Evening Star Newspaper, January 22, 1922, Page 43

3 P 4 3 ) . _in French affairs. POINCARE’S POLICIES WILL STRIKE FRANCE Tendency to Nationalism Rather Than Continental Reconstruction Means Second-Rate Power. . BY OLIVER OWE.~N KUHN. ERBAL bouquets are usually followed by a shower of poiiti- cal bricks in European diplo- macy. The axiom was never better proven than during the past week, when in flowing tributes, one to the other, and expressed fealty to cld alliances bathed with the blood of millions of their own men, Premiers Lloyd George and Poincare of France exchanged greetings. And then Poincare ascended to the tribune in the chamber of deputies and pro- ceeded to play havoe with the Brit- jsh premier's plans leeking toward economic and financial rehabilitation of Europe. Not that he attacked these openly. Far from that. But the French statesman proceeded to outline pol s of the present gov- ernment wh it persisted in, can do no other than ,-ompletely paralyze all schemes designed to relegate nation- alistic interest to continental weal. Mr. Lloyd George smiled grimly in Tondon. Poincare’s ascendency togthe prime ministership of his nation meant the ascendency of the nationalistic bloc 1t was predicted that he would outline policies for his government that would at least ard close working arrangements h other nations, but that he would > to the length he did hardly was expected. If pursued, they will lead to constant friction with other allies umless they go their way and France hers, * % ¥ % Though many_ issues were touched wpon by the French premier, his statement that the French govern- ent would stand firm upon the col- lection of all reparations granted to France under the treaty of Versailles, and that reparations was the keynote rench _development. radically dis- es_ with the British premise Furopean reconstruction and a rmany are essential to the sperity of all. The tocsin has placed all other countries of Europe on the defensive and looking to Eng- Jand to prevent the untoward events that are certain to follow the French policy of insistence upon strict per- formancc of the Versailles treatv. When the treaty of Versailles was drafted it was believed by all, even by the American delegation, that Germany would be able to meet finan- al stipalations incorporated therein. Since that- date there have set in a series of events. economic and finan- efal, which, it is believed in London and_other European capitals, abso- lutely precludes Germany’s fulfill- ment to the letter of the la: Though there is no disposition to allow Germany to escape finally from the exactions, there nevertheless is a well defined opinion that if Ger- pays, there must be recon- structive endeavor within Germany Jargely aifed by the allies. and terms must be modified to_permit the Ger- man nation to at least bridge the present very difficult period of read- Jjustment. The French have always insisted that Germany should be made to pay, whcther or no, and on the dot. but through the instrumentality of Lloyd George various French premiers have been persuaded to make con- ons. and it s these Poincare would avoid in the future. If the Poincare policy is pursued and the allied governments take no definite steps toward the mitigation of Ger- many’'s burden at the moment. there can come nothing else but the col- lapse of Germany. London believes. At least. the plans looking toward the reconstruction of Europe along lines of full will be severely nindered. But. though there be hindrances placed by France, there is a growing convic- tion in other capitals than Paris that the Lloyd George scheme of solidify- ing the allied-German-Russian bloc will proceed apace and eventually bring about the isolation of France unless France capitulates. % ok ok % lol the Ruhr and the strengthening of jof potitical expediency, the, common task of reviving the continent. 5 Poincare has revived the bugaboo of allied operation of the flnances of the German government. True as it may be that Germany has dodged in a tashion full poesibilities in payment of reparations, England feels that it would be a mistake at the present juncture to interfere further than with strong demands. = The Poincare policy of insisting on the extensions of sanctions and further penalties, in- cluding the prolonged stay of Rhine- land occupation armies, also runs counter current to the British view- point that, psychologically speaki this would hinder the general process of Germanry getting together with herself and settling down to untin- terrupted endeavor in meeting obli- gations arising out of the war and the ‘treaty of Versailles. * ok % K Should Poincare stand firm on the treaty of Versailles—which now after long delay and vario decisions reached at conferences of allied premiers is subject to many interpre- tations—and insist, in view of Ger- many’'s inability to pay, that sanc- tions be applied, there will come a dangerous situation not only for France but Europe as a whole. Undoubtedly, the British never will consent to the imposition of further sanctions that involve the use of large military forces. The British are copstitutionally opposed to- this, in view of the extremely trying eco- nomic conditions in England, and should the French decide to move armies forward for the occupation Rhine bridgeheads the clash between the French and the British will be- come heated at once. g France feels herself well able to pursue an_individualistic policy in this regard, she maintaining the largest army in Europe, but undoubt- edly action of this kind will bring| proe/\™"be reviewable by the pressure from all quarters. But Poincare, in his pursuit of na- tionalistic alms so demanded by the mass of people of France who have been misguided by statesmen, meas- uring their tread from the standpoint undoubtedly would not be deterred if he thinks he has the French people behind him. This course would plunge Europe into a prolonged state of unsettlement, the very thing that Lloyd George is striv- ing to end, and which might be set- tled at the conference in Genoa. | * k X K All Europe looks toward the Genoa conference with bated breath, for outside of France it is realized that full agreement here between allied and enemy nations will bring speedy recovery to Europe and rich. red blood will flow through the impov- erished veins of the industrial conti- nent. Peoples would gain new life and vigor. Poincare states emphatically that he will not enter the Genoa confer- ence If treaty agreements are to be debated; that he will only enter in case Russia agrees to abide by the protocol effected at Cannes, wherein the Russians would preyiously agree to recognize the old French czarist debts. Russia may_agree, but it is generally recognized that the treaty of Versailles is unworkable in the present financial and economic state of the continent, and it must be modi- fled if Germany and Russia are to gain voice and part in the general reconstruction schemes. Therefore, even though he may not” have an- nofinced his decision to refrain from Jeast paves the way for evasion of conference dictates and opens the door for French withdrawal if France's nationallstic aims are not achieved. ERE T S TUndoubtedly, every attempt will be | made to swing Poincare in line with co-operation between | the allies and Germany and Russia| expressed desires of rehabilitating Europe through Genoa agreements and subsequent co-operation of ali nations, but at the moment it is ex- ceedingly doubtful that France will do much other than muddy the waters of common consent. But as surely as she does this, as surely as she ‘fails to realize that her policy of no co-operation would interfere mate- rially" with the general advancement of all peoples, then as surely will lcome a flood of recrimination that Tnguestionably the Franco-British | will set back France's plans of po- defensive agreement arra Lloyd George and Briand large part in France, but even this will fail in case Poincare choses to perfect a straight out offensive and defensive alliance, which Is not desired by England, in view of plans looking toward the Dbroadening of understandings with other pa(ldn. and which would ten 1o solidi c perative endeavor i 1l play a nged byi the future course ofieconomic litical dominion for a century. France may be sufficient to herself from an standpoint,” but unless France steps forward with other of the world's leading nations in ad- vancing the general welfare of all, France will be isolated to a point Where, in spite of her large army, she will become a second-rate power—all Poincare's gestures to the contrary otwithstandin: ALASKA'S 467-MILE ROAD NEAR FINISH Railway Construciion So Rapid “Golden Spike” Will Be Driven in February. By the Associated Press. ANCHORAGE, Alaska, January 21. —So rapidly has the work of bringing together the ends of steel on Alaska’s 467-mile government railroad from seward, on the seacoast, to Fairbanks, in the heart of the Yukon country, progressed that definite plans are be- ing made for a great celebration tiroughout the territory to mark the driving of the “golden spike” some time in mid-February. & The ceremony, which will be at- tended by Gov. Scott C. Bone of Aiaska and other high territorial and federal officials, will take place at the Riley creek bridge, 120 miles south of Fairbanks. Thousands are expected to attend the ceremony. Triumph of Engineering. The Riley creek bridge is in itself a triumph of engineering. Late in November, 1921, 500 tons of steel for the bridge were shipped from Seattle t> Seward. Today the bridge, a 900- foot structure, is practically com- pleted. With the exception of the 1,340-foot steel bridge across the Ta- nana river at Nenaga, which will not be placed in service until late this vear or early in 1923, it is the last unit_of the road to be completed. Pending completion of work on the bridge at Nenana trains will be sent over the Tanana on ferries in the summer and over tracks I on the ice during the winter months. The government railroad cost ap- proximately $56,000,000, and has been under construction since 1914. The main line, between Seward and Fair- banks, is 467 miles in_length, but with branches the completed system will have a total trackage of 539 miles. For some months past luxuri- ous trains, with Pullman coaches and buffet dining cars, have been oper- ated over the main line on a once-a- week schedule. Freight was carried between the ends of steel by dog- sled. e See Development of Riches. Alagkans hail the coming of the railroad as the key that will unlock one of the richest territories in the world. Mail from Seattle will reach Falrbanks in mine days. Heretofore from ome to three months was the usual time of transit. The road will be open the year round, and no longer will the freezing of the Yukon in Winter mean that the great interior|Of the country must hibernate until resump- tion of navigation in the spring. Alaska's richest areas are by the road. The_fertile valleys of the Tanana and Yukon will be in direct connection with Seward, a seaport with a harbor free of ice for twelve months in the year. The road passes through important coal flelds, one of which is expected to furnish supplies of steaming fuel for naval vessels. It traverses what govern- ment geologists describe as a rich potential oil district in the Cook In- let_region, contiguous to Anchorage. Before the advent of the railfoad, according to federal reports, it cost $70 to ship one ton of hay, corn. po- tatoes or other necessities to Fair- banks. The freight went by, boat to participating in the conterence. he at| Named as Naval Attache tafied as a tapped | United States e THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is & brief summary of the most im-" portant news of the world for the seven days ended January 21: The Washington Conferemce— On Tuésday Secretary Hughes submitted to the committee on Pacific and far eastern questions four resolutions dealing with the “open door” in China. ‘The first two resolutions constitute a state- ment more elaborate than any pfevious one of what is meant by “the open door or equality of op- portunity” in China. The third resolution proposes a board of reference to whi¢h all questions ‘involving or conceived to involve the principle of the open door in China may be referred. “May,” not “must”; for reference to the board is to be quite weluntary. The board can do no more.than investigate and report; its findings and recommendations dre to have no authority other ‘than moral. Its usefulness must depend on the attitude of the governments hav- ing Chinese interests. The really interesting resolu- tion is the fourth, which I must quote: - “The powers, including China, represented at the _ conference agree that any provisions of an existing concession which appear inconsistent with those of another concession, or with the principles of the above agreement or declar- ation, may be submitted by the parties concerned to the board of reference, when established, for the purpcse of endeavoring to. ar- rive at a satisfactory adjustment on equitable terms.” That . resolution is obviously retroactive. Under its provisions the Manchurian concessions would board of reference at the request of the parties concerned (appar- ently only at the request of both _parties). Baron Shidehara asked for a little time to study the reso- Jution before it shoul'd be put to the vote. -~ The next morning (doubtless after-a night of study) he blandly suggested that the resolution be amended S0 as to substitute for the words “any pro- visions of an _existing -concession which appear inconsistent * * * may,” the words, “If any provi- sions of a concession which may hereafter be granted b: pear inconsistent * * they may”; thus destroying the sig- nificance of the resolution. Sir Robert Borden suggested that res- olution IV be dropped, since reso- lution 1II included resolution 1V within its general terms—a truth indeed apparent. Secretary Hughes made no fight for_ resolution IV. He had accomplished, I take it, all that he expected. An issue had been joined and decided. The American _delegation (supported by_the British) had gone on rec- ord as desiring examination by a representative international body into the validity of existing for- eign concessions in China. The Japanese had gone on record as opposed to such examination. _It seems most unlikely, therefore, that the Japanese will permit discussion by this conference of the validity of the Manchurian and other conces- sions arising out of the twenty-one demands. The. committee adop! bassy in . COMMANDER ZACHARY LANSDOWNE - bureau of seronauties, Navy ent, who has just de- aval attache of the ssy at Berlin, Ger- LIEUT. many. CHARGES SHIP INTERESTS 'HAVE BOARD BY THROAT Bay: State Legislator Says Lower Estimate by Navy Fails to Get Leviathan Work. Charges that private shipbuilding interests have the Shipping Board “by St. Michaels, at the mouth of the|the throat,” and will not permit the Yukon; was then rgshipped up the| Boston navy yard to obtain the con- Yukon and Tanana rivers to Fair- banks, a total distance o O 8.800 miles, | tract for reconditioning the giant Sometimes it was shipped throughliner, Leviathan, despite the fact that Skagway over the White Pass and|the navy yard estimate was $2,000,000 Yukon railroad to White Horse, thence down the Yukon and Tanana rivers, at a cost of $66. Saving of Time Effected. Today the same bulk of freight can lower, were made on the floor of the House Friday by Representative James A. Gillivan, democrat, of Massachusetts. Mr. Gallivan, during debate on the be shipped by the railroads to Falir-|independent offices appropriation bill, banks in three weeks' less time than|which carries $100,649,000 for the by either of the older routes, ing a total distancesof 1,385 miles, a cost of about $30. Since the road vers- at | Shipping Board, declared he was “afrald” that private shipping in- began handling traffic, a few months|terests had also “influenced men In ago. the cost of oats in Fairbanks dropped from $140 to $70 a ton; the the government not connected with price of beef dropped to 25 cents a|the Shipping Board.” pound; wood costing $130 a cord was| Dpeclaring that he was opposed to replaced by $6 a ton. An increase in tourist traffic is ex- Mount McKinley, 20,300 feet lignite coal delivered at agpronnlunx a single cent to the Shipping Board for expenses for the | fiscal year beginning next July 1, the Massachusetts - member contended in ll!.l'.lldfl and the loftiest peak on he “whole & the North American continent, s but | Lhne reieanes cut o 1o Tamiyos 1t a short distance from the line, and|the board was not “on the level” Mount McKinley National Park will become accessible. WILL HONOR MR. HUGHES. |xu!iln to Present Petition Book. B Painting for Rome. Dr. Pasquale Badia, as the head of a committee representing about 150,- 000 Americans of Italian descent, will with navy yard workers anxious to refit the Leviathan and was “jockey- ing and criss-crossing” in an effort to avoid awarding the contract to a navy_yard, { g, Mr. Gallivan, declaring that $900,- 000 was spent annually by the board for advertising and publicity, read 2 press release, which he said came from the bureau of information, giv- ing . details of a dinner recently tendered Chief Justice Taft at & private residence in Washington. Mr. Dallinger suggested that an call at the State Department next |y b Tuesday, accompanied by the Italian b':.vril"é‘:g ‘:l:te:m’:‘:: :mbv!v’ l:xl::c)? '85553 ambassador here, and present to retary Hughes “a petitioh book" voicing their appreciation- of. “Mr. Hughes' memorable service in pro- moting_a nobler understanding be- tween Italy and the United States.” . As a result of that petition, a full length portrait of Secretary Hughes has been painted by an Italian ar- tist for presentation to. the Italian government for hanging in the.royal palace at Rome. The portrait is now at the Corcoran Gallery of. Art and will be placed on public exhibition for @ short period preltminary to its shipment to Rome. - Sec- | be saved by having the vessel recon- ditioned_at Boston. | He contended at a saving of at least $2,000,000 could be affected. i "' NAVY MEN ELIGIBLE, Graduates of the Naval Academy, ‘within the prescribed age limits, are {legally " eligible for appointment as officers in the Reguhr Army, accord- ing to a memorandum to the Secretary of the Navy, prepared at the War De- partment., : p it H at the item of the agenda: “The status of existing commitments in relation to China.” Mr. Koo made one of the most notable of the con- e e e ) ed resolutions I, IT and III—IV having been silently dropped. - / * % * ¥ The committce adopted, practi- cally without debate, & resolution oftered by Sir Auckland Geddes, by which China pledges herself not to exercise or to permit any discrimination on Chinese rail- ‘ways, and the other powers rep- resented in the conference make & corresponding pledge with re- spect to Chinese railways over which they or their nationals ex- ercise control by virtue of con- cessigns or the like. The com- mittes also passed a resolution by which the powers express a hope that some day China will be able to unify her railroads into a system under Chinese. control. The committee had now arrived ference speeches, in which he urged that all claims on China, all commitments respecting China, be published; that their validity be determined, and that those found valid be harmonized with one an- other and with the principles adopted Dby the conference. A magnificent program, and right; but, after what happened to Mr. Hughes’ fourth resolution on the open_ door, obviously impossible. Mr. Hughes, having complimented Mr. Koo, confined himself to the Possible. 3 He submitted two resolutions. ‘The first requires the several pow- ers to file with the secretariat gen- eral of the conference lists of all treaties or other agreements they may have with China or with other powers in relation to China, “which they deem to be still in force and upon which they may desire to reply.” The other resolution calls for similar lists of contracts be- tween nationals of the several powers and the Chinese govern- ment or any of its administrative subdivisions. In the case of each agreement, contract, etc., listed, there must be a citation to a pub- lished text or a copy of the text must be filed with the list. Every new agreement, contract, etc., of a nature similar to those listed as per above must be notified to the Powers within sixty days of its conclusion. The advantages from the pub- licity which these resolutions pro- pose are sufficiently clear, It seems likely that a considerable number of concessions that will not bear scrutiny will, if the reso- lutions are adopted, be scrapped forthwith. Hardly would any pow- er have the impudence to make a claim under an alleged agreement not listed at Washington or noti- fled as_above prescribed. As T write, these resolutions are still in debate. * ¥ ok % Ireland.—The house of commons of southern Ireland, elected last spring under the government of Ireland act of 1920 (I told last week how the persons elected to that house did not assemble last spring as the house, but did as- semble as a new dail, except for four representatives of Trinity College, Dublin), assembled for the first time at Dublin on Sat- urday, the 14th. and, as required by the London agreement creating the Irish Free State, ratified that nfreomont and appointed a pro- visional government of the free state. Havi f done these things, the house ourned sine die, fe.. expired. Of the 12¢ persons elect- ed to the house, only 65 were pregent, De Valera and all his op- position followers absenting them- selves. The provisional govern- ment is heard by Michael Collins and consists of nine members, six of whom are also members of the dail cabinet and the other three are dail members. It was na- turally expected that Griffith ‘would head the provisional gov- ernment, but presumably | he thought he would be more useful i left free to handle the opposi- tion in the dail and fight the op- position in the coming campaign for election of representatives to the free state parliament. The dall is ‘to continue in being until the London agreement has been executed. The chief business of the provisional government wiil be to draft a constitution for the free state. * k x % France~On Thursday, the 19th, M. Poincare, the new premier, out- lined his policy to the chamber. Read hastily, the speech may seem chauvinistic, but if one examines it carefully, one does not find Jjustification for Anatole France's prediction that “Poincare will, no doubt, take us to the edge of the precipice.”” Take, for example, the question of reparations, on which question one should expect to find M. Poincare most uncompromising. “If Germany should fail in her obli- gatlons,” says he, “the French gov- ernment would have to consider the measures to be adopted, and the first of these would certainly be the establishment of effective control over the German budget, emission of paper money and ex- ports.” That, to be sure, sounds like Poincare, the journalist, lam- basting the policy of M. Briand, like Poincare, the advocate of re- lentless enforcement of the Ver- sailles treaty. But observe the extremely significant fact that later 1n his soeech M. Poincare declares that “the supreme council must not go on interfering with the work of the reparations com- mission.” Now, if one remembers that the -reparations commission, whose hands Poincare proposes to uphold, has just granted the Ger- mans a sort of moratorium.and is obviously disposed (while not abating the reparation total) to greatly ease the methods of pay- ment, one concludes that on the most important of issues, that on which M. Poincare might be ex- pected to show himself most stern and implacable, he seems likely to prove as reasonable as M. Briand. M. Poincare shows himself eager for a treaty with Britain, but it must be “on a footing of perfect equality.” This solicitde for the dignity of France in her relations with Great Britain may be exces- sive, but does not lack specific justification; it should not prove an insuperable bar to the consum- mation of a satisfactory treaty of mutual guarantee (mutual, " be- cause the military frontiér of France is likewise the chief mili- tary frontier of Britain). * * X ¥ Regarding the Genoa confer- ence 3. Poincare had something of first importance to say, which was, in effect, that prigr to any didcussions at the Genoa confer- ence the conditions named in the Cannes resolution proposing that conference, as conditions of recog- nition of the ‘soviet governmen Permanent Farming Program Chief Purpose of Conference (Continued from First Page.) insure other lines of business, and tions of farmers to develop a new area All men are not adapted to question whether, if the government|farm life and to colonization move- | insures the farm crops, it is ready to|ments. 50 essential to the national welfare|ang adapted to such life. It is an injustice to men in| industries in cities and to the agri- how many; just how far this prin-|cultural industry for land sharks to ciple .would be carried out, and how|take hordes of people off to develon many industries would be considered | new farm areas who are not trained | as to justify such insurance. This| The fact that crop values per acre would put emphasis on the questionipave dropped 60 per cent in the two- by how much does the public interest | vear period 1919-1921, a decreasc un-| in agriculture exceed public interest|paralleled since 1866, will be pre-| in manufacture and other lines of|senteq for consideration of the econ= business. omists at the conference. b ol kg One thing that it is generally hoped An effort is now being made to de-|will be developed out of the confer- fine the line between co-operation and [ ence in some fashion—what the De- corporation. The Department of Ag-|partment of Agriculture has been riculture is trying to get “co-opera-|harping on and what the public is tion” so nicely defined as to be un-|coming to recognize—is the lnlerde-l derstood just as surely as is “cor-|pendence of all industry upon agri- poration.” The best experts in the|culture. country differ as to what is co-opera- Those who have been working on tion, although what corporations|a constructive program Wwith Secre- means is recognized at once. Well,|tary Wallace are convinced that “we it is much the same way With regard |must get the cost of what the farmer to the question of crop insurance. It|uses down to a relation to what he raises the cry against “subsidising|is paid for what he produces.” This agriculture” and calls up again the|means that if we go ahead on the question whether subsidizing agri-|present basis of farm returns the culture is a good thing for all the|cost factor for the farmer must be people. reduced—that is: % The men who have been chosen to| Capital available at lower rates; participate in the conference Wwill|cheaper machinery and cheaper fer- bring in all these and many other|tilizers; cheaper farm labor. questions, because they are funda-| As a matter of fact, farm labor is mental to the establishment of a fu-|coming down, and is considered now ture national policy regarding agri-|to be about as low as it can reason- culture. ably fall. * ¥ X X * k¥ K Again, the question will be revived To encourage the farmer to buy, he of so much “good agricultural land|must feel that the purchasing power lying idle.” As a general thing, this|of his dollar bears a fair relation to jdle land is what is known as “mar- | what it cost him to earn the dollar; ginal farms” They are not being|that there is not too great a margin worked because the land is less de-|or spread between the price he pays sirable and less productive than other, for wool cloth and what he gets for land lying nearby. It is much the|his raw wool; the price-for finished same story as that of the old “New | cotton fabrics and the price at which England abandoned farms.” They [he sells his cotton crop. The farmer are abandoned because when New buys 2 lot of foodstuff, canned meats, England was opened up there was no| etc. He does quite a business with transportation to carry the farmer|the packers. He is !u.uking to get the westward, and as his sons and daugh- | packers’ products at a fair exchange ters grew up and married, the rocky, | price as compared with his steers and barren, hillside farms were split up, | hogs and sheep. When he sells his and the farms multiplied so that there steers. at 5 cents a pound and has to were communities of 2,000 where|pay G0 cents for a plece of beef he there are only 200 today. Then, when | gets impatient. the great, fertile plains of the west| It ig inevitable that strong pressure were opened up and railroads pro-|will be.brought to bear on the sub- vided transportation, the farmers|jects-of transportation and of agri- from New England flocked westward, | cultutal credits, both long-time and abandoning their unproductive farms | shortstime, the fight of the land banks that never should have been farms|and of the federal reserve banks. and never will be again. In the same| But the real thing of benefit and way, & few years ago, there was a importance that it is expected will great exodus of Towa farmers into|develop for the federal government Canada. The more venturesome farm-|out of this conference in course of ers took their chance on these rich | time is an underlying policy in regard lands. Some of thém became rich and|to land, reclamation, forestry, etc. others went broke—it was the old * %% % game of chance. For the stabilizing of farm crops So the -question will arise beforef¢nree big and related steps are looked the conference, if you are going to} gy, 2 resettle land, how much is it Wise to| pevelopment of a knowledge of resettle, and if it is going to be re-|or1d markets. This means, first, a developed, how? This means, i8 it|ypouledge of forelgn “markets. It is best to put it into forest crop and|pgpeq that there will be a strong call walt thirty vears for a return, or to]gor the building up of a government grow grass and raise cattle, or to|organization to keep in touch with plow it up and gather crops? It isitne demand, acreage planted, eco- all.a question of relativity. nomic conditions in other countries * ¥ % ¥ _|as they ‘affect agriculture and the The conference also must. consider|world demand. for American farm how the “back-to-the-farm” ‘coloni- | surplus. > zation schemes have played thousands| This would mean the organization “gor suckers.” - It takes three gene: of a.corps of agricultural attaches. must be accepted by the soviet government, - and that prior to such discussions France must have “precise guarantees” that the confergnce will not “even indirect- ly debate” any stipulation of the Versailles treaty (i. e, sGerman reparations must be excluded from the agenda). ~Without such ac- and uarantees the ceptance 8 French delegation will be with- drawn. That soviet Russia must make the great renunciation and prom- Ise of atonement before her ad- mission to sit in council with France, Britain and Italy as equal; that German reparations _should not be discussed at a conference of forty-five nations (for that is the number to which invitations have been sent); that the subject of German reparations should not be entangled with other subjeets; that reconstruction of France should not be postponed to, but should take precedence of, recon- struction elsewhere. These posi- tions, held by M. Poincare, do not discredit him nor make him prop- erly chargeable with chauvinism. It this charge is to be made good it must be on other grounds, such as the following: Referring to clauses of the Versailles treaty re- lating to disarmament and to pun- ishment of Germans guilty of war crimes, M. Poincare says: “So long as these clauses are not executed we will not only have the right to preserve integ- rally the penalties which have been provided, but to substitute others if need be, and we will be in the position to declare that the time for evacuation of the left bank of the Rhine has not begun to run. That is the point of view which the French government has constantly maintained. More now than ever is it necessary to main- tain it.” In view of the lessons taught by M. Poin- Stein and Scharnhorst, care's anxiety about disarmament is excusable, but, though contin- uance of the allicd commissions of control might be so justified. con- tinued occupation of the Rhine would not be justified by mere ap- prehension of sccret evasions of treaty clauses on disarmament. As to turning over to the allies for trials Germans guilty of war crimes, it should have been done, but it is now too late; the propo- sition has a certain absurdity. 1 incline to think that M. Poincare will, on “better judgment making” abandon such a position if he real- 1y holding it and is not merely throwing a sop to the extremists. There are few things as important just now as the “orientation” of M. Poincare and T think 1 am justified in devoting so much space to & sympathetic consideration of it. * k% * _ Mincellaneous—T had proposed a resume this whek of matters arisen or developed within the past few weeks of importance, but not su- preme importance, which have been crowded out of my summary by matters of supreme importance, such as the several conferences and the cabinet change in France. I must, however, postpone the re- sume. Among such minor happen- ings or developments of the past week to be noticed in a future resume are: The bill passed by the Senate in- creasing_the membership of the Fedcral Reserve Board and its sig- nificance, resumption of hostilities in Anatolia, the report of the in- | ternational joint commission co cerning the project of a water- way for ocean-going vessels from Lake Erie, via the St. Lawrence, to tho sea. and the new testimony in- I dicating neglect of the disabled soldiers. Ohio Bishop, Charged With | i | - > BISHOP WILLIAM MONTGOMERY BROWN, Retired, of Gallion, Ohio, who may be tried before the Episcopal House of Bishops on charges of heresy. The charges are the outgrowth of Bish Brown's book, “Communism a published in 1920, expresses doubt if » n:-lo. Brown’s rges is: “I'm right, they’re wrong, and I'll f ‘the finish.” E SR Christianity,” Before we can handle the agricul- | tural surplus we must know what the foreign demands are. Of course, this will in a way be throwing kirdiings on the fire of controversy betwecn the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Commerce. Sccretary Hoover has wanted to take over this market bureau work of the Depart- ment of Agriculture. It is understood that Secretary Wallace hgs rezeived assurances from the White House that the work of the Department of Agri- culture will not be disturbed. Mear- while, Senator Capper has introduced a measure. to take some of the serv- ices away’ from the Department of Even though friction be- tween cabinet members is not helpful it is likely that an agricultural attache service will be Commerce. to the cause, established. N * * ¥ X ‘The second step in the drive for is standardization of farm crops closely related to this “watch on for- elgn markets.” mands, ‘The third step is the reorganization and building up of more efficient marketing to reduce the spread of cost and profit between the producer and the consumer. stable. As far as the mind of the confer- ence can be guided by the best judg- ment of the federal department and officials, that is what will bs done, . Heresy, Insists He's Right It requires a study and compilation and development of statistics on domestic consumption, to be balanced with similar data on domestic production, so as to deter- mine just how much surplus should be produced above the home food re- quirements to meet the foreign de- It is believed that these three steps, as a constructive program, will af- ford some way of Insuring a relation between production and consumption and the needs of a safe surplus, thereby making production more !PLANNING TO SPEND BILLIONS FOR ROADS Research on a Huge Scale Undertaken Under Auspices Engineering ESEARCH on 2 huge scale to determine how billions of the national wealth shall be ap- plied to highway transporta- tion is planned by engineering socie- ties, state and government agencies land pther organizations under the Idlrectlon of the advisory board on highway research, maintained by the Engineering Foundation and the Di- vision of Engineering of the National Research Council. Announcement of plans and results achieved in the highway work was made yesterday by the Engineering Foundation, following a meeting in ‘New York of the board, attended by highway experts from every section of the country. W. K. Hatt of Wash- ington, a former professor of Purdue University, of the board. Anson Marston, dean of engineering of Iowa State Col- lege, was chosen chairman and A. D. Flinn of New York vice chairman. Prof. Comfort A. Adams of Harvard, Henry M. Crane of New York and Thomas H. MacDonald, chief of the United States bureau of public roads, were elected to the executive com- mittee. * ¥ ¥ X Economics has transcended all other problems of highway trans- portation, it was stated in an an- nouncement issued by the Engineer- ing Foundation. Organization of the transportation agencies of the coun- try so that each may preserve its proper economic relation to the others was described as the central need. “Since a limited amount of the na- tional wealth is avaliable for trans- I portation,” said the statement of the foundation, “what is spent on high- way transportation beyond the eco- nomic necessity will diminish the amounts that should be applied to other agencies of transportation, such as railways and electric lines. “The data upon which the solution of this problem may be predicated are largely wanting. Such data re- sult from traffic surveys and analysis of data of costs that arise from the road and from the vehicle. It is in this economic field that the greatest opportunity lies for useful and fruitful research. Scientific correla- tion of transportation agencies should replace conflict.” * ¥ X ¥ Figures showing enormous develop- ment of highway transportation, re- sults of surveys showing progress in determining the proper relation of revenue to cost and suggesting that the plea of farming communities and other property holders for diminished road taxes might be met if those who use the roads were asked to pay for them were made public. Importance of traffic was stressed as a chief fac- tor in devising a colossal scheme of financing. During 1921 $600,000.000 was spent on highways in the United States for i state, county and other roads outside of cities, it was stated. Of this sum, $420,000,000 went for construction and $180,000,000 for maintenance. The number of vehicle licenses last year was given as 9,750,000. “If the cost of the road is divided by the number of vehicle licenses,” it was stated, “it appears that the total road expenditures for a licensed car are as follows: Spent on maintenance per {license, $18.60; total expenditures per car license, $61.50." * k ¥ % Discussing revenue, the statement estimated that $118,000,000 was paid for vehicle licenses in this_country in 1921, and approximately $120,000,- 000 of ‘excise taxes, making a total of $238,000,000. The revenue per car for license fees was approximately ten dollars a year, and this added to the excise tax makes the total reve- nue of the car about $19. Thus, it was stated, the car -licenses paid about two-thirds of the cost of main- tenance of roads. Figures were cited to show that so far as could be ascertained the li- lcenue fee per car was from $13.10 to $17, or an average of $14.53 in lowa, { Michigan, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and that in these states the road expenditures, including construction and maintenance costs, ran from $29.15 to $69, an average of $4 It would be unfair, it was was re-elected director [ of the Natignal Foundation. stated, to charge all of the costs to the traffic, because benefits accrue to general property. * x k% “As to the ability of the traffic to carry this burden,” it was stated, “it may be said that the road licenses at present are probably not more than 2 per cent of the total cost of the transportation: that is, the truck owner or the automobile owner pays in road fees only about $2 out of every hundred doliars of fixed charges and operating expenses. Therefore, if we double this two dollars and make it four dollars for licenses or road fees, we find that the total cost of transportation would be only in- creased by two dollars, so that when our farming communities and other property holders ask that yoad con- struction be stopped so that road taxes may be diminished, it wouid ap- pear that our road programs might still procced if only those who use the roads are asked to pay for them.” From 1910 to 1921 the motor vehi- cles increased in number from 501,000 to 9.750.000, or 1,800 per cent, and the trucks increased from 2.8 per cent to 10.3 per cent of total vehicles. Now there are nearly 500,000 auto- mobiles and 1,333,000 trucks. “Preliminary figures show the in- vestment in highway transport to be $20,000,000 outside of cities, including vehlcles, garages, roads—an invest- ment equal to the investment in raii transportation.” said the statement. “The motor vehicles represent an in- vestment of 000,000, with an of over $3,000.000 per year. on the vehicle each year where $1 is spent on the road. Nearly one- | third of the vehicles are owned by farmers. There are busses in operation. “Twelve thousand schools are us- ing motor busses for transporting children. Fifteen hundred motor ex- press lines are in operation. mil- lion head of live stock were trans- ported by motor truck in 1921. In Connecticut a truck loafl of silk prod- ucts valued at $i00,000 passed over the roads. In Iowa there is one car 10 every 4.5 persons. The entire pop- ulation of the state of Iowa could be put in their cars in the morning and out of the state by night. On the average there is one car to every ten 20,000 motor i persons in the United States. “The total operating expenses of motor vehicle traffic, passenger and freight, in the whole United States are so large that the fixed charges from capital costs and the additional maintenance costs arising from the road appear to be of less importance in relation to the total cost of trans- portation than would be supposed.” * * % % Director Hatt, in outlining plans for this year, said that there is an important service to be rendered by the highway engineer in so locating his road that the cost of operation will be reduced. these costs includ- ing fixed charges, depreciation, re- placement, maintenance of vehicle and road, ete. “It is hoped.” added Dr. Hatt, “that within the course of a year the cost of operation of vehi- cles as determined by location and eharacter of highways will be fairly well determined.” Prof. T. R. Agg has accumulated a large amount of very carefully de- termined data in connection with the work of the experiment station of the Towa State College, and he Is also directing work in New England in which Harvard University, Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, bureau of public roads, United States Army, Society of Automotive Engineers and the high- way commissions of Massachusetts and Connecticut are co-operating. Members of the advisory board on highway research include David Bee- croft, Soclety of Automotive Engi- neers; A. J. Brosseau, National Auto- mobile Chamber of Commerce; W. M. Kinney, American Concrete Insti- tute; Nelson P. Lewis, American So- ciety for Municipal Improvements: H. de B. Parsons, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; George H. Pride, National Highwgy Traffic As- sociation; S. Whinery, American In- stitute of Conmsulting Engineers, and Col. E. Eveleth Winslow, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. Prof. Agg is directing the work of a committee on economic theory of highway improvement, and H. S Mattimore, Pennsylvania state high way department. is chairman of a committee on character and use oOf road materials. Marked progress is expected by e gineers to be made during the com- ing year toward the solution of the country’s highway problems. DECLARES IT OUR DUTY TO URGE YOUTH TO THRIFT William Mather Lewis Emphasizes Need of Frugality in Talk at Club Meeting. Emphasizing the crying need of fr\l-' gality among the people of America at present, William Mather Lewis, of the lchmber of Commerce of the United States addressed the first of the 1922 weekly meetings of the Caravan Club at the City Club yesterday afternoon. Mr. Lewis outlined the activities of the thrift campaign now being con- ducted roughout the country, and said that universal saving on the part of the people was the only possible way for the United States to return to full production and_prosperity. He deplored tile light manner in which certain communities regarded human life, and gave statistics to show that the death rate of some cities ranged from 40 in 1,000 to 250. “Washing- ton is somewhere in the middle of these extremes,” he said, could be prevented. The question is, years from now.” H. members present. and E. his superior officer. sity of America educating aliens would be required and become Americanized. 600 Shriners will be present. H in the future. EXTRADITION I8 PROTESTED. e e Y e H. Louis Taylor, * ‘much of which how much are you and I doing to make the life of a child an economical asset? “It is our duty to think of thrift in terms of the American boy and girl and prepare them, through edu- cation, both mental and physical, to fight the battle of life twenty-five S. Omohondro presided and con- EGYPTIAN DISCOVERIES PROF. REISNER’S TOPIC Gives Interesting Talk Before Geographic Society’s Members. The ancient Ethiopians, lost to his- tory until recently, made use of mod- ern imperialistic strategy, and con- quered Egypt by seizing its roads to raw materials and getting possession of its gold supply. This was brought out in a lecture before members of the National Geographic Society Friday evening by Prof. George A. Reisner, whose discoveries in upper Egypt have given the world a knowledge of the Ethiopian civilization. While the Ethiopians conquered Egypt, he showed, Egyptian culture had con- quered them, and they were thorough- lv Egyptianized. The new chapter of ancient Egyptian history which Prof. Reisner’s discoveries have writ- ten covers the period from about 600 to 250 B. C., and brings to light thirteen kings never before heard of. Prof. Reisner’s excavations in mid- dle and lower Egypt threw an inter- esting light on customs and life along the Nile nearly 4,000 vears ago. Golden pincers used to shape trimmer eyebrows for the kings and queens, ostrich-feather fans almost well enough preserved to use today, razors, mirrors and exquisitely carved ob- jects of art are among the things gratulated the club on its splendid turn-out, there being more than 125 On behalf of Almas Temple, Illus- trious Potentate L. E. Steuart pre- sented framed life membership cer- tificates to Secretary of Labor Davis J. Henning, assistant secre- tary of the same department. Mr. Henning was present and accepted the honors on behalf of himself and He coincided with Mr. Lewis regarding the nefeel:; of children and announced that the Sec- retary of Labor was behind a bill to be presented to Congress whereby all to register Dr. W. Stanley Jones announced progress for the dinner to be tender- ed “Call Me Henry” Lansburgh at tae Wardman Park Hotel Fébruary 2, when it is expected that more than arry G. Kimball, secretary, an- nounced that all meetings of the club would be held at the City Club A protest against the extradition from Canada to North Carolina of Matthew Bullock, negro, charged with inciting a riot in that state, was filed with the State Department today by a committee from the National Race Congress of America. The committee consisted of Revs. W. H. Jernagin, J. | come at the La Fayette Hotel. A large Randolph, W. H. Brooks and J. :‘umhat of Washington scientists and brought to light. One statue found by the expedition and brought to America is rated as one of the two finest objects of Egyptian art so far found. The work in lower Egypt also definitely - identified the mysterious sphinx as the likeness of the kingly builder of the second pyramid. In middle Egypt Prof. Reisner un- covered the administrative city of the Soudan, between 1,900 and 0 years before Christ. The excavatiohs show- ed that when the viceroy died his wives and retainers, in some cases numbering more than 400 people, were buried alive with him. This custom is supposed to have sprung from the ians’ realistic belief in a future life and their desire to accompany thelr lord rather than to be left alone in a land far from their home. In Egypt _proper models of the mem- bers of the family were buried with the departed head of the household. The methods used by the expedi- tions described in the lecture demon- strate that modern efficiency may be pplied even to archeological re- searches. Small railroad tracks were laid_go facilitate the removal of the sand which has drifted over most of the tombs of Egypt: all articles found were carefully card catalogued, and photographs were taken at frequent intervals to record the progress of the work and to show in what positio: various objects were found. Prof. Reisner was the guest of honor at a luncheon given by Henry S. Well- plomats were guests. *