Evening Star Newspaper, March 13, 1921, Page 35

- 'FALL OF RED REGIME |PLANS UNLIKELY JUST NOW Only Thoroughly Organized Central Force, Furnishing Rallying Point, Can End Russian Soviet Misrule. BY OLIVER OWEN KUh . NEW Russia is to be born. A new mnation will emerge from the sordidness of the present ts, but with the German indem- still occupying _the statesmen and people it is likely that France for the moment will leave Russian questions ‘ to Russians. Undoubtedly. however, = regime. which is founded UPOR |o\ery moral support will be lent to . and sustained in the blood of helpless [the former members of the duma under Kerensky, who have been ac- tive in Paris ever since the bolshe- vists assumed power and who have appealed to the world for support in anti-soviet machinations. Union of Border States. If the anti-soviet movement receives support from the outside it unquestion- ably will come from those states bor- dering upon Russia and who are known to have been living in abject fear of al- most momentary incursion by the bol shevist armies. ~ If Lithuania can come to agreement with the Poles these border states have it within their power to form a strong wall against the bolshe- vists and at the same time lend materia) support to any anti-bolshevist move- ment. Finland, Jealous of new-found liberties and ever suspicious of #os- cow's intent, is ready to join an al- liance composed of Lithuania, Esthonia, Poland and Rumani te Russia, composed largely of Ruthenians, has de- clared its independence of the soviet regime. Should the Poles desist from their efforts to impress ) interests upon the Ruthenians and Ukrainians, a concord may be effected between these peoples which would but fortify border interests. Rumania is ever ready to Russians. A prostrate people is cer- tain to rise again, and in the vigor and confidence of newly found power create @ new empire which will cher- ish the good in old traditions, found new principles of government and take new paths toward progress. There is no force so terrible, so ruth- less and so sweeping as an aroused public conscience inspired by bitter- est of privations. That power is be- ginning to crystallize in Russia to- day, but it is only in its formative stages. The flames of revolt against the insidious, cruel and barbarous regime under the soviet government in Mos- cow are spreading over the length and breadth of the old empire. Peas- ants are beginning to realize their complete helplessness in the hands of selfish despots, who have perpetuated their regime by the power of the sword and terrible prison ordeals for their enemies. Even a great mass of the workingmen are weary unto death of the disorganized conditions which force them to slave as dog for a bare pittance in the form of vile food. Russians Awaking. Best informed advices indicate that the Russian people—the masses—are awaking to a sense of betrayed na- tional pride. Instead of seeing their once great nation advance, they have witnessed its fall to a point where all are in the slough of despond, and Russia is looked upon by the world at large as a leper. because of po- litical theories. News of the most recent revolt In Kronstadt and Petrograd is not sur- prising. That there should he a strike of hundreds of thousands of workmen in the Moscow district is but natural. That the revolutionary sentiments should spread under the dictatorial and bombastic regimes of Boviet commissaries in the provinces mote from the more populous cen- ters is but logical, for all Russia to- day is suffering. ! But, although the people of the whol® counary may be in the bottom- most pit of despair, it is hardly like- ly that the soviet regime in Moscow will be overthrown at the moment Lenin and Trotsky have had four years to build up a military machine that cahnot be surpassed in cruelty in all history. Trotsky, the military dictator of the nation, has hundreds | of thousands of soldiers who realize that their daily bread will come only | by fealty to the soviet regime. Great masses of these ignorant fighters are | cess. Should a sane regime ever be fearful of the terrible massacres, | established in Moscow and Petrograd such as have wiped out in the past | the allies believe they have it within those elements that have for a mo- | their power to frustrate any German- possible bolshevist incursions. Through Rumania and Poland, if not directly, the allied powers most interested in seeking a rejuvenated Russia might operate successfully against the reds. Any show of open assistance to anti-soviet forces by allied powers would react against the revolutionaries. for Lenin and | Trotsky have builded up general preju- dice against allied nations during their tenure. . Bolshevists May Strike. Tnasmuch as Lenin blames the pres- ent outbreak upon allied intrigue and has promised that his encmjes shall be crushed in the spring. it is not im- probable that the bolshevists may strike toward those smaller states which have in anywise lent moral support to the latest and most serious upheavals, and in order to prevent a successful working out of any pro- posed Baltic-Polish-Rumantan~ all ance. otwithstanding apparent allied in- difference, it is an established fact that western nations are closely watching development of the Luden- dorft plan, which would embrace the Germanization of the whole of central and eastern Europe by the aid of Rus- sia. Though allied countries may at the moment be unable to render direct aid to any anti-bolshevist movement, it is nevertheless ardently hoped that the present upheavals will eventually develop into a powerful anti-soviet movement and be crowned with suc- ment opposed the belshevist leader- | Russian scheming designed toward shij. Trotsky's army is held togeth- | co-operation between these two peo- er by fear and fear alone. These!ples in resisting allied dictates. men have witnessed the fall of the With the occupation of additional three counter revolutionary leaders— | Rhine territories by allied armies the Denikine, Kolchak and Wrfln‘el—‘quenion of reparations has not been whose efforts against the bolshevists | settled. Germany has abided by the were more or less organized and in action with sispiclous complacency. measure supported from the outside. | Even firmer are the threats of re Only when the red armies realize | venge upon the allies, and it is known that at last a counter revolutionary | the Germans are not beyond making movement has power enough to suc- | overtures to the Russian soviet re- ceed will the soldiers dare forsake ) gime looking toward co-ordination of the Moscow regime. their man power, with the double mo- tive in view of defeating reparations e N e e tewer that | demands of the allies' and the per- (hes Tavelt slastingrtn: Masustadt un- | Toinstion of ithe!soyict miaruls dad der the leadership of Kozlovsk wil | Imfuence ¥ succeed. ‘There is no reason to be- Russ-German Union. lieve at the moment that the coun-| The present German government, well ter revolutionaries are sufficiently or- ganized, properly . clothed and suf- + ficiently supplied to press home any temporary military success they may have achieved during the past week. Only a thoroughly organized and suf- ficiently equipped military force can expect to succeed, for only in such organization will revolting Russians be inspired to generally turn against Lenin and Trotsky. Previous anti-soviet efforts have lacked force through inability to mar- shal popular sentiment against red leaders. When a new leader has arisen who will inspire respect through mil tary achievement—one who, inci dentally, can gain the ears and re- spect of the masses of wavering men in the Trotsky army—then and then only may the peasants find a rallying the Russian soviet leaders. would never enter into such a hazardous project un- less specific agreements were effected Germany, but even then there would be no assurance that the Russians would not turn upon the Germans once the main object of defeating allied purpose was accomplished, if it ever were possi- ble to reach such end. German co-operation with Russia is openly preached in Germany today, and if Lenin and Trotsky thought they might perpetuate their own regime, and at the same time forever crush the bor- der states, once more incorporating them in the Russian nation, it is not believed they would hesitate iong. Fur- thermore, through such co-operation Germany might rcalize her hope to wipe out the newly created Poland and by ers of their DOt and S e e e Mfoncow, | FAPPrOChements With the Russians re- Only then can anti-soviet Russians at | establish her eastern frontiers. e srond begin to feel that the | 1t is confidently believed by the allles hour of Lenin's fall is at hand. that they are in position to meet any such eventuality, for armies east of the Little Outalde Ald. Rhine are in position to strike forward 1t is extremely doubtful at any junc-{quickly to any section of Germany and ture that the Russians will be able to muzzle, or at least curtail, German activ- eo-ordinate anti-soviet revolt with- ity in unison with the Russians, and the + out outside assistance, but it is ex- | excuse for the action would be open, that little aid wil: be given |flagrant attempts to completely fru directly by any of the allied pow- | trate allied purposes. ers at the moment .| But that Europe would once more be- France, who h lost billions of |come a seething maelstrom {8 unques- francs through bolshevist repudiation | tioned. All Europe will continve fever- ©of debts, and spurred on by the de- |ish as long as there is a sick Russia, a mands of its workingmen, who largely | Russia scething with international in- invested in Russian loans, may make | trigue, a Russia dominated by a clique some effort to lend assistance when |that has demonstrated an amazing lack once it becomes apparent that after [of honor. decency and divic righteous- all there is likely opposition to the | ness. e HYGIENE AND PHYS'OLOGY!long. according to their various dis- | tricts. may be joined by married and RSE TO BE REVISED |inmarried men alike Tt keeps a COURSE | bachelor house, the hostess of which | must be obtained by force or cunning |from some distant tribe. “She lives {under polyandrous system, in which Supt. Ballou to Have School r"°'|n m“{bpfiom" Al o aaitte | wives of the village object to their gram of Changes Worked !hu.bl!":’;, R et o e ! one of the men eventually marries the Out by Committee. | hostess e sets up a home for her. Steps to revise the course of study | When it comes down to clothes. hysiology and hygiene in the ele- | Which are scunty enough, they are I O batiic. chools are being taken used mostly for decoration, since {he Supt. Ballou. The new course, Climate does not really necessitate a the details of which will be worked |covering. The chief decoration of the out by a committee of officials and :'ml' is a string of pink shells made Seachers. appointed by the superin- | in the form of a necklace. No man is tendent, will have incorporated in it|rich enough to own such a treasure. some of the featurcs of the health Thereforc the best one jare loaned < o] wearer for a tim, :"v‘:::l( yc:.y:::.cled in the schools for |OUL B0 Lhe N fasmimer ime The revision of the hygiene and | * % ox % hysiology course will be made wit T S \Bbee te Tmpeaving the merite of thie| 100 YoP Wemen subject and to make it more modern. | Veil a8 do some other women in the The committee which will make the | far east. Their dress is a volumi- :’r::nfil-":‘-";h s course is composed Of | nous skirt made of leaves or fiber. Dr. Rebecca Stoneroad, director of | They are composed of four'or five physical training; Miss A. J. Turner, | thicknesses. A dress lasts on the assistant director of physical train-'average one month. After a female ing: Dr. Joseph A. Murphy, chief(gathering the ground looks as medical inspector of the schools: Miss | though there had been an unusual Flora Hendley, supervising principal | fall of leaves. The women's styles do of the sixth division; Mrs. Cora Grant, | Not change. This voluminous skirt, crusade leader of the Tuberculosis| however, has little to do with the Association: Mrs. V. 8. Peters, rep- | Modesty or immodesty of the women senting the primary grades of di-|2f Vap. What corresponds to the a“”. o aleven. twelve ana thir-| **fl of the harem woman in Yap is Sl 2 @ thin cord of fiber. This must be teen; Miss Jessie Brown, representing| worn ahout her neck by evi v intermediate grades of the first nine iy 41 times, whether the woman divisi Dr. B. I. Renfro, represent-! pe y. - e woman ivisions; Dr. be young or old. * ing the intermediate grades of the| The natives are of the Malay race tenth. eleventh, twelfes and thirteenth|and are largely supported by their @'visions, and Miss Alice Hobgood.|fishing and raids on the pearl beds Trepresenting the intermediate gradesiof the neighboring Pelew Islands. of the first nine divisions. Yap lay outside the great traffic Teachers are requested by Dr. Bal-|routes and the natives were left very Jou to assist the committee in its|much to themselves by their Spanish work by sending the members any masters, before they were turned suggestions which the teachers de-|Over to' the Germans. They devel- sire to incorporate in the proposed re- | Obed a primitive religion of thirty wision of the course of study. gods. Their social structure con- sists of four classes, magicians, l:r lncrn‘(a. plutocrats and slaves. i Svery plutocrat owned his own mint Island of Yap Inhabited | am, Ty RS c oty Vi, "wae purchased by Germany the year aft- by 7,000 Care-Free Malays (Continued from First Page.) er the United States acquired the Philippines and Guam from Spain, Germany purchased along with Yap the Ladrones, together with the Caro- lines and Pelew Islands, for $4,200,000. land. It is the only land that many | Fourteen years before a German gun- of the natives know. Yap is sur-|boat, the Itlis, undertook to raise réunded by an atoll, but is itself of | the German flag over Yap. There voleanis origin. The only good har- | great excitement in Spain over t ‘Dor of Yap is Tomil bay. but finally the Pope induced the Ka The club to which the natives be-|ser to move his forces out of Yap, join any alliance designed to fustrate: aware of the tricky characteristics of || providing against the bolshevization of |/ 10 not wear the | Herhert Hoover, in an authorized statement yesterday, outlined a plan for intensive study of the problems of production, distribu- tion and connumption of food. The occasion for his statement nroxe from the recent ammounce- ment that Carnegie Corporation of New York h entered into an i be established at the unmiver- ity 1t wan Mr. Hoover who first aug- mested wuch an institute to Car- negie Corporation, and the cholee of the university for Ita home was due In part to the fact that Leland Stanford, Jr. has reccived the Rreat collection of documentary material reiative to the econom’c side of the war which the former food administrator gathered dur- apecifie ways in which a sclentific and enm- prehensive study of the food ques- tion could he conducted with an alm toward practienl results. ghe statement foltowns: BY HERBERT HOOVER. HE New Fodd Research Insti- tute will devote Itself to the investigation and illumination of faats in three principal 4 rections: First. The distribution system—the jeconomic side. cond. The chemistry of food man- facturing processes—the chemiagil side. Third. The production and agricul- tural side of foods. Some of the problems to be studied appertain to milk, the price margin between producer and consumer, de- termination of a basic standard of living, cost of producing agricultural commodities,"and world aspects of the food supply. The milk problem first-grade is a subject of importance in public health. In China the woman nurses the child until it is three or four years old, and then transfers it to the general diet of the community. In this country the child is weaned be- fore it is a year old. and bhecomes dependent upon the domesticated cow, to a greater or less extent, until ma- turity is attained. The Milk “Problem. With the development of urbaniza- tion, the dependence of the child upon the cow becomes more and more diffi- cult to maintain. The per capita con- sumption of milk in cities falls. The more intense the struggle for exist- ence. the lower the milk supply of the industrial classes. The substitutions of other foodstuffs for milk and the results thereof are important prob- lems. It will be necessary, in the first place, to make a comprehensive study of milk production from the stand- {point of agriculture and economics. One such investigation for one small area was carried out during the war by the tri-state milk commission, T o eswies e o section | and income by different classes dur- of the country. the determinating of | the price of milk was a compromise, not a decision. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, FOR FOOD PROBLEM STUDY ON NATIONAL SCALE AT STANFORD D. C, MARCH 13, 1921—PART 2. i The production of milk is particu- |employed in trade and industry. Dur- larly exposed to the operations of the | ing the war a beginning was made in jin i termina law of diminishing returns, and is very sensitive to advances in the price | of land. The present situation has been complicated by an abnormal de-| velopment of manufactured dairy | commodities, the result of the war. The country can be divided into zones of primary and secondary milk pro- duction, zones that produce greatly in excess of their needs, zones that approximately cover their require- ments, and zones of deficiency that must be supplied from other areas. Accurate Statistics Needed. The total production of milk, the manufacture of butter. cheese and condensed milk, the utilization of kimmed milk, the shipment of fluid milk and the storage of milk products refrigerators can be accurately tabulated and analyzed. Through special investigations carried on with the aid of country agents in selected | portions of the different zones. the cost of milk production for the dif- ferent purposes can be determined. The transportation and distribution of fluid milk to the cities will require a second set of surveys. and the in-} fluence of the consumption of milk products on the use of fluid milk would constitute the subject of a third set. Finally, proceeding from the standneint of the consumer, sur- veys could be carried on in rities of | var to determine the ulti- milk and tion of fluid nrocal therefo. surveys in the congested arecs of cities would de- substitntion of other =oods for milk ard dAniry products and the rosultant _influsnces upon erowth and health. For such an investigation the avencies and data mav he said to be #lmost non-cxistent, and the organi- zation of the work will he rs new as the problem is intricate. The sub- ject is a problem of firs im- portance in public health. Producer and Consumer. During the war we knew the spread in the price of every article of food from producer to consumer, and we could divide the spread into the sev- eral fractions and factors. No such information exists for the present prices, and about this lack of infor- mation, or misinformation, rage the fiercest contentions. The spread is different for ench foodstuff, and must be investigated separately. or sucn invesigations it is neces- sarv to collect the data. beginning with the sale upon the farm and end- ing on the table of the consumer. Government reports in nation and state, railway records. trade journals reports of mills and factories, and records of sales constitute the basic data. These. however, must be sup- Dlemented and interpreted on the ba- sis of survevs at the sources and in connection with the several steps of manufacture, transportation and transfer. The present wholesale index num- bers are in part antiquated. in part erroneous and in part based upon Cifferent criteria, as employed by dif- ferent organizations. We had dévised in the food administration in Wash- ington. a mew system of wholesale in dex numbers for foodstuffs. These shovld be resumed and elaborated. Whether the spread can be con- trolled, or ought to he controlled. is one thing: to be evaluated and ana- Iyzed is another thing. And the lat- ter constitutes a practicable subject of investigation. The problems of marketing are indissolubly connected with the problems of spread. Basic Standard. of Living. In numerous discussions dealing with the uses made of wage, salary -grade | ing the past few years writers have lamented the lack of index numbers of consumption, corresponding to in- dex numbers of price that are widely jby the fact i have, | termine i sumption of various commodities the study of coefficients of consump- tion as being essential, semi-essentia and non-essential, the Food Adminis tration. cooperating with the War Trade Board and the War Industries Board. The practicable study of the problem has two aspects. In the first place. a commodity must be traced to its end- products, the ultimate states in whic it _is consumed. In order to do th properly for foodstuffs, similar inves- tigations would have 10 be carried out for certain other commodities. for ex- ample, the fibers and other terials that have close relations with foodstuffs How little we know of the ulti- mate destinations of even a simple primary crop. like is shown that period control by Food Ad- lost in one 3 0,000,000 Is re- ported in the crop. Tracing raw products through their various ramifications to the final states of consumption requires > veys of the various manufacturing trades. Leading men in the trades indeed, repeatedly expressed their regret that the study of thes processes had been discontinued. The second aspect in the investiga- of careful the ministration we ear of some tion is revealed from the side of the | consumer. The population in zon would be divided into income group: occupation groups and family groups in such a representative manner in city and country districts as to pre- sent weizhted ave of the lation. The survey puld th the disposition of incomes the year and the con- in unit terms of commodities as well as of price. Thus one could contrast production and consumption in units of commodities. whether of weight or yard or cubic, with consumption in_units of price. From the results of such surveys statistical method wourl be able to erect coefficients of the standard of Ilving. These could be compared be- tween zones, classes and ‘states, and could be contrasted with similar in- vestigations now being carried on in several European countries. The plane of the standard of living, and shiftings of the plane, could be quan- titatively measured and expressed. Cont of Production. During the war we attempted to de- termine the cost of production of many basic commodities. The wheat fair price committee made a guess at the cost of wheat production, that throughout | represented a _compromise of inter- ests rather than an investigation. Approximations were also arrival at for rice. cotiotisecd i W e products: and a better-than-approx- imation determined for sugar. Applied to a particular commodity like wheat, that is at present very much in the public the problem resolves itself not merely into the for- | mulation of a cost sheet, but also into a definition of the marginal acre and the scope of normalcy in the growing of this cereal. One must make a definition of the normal datum line in wheat acreage and fix the cost sheet within that acreage: and then determine for different increments of the marginal acreage the cost of pro- | duction, The country would be divided into zones and these zones into counties. From the records of the national gov- ernment. states, the coulties, the state agricditural colleges, the experi- ment stations, the railway the ele- vators. the mills. the grain exchanges and trade journals. the data of pro- duction would be obtained. Through county agents. the state agricultural colleges and the experiment stations, the various items in cost of produc tion would be obtained for each county. state and zone. Matter of Correct Analysis. Suocess would be a matter of cor- special investigations conducted with? rect anal in accordance with en- gineering experience. At present the public press displays Rreat confu- sion on the subjeci. now ch dis- cussed on account of the falling price of wheai. The writer has discussed the subject within recent months with 1e and experiment stations. com- mission merchants and millers in the two large wheat-growing areas of our country, No one is able to make a computation as to the cost of pro- duction of wheat in the last crop. because no one has carried out the investigations upon which alone a cost sheet could be erected. In a food-exporting nation the pri of the fra be determined by the price at which | the exportable surplus is sold abroad. | 1n a food-imporiing nation the pr jef the domestic foodstuff consum ‘at home will be determined b: | price_of the imported fraction tained from abroad. This, of cour: without regard to tariff or embargo. In practice, however, and partcu- {larly under abnormal circumstances, | the "operations of these nlmost axio- | matic principles depends upon a great many modifying influences and cir- | cumstances. A review of the develop- | ment of our country during the past nty years and the data of the eut census indicate a pronounc- tenlency to urbanization. the ex- pansion of city industries out of proportion to the development of griculture. Thi= has been A by the inaction of our manu- wcturng capicity thal has résuited from the war. Prospect of Food Importing. Apparently, we are to pass from a food-exporting to a food-inporting nation, This transition may be ana- Lyzed from the point of view of the dollar. the calorie or the ton. The more available the data on conditions in competitive lands, the better for both city and country in the United | States. Our food supplies would be divided into primary and secondary commodi- ties. The group of secondary food- stuffs would be divided into several rubrics, Our country would be divided into~zones, in accordance with their production of foodstuffs of the differ- ent classes. The food-exporting areas of the werld would be classifi=d on the basis i of théir relations to our production | and consumption and to world trade. | The food-consuming nations woul classified on the basis of competition with us as consumers. Transporta- tion conditions.to and from each ! country would be measured and tabulated. An analysis would be made of the production and distribution of | other hasic materials and finished commodities with which imported foodstufls would be paid. An International Survey. In the sessions of the league of nations they are discussing the inter- national aliocation of raw materials and foodstuffs. For such an alloca- tion to be even considered an inter- national survey of the kind here proposed would be indispensable. indispensable for the league of na tions, it ought to be equally indis- pensable for ourselves. The data of production, consump- tion, distributlon and exportation of the several foodstuffs concerned would be obtained from existing in- | stitutions, governmental or commer- ciaf. of all kinds whatsoever. These would need to be supplemented in many countries by special surveys on the_basis of data secured at the soufce. 1t was on the basis of such survey: that the food cupplies of Europe were marshaled thronzhout the world dur- | ing the war. The collection of this | data in the future would be easier | than before the war. on account of the establishment of connections in | various countries. By Capt. Arthu ARMY AND NAVY NEWS T G. D\xncan. e A THE ARMY ! < “Few people realize that the great- est development in aerial transporta- tion has ‘taken place since the war, remarked an Army air chief,.Wwho, like many other officers of aerial naviga- tion, is a strong advocate of a united air service under control of the Army and Navy, and co-ordinating with commercial aerial transportation, 5o that in time of war maximum results may be accomplished. Officers of the present separate air services appear united in the belief that in the scattered system now in effect much effort is being wasted and the service retarded. It is also their belief that commercial aviation, while in its infancy, should receive more governmental encouragement. Further, they belleve that if the air service be made a separate entity, the standardi- zation of parts and the unification of plans and methods would alone mean a material saving in the cost of pro- ductfon. An industry, air officers say, that is devoted to the manufacture of air- craft for an Army and Navy will not be sufficient to meet the needs of a country for national defense. When, however, as much research and ex- periment has been devoted to the de- velopment of aircraft for commercial tary purpose, they believe aemonau- tics will undoubtedly pay, and will be able to support the necessary indus- try without assistance. The question of national defense is ever present and cannot be deferred. Officials be- lieve it is necessary in the near fu- ture to develop aerial industry, by consolidating the various air servicess and for the present o use what is now available. | "Army and Navy officials agree that {the late war demonstrated the ne- cexsity of aircraft. They claim, how ver, that a number of military and inaval authorities have not yet grasp- {ed the possibilities of aircraft in war- fare, and recent developments, revo- lutionary as they are, are no indica- tion of the extent to which aircraft may be used in future operations. The creation of a separate “air serv- ice,” they say, which will operate inde- pendently of the Army and Navy, will not eliminate the necessity of Army and Navy aircraft. The training of infantry, cavalry and artillery and their operation in_time of war demands aircraft which will be under control of commanding of- ficers of units. The same condition will obtaln in_the Navy. | In case the War and Navy Depart- iments retain control of their respec- tive air services, the only points of contact with the industry or with the department charged with their cre- ation and maintenance will be in mat- ters of producilon and development of aircraft for miliatry use. This co. ordination can be gained by a war plans division and by an experimental department in which the Army and Navy would have adequate represen- tation. Officials of the War and Navy de- partments are elated over a report that has just become authoritatively known, to the effect that Secretary of War Weeks will shortly communicate his views to President Harding on the question of merging the bureaus in- terested in aerial navigation, and that Secretary Weeks is in favor of a sin- gle air service. It is believed that Congress will indorse this unification and thus avoid the confusing demands of the two services. | | | Advoates Physical Survey. With a national record of 26 per cent of {lliterates among our recent draftees, and per cent showing physical defects, the recent statement use as has been expended for mili-|Pidders must wait a long time to learn ! i | of Gen. Pershing in advocating an annual survey to determine the physi- cal and mental fitness of our youths throughout the nation is of particular noment. Compulsory physical exam- inations in many of our schools has n a sense demonstrated the wisdom »f this sten. The Army and Navy have done their part in the building of men, and it is now up to the natlon at large to do its part. The plan to build up the routh of the nation ph sically is from. a commercial view point” a big forward step toward greater production and increased ef- ficiency. The matter of an annual phy ical examination, according to Gen. Pershing's statement, is “a serious na- tional question, and should be met immediately.” "An annual physical examination of young men, the gen- eral believes, “would mean much to the country, because it would point out to the voung man his shorfcom- flnga‘ and, lack of physical develop- ment. Better Business Method It has long been realized that the system of purchase under the War Department is cumbersome, compli- cated and cost ‘This situation has not been improved despite legislation that was intended to simplify the sys- tem by the provision in the act of June 4. 1920, There is no central head of purchase, although there is a main office to which all information con- cerning contracts is supposed to go, that of the assistant secretary of war. There is still what is known as “de- entraizinlg,” with the result that the result of bidding for Army con- tracts, proposals being opened at various places all over the country. There is no way of regulating price: and the entire method is unbusiness. like and unprofitable, In the Navy Department centraliza- tion was observed with ‘striking suc- cess during the war and since, with the result that there Is legitimate competition. Biders know what to ex- pect, and are able to secure informa- tion of value to them and ‘of advan- tage to the government. If Congress can derive accurate statistics by way of comparison it is likely to insist that the War Department adopt a similar method of purchase. 1t is pos- sible that the establishment of a joint procurement bureau for the purchase of supplies for all the government de- partments would result in improving even the eflicient purchasing methods now In use by the Navy. ! Attendance of students at the re- serve officers’ summer training camps is shown to have increased from 3,300 in 1917 to 6,000 in 1920. This vear the camps open June 16, and more than 500 students at colleges and uni- versities throughout the country have indicated their desire to attend. This umber will be augmented by ap-| roximately 4,000 high school pupils, who are also eligible to attend the summer camps. of which there are seventeen. It is contemplated by the War Department, that a “citizens’ camp” will also be authorized to be held this summer. The citizens' camps were of pre-war origin and proved of inestimable value in the preliminary training of men who lat- er took an active part in the war, many of whom, on account of thi training, were enabled to secure en trance to the officers’ training camps and later became commissioned of- ficers either in the Regular or emer- gency Army. The following training camps will be open next summer: Infantry, Platteburg barracks, Y.; Camp Knox, Ky.; Fort Sheridan, Iil.; Fort Snelling, Minn.; Fort Logan, Col Camp Lewis, Wash, Cavalry, For Ethan Allen, Vt.; Presidio of Monte- rey, Calif. Field artillery, Camp Knox, Ky. Coast artillery, Fort Mon- roe, Va.; Fort Winfleld Scott, Calif. Engineers, Camp Humphreys, Va. 13 Promotion to Higher Rank Looked For by Friends G CLARENCE R. EDWARDS, Whowe name is expected to be on coming list of elevations to major xeneral. Signal Corps, Camp Alfred Vail, N. I. Motor Transport Corps, Camp Hola- bird, Md.; Presidio of San Francisco. Ordnance, Aberdeen proving grounds, Md. Air service, Fort Sill, Okla. Use of Army Animals. “The best animals for army pur- poses,” says Field Marshal Sir Doug- las Haig, of the British army, “are also the most valuable for agricul- turé, commerce and sport.” This truth has an important bearing on any proposition for the encouragement of breeding particular types of horses for military supply, since it follows that the breeding of such horses will not result in economic loss as long as they are equally available in civi- lian or military employment. There is no question about” the immense utility of the draft animal—the or- dinary farm ho and mule—in both peace gnd war. Increased Howpltal Facllities. One thousand new beds will be avail- able within six months for tubercu- lar veterans of the war at Fitz- simons General Hospital, Denver, Col. This s a result of the signing of ti fiust deficiency bill, in which Con- gress appropriated 000,000 from war risk funds for the enlargement of the hospital. Plans and specifica- tions are being prepared for the in- crease in the hospital's capacity, aft- er which sealed proposals will be called for. 77 THE NAVY “All information we receive from England end Japan would warrant stressing the matter of aeronautics in our own country as a means, at least, of military protection, if noth- ing else.” This was the gist of Sena- tor Keyes' views on the advisability of furthering national defense by establishing a naval bureau of aero- nautics. Senator Keyes and Representative Hicks have each introduced bills cov- ering the establishment of this naval bureau of aeronautics. The opinion of naval experts regarding such a bureau is that this forward step | would not require great changes in the departmental organization of aviation, and it would require no change of organization outside of the Navy Department. "nlike other bills establishing bu- reaus in departmental organization. this particular bill does not call for the appropriation of a single cent by Congress. 1t will, in fact. save a £00d deal of money by bringing about greater efictency in the administra- tion of aviation. For three years prior to 1914 naval aviation was han- died, as a matter of experiment, in the bureau of navigation. When the world war began aviation, for want of a better place to put it. was transferred to the office of naval operations. It is evidept that aviation has much out- grown the organization originally prescribed for its administration. The ditector of aviation (a mis- nomer, so officers say) is still in the office of the chief of naval operations, but aeronautical activities are d tributed among a dozen or so divi- Sions. none of which comes under the rect control of the so- i - tor of aviation. 0 shledidiee viation has nrozressed in spite this state of affaire, but it han eor only by the splendid spirit of co-oper. ation shown hy the bureau of navi- gation and the great effort put forth by the office of naval operations to make the organization function prop- The formine of the burean - nautics would simpls mean the beino. ing together into one office of the aviation nersonnel. nunder one officer. who could direct and co-ordinata their efforts. and who. having eognizance of the whoda flald of aviation. could he held definitely resnonsible for its eficiency and brogrese < renorted that this hin the annroval of the national nh;\?':::"' committae of saronantics ard those in authority In Washinzton. |New Training Station at San Diego. Contracts. which mark the begin- ning of the work of development of a permanent naval training station at San Dicgo, Calif., for which Con- gress appropriated one million dol- lars in June. 1920, have been award- ed at a cost of approximately nine hundred thousand dollars. The time limit for completion of the work is one year. Another contract was awarded at the San Diego site for the | erection of a hangar for sea planes and the necessary pavement in and about the structure at a cost of about one hundred and forty-nine thousand dollars. The hangar is to be of as- bestos-covered metal, white on both sides, and is to be finished in two hundred and thirty days. _The land comprising this site was given the government by the city of San Diego. It was formerly leased by the Emergency Fleet Corporation and, according to the opinion of members of the congressional com- mittees, who recently examined the site, is particularly well adapted for the purpose for which it is to be used, On another tract of land in the city of San Diego recently accepted for naval purposes. wlll be construct- ed an aviation fleld agd also the largest naval hospital and medical school in the United States. Plans for the medical school call for a complete institution with equipment equal to that of the foremost medical schools in this country. Department Investigation. The subcommittee of the Senate com- mittee on naval affairs, of which Sen- stor Hale is chairman, that held ex- haustive hearings on the Navy Depart- ment's conduct of the Navy in the world war, will report to the Senate. Chair- man Hale stated that the report of the rajority will be filed, probably early in the extraordinary session of the Bixty- seventh Congress. The minority mem- bers, sqrwn Pittman and Trammel, growers, experts of agricultural col-| ction consumed at home will | sti gzer- | {4 | ;Dr. G. A Sherwell ' 1 { for Violations i i | BY BEN McKELWAY. STABLISHMENT of a policy equality between nations, with its logical results, which are mu- tual consideration and respect. and a strict accountability given and demanded for violation of international {treaties and agreements, should be sub- «d for all attitudes of *“tolerance erted superiority in our re- h the republics of Latin Amer- according to Dr. Guillermo A. Sher- . counsel for the Inter-American h Commission, professor in the chool of Foreign Service of George- town University and a close student of South American affairs. The practice of tolerance or pa- tience with those republics of Latin America which we assume have violuted their obligations has resulted in harm to this country and to the republics concerned. and respect for the United | States in South America has suffered {in consequence. according to Dr. Sherwell. Republics of the south must be made to feel they are our equals. he , and as equals must 1he treatea ! v be guilty |our government has no right to be tol- lerant. Civil laws may excuse offenses committed by minors, but international law recognizes no minority. The United States, Dr. Sherwell claims, has been accused of making itself the judge of what _deserves special consideration. And in so doing a false impression has been created in South America, which may be obliterated only by future firm- ness and impartiglity. Next to importance in the new ad- ministration’s duty toward South: America, according to Dr. Sherwell, is immediate improvement of our diplomatic service. Our migisters to South America should be carefully chosen, Dr. Sher- well declares. They should. first of all, have a knowledge of the lan- guage, and secondly, they should go 1o their stations with a thorough un- derstanding of the situation they are to face. Sympathetic understanding of the Latin American, and an hon- est desire to work with him. will do as much as, if not more than, any- thing at present to foster the best relations with the epublics of South and Central America. Our trade with Latin America has | reached a crucial stage, Dr. Sherwell | states. Our business men are at the ! poinl now where they have an even ichance of keeping or losing (per- haps not losing entirely), the trade built up with Latin America during the war. They must improve their| methods, change their methods to suit new customers, relinquish the old idea of the superiority of the American tradesman over his Euro- pean competitor, meet European long- time credit with American long-time | credit. The consular service should be kept at a maximum of efficiéncy. The num- ber of our trade agents should be in- creased, and they should be carefully prepared. _Certain international agen- cies, like the Inter-American High Com- mission, should be broadened in scope and cordially supported in their work of establishing better trade and friendly relations with the countries of the south, This country's industries cannot expect protection by congressional legislation forever, Dr. Sherwell states. Those who canmot face and win over competition must expect to go_under. Dr. Sherwell declares that the country is facing more and more each day the necessity for foreign markets, mainly | 1 {Hi | | the sale of manufactured products. Only South America offers to the United States these broad markets in sufficient scale, and it is imperative that we cul- tivate them if we do not want to find ourselves in very serious difficulties ‘when our indusiries grow more and that feld has been pre-emptied by our com- petitors. * % ¥ % The personnel of the official delega- tion to represent Venezuela at the dedication and unveiling of the statue of Bolivar in Central Park, New York, April 19, has been announced by the legation here. The commission is headed by the Venezuelan minister to the United States, Senor Dr. Don Santos A. Dominici. The other mem- bers are Dr, Jose Santiago Rodriguez. a prominent jurist, member of the National Academy of Political and Social Sciences; Dr. Felipe Francia, historian and genealogist and a mem- have indicated that they will submit separate minority reports. The investi- gation, which was the outcome of a let- ter of January 7, 1920, to the Secretary | of the Navy from Rear Admiral W. S. | | Sims, U. 8. N., on “Certain Naval Les- sons of the Great War,~ began on March 9, 1920, and ended on May 28. 1920. From fifteen to twenty Navy officers {in the grades of lieutenant and lieuten- ant ¢junior grade) and ten ensigns are to be assigned to duty with the Asiatic fleet. The assignments are to be made during May, June and July, and will il vacancies caused by the expiration of | tours of duty of officers in these grades now on the Asiatic station. i ST GUARD | L | The Navy Department has informed | the commandant that persons who served on the Tuscarora between May 25. 1918, and November 11, 1918, are entitled to an escort clasp for the victory medal. Persons who served on the Tuscarora between these dates and who received a victory medal without clasp may obtain an escort clasp for the victory medal when a supply is received by headquarters for distribution if they make applica- tion to headquarters. The following bill. S. 5036, entitled “A bill to transfer officers of the coast lguard to the regular line of the iNavy,” was introduced by Mr. Town- Isend ‘on February 24, 1921, and re- i terred to the committee on naval ai ‘Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, as ensign or ensign (engineer- ing) in the coast guard such male ersons of good moral character, citizens of the Unitea States, between the ages of twenty-one and twenty- seven years. as may demonstrate to the satisfaction of a board of commi sioned officers of the cogst guard professional fitness and to the action of a board of commi: sioned officers of the public healt service their physical fitness to per- form all the duties of those respective grades; Provided, That the number Of ensigns and ensigns (engineering) so appointed shall not exceed the number of existing vacancies of those grades less the number of cadets and cadet engineers under instruction.” COL. SCHINDEL BURIED. Funeral services for Col. 8. J. B. Schindel, U. 8. A., who died suddenly Friday morning at his home in the High- lands, were held at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon at St. Margaret's Episcopal Church. Interment was at Arlington national cemetery. -Members of the class of 1893 of the United States Military Academy acted as pallbearers. Col. Schindel was born in Jersey in 1871 and was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point June 15, 1889, from the state of Pennsylvania. His wife was a daughter of former Mayor Glean of Atlanta, Ga. At the time of his Schindel - A 8 STRICTER ATTITUDE- ON TREATIES URG for the acquisition of raw materials and | EB La_¢ J Advocates Holditlg Latin Americar Nations Accountable: of Agreements. ber of the National Academy of Hss- tory; J. M. Herrera Mendoza, econo. mist and business man; Dr. Franolce Yanes, assistant director of the Pan-American Union, and Dr. Manuej Segundo Sanchez. i Dr. Gil Borges, minister of forelgn affairs of Venezuela, Is expected'ac attend. * X ¥ % “ Senor Don Salvador Diego-Fetmah- dez. minister and charge d'affatres ad interim of the Mexican embassy, Jeft Washington the latter part of laxt week for Mexico. He denied reports 10 the effect that his mission ha¢ any connection with reporting to his"Rov- ernment policies of the new admip- istration toward Mexico. He will be absent several weeks. > * % % ¥ Ratification by the Senate last weoi of a commercial travelers' convgstien between the United States and Ar- gentina makes seven countries 1n South and Central America With which such treaties have been. muade. the others being Uruguay. Paraguay. Venezuela, Panama, Guatemala #nd Salvador. Similar conventions. have been signed with Ecuador, Nicagggus and Haiti, but they have not been ratified. u The object sought by the tréhties, none of which is yet in ectual opera- tion, is to promote commercial.Te- lations between the countries Cop- cerned by facilitating the opeération of commercial travelers, partioularly as regards license fees and the cuj- toms treatment of samples. This is ccomplished by the substitutiof ¢ single license fee for the numeross local fees and taxes now collegipd. Samples without commercial yalue, by the terms of the treaty, aré al- lowed tree entry, while othefls are asi- mitted under bond for the re-exRor- tation within six monthe. %) The signatories to the treaty’also agree to simplify the customs don- malitles as much as possible. With & view to avold delay in clearance of samples. The Argentine treaty containsa-poa- vision that the treaty shall not.a to “commercial travelers engage: n the sale of alcohol for beveraga pur- poses.” The treaty was signed tm“ October 22 last by Tomas a Le Brétsh, Argentine ambassador, and former Secretary of State Colby. i * % % % T United States Minister Long" s %h his way to Washington from HXvENR. Cuba. He will conrer with State De- partment officials about the general economic situation in Cub 5 * % %X % s Cable dispatches from Brazil:ind eate congestion about the docks apd e eoniea In Hio de Janeirot 4he |value of merchandise in Rio dedar- neiro is roughly estimated at 000.000. and 50,000 tons of me; dise is on lighters in harbor :and probably double that amount.is warehouses. American commergial organizations have offered to &fd in moving the accumulation in ordepato avoid a break in market prices. T! Las been a noticeable reduction, 1 stated, in the stocks of goods ALI¥M- terior points. o8l The Senate considered, but la aside for further report fromi ¥he State Department last week, fous, gaid clearance fund conventions with Gu: i temala. Haiti, Panama and The main_object of these camven- tions is to eliminate the useless shipment and shipment of gold tween the American republicéd * It would operate as a mort of inkerms: tional clearing house for the balanc. ing of commerclal transactions “be- tween banks, hl{;k}l:lgr bouses ‘“u bankers acting on be of merchand: lwho e eitisens of the contracthis countries. Deposits 6f gold mage un designated banks are to be t b under the terms of the convention, “as constituting an international futi@, to be used for the sole purpose of of~ fecting exchange”’ . * % x ¥ g Brazil is expecting a large number of immigrants from abroad withim the near future, according to _word which has reached Washington. ing this month 2,000 Germans avisi‘ex: pected to arrive, and lndlut!onl‘rm} to a large number following. ‘Th: has been a decrease lately ot number of American salesmen,-tnis stated, and fewer sales are b;laz made, there being little demand" all classes of goods. B0 = zvow New Administration Off -~ - to Goodl Start in Esteem (Continued from First Page) 7 procedure of the Vice Presiden ‘ifié that the plan will work out tb ) beuefit of the public service. s * X ¥ ¥ [ In every administration . therp is some senator who is supposed tgsbe particularlye close to the Presigent and in a measure to voice his views and wishes on the floor of the SeHdle, This practice will not be changé@ is said, and the republican leasem Senator Lodge, will be looked S 48 the man to occupy that posit this administration. Naturally,{iHis the Vice President is debarred from debate, and the majority leader Wil have to make public expression af;the disposition of the executive all legislative matters, but fi‘m President can be potent in privae council and can be of especial service in communicating to the cabinet the :‘zl-tu hot‘h legislation as it - moes roug e various s 8 of1. 13 mittes and floor setion. >" Do £ x % x oid Some of the new members of the ads ministration are coming to realize 3 fact which is well known to all beads of departments who have served_ ip other administrations; that is, 554 the power of patronage dispensal Ithough an asset, is not altogethie an unmixed blessing politically. Zhe tremendous pressure for DatroBAge now being exerted bids fair to ac- centuate this fact. It applies £&'¥ié President and the heads of albsdes partments. Experience has shews that where one friend is made b; :o:be dispensation of patronage a I L disgruntled ones remain. It degieuds largely upon the tact and diplpmacy of the appointing power whether di: gruntlemen leads to defection’” The most conspicuous example of theidns herent possiblities of party factional strife was presented in the Garfigid mdministration, well known &l students of poiitics. is Dua * % % x It should seem strange that a Presi. dent who does mot kmow whag,the eight-hour law means as applied.fo his office, but who begins work ,par] and often continues late ini "f&g night, should have to apologise¥er ing the exercise which cofmman ense requires every desk-bous to avall himself of. mldln:m ing’s favorite exercise is golt he said himself, it is as n o him as food. Yet he is sensible of 4ha fact that some people are so copstis tuted that the report of the 2. dent keeping in physical form by ¥his kind of exercise savors to themssef playtime. If he should play ay ten; nis in his own backyard nothfi; would be thought of it, but if he into & motor car and visits course for an hour or two in | will be so, it is pointed out, be