Evening Star Newspaper, January 23, 1922, Page 1

_ Cloudy tonight, degree: ended at 2 p.m. today: 3 p.n. yesterday. a.m. today. No. 28,393. WEATHER. tonight and tomorrow; lowest temperature about 13 continued cold.tomorrow. ‘Temperature for twenty-four hours Highest, 43, at Lowest, Full report on page 7. " Closing New York Stocks, Page 17. Entered as second-class mm?w“ post office Washington, D. £ / PRESIDENT GIYEN AN OVATION WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, JANUARY 23, 1922. TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. ~ BOSHEVIKS TOASK] AS HE URGES BROADER CREDIT ~ FOR RELIEVING FARMERS’ PLIGHT Text of President’s Address In Opening Farm Conference Suggests Six Vital Steps in Opening ‘Conference. OVER 300 EXPERTS TAKE UP PROBLEM Secretary Wallace Seeks Action 'to Make Aid Permanent. , Attended by approximately 300 delegates, Tepresenting agriculture in all its phases and th¢ industries re- lated fo farming, the national agri- cultural conference was- convened in the large ballroom of the New Wil- lard Hotel today by Secretary Wal- lace, and immediately heard frém President Harding a declaration of interest and sympathy by the admin- istration®n the present plight of the nation’s farmers, togethar with a series of suggestions for remedying existing conditions. “ The President, in an address touch- ing upon the agricultural situation in detail. but without attempting to dic- tate the course of the conference dis- cussions, outlined a half-dozen broad questions, to the consideration of which the conference might well give its attention. These briefly included: Six Vital Questions. Development of a thorough code of law and business proceedure with the proper machinery of finances through some agency to insure that' turn- over capital shall be as generpusly supplied to the farmer and on as reakonable terms as to other indus- tries. Formation of co-operative loaning, buying and selling associgtions. Creation of nstrumentalities for collection ‘and distribugion of useful and true information so as to pre- vent violent fluctuatiéns of markets. Practical developgient of the water resources of the sountry both for “transportation and power, including plans for electrification of the na- tion’s railroadg. Metods for bringing about further reclamation, rehabilitation and ex- tension of the agricultural area. Promotion of a new conception of the farmer's place in the national social and economic scheme. President Gets Ovation. The President, who walked the four blocks from the White House to the New Willard Hotel, received a hearty, ovation when lje appeared ia the con- ference hall. The delegates and others in atten- dance, including a number ofisenators and House members, listened atten- tively, and frequéntly applauded the executive's statements. Especially strong applause .grested his declara- tion for more adequate credit facili- -ties and applause also broke forth when the President made a slight di- gression to assert that present condi- tions in the agricultural industry “is truly a national interest and not en- titled to be regarded as primarily the concern of either a class, or a section, or a bloc.” The President was followed by Sec- retary Wallace, who declared the conference had been called to con- sider the present agricultural depres- sion and remedies for it and also the laying down of a permanent policy for the upbuilding of a sustaining agriculture. Mr. Wallace announced that Repre- sentative Anderson of Minnesota, chairman of- the joint congressional inquiry commission, would act as per- reau of markets and crop estimates, as executive secretary. Outlines Relief Plans. Secretary Wallace told the delegates that consiructive efforts might prop- erly be made in three fields, which he outlined as follows: “First, what may be done prop- erly through legislative action, “Second, what may be done through administrative and educa- tional effort, national and _state, by the various agencies charged with the duty of fostering agricul- ture. “Third, what may and should be done by the farmers themselves individually and through their or- ganizations. Finds Ald Sorely Needed. “It is not .my purpose,” the Sécre- tary continued, “to suggest what you shall do here. Realizing, however, that you have come at our invitation and that your time is precious, we have made plans to hélp you use thi% time to the best possible advantage.” The Secretary of Agriculture went on to say that he had “assumed” to set up committees' to deal with the various questions which automatic- ally present themselves in any gath- ering called to consider agricultural problems.” “The agriculture of the nation,” Mr. Wallace declared, “is in a bad state and our entire business and indus- trial life is suffering in consequence. High productior. costs followed by ruinously low prices Have greatly re- duced the farmer's net income, and his purchasing power has been still further reduced by the dispropor- tionately high cost of everything he needs to buy.” < Chairman Anderson’s Address. Joint congressional commission of ag- ricultural inquiry, In an address on “Agricultural Prices dnd the Present Situation,” following that by Secre- tary Wallace, said, in part: “The restoration of conditions of normal operation and prosperity of the farmers of the country is depend- ent, first, upon the completion of the cycle of readjustment of commodity “ prices and of costs and profits of ) manufacture and distribution, and, second, upon the establishment of & means of stabilizing agricultural prices upon a zroflhbla level. “When I consider the desperate character of the situation, I could wish that there was some means of bringing about this condition by gov- ernmental agtion, but I am sure there is no governmental panacea, it there is no magic word of legislation and no magic wand of administrative action that can bring sults. am persuaded that they can only accomplished through a more efficient organization of the produc- ers. Te- Key to Prosperity. 5 “It Is possible by organization for ers to standardize the qw of tie product of many farmers in & given locality and by such standardiza- tion to increase the price per unit for the entire crop. I am convinced that farm tion of a = Chairman Sydney Anderson of £ | i manent chairman of the conference, and Dr. H. C. Taylor, chief of the DI| 4 sound, wise and 1ar-geeing is- the to & President -Harding, in opening the agricultural conference, said: Secretary Wallace and Members of the Conference: It is an occaslon of the greatest satisfaction to me that Secretary Wallace's invitation has been so widely. and cordially accepted. I confess ‘the firm belief that in the public life of a people so intelli- gent as the American nation most Problems may be regarded as well on the way to solution when they are once reduced to their simplest terms dnd generally understood. This conference was called with the aim to bring about such a gen- eral understanding of the critical situation now confronting Ameri- can agriculture. ‘We all understand that this con- ference is not a legislative body. Its recommendations will require to be written into the statute books by other authorities or ap- plied in administration after sanc- tion by those who must assume responsibility. But we do confi- dently anticipate that the consid- erations here had will be helpful and illuminating to those imme- didtely responsible for the formu- Iation-of public policy in dealing with these problems. Therefore, it has seemed to me, I can make no more appropriate observation than that Your work here will be of value Precisely as you address yourselves to the recalities, the matters of fact, the understanding of condi- tions as they are, and the proposal of feasible and practicable methods for dealing with those conditions. Concerning the grim reality of the present crisis jn agriculiure, there can be no differences of opin- ion among informed people. The depressions and discouragements are not peculiar to agriculture, and 1 think it fair to say there could have been no avoidance of a great slump from war-time ex- cesses to the harships of readjue ment. We can have no helpful un- derstanding by assuming that agriculture suffers alone, but we may fairly recognize the funda- mental difficulties which accentu- ate the agricultural discourage- ments and menace the healthful life.of this basic and absolutely necessary industry. ‘War Farmers, 1 do not meed to teli you or the country of the supreme service that the farmer rendered our na- tion and the world during the war. Pecullar circumstances placed our allies in Europe, as well as our own country, in & position of pecu- llar and unprecedented dependence on the American farmer. With his labor supply limited and in conditions which made producing costs high beyond all precedent, the farmer rose to the emergency. He did everything that was asked of him ‘and more than most people believed it was possible for him to do. Now, in his'hour of disaster, consequent on the reaction from the feverish conditions of war, he comes to us asking that he be given support and assistance which shall testify our appreciation of his service. To this he is entitled, not only for the service he has done, but because if we fail him we will precipitate a disaster that will affect every {industrial and commercial activity of the nation. The administration has been keenly -alive to the situation, and has given encouragement and sup- port to every measure which it b lleved calculated to ameliorate the condition of agriculture. In the effort to finance crop movements, to expand foreign markets, to ex- pand credits at home and abroad, much has been accomplished. ‘These have been, it is true, largely in the nature of emergency meas- ures. So long as the emergency continues it must be dealt with as such, but at the same time there is every reason for us to consider those permanent modifications of policy which may make relief per- manent, may secupe agriculture so far as possible against the danger that such conditions will arise again, and place it ag an industry in the firmest and most assured position for the future. « You men are thoroughly familiar ‘with the distressing - detalls of present conditions in the ricul- tural community.- The whole coun- try has an acute.concern with the conditions and the problems which/” you are met tof consider. It is a truly national .interest, and not entitled to be regarded as primar- ily the concern of either a class or a section. Agriculture Oldest of Industries. - Agriculture fis the oldest and most elemental of industries. Every other activity is intimately related to ‘and largely dependent upon it. It is the first industry to which society makes appeal in every pe- riod of distress and difficulty. ‘When war Is precipiatated the first demand is made on the farmer, * that he will produce the where- withal for both combatants and the civil population to be fed, and in large part also to be clothed and equipped. It is‘a curious fact that agriculture has always been the first line of support of commu- nities in war, and too commonly the victim of “those distressess which emanate from great con- flicts. Perhaps I may be pardoned a word by way of developing this idea. Until comparatively very re- cent times the land was the first prize of victory in war. The con- queror distributed the subjugated soil among his {avorites, and gave them his prisoners as slayes to work it. Thus the ownership of the land beécame the symbol of favor and aristocracy, while -the _ working of/it was regarded as the nials, dedicated to fll- paid toil in order that the owners of the land and the rulers of the state ight be able to maintain th ives in luxury and to en- force their political authority. Coming down ugh the ages, ‘we sce the advance of clvilization the soil _under the feudal order, cceeding those of slavery. Later we see the crgnic: of a rural * peasantry, comprising broadly tho who till the soil, but In most cases do not own it, and v:‘l_:i:u Political unjust heredity and restored to the full dignity and {ndependence to_which it is entifled. Even in our own times and un- der the most modern and enlight- ened establishments the soil has continued to enjoy less liberal in- stitutions for its encouragement and promotion than many other forms of industry. Commerce and manufacturing have been afforded ample financial facllities for their encouragement and expansion, while agriculture on the whole has lagged behind. The merchant, the manufacturer, the great instru- ments of public transportation, have been provided methods by which they enlist necessary capi- tal more readily than does the farmer. A great manufacturing industry can consolidate under the ownership of a single corporation with a multitude of stockholders, a great number of originally sep- arate establishments, and thus ef- fect economies and concentrations -and acquire for itself a power in the markets where it must buy and in the markets where it must sell such as have not been made available to agriculture. The farmer is the most individualistic and independent citizen among us. « He comes nearest to being self- sufficient, but precisely because of this he has not cjaimed for him- self thel right to ecmploy those means of co-operation, co-ordina- tion and consolldation which serve so usefully in other industries. A score or more of manufacturers consolidate their interests under a corporate organization and!attain a great increase of thelr power in the markets, whether they are buy- ing or selling. The farmer, from the very mode of his life, has been estopped from these effective com- binations. THerefore, because he buys and sells as an individual it is his fate to buy in the dearest and sell in the cheapest market. Farmers Require Capital. The great industrial corporation sells its bonds in order to get what we may call its fixed or plant capi- tal, just as the farmer sells a mortgage on his land in order to get at least a lurge part of his fixed or plant capital. I am not commending the bonding or mert- gage system of capitalization, rather only recognlzing a fact. But there in large part the analogy ends. Both the manufacturer and - the farmer still require provision of working capital. The manufac- turer, whose turnover is rapid, finds that In the seasons when he needs unusual amounts of working capital, to the bank.and Dborrow en short-time notes. -His turnover {s rapid, and the money will come back in time to meet his slort-term obligation. The mer- chant finances his operations in’ the same way. But the farmer is in a different case. His turnover period is a long one; his annual production is small compared to the amount of investment. For almost any crop the turnover pe riod Is at least a year; for lives stock it may:require two or three years for a single turnpver. Yet the farmer is compelled, if he bor. rows his working capital, to bor- row for short periods, to renew, his paper several times before his turnover is possible, and to take the chance that if he'is called upon untimely to pay off his notes he may be compelled to sacrifice growing crops or unfinished live- stock. Obviously, the farmer needs to have provisions, adapted to his requirements, for extension of credit to produce his working cnpl;sl. Under the -necessities of war time, consolidation and centrali- zation of credit resources and financial capabilities went far to sustain the struggle. Essential industries were extended the help and support of society because so- ciety recognized its dependence on them. Much that was economi- cally unsound and unfair was per- petrated under cover of this effort to uphold necessary industrial fac- tors. But the lesson was useful, and justifies inquiry as to whether, properly adapted, to peace condi- tions, the methods of larger inte- gration and wider co-operation might not well be projected into times of peace. The need of bet- ter financial facilities' for the farmer must be apparent on the most casual consideration of the . -Profound divergence between meth- . capitalist he earns the - cedure,'with the proper machinery . shall be as generously' supplied farmer and casona) ods of financing agriculture and other industries. The farmer who owns his farm {s capitalist, ex- ecutive and laborer all in one. As maller re- turn on his investmenf. As ex- ecutive, he is little pald, and as laborer he is greatly underpaid in comparison to labor in other occu- pations. Finances Misunderstood. There is much misconception re- garding the financial status of ag- riculture. If the mortgage indebt- edness of farms shows, over a given period, a marked tendency to increase, the fact become occasion for concern. If during the same period the railroads or the great industries controlied by corpora- tiens find themselves able to in- crease their mortgage indebted- ness by dint of bond issues, the fact “is heralded as .evidence of better business conditions and of capital's increased willingness to engage In these industries and thu{ insure larger production and better employment of labor. Both the mechanism of finance and the preconceptions of, the community are united in creating the impres- sion' that easy access to ample capital 18 & disadvantage to the farmer, and sn evidence of his decay in prosperity, while pre- clsely the same circumstances are- construed in other industries as evidence of prosperity and of-de- sirable business expansion. s n the matter of what may be called: fixed investment capital - the disadvantage of the farmer so strongly ‘Tmpressed public opinion that a few years ago the federal farm loan board was established to afford better supplies of capital for plant investment and to insure - moderate interest rates. But while unquestionably farm finance :has ' benefited, the board has thus far not_extended its operations to the provision of working capital for the farmer distinguished from rmanent investment in the plant. ere should be developed a ‘thor- ough code of law and business pro~ of finance, through some to -insure that turnover ‘a8 veq +4Admiral GIGANTIC SUMS OF - EUROPEANSANDUS, Reparations Claims Beggar- ing Description to Be Pre- sented at Genoa. -|EXPERTS PLAN ATTACK ON “CAPITALIST” FORCES Great Powers Blamed for Counter Revolutionary’ Attacks Against Moscow Regime. By the Associated Press. ’ MOSCOW, January 23.—Bolshevik delegates to the Genoa conference will present reparation claims there against various European powers and the United States. If these claims are made in terms of bolshevik rubles, new names for large amounts may be necessary, for the familiar terms of the decimal system will not cover the staggering sums claimed by this contry, which issues single bills for one hundred million rubles, and dis- cusses deficits of trillions of rubles as mere bagatelles. Leonid Krassin, Maxim Litvinoff, M. Rakawsky and scores of other com- munist leaders, who probably will go to-Genoa, juggle figures with the same indifference that a professional strong man shows while tossing weights about a stage. The Versailles conference mustered no such brigades of experts as the Moscow government called into serv- ice months ago, and has been training for the communist attack upon c italistic fortresses at Genoa. Every possible brand of political, social, his- torical and econdmic_expert has been drafted, and Russia has a variety of them which has never been dreamed of by the western world. Base Claims on Revolt Damage. Foreign debts owed by Russia and the claims of other governments against the sovict regime will be as nothing when compared with the amounts that Moscow has chalked up against England, France and Ameri- ca. The Alabama claims, upon which the United States was syccessful aft- er the civil war, form the chief prece- dent upon which the bolshevik gov- ernment will present Its claims. Reams of documents will be present- ed to show the responsibility of the great powers for the damage suf- fered by Russia as a result of the Czech-Slovak advance in ment, the Archangel expedition, Gen. Denikine’s sweep northward from the Caucasus, Gen. Baron Wrangel's Cri- mean expedition, Gen. Yudeniteh’s flasco in the Baltic states, Simon Pet- lura’s activities in Ukraine, and hun- dreds of small s expeditions not re- ported to the western world. Demands resulting from the upris- ing in Karelia will be charged to the joint account of Finland and the entente powers. Japan will be deb- ited for the white Russian movement now proceeding against the far east- ern republic. Gen. Makno and scores of other bandit leaders in Ukraine will be dragged into the accounting with Poland and France. Gen. Sem- ienoff and Gen. Baron Ungern-Sternberg, leaders in fighting that has taken place in the far east, will be revived, with other forgotten leaders number- ing in the hundreds. Figured la “Hated Currency.” As western imagination cannot com- prehend the figures represented by bolshevik money, it seems probable Moscow will make her claims in gold rubles—the hated currency upon which the communist government is pasing its budget 1n the effort to re- turn to the old economic policy. At first there was a disposition to make claims for all damage done to property in the various movements against the sowet government as well as for lives sacrificed and indirect damage to business, the prestige of | the governnient losses resulting from the blockade. There was a report at one time that the total amounts to nearly one -hundred billion gold rubles, but there are indications that another policy may be followed be- aere made to prove indirect damages. At any rate, the bolshevik bill S jon treaty, and .claims . under th | teaty. 5,_.;3&'..« th o t cause of the difficulties always met in: international courts when attempts against the outside world will doubt- less far overbalance all possjble claims the outside powers may pre- sent on behalf of their governments, corporétions and individuals. Explains Soviet Attitude. George Chitcherin, the bolshevik foreign minister, has recelved the for- eign newspaper correspdndents and | p) explained to them the attitude of the soviet government toward .the ap- proaching economic conference at Genoa. He expressed satisfaction that the government.had been able to let down the barriers and welcome ign newspapermen. He was espe- ::?:lel; desirz?m he declared, of re- futing statements made in the French press that the soviet government was going to Genda with the purpose of finding a large tribune for the dissem- mination of propaganda having in view world revolution. “We are going to Genoa, or London, as may be arranged,” said M. Chitch- erin, “neither as conquered nor as conquering. We.shall fight, but our fight will be for commercial develop- ment—not for revolution. We are ing to. the conference to fight equals with the other powers, as jepresentatives of the proletarian government, offering the capitalistic .governments an opportunity for de- loping the great resources of Rus- v sia in such a way as to do justice to the R\ullnln pmlf::{;u!:‘_"u well as ‘foreign capitalis Ny !omméhltgn‘fln sald world equilibrium may be restored onlycthrough the d |7 Russia °3‘emme. - antagonisms i vnie %, Qolmn 2.y s L Five Octaves In Range Of Serbian Who Sings Contra F and High 4 BY A. R. DECKER. 0 The tar and Chicazo Daily ws. Copyright, 1922. c A, Austria, January 21. —The Austrian Association for Phonetics belleves that a iarvel has been discov- ered in the persom of Michael Georgevic Prita, a Serbianm, whoxe volee commands five oc- taves. Prof. Leopold Rethi of the University of Vienna, a moted Iaryngologist, who exam- ined Pri says the Serblan inger hitx contra F with forty- two vibrations, changing with- ont a brenk and with full tone throngh the baritone and tenor zonex nnd then, after a alight transition, registers to soprano like a falnetto, striking high A with 1,740 vibrations per second, beating the famous Patti, who WARNS LANDLORDS | WHO OVERCHARGE Senator King Intimates Ball | Law Extension Lies With Them. who charge what he termed exorbl- tant rents was sounded in the Senate this afternoon by Senator King of Utah. Senator King told the Senate had come to him of the rent charges in this city. Many senators are op- posed to the Ball rent law, he said, *“because we have some doubts as to the landlords of the District persist in the extortionate prices there will of a resolution extending the presen! flaw.” The distriet had these matters called to his atten- hope that the investigation which he i he terms the existing evils. He read several of the letters and said that him to complain of certain conditiens point to combinations of ecircum- stances which resulted in keeping up { them the high cost of financing build- ing projects and fake sales of real estate. : } Points to Fake Sales. One of the letters read-to the Sen- ate by Senator King suggests that very fruitful field of Investigation the district attorney rob: i1-s In an > M o instead of bona fide saler (Continued on Page 5, Column 1.) e DISTRICT DAY SET ASIDE. Way ‘in House. the House today. he would yield on account of th portance of the appropriation bili independent from last week. ’ —_— ELECTROCUTION FOR D. C. Senate Passes Bill to Substituts Present Hangings. District of Columbia after n Dial, democrat, South Carolina, passed today by the Senate. 7 DEATH CLAIMS CARDINAL. Almaraz y Santos Succumbs at 5 “Madrid, Spain. g MADRID, January{23.—Cardinal Al- maraz y Santds, seventy-four, Arch- bishop of Toledo, died last night. In 1835 he became secretary -to. the Archbishop of Madrid and attorney, he said, has tion, and Senator King expressed the expects to institute into the building i situstion here may tend to cure what|clearly indicated what may be ex- prevailing in the city which tended to | ¢o remove ! the prices of building here, among t for in his proposed , nin: o whereby Appropriation ‘Bill Gets Right of | District day was again set aside in 3 Chairman Focht of the House District cémmittee announced that m- for establishments which hangs over as unfinished business Persons sentenced to death In:the June 1 would be electrocuted instead’ of _being hanged under & bill by Senator made a2 GURB UPON ARMS | EXPORTS TO CHINA MAY BE TAKEN UP (Far East Committee Also May Get Text of Russo- Chinese Pact of 1896. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. An important statement regard- fog Siberia, declaring that Japan Bas no intention of impairing the territarinl integrity of Husala, was made by Baron Shidehara, Japanese ambaxsador, at a meeting of the far enst committee of the Washington conferemee today. The Jonanese snokesman made it elear to the conferemce committee that ‘Japan has every intemtiom of withdmmwing her troops from SR | Dberia, imeclnding Sakhalin, when ‘ ke is convinced that a stable gov- erament, expable of protecting the Japanese nationals fn that terri- tory, has been established. The statement was characterized as ome of great significance and importance by members of*other delegntions after the meeting. A proposal relating to the prohibi- tion of the exportation of arms to China and a report of the committee Warning to landlords in the District | ©f €Xperts on the Chinese Eastern railway were expected to occupy the attenti6n of the far east committee of the Washington conference when it-met today. In gddition to this, it might lay before the committee the official text of the Russo-Chinese al- liance of 1896. _There was a suggestion, also, that its constitutionality,” and added, “if | the committee -today might turn its attention to the question of Siberia, which follows China on the confer- grow up in the District an irresisti- | 1C¢ agenda. The speech of Count ble sentiment in favor of the passage Uchida, minister of foreign’ affairs of t|Japan, before the Japanese diet Sat- urday, in which he stated the inteny tion of the Japanese government was not to withdraw Japanese troops from Siberla until a stable govern- ment had been established there, is believed in comference circles to have pected from the Washington confer- firmation by Japan of her intention her'forces frpm the mari- Iuma province of Siberia, it is sug- gested, will be about all that can be obtained and will be considered an important statement. U. 8. Withdrew in 1820, The United States withdrew its troops’ from Siberia' in the spring of 1920. They had gone into Siberid Japan, Great Britain and China. The massacre of Japanese at Nikolaievak took place, and the Japanese occupied Saghalien. A note from the- United States asked Japan to explain this occupation. The Japanese replied that Nikolaievsk was in that political di- vision of Siberia, and that it was necessary to_protect their nationals. There the matter rested. The United States, however, later sent investi- gators from the United States embas- 8y _in Tokio to China. Count Uchida’s statement to the diet in regard to the Japanese troops in Siberia-was said by a spokesman. for tRe British today to be what was ex- | pected of the Japanese. He charac- terized it as clear, definite and log- ical. He indicated it was expected that at the Waghington conference Japan wopld give some undertaking to remové her troops from Siberia when it became safe for Japanese na- tionals in Siberia. Japan would neces- sarily have to-be the. judge of the time when this situation arose, he said. SRR : The matter of the exportation of arriis to/Ching was to be brought for- ward by the American delegation, it was said, il the form of a resolution. The Ui [ ‘States Congress has re- cently. ‘put-through a bill seeking to prevent the exportation of arms from this country to China, which might €' that country worse. There has been eral agreement of the powers in :t“n to“t’hh matter. BD‘“ it is planned at the preseni conference o make it still more definite, it was ..1'%. committee ‘of experts on ‘the Chinese railway, it is understood, has ‘that the Iw to make internal conditions 1n TS5 Kentuoke - FREUD\STS P SHAKE MRS / \ W Courz £ the jrailroad,|. 1920.. commission, ! ialirozd <} ricks \ [ All Unmrkd Women, 16 to 30, in Bulgaria, Compelled to Work BY CONSTANTINE i STEPHANOVE. By Cable to The Star and Chicaco Daily News. Copyright, 1922. SOFIA, Bulgaria, January 23. —Bulgaria is making unique history these days. The gov. erument Ix caliing upon all un- married women between the ages of sixteen and thirty to do compulsory service. Hitherto it has called only on the youns men. The girls are recruited for four months and the service of each ix 10 be performed as | mear her home nx poxxibl are working winh- excuned. is required to a blank stating the cause of her inability to carry out her wervice obligation. It the cominz year will utilize the ‘work of more than 100,000 girls. HEARTY BIDTOU.S. INLONDON SPEECH British Opinion Indicates America Would Be “Life | of the Genoa Party.” BY N. 0. MESSENGER. Speaking of conferences, Premier that a great number of complaints|Was said that the Chinese delegation|y;,uq George's speech in London last Szturday is interpreted in conference circles in Washington as being a very hearty bid for the participation of the United States in the Genoa confer- ence. His and the expressions of other European statesmen would seem to indicate that Uncle Sam is expected ito be “the life of the party” in case he elects to hang his tall felt hat on the hal] rack at the Genoa meeting. It may be a sad affair without him. ‘The British premier gave his cordial indorsement of the “Harding idea” of cenferences among nations—where the nations gather around the council board and talk things over, face to face. Mr. Lloyd George much prefers this method to the old diplomacy, al- a number of people had come to|®nce in regard to Siberia. A reaf-|gnough it is noted that announcement has been made that France and Eng- land will negotiate the Franco-Brit- ish pact by the old plan. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively eatitied to the use for republication of all mews dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published berein, All rights of publication of special dispatches berein are also reserved. Saturday’s Net Circulation, 39,438 Sunday’s Net Circulation, 90512 | i 1 i “You cannot argue with a dispatch. you cannot reason with a diplomatic message,” the premier is quoted as saying, “we must come face to face. I have profound faith in the ultimate reason of fan.” Asserting that *“men who hate conferences are men who with the troops of the allies, including | 3i51ike realities” he went on to say of the Genoa conference: “It will be the greatest international conference ever held. All the nations of earth have been invited, because we want to end wars and rumors of wars.” “Like Wings of an Angel.” He sald that as the Washington conference is.éstablishing peace in- one part of the globe he looks to the Genoa conference to establish it . in another, and said, “They will be like two wings of an angel hovering over the world.” It is admitted in conference circles that the administration finds itself in q'l'l'lntelel"ns position ‘*in regard to t! Genoa_{iuvitation, entirely war- (Continued on Fage 2; Column 3.) Today’s News In Brief President Harding given bj at opening of agricultu: confer- ence. Page Full text of President’s address at ovation agricultural conference. Pags 1 Grand jury begins probe into Char! 'W. Morse case. Page 1 Landon press'amazed by Irish o- ment hfiween Cralg and Collg:mm 4 age Congress leaders eed -up legi: tion in . hope ,:!.Dldbmgfln: s y Juné 1. Page 2 Maryland legislature to meet tonight in first session following recess: -~ -4 / Page § Premier. Poincare revives diplom: of the old style in notes tg Gr'.:’t Britain. Page 9 Chicago man, out of work, admits kill- ing wife and child. Page 11 Steel indnstry asks L C. C. to abolish advance of freight rates nrd;mfl {J'l > 5 age |ed with gold. | pontifical mitre, reposes upon cush- {ions of red and gold velvet, The {hands, wearing the pontifical gloves lof purple silk and holding the ros- |3ty are clasped over the breast. | | cession. was h imerie of the Vatican, the pontifical . Labor ‘ouv‘l‘ allows_split TWO CENTS. CONCLAVE T0 ELECT SUCCESSOR T0 POPE OPLYS FEB. 1 0R 2 American Cardinals May Not Arrive in Time for First Sessions. BODY OF BENEDICT LIES IN STATE IN ST. PETER'S Solemn and Impressive Ceremonies Attend Procession From Vatican. Immense Crowds Present. By the Asgociated Pres: . ROME, January 23.—The meeting of the sacred college in conclave to elect 2 successor to the late Pope Benedict Wwill open February 1 or February 2, it was stated today. While all the cardinals resident in Iiurope are expected to reach Rome in time for the cqnclave, it is considered extremely doubtful whether the American cardinals will find it pos- sible to be present, at least for the opening of the session, as the date set 1s barely ten days away. Likely Candidates. Cardinals Maffi, La Fontaine and Ratti, of Pisa, Venice and Milan, re- spectively, are the most prominently mentioned in Vatican circles today as the most likely candidates for the po- sition as successor to Pope Benedict. In these circles Cardinal Mafi ap- parently is a pronounced favorite, even of these three prelates. J In the basilica of St. Peter’s historic j church of his faith the body of Pope Benedict XV lay in state today, while vast throngs passed revertntly before the catafalque. Early in the day all that was mor- tal of the late pontiff, whose death in the eariy hours of Sunday plunged the church, throughout the world in- to deepest mourning, was taken from the throne room of the Vatican where it had been placed on Sunday, shortly lafter his death, splemnly carried to St. Peter’s attended by a procession of. cardinals, priests, members of the diplomatic corps and dignitaries of the Vatican, and placed on the cata- falque, surrounded by votice candles. Public Admitted. Word was given that the public of Rome would be admitted to St Peter’s up to 11 o'clock, and immense crowds tmmediately began entering the vast edifice and filing by the body. The body s robed in_ white, with stole and chasuble of red., embroide: The head, wearing t] The body, as it was solemly brought into St. Peter's was borne upon a red jcovered bier by ushers, clad in medie- val costumes of scarlet. The pro- d by b3 the gendar- o police with their elaborate uniforms of blue and white, walking with drawn swords. Following them were the palatine guards, in dark blue uni- forms and plumes of black feathers standing erect. One Dressed in Black. One of the cardinals who followed in | the procession, Cardinal Casquet, alone was dressed in full black. Cardinals { Fruehwirt and Poggiani stood out in the distinction of their white dominiean robes, while the remainder of the car- dinals, more than two score in number, due to the arrival of a number of the | Italian cardinals, wore the red of ther rank. All moved with bowed heads, recit- ing their prayers and proceeding at a slow pace, their faces grave with the solemnity of the occaslon. Guards -flanked the members of the sacred college. Then came the mem- bers of the diplmatic corps, ih black ‘mourning attire. The bishops and mon- signorl, numbering some 200, fell in be hind, closing the long and solemn file. Cortege Moves Om. Passing from the throne room to the hall of Clementine, the cortege entered the o down the Scala regia to the first floor, then along the loggia of Raphgzel to, the Pope’s robing room for religious. - ceremonies, passing through the very corridor where it is thought his holi~ ness caught the cold which resulted in his death. Tne processiori then passed through the sala ducale to the stairs of Constantine, and thence along to the entrance to St. Peter's and into the massive edifice where the body will lie in state until tomor- row in the Chapel of the Holy Sacra- ment. The body of Pope Benedict lay for. some time in the chamber where he' died. There was a pilgrimage of prelates, ambassadors and nfinisters to the pontifical bedroom to look upon the face of the departed haly fathey. Benedict woge his papal robes ‘and in his hands was a guary. His face was somewhat drawh, indicating tl intense -suffering through which he passed before death intervened. Body in Brass Bed. The body 1ay on a single brass bel, with four largé carfdelabra with burning candles at each corner, Two noble guards in full dress uni- forms of striking red, with their gleaming gold belts and high Roman helmets, stood at rigid attention at the foot of the bed. With swords drawn they appeared like statues. At the foot of the bed there were several prie-dieux, where visitors kneeled and offered prayers for the ul of the departed pontiff. Along- side the wall during the day pre- Jates recited the rosary. Frequemt- 1y one of them would go to the bed- side of the pontiff, kneel and pray and then, rising; bend over the pon- tiff's body and kiss his hands, feet and head. Paintings on \W-!l. On the walls of the modestly fur- nished apartment were four oil paint- ings. Beside the bed stood a small table. On that side of the bed from which the windows everlooked St. out the day a. group-of prelates and loggia and proceefed ‘ -1 negasqares © o droup, “witd it LR