * %k X The work of the embassy does-not stop at the translation of bulletins. Two years ago there were three or four agricultural journals of high standing in Argentina. When Senor | ValleJo joined the embassy staff here he undertook to write .articles on American farming methods and sent them to the agricultural publica- tions. The papers devoured them-—£ and so did the readers, for within two years something like twenty fl!w' et Y b e e e e e DL DN B B QLN T farming journals have been estab- lished in Argentina, and many of them allot the majority of their space to articles prepared for them by members of the Argentine embassy in Washington. A glance at their advertising indicates a large circu- lation, and the fact that so many new publications have found instant suc- cess proves their popularity. Through the press the Argentine embassy is reaching thousands of farmers. The articles are not con- fined to agricultural magazines en- tirely, for the daily papers give prom- inent position and generous space to matter sent from the Washington em- bassy. Discounting all but mere rep- etition, it is easy to see the effect of this system of propagating education. Argentina bids fair to model her ag- ricultural methods on those of the United States. Now there are a great many farm- ers in the United States who don't care fiddlesticks about a Department of Agriculture bulletin, partly be- cause of their lack of education a.d partly because of tneir unwillingness to take up new-fangled notions. The same is true in Argentina. The farm- er has to be reached by something he can see growing in the ground. So the embassy here has been sending them seed—sced from champion stock grown in the United States, for the farmers are supplied direct, in_addi- tion to the government experiment stations. ‘The upper floor of the big Argentine embassy building on Corcoran street the other day looked something like the farmer's barn loft when he’s get- ting out his seed for spring sowing. There were big bags of seed for wheat, peas, rye and other crops, tied up and ready for shipment into nearly every part of Argentina. The wheat seed cost the embassy $8 a bushel. It came from stock which won the grand prize at a Chicago show not long ago. ‘The ' embassy wired for a certain quantity of this wheat the other day and received a reply rather typical of the Yankee farmer—these days, es- pecially, when he takes no chance. It said: “Send us the money first and we'll send you the seed.” The seed is sent free to the Ar- gentine farmer. One of them cabled the embassy not long ago for $100 worth of a certain seed. The money was also cabled. The embassy re- turned the $100 and is sending the seed. This looks like a pretty good way of helping the Argentine farm- ers and building up a demand for American products at the same time. * X k% Have you ever eard of kutzu? Kutzu is a great thing in Japan. It belonss to the alfalfa family, and they say it grows wherever the seed is sown. In addition to providing nutritious fodder for live stock, the kutzu grows from a root that contains a valuable starch, used in Japan In the prep- aration of bread and pastry. The embassy here decided to start the kutzu growing in Argentina. But only eight seeds were obtainable in the United States. They were sent ot the department of agriculture in Argentina, which has already pro- duced plants from them whose re- nown has spread in this shost time. So the embassy sent all the way to Japan for a supply of the seed, which arrived in Washington last week and is now on its way to Argentina. One of the interesting develop- ments of this scheme s the way in which the farmers in Argentina have been brought into direct contact with the Washington embassy. They are writing letters by the ‘score, which contain requests for-all sorts of in- formation. And the embassy staff finds it difficult to keep up with the correspondence on agriculture alone, wot to mention matters of state. Not Jong ago an Argentine farmer cabled the embassy here to send him an American _poultry brooder, with a capacity for 1,000 chicks. 'The em- bassy cabled back advising him that the American farmer would use three brooders with capacities of 330 or so chicks eac The farmer cabled back to_get m_ and send them along. When such business between farm- ers and an ambassador is carried on by cable there is interest and demand back of it. * * k% A long time ago the native Indians in certain parts of Argentina were proficient in the art of weaving. Home weaving was a principal in- dustry and the Indians paid their taxes to the Spanish conquerors for many years with the product of their roughly maude looms. Now that the slump in the wool business of Argentina has brought about a c , a systematic effort is being made to revive this home weaving by teaching it in the s¢hools. Senor Clemente Onelli, director of the zoological gardens in Buenos Aires, who is described by the Argentine ambassador as one of the most pro- gressive men of his country, is a student of the old Indian life of Ar- gentina, and thoroughly familiar with the art of weaving as they practiced it. It is under his direction that weaving is being tawght in the schools, with the idea in view of re- storing an old industry and creating a productive employment for labor. Mr. Le Breton has sent Senor Onelli a description of the looms used in the Washington schools for instruction work and a bulletin on how weaving is_taught here. The ambassador has just received a number of samples of the work of Argentine school children, which he intends to place on view, with the Argentine exhibit in the Pan-Amer- fcan Union. Many Millions in War Claims Against Germany to Be Adjusted (Continued from First Page.) wor to Germany could any American | «claim against the central powers be | considered or settled. All are outside | the $11,000,000.000 owing the United States from the allies: nevertheless the payment of these ciaims by Ger- gmany and Austria may have an fm- portant bearing on the activity of {the reparation commission, and the -ultimate economic reconstruction of ‘Hurope. * * ¥ *x These American claims against the central powers, according to the of- ficial report, number 1,253, aggregat- ing in amount $221,231.465. In addi- tion there are claims of about $127,- 5 (at par) for military requisi- jons and damage to property of American citizens in Rumania at the time of the German invasion of that country in 1916. These are claims of private citizens and do not inclufle any claims of the United States gov- eranment for the loss of Shipping Board vessels, for the pay of soldiers in the army of occupation (amount- icg to about $300,000,000) or any other strictly government claims. Pre-war claims, numpering 135, and aggregating $15,865.756, arose out of the destruction of the Lus tania. In addition there are 16 bel- ligerent claims amounting to $205,346. This makes a total of 150 claims, amounting to more than $16.000,000, for loss of life, mainly in the Lusl tania disaster. Claims for alleged losses and personal injuries number 6, amounting to $2.395.553, Of this amount slightly less than one-half are pre claims the balance bel- Jigerent claims. Claims fes aileged Josses arising from the sinking of vessels number 100, and amount to $30,411,000 — $6,604,000 prewar and $23,807,000 belligerent claims. Claims alleged fo be due insurance companies and similar organizations (including the bureau of war risk in- surance) are about $85.000,000—$34,- 349,000 prewar and $50,734,000 bellig- erent. Among the heaviest prewar losses of this character are those sustained by several American cor- porations which had valuable prop- erty interests in Rumania. * ok ok * Not included In these claims “enu- merated, and various items of alleged losses sustained by the United States, such as: Cargoes, $36,185.000; war vessels of the’ United States, $12,- 958,000; naval auxiliaries, $1,566,000; Department of Labor caring for Ger- man officers, $900,000; War Depart- ment expenses In caring for prison- ers of war In the United States $3,- 305,000; expenses of Department of Justice handling enemy aliens in the United _States, $1,032,000; United States Navy expenses in restoring damaged Interned ships, $6,961,000; United States demurrage charges against damaged German vessels, $3,- 584,000; relief of American submarine et $250,000—a total \of $30,- Property belonging to many Ameri- cans was selzed by the German army at the outbreak of the war, both in Germany and in the countries invad- ed by the German army. A great deal of valuable American property in Bel- glum was either seized for military purposes. or damaged or destroyed during the German occupation of Belgium. Much, valuable American 7 ! | l BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most import- ant news of the world for the - seven days ended March 4: - United States of America—There l is a new bonus plan, called the “insurance certificate payment plan”; a sort of cross between the cash bonus plan and the pald-up insurance plan. Under this new plan the war veteran would re- ceive a paid-up twenty-year policy for the amount it had been pro- posed to give him in cash, plus 40 per cent thereof. Immediately on its issue the beneficiary might borrow from a bank up to 50 per cent of the face value of his policy. ,» Three years after issue he might borrow from the Treasury up to 80 per cent of its face value, with compound interest at 3% per cent. A policy of $500 would, at maturity (20 years from date of issue) be worth $1,400. The above seems to be the most important feature of the latest plan, but as day follows day, fresh modifications appear: or rather, perhaps, certain details are elab- orated. 1t is proposed, I under- stand, to pay at once in cash those who under the original cash propo- sition were to.receive a bonus not greater than $50. About $16,000,000 would be required for that pur- pose. It is estimated that the ulti- mate total cost of the plan would be about $5.000.000.000. On February 28 the President in person submitted to Jongress as- sembled in joint session his rec- ommendations for government aid to the merchant marine. He pro- posed sale of the Shipping Board fleet at world market prices. He proposed direct subsidies (based on_tonnage, mileage and speed) and sundry indirect aids to the mer- chant marine. ‘The maximum year’s subsidy total, he said, has been estimated at about $32,- 000,000; no very appalling sum. ‘The indirect aids proposed are as important as the direct subsidies, including linking up of the steam- ship lines with the railroads, crea- tion of a construction loan fund from sale of the Shipping Board fleet, from which fund shipbuilders might borrow at 2 per cent, etc. 1 hope to find space hereafter for discussion of the bill embody- ing the President's recommenda- tions; for the matter is of first importance. Not the least impres- sive ‘of the considerations com- mending the bill are: That it pro- posfes to insure a large body of na- tive seamen as in our glorious clipper days, and that it proposes to insure important shipbuilding facilities against the event of war, s0 partially offsetting the effect of the new naval policy on our naval shipyards. On the 2d Felix Cordova-Davila, resident commissioner from Porto Rico, addressed the House, prefer- ring a_number of charges against Gov. E. Mont Reily of Porto Rico and demanding a congressional in- vestigation of the latter's admin- tration. Mr. Cordova-Davila charges Gov. Reily with removing competent officials without justifi- cation and with appointing in- competent persons in their stead; with false statements and accusa- tions; with unlawful interference with the courts and intimidation of judges; with flouting the or- { ~ but a little vague as to Gov. Reily's pre-Porto Rican official career. Whether the House committee insular affairs will be directed make the investigation asked for remains to be seen. The American tendency to go to extremes is, in the oplnion of many, illustrated by the action of the House appropriations commit- tee in reporting out a deficiency item for fuel for the Navy of only half the amount asked for by Sec- retary Denby. Should the House prove no more liberal than the committee, practically the entire Navy, it is alleged, will lie at dock or moorings during the remainder of the fiscal year, except for target practice. ‘The ‘Washington conference treaties were favorably reported to the Senate by the foreign rela- tions committee, without amend- ment or reservation, except for the Brandegee reservation to the four- power treaty (“no commitment to armed force, no alliance, no obliga- tion to join in any defense”). De- bate waxes hot over the four-pow- er treaty. On_March 1 the Senate ratified the Yap treaty. In his address to Congress recom- mending aid to the merchant ma- rine the President. wapmly ex- pressed approval of the project of a great lakes-St. Lawrence water- way for deep-sea vessels. The Masons of the United States are to erect a superb memorial building in honor of Washington the Mason on a ridge at Arlington, Va. From the summit of the tower a vast prospect of Washington's country will be unfolded. * Xk Kk Ok The British Empire.—Lloyd George recently sent a letter to Austen Chamberlain, head of the conservatives in parliament, in which (the letter has not been made public, but its substance probably is correctly reported) he declared that, owing to the un- friendly activities of the “die- hard” section of the party in par- liament, headed by Sir George Younger, he was not getting the support he required from the con- servative branch of the coalition, and that in consequence he might be constrained to resign. As may be expected, this declaration has caused a tremendous sensation, important confabs, multitudinous buzzings. Prediction of a general election in the near future be- comes more confident. A plausible way out of the difficuity is sug- gested; namely, to silence the arch- trouble-maker, Sir George Young- er, by kicking him upstairs, i.e. by making him a lord. Yourger and his like are particularly keen on the so-called “reform” of the house of lords—by whicl is chiefly meant restoration to that body of the power of veto over legisla- tion. The conversations in London be- tween Griffith and other Irishmen and members of. the British cabi- net over the ard fheis agreement reassured both British and Irish. After a brief and stormy session the dail eireann has been adjourn- ed to April 25. The Free State party showed a marked accession of strength, winning in divisions by unexpectedly large majorities. Miss MacSwiney and the Countess Markiewicz indulged in continu- ous heckling. There have been two instances of insubordination in the Irish republican army of some magnitude—refusals to ac- cept control by the provisional government. Mr. Muleahy, formerly chief of staff of the Irish republican army and now a member of the provi- sional government of the Free State, told the dail the other day that these cases were being ef- fectively dealt with, that all mili- tary and police posts vacated by - the British are being taken over by the Irish republican army, and that “the provisional government is given assurance that the troops occupying such posts shall not use their power to interfere with the expressian of the people’s will at the pendifig general election and will not turn their arms against any government elected by the people at that election.” The dail was particulraly at- tentive to that statement. On February 28 Lloyd George announced to the house of com- mons that the British protectorate over Egypt would be terminated upon signature by a responsible Egyptian government of the agreement practically embodying the conditions laid down in the offer of November last. Some ad- ditional concessions are made to “gavey the Egyptian “face” but, as I see it, the conditions are essentlally the same. In language of singular clarity and directness Lloyd George said to the other powers: “Hands off Egypt.” . It augurs well for a settlement on the basis proposed by the British_that at last a new Egyp- tian cabinet-has been formed. * ok % % Germany.—A provisional agree- ment between the allied repara- tions commission and the German fovernment provides for payment Ny Germany during the current yaar of 720,000,000 gold marks, and the value of 1,450,000,000 gold marks in kind. According to the Paris Temps, the net payments made by Germany to date amount to 6,500,000,000 gold marks, most of this money going to costs of military occupation. . The agreement was signed In Bérlin by representatives of the German government and of the reparations commission, but fs conditional on ratification by the full bodies represented by the signerg. * K % % Chi The pay of the Chinese navy being six months in arrears, the admiral of the fleet, after pre- vious notification to the Peking government of his intention, pro- ceeded with his fleet (the entire Chinese navy—two light cruisers, two gunboats, two torpedo boats and one transport) to a certain port and helped himself to the precise amount due the mnavy ($700,000), from the salt revenues deposited there. It is reported that more than 6,000,000 people in the Chinese provinces of Kiangsu, Chekiang and Nganhui are threatened with starvation, owing to extraordinary floods which have destroyed a con- siderable portion of the rice crop. The total railroad construction in China is less than 7,000 miles, in- cluding 1,857 miles in Manchuria. * k Xk ok Lloyd George and Polncare.— Llovd George and Poincare met at Boulogne on February The communique on the meeting states that the premiers agreed that there TORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD | | i i should be no encroachment at the Genoa conference “on the rights of the league of nations, mor on the treaties signed in France since the peace, nor on the rights of th allles with regard to reparations’ that they agreed to a meeting of experts in London shortly to de- termine the “economic and tech- nical” agenda for the conference: that they agreed to postponement of the opening of the conference to April 10; that they reafirmed cor- dially the Anglo-French entente. Later rumor has it that the con- ference will be postponed to April 25, on account of Easter week. 1t i3 still asserted that at Genoa Lloyd George will propose a ten- year European truce, but against earlier reports the most recent re- ports say that, yielding to Poin- care’s representations, he will not at Genoa propose reduction of land armaments, but will leave that matter to the league of nations, whose efforts would doubtless be greatly assisted by a truce. The league disarmament commission will bave its plan of land arma- ment reduction ready for the league assembly meeting in Sep- tember. Later reports aver also that-the Anglo-French military compact is to run for twenty vears (instead of ten, as agreed between Lloyd George and Briand), and that the two governments are to pledge themselves “to act in accord in case of trouble on the eastern frontier of Germany”—in _plain language, to protect Poland against German aggression. Brit- ish acceptance of such a clause would be a cardinal-bird's feather i re's cap. L Miscellaneous.—The unusual snowfall this winter in Hungary has been very hard on the wolves, whose only food is an occasional woodcutter. Signor Fasta has formed a new Italian cabinet. Already there seem to be indications of its in- stability. Fiume is again in turmoil. Fas- cistl revolutionists have ousted the constitutional government and have established a provisional gov- ernment of their own; vi et armis, with some shedding of blood. ‘The forced labor law of Bulgaria makes no distinction of persons. Male and female, boulevardier and peasant, the colonel's lady and Judith O'Grady are all lumped to- gether and shall know equal sweat o' the brow. Forced labor takes the place of the former army con- scription. The long-talked-of conference on the near east between the foreign ministers or other representatives of Great Britain, France and Italy continues to be postponed, as one date after another is set. A treaty to supersede the Sevres treaty is expected to be the outcome of the conference, when it comes off. It is reported that the Standard 0fl Company of New Jersey and the Anglo-Persian 0il Company are about to form a joint company for the development of the oil flelds of northern Persia. What percentage of the profits the Per- sian_government (which is very hard up) is to receive has not been disclosed. The benefits of the four-power treaty were extended to the Neth- erlands and Portugal by identical notes, dated February 4, from the governments of the United States, Great Britain and Japan. ganic law, etc. He is unpleasant, ' property available for war purposes was promptely taken by the German army. American property in northern France was also lost or damaged. Alleged losses from submarines amount to $110,254,000. This includes loss of life, personal injuries, loss of hulls, cargoes and personal effects, war risk insurance, losses due to sub- marine raiders and mines. Claims for millitary requisitions and damage to property amount to $10,209.000. Claims for personal injuries, arrest, dation awd forced loans, amount 1o $200,000. Claims for sequestration cases, damage to property in Ger- many, including loss. use, sale, liqu dation and forced loans amount to $46,066,000. _ Miscellanvous claims amount to § .000. This makes a {otal of $169,359.000. Add to this other items if converted ‘into dollars at| ordinary value of the respective coins. amounting to about $107.390,000, the | total is $180,098,000. To this must be added 518 elaims filed, amounting to $41,133,000, making a grand total of 3 claims, and statements of loss 1.2 or intentions of filing claims, aggre- gating § 31,000, about. In this reckoning no account is taken of the} expenses of the American l.?rlmy“ :’1{ in Germany, which w ot to api $300,000,000. unt to approximately A etary losses sustained by the Shippiug Board on account of sinking of ‘shius by submarines amount to about $18.839,000. The Germans de- stroyed ‘American steamship: and salling vessels, a total of 137, or 430,489 tons. * ok x The treatment of American prop- erty of various descriptions in Ger- many will furnish possible sources of further claims. Several thousands of citizens have filed with the depart- ment statements describing their property in Germany and giving an estimate of its value. This is the owners' estimate: Real estate, $10.- 071,000: debts and accounts recelv- able, $29.267,000; securities, $67.183, 200:" deposits, $30,951,000; miscellane- ous nroperty. §49,910,000; inheritance, ete 34.563,000. Total, $191,147.000. Since January 11, 1920, American citizens have been able to obtain the possession of real estate and certain Slasses of personal property, but have | been unable to odhlamn!he release of ash or depos! 3 T 613 cases in which American prisoners of war lost property in Ger- Many or suffered other injuries or Josses while- prisoners have been brought to the attention of the proper American authorities. To claims of personal property are added claims for cruelty, neglect, lack of food and medicine, ill treatment, enforced la- bor, ste. The amount of property thus claimed to have been lost is more than $12,500,000. The amount of American property located in Germany which was se- Questered by the German government | amounts to $190.000,000. To offset this the United States alien property cus-| todian has in his custody German | property sequestered amounting to | $400,000,000. In addition, the United States Tiolds forty ships with a ton- 400,850. n&l“hge:: are some of the readjustment problems the State Department, Con- gress, a commission and Ambassador Houghton will be called upon to solve in the near future. Arg Collegians Cultured? From the New York Sun. The average college graduate is not a person of culture, says Dr. John H. Latane, dean of Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, in addressing a meeting of teachers at Swarthmore. He laments that “in sowing education to the masses we are lowering the standards.” Along with the extension of educa- tional opportunities has come increas- ing criticism of the classical tradition. It is contended that the college should fit the student for a place in‘the world, for a profession or trade. In order to do this, some seem to think, it must drop the old sort of culture. Pursuit of learning for its own sake, for purposes not utilitarian, is asso- ciated historically with a leisure class. 1t has come to be considered somehow out of place in an age in which nearly every one does some useful work. But this distinct separation of culture and craftsmanship, of end and means, would tend to do away with the best uses of leisure. It assumes that earn- ing a living is the whole living, where- as it ought to be the means to Hving. One's-trade should not be one's entire existence. One's occupatioh may be an art, a kind of culture in itself, but this can hardly justify ignoring all the other arts. ARMY AND NAVY BY CAPT. ARTHUR G. DUNCAN, U. S. NEWS - — THE ARMY - | > Gen. Pershing, in his determination that outstanding features of the or- ganization of the Army of the United States, as provided in the national defense act, will be clearly under- stood by officers of the Regular Army inittated a series of lectures last week under the direction of Col. M. B. Stew- art, chief of the organization of mo- bilization branch of the general staff. Seven lectures were given to officers in all departments and branches of the service. It was the assumption of the lec- turer that officers in the study of the national defense act chiefly confined their attention to portions of the act relating to their particular work. That, in general, a great deal of thought has not been given by indi- viduals to the general organization or the responsibilities of the War De- partment in connection thereto. Progress in the new organization, the speaker declared, has been satisfac- tory, with the exception of the Reg- ular’ Army componcnt, which, due to reduction and uncertainty, is in a state of flux. Organization of Na- tional Guard divisions, it was stated, is all that could be reasonably ex-| pected, and that the organized re- serves Is in_its initial state. While the national defense act prescribes the strength and organization of the Regular Army and National Guard, the strength of the organized reserves is left to the discretion of the Presi- dent. Tts organization is prescribed as in conformity to that of the Regu-: lar Army. Describing the force fixed by the War Department for the initial mo- bilization in six field armies, compris- ing the Regular Army, National Guard and organized reserves, the lecturer briefly explained by maps and charts the distribution of vari- ous divisions comprising the various arms of the service. Allotments of Regular Army units to the National Guard and, in a lesser degree, to the organized reserves were made in ac- cordance Wwith the principle that names, numbers and other designa- tions of the subordinate units that served in the world war be perpetu- ated as far as possible; that a prop- erly balanced force be organized, pre- cluding the necessity for disruption and reorganization in the event of war, and that units already in exist- ence be inciuded without change in the new allotments. Despite the great difficulty in find- ing the necessary number of regular officers experienced in organization work, and the lack of funds neces- mary for their travel or commutation. difficulties are being overcome. At present there is 2 total of 256 officers now on duty, and the organization is golng forward with gratifying rapid- ity. More than 11,000 reserve officers have befn assigned to units. Unlike the National Guard, which is under & bureau, the organized reserves are a federal force and must be provided for and administered in exactly the same manner as the Regular Army, and in future each activity of the War Department must be prepared to take over its proper share of the responsi- bility for the development of this component. Briefly outlining the idea of organ- ized reserve units, it was pointed out that it 18 not contemplated these units will ever be filled to anything like full strength, the idea being to provide a skeleton organizatiog made up of cadres, each with its comple- ment of officers and non-commission- ed officers, with perhaps a few of the more important specialists. These cadres will be the molds into which the draft would be poured in emer- geney. ‘With the reduction which the Reg- ular Army has suffered and that in prospect, it was declared that the mis- sion likely to suffer most is the ex- peditionary force; therefore, it was pointed out, “the only thing that can be done iz to deyelop the citigzen com- ponents to a degree of efficlency where they can supplement the b L 4 | meager Regular Army force.” With the organized reserve available only in event of national emergency, the National Guard is the only compon- ent now available to meet the needs of the federal government. With each decrease in the Regular Army. the necessity for greater effort with the National Guard increases, al- though that component would fall far short of the strength required for a major emergency. To supple- ment the guard there remains nothing but the organized reserves. since it constitutes the second eschelon of our national defense. Making a strong appeal to ever: efficer and man in the Regular Arm to take a vital interest in the new or- ganization, the speaker emphasized the vital necessity of building up the two citizen components. Which, he stated, “constitute an army founded on the purest principles of democracy, the sort of an army that goes with our kind of government. It's the kind of an army the peopte of this country want, the kind of an army that it is our duty to provide for the people. te Favors Disabled Office; a vote of 50 to 14, Se: By the bill passed the Senate which makes| eligible for retirement under the same conditions as now provided for offi- cers of the Regular Army all officers not of the regulars who served in the world war and who in the line of duty incurred not lées than a 30 per cent permanent disability. The bill, which since its inception met the op- position of the War Department, will, if passed by the House, charge the United States Veterans' Bureau with the duty of deciding when an officer not of the regulars 1s 30 per cent dis- abled and therefore entitled to the benefits of the bill. It is reported that Senafor Bursom, author of the bill, is in favor of the bill's amend- ments, which provide similar relief to some 400 disabled volunteer officers who served either in the Spanish- American war, the Philippine insur- rection_or the China relief expedi- tion. Funds for the bill, if passed by the Congress, will not be charged to War Department appropriations. as is the case of disabled officers of the Regular Army, but instead will be paid from war risk appropriations. Afr Service. Covering the distance between Washington and Dayton, 440 miles, at an average speed of 147 miles per hour, that.record, made by Lieut. C. V. Haynes, A. C., on March 4, 1921, may be considered a record non-stop flight between those cities. The ship used was a DH-4B messenger, the trip consuming two hours and fifty-five minutes. The new class of officers and cadets have recently reported at Carlstrom fleld for pilot training. Only about half a dozen officers and seventy-five cadets have reported. About 25 per cent of the cadets are from the en- listed personnel of the air service and 75 per cent from civil life. Orders have been issued at Mather fleld covering the discharge of mem- bers of the first class of cadets. These men are being discharged to accept commissions in the Officers’ Reserve Corps. All express a desire to continue in the service as cadets or as officers, but no provision has been made to answer the desires of capable pilots whose enthusiasm for flying is self-evident. This rclass of cadets made the forest patrol possi- ble through the seagon of 1921, the patrol covering the states of Oregon, Washington and California. A large radio outfit, consisting of a Navy vacuum tube transmitting set, with two eighty-foot steel towers. has been received at Mather fleld. When set up, the apparatus will have a day- 1ight range of 1,260 miles continuous waves, a 250-mile daylight range for. wireless telephone and 1,260-mile day- light range continuous waves for buz- zer modulation. The arrival of this new set has aroused increased inter- est among both the old and new sol-| diers in the study of radio. The men of the 316th Observation Squadron of the 91st Division, Organ- ized Reserves, A. C., have been ordered to appear at.Crissy fleld for'the pur- pose of repairing the headquarters 1 i | ! | | cember. ia second. building and hangar recently assign- ed to the squadron. When the work is completed the unit will receive six airplanes that have been assigned (0 it. @ ‘The new device developed by the avy which accurately measures ocean depths with sound apparatus is quite similar in principle to that effected during the war for the detec- tion of submarines. Its use is that of creating a sound on the ship and listening for the echo of this sound from the bottom, measuring the time between the creation of the sound and the return of the echo. So care- fully constructed is the device that this interval can be obtained as ac- curately as one-thousandth of a sec- nd. Heretofore different investigs tions of the velocity of sound in water i show considerable discrepancy, it be- ing quoted by various authorities all the way from 4,200 feet to 5,000 feet S The new device of the Navy, however, in addition to meas- uring depth of water, measuring the velocity of sound water over known ranges of consid- erable distance. Simple to operate, the device can be used on a ship steaming at a hign rate of speed. Soundings can be taken as rapidiy as desired. even up to intervals as small as 100 feet or more. Secretary Denby stated that after a little more investigation it will be possible to construct a very cheap device, which can be easily in. stalled on merchant ships and will prove of great benefit to navigators, especially in foggy or thick weather. when ships have to rely to a consid- erable extent upon the taking of soundings. With the sound apparatus developed by the Navy the navigator knows instantly the depth and can cause measurements to be made con- tinuously, so as to show immediately any change in depth. Airplane Carriers Advoeated. If the recommendation of Assistant Secretary Theodore Roosevelt before the House committee on naval affairs is carried out, the Navy. by convert- ing two battleship cruisers. will pos- sess two of the largest and swiftest afrplane carriers afloat. By Col. Roosevelt's plan, two battle cruisers now in the process of construction will, if converted, provide the car- riers with flving decks, 900 by 106 teet in area,’and with a speed of ap- proximately thirty-four knots. In order to take advantage of the maxi- mum flying decks, the smokestacks will be on one side of the vessels. Due to the storage capacity, it was explained that 125 airplanes could be taken care of on each one of the con- verted ships. Col. Roosevelt declared that the policy would save the gove ernment between $18,000,000 and $20,000.000. He explained how, under. | a” special agreement approved by the arms conference, this could be done without violating the naval treaty. Further, he explained, it was through the insistence of the other powers that the airplane tonnage was raised during the conference from 80,000 tons for Great Britain and the United States to 125,000 tons. Change Campaign Badge Order. Under a recent order of the Secre- tary of the Navy all members of the naval personnel who served in uni- form for a period of not less than ninety days between April 20, 1898, and December 10, 1898, are.eligible for the Spanish campaign badge. Prior to the Issuance of the new or- der only those members of the natal service who served within certain de- grees of latitude and longitude, con- stituting a so-called “theater of op- erations” were eligible to wear this badge. e e A ? MARINE CORPS | o - & Fifty-six candidates from the ranks took the recent examination for com- missioned officers, for which 3odny there_are 160 vacancies. Command- ing officers throughout the Marine Corps. have been requested to make recommendations for the next exami- nation, which will be held next De- Those recommended will be ordered to Washington in June, when a new class will take up its studie: Secretary Denby is evidently op- posed to Qg reduction in the Marine h: also permits i in| It's not their fault if most people, particularly women, are not “hard- boiled.” The law of dual effect is all that prevents it, for the process which creates a real “hard-boiled egg” has just the opposite effect upon the hu- man family—it produces a “tender- foor.” The daily or frequent boiling proc- ess to which many people subject their bodies in the form of hot or warm baths constitutes one of our most luxurious and harmful habits, It is & typical American luxury, and, hand In hand with the advance of what we please to call civilization, is fast sapping our vitality and lowering vur general stamina. Don’t Be a “Tenderfoot.” Don’t do a thing just because it is the easiest way—because the altern: tive is hard. If we continue to avoid those things in life that seem hard and embrace the easy ones, we cer- tainly are doing our utmost to become a “tenderfoot.” The spineless person, or half-witted individual, usually takes the easiest way, because it re- quires will power and backbone to do otherwise. tub of warm or hot water; it's the easiest thing in the world, and for the moment one of the fortable. To do so requires no will Power whatever; in fact, there seems to be a kind of insidious influence that draws us toward hot or warm water. Therefore it must not be good for us, else it would not be so invit- ing, so comfortable, so easy. To the real man or woman the work or game which is easy and requires little phys- ical stamina and will power there is no appeal. In business, college. athletics or any other phase of life we should not be satisfied with that which 1s easy of accomplishment. Yet, when it comes to that all-im- portant and regular habit of bathing the body the average person becomes a weakling, a tenderfoot in_avoiding cold water, and chooses the kind of bathing that not only requires no will power or backbone, but that which actually diminishes the one and wea ens the other. If you have a purpose in life don’t be a “tenderfoot.” Inside or Outside? Ts it more vital to keep clean and wholesome the inside or outside of the body? Most people seem to think they fulfill every body requirement and maintain their self-respect, such as it is, if they keep apparently clean the outer covering—just the skin. (At times we are quite conscious of the fact that some people do not even accomplish that much.) Many bathe and scrub with hot water, soap and a heavy hand; put on clean, costly clothes and strut to work. to the theater or elsewhere, under the great delusion that they are clean. They are not clean, except on the surface of the skin, and even that is stag- nant. The majority of people are not clean within, for the reason that the blood. organs and cellular structure of the entire body are more or less clogged with wasle material, morbid matter and body Poisons—the accumu- lations of vears, resulting from wrong feeding, physical etagnation. hot- water bathing. faulty elimination and general wrong living and thinking. Blissfully unconscious of this state of the inner man, they feel they have satisfled themselves, their friends and the health department by scrubbing the label on the bottle, while leaving its contents to waste and decay. The conditions within many human bodies are similar to those found In the home—all that is visible and which the public may see clean and or- derly, but the kitchen. pantry. and cellar would not bear ins Keep clean within, through right liv ing and thinking. and less effort will Ibe required on the surface. The Skin's Big Job. The pores of the skin have a big job. They are expected to nate abaut one-fourth of the entire waste amd poisons from the whole cellular_structure of the body—the result of combustion in the tissues for | the production of heat and energy and ithe general workings of the human {machine. The kidnevs, lungs, tonsils, adenoids and mucous membranes of head and throat should eliminate the remainder, the kidneys taking ta of the larger part. It is a well known Ifact that when the pores are entirely Iv!ascd with paint. tar. or other sub- really stance death soon follows. The pores {must breathe, vibrate and work vig- lnrously if the body Is to be in health. It was intended by nature that the body should be exposed to sun and air and water of natural temperature, but civilization has clothed us so thoroughly that sun and a:: seldom touch the body directly—only a little when we happen to be in the onen, which is not often. With the ma- jority of people only heated water {louches the body. to drain it of its consequently limited store of vitality. i Therefore. with sun. air and water |of natural temperature denied the body. these positive and life-giving forces are shut out, with the result that the pores become stagnant, atrophied and function to a very lim- iited extent. This failure of the pores ito completely perform their function { breals up the team work of the organs and forces the kidneys, lungs. tonsils etc., to an unsuccessful effor: to elimi nate poisors and waste which they were not built to handle. This creates dis- jease not only of these organs. but lays the entire body open to attack. Therefore, with the kidneys. lungs and tonsils, as well as the mucous membranes of head and throat, over- worked, congestion follows in propor- tion to the stoppage of the function- ing of the pores. Hot Baths Cause of Disease. Tnder the great law of dual effect, or of action and reaction. which un- derlies the whole of creation—the ebb iand flow of life, the swaving to and ifro of positive and negative forces— there are two effects: First, a tem- porary effect, which is but momen- tary; then reaction sets in, and there is a directly opposite but permanent and lasting effect. This law is ex- {pressed very definitely in the effect of hot, warm or tepid water upon the body. While apparently beneficial in its first and momentary effects, it pr duces, as reaction sets in, a direct opposite but permanent and harmful !resplt in a negative way. Weaken- Ing reaction sets in soon after one leaves a hot bath: circulation becomes stagnant; the pores are left open. which permits the chilling of the the pores are not pulsating or working; vitality is at a low ebb, while heart, lungs and vital organs generally are loafing on capillary system: Corps. In a recent statement to the naval affairs committee of the House he pointed out that the arms confe: ence agreement i im mo way con the marines are a sea force of police. which has been used very effectively to restore peace in disturbed areas of South America and in peace-time pur- suits at home stations. According to the Secrotary's statement. there is al- most a constant call from the State Department in_time-of peace for de- tails of sea soldiers for various pur- poses. When Dreams Come True. From Everybody's Magazine. One night “Smiling Dick" Carney, & professional turf gambler. had 2 dream. The air was thick with hats. Headgear of every description floated about in disordered profusion. The following afternoon, on arrival at the race track, the first name on the day’s list of entries was Hatteras. It was a four-to-one shot. and Carney in- vested heavily on the tip. [ The race started. Hatteras' trailed slightly at the quarter. He was neck ana neck with the leader at the half. He passed the three-quarter post half a length ahead. Then the entire bunch thundered down -the home stretch past the exultant gambler. Carney was some distance from the ! post and could not'determine the win- ner. Tn a moment the result was an- nounced. i 1" “Sombrero wias!” “HARD-BOILED” BY PHILANDER D. POSTON. like s0 many of or luxuries that go| Any one can slip into a) most com- | elimi- | re| filtering through our heavy clothing| blood and congestion throughout the nected with the Marine Corps, and lhatl the job. The whole body reaches a negative, congested state. Similar re- flexes are passed on to the mind and will, with the result that the whole being is “low. Defenseless From nck. Such a state of being Ie entire body open ease of all kinds, ening of the great defen: of resistance and immunity. i The low vitality and congestion resulting from hot baths leaves the weakest part or Jn'arls of the body open to attack first. Congestion precedes nearly all dis- ease, and with an organ or part of the body badly coagested, and vitality lowered to the dange point there is little resisting power within 10 throw off disease, and the body be- comes a battleground b tending armies—the for: the forces of death. In the of nations the “reserves” al the trick, assisted by w or pep is left in the first-line {or those mainly cnga and jenemy is put to rout. So is it wi {the human body when attacked by the enemies of life and hea'th—the disease army which is ever lying in wait, watching for the opportunity | When the body is not prepared to with warfare up strong resistance. Again, =0 w the body: it's the rves” of v {tality and life forces thrown into ac- I tion at the zero hour which defeat and jdestroy the disease army and save the day. Eternal vigilance is as much the price of life and health as it is of lliberty. Why disband and disarm the army and navy of the body—r sistance “and immunity—through fr quent indulgence in devitalizing hot or warm baths, and leave it defense- less from attack by discase in all its forms, with no “reserve” forces to fill the gap when the bre; through? Strengthen the Defenses. enemy hs Vibrant life and health simp mean there is present in high degr. that mysterious clement—the grea life force—flowing, puisating througi{ the blood and nerves to every ceily molecule and atom. 1n such a sta of being diseasc canuot find lod ment in or successfully attack any part of the body, for ihe defensive forces, resistance and immunity, a in supreme command with large “re- serves” to call upon. Cold water contributes greatly to the increase in resisting power and limmunity from discase. It is nature’s own stimulant, when *roperly applicd It promotes elimination of waste and | poisons from the entire systen mendously increases tion strengthe . lune and all vital organs; about vigorous functioning of pore: generates and liberates electric an magnetic energies; stimu! mental activity. develops will power and produces a vitalizing effect upon the whole being—establishing a hig rate of vibratory activit ical, mental and p is one of nature’s on the phy planes. n and principal factors in bringing about an almost continual renewal of with {15 In snort, for de- veloping the physical and mor: worth there are few things equal an nothing superior to coid properly applicd Correct Bathing Outlined. The older generation w the strenuous weck cnd parties « aturday nights, when all social ities were off, and when the enti family indulged in the luxury of hot tub scrub. Throughout the ¥ such a party may in all propriety | l fullest enjoyment. he enjoved. buf it should be followed by a cold spray or spiash. Once a weck is ample for cleanliness, as far ax hot tub baths are concerned. It is better to have the water either very warm or moderately hot—never te Cold water should be used each mori - ing, not particularly as a clean ibut as a stimulative. energizi ative force. The best form of bath a spr: or shower. A rubber tub. may be purchased at any rubber stor. or drug store. about five feet lonx jwith a spray head on one end. whith imay he attached to spigot in bath tub. In cold weather, a hot or warn spray or shower for one or 1wo mir- utes may precede the cold. Then fol low with & cold spray or shower for a period of one-Lalf minute to two minutes, according to the vitality and power of reaction of the individual As the weather and water Warm up leave off the hot spray or shower Best results can be attained by using {& cold spray as follows: First on the {arms from hand to shoulder: then lon legs from feet to hips; then on { abdomen. lower back, chest and up- | per shoulders in the order named. A | cola spray m feet to hips before | retiving will frequently dispel sleep- Jessness by drawing surplus blood into the legs from the brain and spinal cord. thus enabling mental and nerve reaxation. Test and sleep. An- other illustration of the law of dual eficet. { (These suggestions on bathing do spplv to women during and for two day = prior to the menstral period.) Don't Be a “Fraid-Cat.” Even children object to being called raid cat,” and frequently do some tive, strenuous thing just to show are not afraid, thus developing their will power, self-conirol and self- reliance. However. most_of them become older. especially the giris, they surrender here and_ there 1o veakening physical. mental or mor. influences or conditions and, cou- versely, begin to recoil from seeming- Iy difficult undertakings. Many things which demand a little courage and tensing of will, s well as muscle, are avoided. Among other things is de- veloped a distinct dislike for and fear of cold water. Truly, there is nothing in life to fear but fear itself. The more fear is encouraged in regard to one thing the more generally we ap- ply it to many things. and goes until finally we are obsessed with fear 2nd avoidance of many things positive |and good. Being practically possessed /by fear we take to our bosoms and into our daily lives a multitude of negative and destructive things and influences—all 8o easy, =o inviting, so comfortable and luxurious that they can lead to but one ultimate goal—de- lslrm‘llon. Frequently, one act, one thing opens the way to a new and glorious life, but it must be a very positive and constructive act or thing. Few things rank higher in this re- spect than the proper contact of the human body with cold water. If vou have not already experienced the great helpfulness and joys incident to the proper use of cold water vou have mot really and fully lived. Put these | great truths herain expressed into ac- | tual practice and personal experience, | and you will find life a positive, Joy ! ous thin SURFACE CAR PASSING. From Finaneial Ameri A junk pile of old rails near_ the otton and Coffee exchanges in New York's Old_ Slip, whers the street paving is being relaid, marks the passing_of another surface car line in the financial district. It is within memory that some financiers, who knew better. sold a Wal] street car line that existed only on paper to the Metropolitan Traction for $7.000.000 That was one of several inside jobs that loaded up the concern and its Successor, nOw once more in receiver- Iship. with worthless assets acquired at_the expense of the investor. The value of a surface car fran- chise in_ the downtown district of measured by the abandonment of lines that actually existed. Some of these have been clinging to life for several years by running a horse car over their tracks once a day, after Wall street had gone to bed. A re- ceiver stopped this pretense a year ago on the East Side Belt line. whose rails the city has just ripped up near the water front. The subways\ have tapped the trafic downtown ver thoroughty. For the short hauls jeft, however, along the river, it is quite possible New York will see a jitney service operated. Overhead wires have been out of the question in Man- hattan for many yedrs since the city cut down Jay Gould's telegraph poles when a court order was mot obeyed with sufficient promptness, So the trackless trolle¥ finds no welcome in the crowded streets as in London and lother European cities. &