Evening Star Newspaper, March 13, 1921, Page 34

THE EVENING STAR, ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. ‘! ‘WASHINGTON,D.C. {sDAY........March 18, 1921 {54 , THEODORE W. NOYES. . . .Editor m‘tv_uu; Star Newspaper Company Ne ag Ofice. 11th 8¢. and Paw 7t nx‘- Ave. Office: Tribune n : Fiest Natlonal Bank Bulldiog. Office: 3 Regent 8t., Londou, England. per month: daily anly, 45 ceats pet unday enly, 20 ceats per -fll:-'“!. 8 ders may be sent by mail, o tele) 5000, ” Collection. is’ made by carriers at the --end of each month. -~Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo. 1yr., $6.00; 1 mo., 50c 15r., $2.40; 1 mo., 20c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only .. X 1y ‘fl.l)fl 1 mo., §0c 1mo., 2c - Sunday only =" The District's Choice. In his selection of Cuno H. Rudolph and James F. Oyster as District Com- missioners, President Harding has not only distinctly observed the prin- .giple of home rule in the spirit as well as the letter, but has chosen two men _Who, if the matter weré submitted to ‘vote, would most likely have been naied by the people of Washington. EdcHh of the two newly appointed Com- .missioners has heretofore received ¢ledr evidences of enjoying public ap- ‘proval. The civic associations of Washing- tom are its only fields of puplic in- dorsement of members of the com- mypity. In the choice of their officers and.directors these bodies exercise a Ddl'"‘t’o( suffrage which, while not a .satisfactory substitute for the reality, -at-ieast se as a measure of popu- larity and approval of individuals. 7o ‘this test—the only one apparent- ly that can now be applied—both Mr. Rudolph and Capt. Oyster have dem- .ongtrated the enjoyment of a marked and eontinuous degree of public favor -and_¢onfidence. Mr. Rudolph, after serving for eonsiderable period as a director of the, Board of Trade, was elected its president and would have been imme- Jiftely rechosen for that position but fox-.a technicality forbidding three succeasive terms as director. But later he was again selected for the presi- denoy of the board and served thus a seéond term, a mark of especial honor and recognition of his ability as an administrator. In various other as- soctations, intimately connected with ke public welfare, he has been sum- to service in responsible posi- tfons, such as president of the Wash- Angton Clearing House and president | 'of the Associated Charities. 5 Gapt. Oyster has been elected suc- wessively president of the Business Men's Association, the Chamber of Commerce and the Board of Trade. An other capacities he has been the ‘reciplent of responsible honors—as “‘l‘nt of the beard of edycation, as Fember of the Federal Reserve Beard of this district and as rent com- er. ‘Thus Washington feels as though IR ite voice had been heard in the selec- ighi ot the two Commissioners. The Chief ‘executive in reaching a cenclu- ¥k could net have been more ac- eurately gyided to public preference m. names of possible Commission- ergbeen submitted to a referenqum “Veté: The records of the two men who ‘were chosen were plain evidence that they were held in high esteem and wwdve-given the fyll confidence of their 4w Washingtonians, and that the people were willing to intrust to them gn:\budnm of administering local aflairs. It President Harding con- tinzes in his selection of local officials 10 demenstrate the same sympathetic recognition of wholesome loeal public #EhTiment he will prove a most help- ful and considerate ex officio governor and mayor of the capital municipality. meg: Z William J. Gallagher. For nearly fifty years William J. Gallagher served The Star faithfully and valusbly, as messenger boy, as apprentice, as printer. Yesterday he died after & brief lliness, in the forty- ninth year of his service. lfl & complex organization often the o8t important tasks are those as. n{ped to the humblest and least known individuals. Mr. Gallagher wae-at one of those points of vital coffiequence, yet little known outside of the office. He had seen The Star §TOW from a four-page paper to its nresent size. He had seen it pass through the evolution to machine coryposition. He had seen the old fiat: presses replaced by the per- Teitllg web presses. And he had grown with the paper. Upon him rexted in late years in large degree the responsibility for the closest pos- sible approach to typographical cor- rectness, and in discharging that re-. mmlmy he manifested an extraor- ary degree of alertness and a re- markable memory, upon which those sjaaciated with him learned to depend far .guidance. '-lsmred by his associates, highly re- #pécted by all who knew him, Mr. Gillagher is mourned as a friend by those responsible for the publication of The Star, In the development and success of which he from boyhood to manhood took pride. 4 tarift that would provide revenue sufficlent to dispense with the uyse of & complicated income tax blank would r pent & vast saving in human time and energy. ————————ee Too Busy for Ji “The other morning the keeper of the Pickens county, Ala., jail, on mak- Mig his rounds, found one of his guests missing. A man who had been ar- rested on a charge of forgery had 13¥en French leave by means not ex- plained. But he was polite. He left &P, P. C.™ card, 80 to speak. On his buak was & note which read: “I'm 100 bysy to be wasting my time here.” . Which inspires the reflection that a deal of time is “‘wasted” in pris- In most cases people who have Gesg arrested for some crime or mis- @emeance are held in idleness await- trial or even serving sentences. Dbave nothing to do. In the peni- fentiaries they sre put to werk at THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C, POLITICS AT HOME|Foreign Trade Financing Vital HEARD AND SEEN|FIFTY YEARS AGO JN some useful occupation, some of them|a place of residence because of this are taught trades, and all of them|wealth of literary material. Some of are kept busy in one way or another. | these libraries are particularly« valu- But in the jails there is no way to keep | able in their specialties, being devoted them occupied. They go through afto distinct lines. Congress has been dull routine of eating and sleeping | wisely liberal in the provision of funds and a little exercise. but otherwise | for the development of the book col- they must sit in*complete idleness. |lection under its own direct super- A jail is & poor place for correctional | vision. 1t has now become a research purposes. It is not a constructive|library of national and even interna- punishment. Of course, many people | tional importance. who are in jail are there only under| Old world capitals have certain spe- accusation and not conviction. The |cial libraries of great note and value, law has never considered it incumbent | and it is still necessary for students upon the state or the municipality to|along particular lines to go abread provide and enforce employment of |to get materials in rare instances. But any kind for persons awaiting trial. | for general research, and particularly Yet as long as they are deprived of |for general reading, the libraries lo- théir liberty why could they not be|cated here meet every need. given some form of occupation? Some of the book collections in This, of course, does not touch di-[ Washington are still available only rectly the case of the Alabama pris-|to a few persons owing to restrictions oner who decided to move to a field ! of administration. There is probably of activity more or less legal. No mat-|a need of some central reference in- ter how much distraction or work|dex to serve as a guide to these par- might be provided for an accused per-| ticular groups of books, to make them son awaiting the disposition of his|more surely useful to those who need case, he would regard himself as en-| to read along definite lines. It would titled, by the presumption of innocence | be well for the Library Association which the law theoretically implies, to to consider methods of co-ordinating the status of an aggrieved person.|all these book collections and making Nowadays most people who are ac-|them, if not administratively one, at cused of crime can get bail and se-|least one as far as public availability cure liberty pending a hearing. Some- |1 concerned. times this bail privilege is injudicious- Iy granted and people are set free on bond who should, out of consideration for the public safety, be held in _may c urged from Congress for immediate durance. Probably the Alabama man | g .ny 4ng yse for the extension of the w’uh:;fll’a::;’:‘ steren A‘]‘:fl:;“‘]‘:‘: Tidal Basin bathing beach. For the of getting. sum of $25,000, it is estimated, the officers are on the job they Will keeD |y, can be extended from its present him so busy dodging them that hej ..., o 450 feet to 800 feet. Thi will not have a chance to engage in| 0¥ L & Fllingtibaye o) chacearioione will almost double its capacity. A visit to the bathing beach any day last summer, save in case of Bolshevism as a Reality. storm, would have convinced any A dispatch from Reval, by way of | person of the need of greater facil- Rotterdam, states that radicals re.|ities for public bathing. The short cently deported from the United States | Stretch of shore was crowded all the are playing a prominent part in the|time. On particularly hot days the new revolution in Russia. These de-|congestion at the beach reached the portees, says the correspondent, have|Point of acute discomfort. It is now great expectations of Russia, but were believed that there is danger in the bitterly disappointed when they found | Overcrowding of the beach through the that the communistic regime repre-|Pollution of the water, and one of the sented “nothing but a sentence to an |reasons for the proposed extension is indefinite term of labor without ade-|to lessen that yisk. quate food.” It has heen alleged that the waters It mrust be remembered that these|©f the Tidal basin are now polluted deportees did not go back te Russia by sewage to such an extent as to willingly. They preferred to stay|menace the health of those who use here. They may have assumed con-|the beach. This risk, however, is less tentment with their return to the be-|than ‘that of the overcrowding. There loved land of the proletariat, but in|should, of course, be no question about their hearts even these would have|the purity of the water in which the rather stayed here to promote as|People are bathing. Eventually a de- propagandists the beautiful theory of | Velopment of the sewer system will bolshevism than to go back to the|&Treatly lessen, if it does not altogether grim reality of the soviet in operation. | Femove, the possibility of sewage pol- The world is full of such folks, peo-|lution in the basin. Meanwhile, it is ple who are glib in preaching doc-|Certain that increased bathing facil- trines, but who do not want to prac-|ities Will be needed—that they are tice them. Bolshevism may look good | needed now—and inasmuch as no other in a pamphlet, but even those who write the pamphlets probably know | Tidal basin for this purpose, it would that it is a bad working proposition. | 8éem to be proper to press for the ex- Could these deportees have had any |tension appropriation at the extra ses- fllusions if they read their own tracts|S5ion, o that the people may have at at all intelligently? They knew that|least a roomy bathing beach. everything was in common ownership, that everybody was under compul-| Lenin and Trotsky would doubtless sion to do a certain amount and a|jjke to go thelr separate ways if they specified kind of work, and that there|could part without mutusl danger. was no individual wealth. They knew | They are the “Slamese twins” of Euro- that there was no opportunity for the|pean affairs. 5 individual to rise save perhaps by the favor of the self-selected proletariat, constituting the government. It was a dull person, indeed, who could see anything in Russia other than “a sentence to an indefinite term of labor without adequate food.” But bolshevism and that sort of thing feed upon dullness, upon stu-{ Central America has had the satis- pidity, upon ignorance, upon inabil-|faction of finding the United States ity to reason, to see clearly. The Rus-|government prompt and courteous in sian people as a mass are of that|efforts to be of any possible assistance. class, unfortunately, in consequence of centuries of a tyrannical rule that| Former Secretary of War Baker is kept from them all opportunities for | now a colonel. Col. Bryan will testify advancement and development. The|that a military title need prevent no people who left Russia and came here| one from being a peace-loving man. to better themselves should have ad- vanced far enough to see the utter fallacy of the soviet plan. But it seems that they had to get back and drink | of the cup of reality in order to know its bitterness. l Enlarge the Bathing Beach! A special appropriation may be l l Bolshevik soldiers are deserting to the revolutionary forces fn order to secure food. No matter how alliring theories may be, hunger is*the big argument. f ! l Every yéar finds a larger number of people willing to admit that it i{s not as easy to run a railroad as they ysed to suppose. t f As usual when any kind of a rafl- way question is taken up, the com- muter remains passively hoping for the best. Utah’s anti-tobacco laws aere so sweeping that a complete enforce- ment of them will afford an interest- ing object lesson for other prohibitive responsibilities. l Beer as a medicine is likely to cause a number of people to look around for some liberal diagnosis. } Japan 1s willing to exercise a benevo- lent guardianship over China, but out- side assistance is necessary when famine calls for prompt rellef. | SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. i If everybody goes to work, the books in eontemplation should be limited in length if they are expected to be wide- 1y and thoroughly read. New Slogan. Sunlight, smiling every day, Tries to push the clouds away - Fields an’' forests here below Welcome life and try to grow. 1 ‘The ex-kalser is one of the historic statesmen who have helped to create bafMing problems, and then left the solution to others. Everything is on the move To revise and to improve. All the world disdains to shirk; Hear the call, “Let's Go to Work!™” Flight of Fancy. “That poem of yours doesn’t show any imagination,” said the editor. “‘More imagination than you think,” retorted Mr. Penwiggle. “I imagined 1 was going to get fifty dollars for it.”” Enforcements. “Your town council has passed a lot of mighty stringent laws.” ““We did it on purpose,” replied Cac- Millions of Books. ‘Whether the 7,600,000 books that are available in the District of Co- lumbia to public use constitute the largest single assemblage of volumes in the world, the fact stands as an impressive proof that Washington is a notable book center. These 7,600.- 000 volumes are located in about 175 different libraries, half of the total number belonging to the government and the others to associations, schools and other semi-public institutions. f tus Joe. These figures, brought forward at| a recent meeting of the District| BU they Wil be very aimcult to Library Association, are impressive. “They will. Our sh bas A A city that has books worth from $15.000,000 to $20,000,000 is rich indeed. A city that has more than seven and a half million books available for pub- lic reading and reference is remark- ably equipped. Probably few Wash- ingtonians realize just how abundant this wealth of information is here at the capital. For many years, indeed, they were actually in effect deprived of lbrary facllities. The Library of Congress was open for circulation purposes to but a very few. There was no adequate public circulating collection. That lack has now been supplied in the Public Library, and the general use of the Library of Con- gress has immensely increased since the transfer of that collection to tha commodious new building it now oc. cuples. Many students and researchers and writers bave chosen Washington for himself so promiscuously unpopular that we've decided to make life hard for him.” Modern Education. The income tax doth puzzle me. My comfort would seem greater If I had only learned to be A lightning calculator. Jud Tunkins says he’d have more respect for a oulja board if it was blocked out so's people that ain't psychic could play checkers on it. Perils on Land. “It takes courage to be an aviator.” “One kind of courage,” replied Mr. Chuggins. “And yet it would be a comfort if I could sail my flivver into the clouds where there wouldn't be any risk of meeting a reckiess bootleg bandit or an irritated traffic r" s place is available or so suitable as the | A Hoosier City’s Distinciion. Secretary Denby is a native of Evansville, Ind., a city of seventy or eighty thousand people, situated on the Ohio river midway between th falls of that stream, at Louisville, Ky., and its mouth, at Cairo, Ill. This is the first cabinet office the place has drawn in the lottery of politics, but it has the distinction of furnishing two of the most successful diplomats the country has known in half a cen- tury. One of these men was Charles Denby, the father of Secretary Denby, a leader of the bar in southern In- diana for many years, indifferent to the honors of office during that time, but who when advanced in life ac- cepted appointmient as minister to China, and served in the post for twelve years—through the two Cleve- land administrations and one Harri- son administration. He developed a decided talent for diplomacy, and if living would be an ideal man for the work at Peking today. The other man was John W. Foster, long a resident of Washington, and : who died only a few years ago. He early developed a talent for politics, served with great success as a lieu- tenant of Oliver P. Morton, and in 1873 received as the reward for bril- liant work done in the Grant cam- paign of the previous year the ap- pointment as minister to Mexico. From that post he was transferred to Spain. | and from Spain to Russfa. In all three posts and also in his short serv- ice as Secretary of State, he made an excellent record. Later, he wrote on diplomacy, and the work ranks among the ablest and most readable of American contributions to the sub- Ject. Col. Denby and Col. Foster, as they were called—Col. Foster, though, in the civil war reached the rank of brigadier general—differed as to pol- itics, the former being a democrat, the latter a republican, but were warm personal friends, and members of the same bar. Both are buried at Evanasville. ————— 1920 and 1924. Themas Taggart, as a candidate for the United States Senate a victim last November of the republican cyclone, says in an interview: “If the democrats will take care of themselves for a little while, the re- publicans will make circumstances which in the next two years will pro- vide all the reorganizing necessary. All we have to do is to do our duty to the country, properly help the ad- ministration where it should be help- ed and in 1822 we will be in fine shape. . 1 do not think the democratic party needs any reorganizing just now. If we do this, if the papers keep the people fairly advised, my judgment {s that in 1924 the demo- cratic party will come back as strong if not stronger than the republican ty did last year. I firmly believe thi; ‘Would the country benefit from such an overwhelming triumph ‘by the democrats in 1924 as the republicans achieved last year? How go? 1If, as Mr. Taggart seems convinced, the re- publicans are going to fail signally to improve their oppartunity, how could the democrats hope to improve theirs? And should they fail too, what would be left but still another swing back to the republicans, and another failure? As everybody knows, last year's abnormal majority grew out of abnormal conditions. The country’s affairs had reached a sort of chaos. Great numbers of men and women voted more to end something than to start something. They were tired of what had ceme to be known as Wil- sonism. So, to get rid of it, they turn- ed to the other side. Anything, they seemed to think, would be an im- provement on what then was. Mr, Taggart thinks these men and women made a mistake; that they will correct it three years hence, and be supported by large numbers of men and women who that year will be eager to get rid of something. Dropsical majorities are not a good sign in this country. As already stated, they are an evidence of the abnormal. What we want to do is to end this and return to what Mr. Hard- ing describes as normalcy. Violent swings of the pendulum should not occur often, however natural and necessary they are at times. ————— Missouri. Senator Reed spoke of Champ Clark as the best beloved public man in his state. Missouri has always cottoned strongly to her gifted sons. Thomas H, Benton was a source of great pride to her. At a later day, and for years, Sen- ators Vest and Cockrell exercised great influence at home. They were wholly unlike. Mr. Vest was a ready and very effective debater, and often in action. He loved and excelled in, a vigorous cut-and-thrust engagement. Gen. Cockrell, on the other hand, sel- dom participated in debate, but was an industrious committeeman, and a sort of watchdog of the Treasury. He kept close track of the calendar, and wanted an explanation of every money bill. Richard P. Bland, “Silver Dick,” 'was another popular son. Not & showy, but @ very earnest, man, he topped the showy men at home with ease. Missouri gave him as strong support for the democratic presidential nom- ination in 1896 as she gave Champ Clark in 1912. In 1896 Mr. Bland was very strong in the running, but lost in the end to Mr. Bryan. In 1904 Gen. Cockrell, though not a candidate, was voted for by Mr. Bryan, who did not want Judge Parker nominated. In 1912 Mr. Clark, put forward by Missouri, developed wonderful strength, and was defeated only by the defection of Mr. Bryan and the two-thirds rule. Missouri is one of the few states in the Union without an official nick- name, though sometimes it has been called, without apparent reason, the “Bullion state.” The Ozark country is full of local color, and the people full of energy and assertion. How would the Show Me state answer? That phrase has obtained wide cir-|shall make no law respecti culation and populsrity, and is strik-| ingly original. i { i i | f MARCH 13, o 1921—PART if American Prosperity Is to Continue. S 4 result of the war. the United States has moved Z to the forefront amons the nations of the world en- gaged in foreign commerce. Real- izing that domestic, financial and commercial stability depend in large measure on the sale of our surplus goods abroad, leading bankers and business men of the country are t & to devise means of financing our exports. Under the leadership of the American Bankers' Association and with the indorsement of the Chamber of Commerce of the Unit- ed States. an effort is being made to organize a hundred-million-dol- lar corporation. to be known as the Foreign Trade Financing Cor- poration. which, under the Edge law, could finance exports to the extent of a billion dollars. Committees havo been organized in all of the principal cities of the country to take charge of this work. The committees represent banking, commercial and financial interests. The Washington com- mittee consists of H. H. McKee. president of the National Capital Bank; E. L. Stock of E. L. Stock & Co., and Gray Silver, American Federation of Farm Bureaus. ¥ ok %k There is a very grave danger, according to Mr. Stock, that the attempt to get the corporation go- ing will fail unless the public comes to a realization of the ex- tent to which its interests are in- volved and supports the bankers and business men in the movement that is now under way. “This is a thing,” said Mr. Stock, n which every man, woman and child in the country is concerned. whether he knows it or not. Only the other day a man said to me: “Why should T be interested in foreign trade? My business has nothing to do with exports or im- norte.’ ““You may think vou are not in- terested,’ I said, ‘but if you will stop to think you will realize that you are. When you sat down to breakfast this morning your cof- fee and sugar and perhaps your grapefruit came from abroad. The chances are that the shoes you wore down to your office were made from foreign leather, just as it is likely the suit you have on was.made from Australian wool. Your shaving brush prob- ably was made from imported bristles, and the rug in your hall To Be or Not to Be—A Librarian might have been made abroad, or at least might have been made from imported materials. The linen tablecloth at your club where vou ate lunch was made from Irish linem, in all proba- bility. And so it goes. You couldn't “get along without the things vou get from abroad. And for that matter, none of us could.’ “I merely cite this to show how little the a ze man realizes how dependent we are on foreign go0ds, and how necessary our for- eign trade is. The public, which has so much at stake, must sup- port every legitimate effort to find markets for our goods. “To handle long-term financing abroad we need specialized equip- ment, and_that is the reason the Foreign Trade Financing Cor- poration is being formed. The corporation is designed to finance with the investing power of the United States, financier and work- man alike, purchases by the rest of the world of America's sur- plus of raw materials and manu- factured products. “At this time many foreign buy- ers, even the strongest, suffering from the effects of an exhausting war, are unable to pay for sup- plies of goods on other than long- time credit arrangements. The banks cannot grant long-term credits. This new Edge law cor- poration can. * ok ox % “Organization of this mew and mammoth corporation marks a new departure in American finance. It is a new kind of busi- ness for us, although Germany built up an enormous export busi- ness on the long-term credit plan. Our financial system was made ore elastic with creation of the federal reserve banks. In domes- tic finance we are constantly making _changes and improve- ments. We are just now building up In this country a system of acceptances and open account banking institutions to meet new demands for financing. Here in ‘Washington we have an example of this kind of institution in the International Finance Corpora- tion. “In financing our foreign trade we must make new departures and engage in financing on a scale undreamed of a few years ago. But the task is too big for the bankers alone. Business must help and the public must assist as well. The hundred million d lars of stock in the Foreign Tra Financing Corporation is not be- ing restricted to banks. It is of- fered to the public, and the public will share in the benefits. If the proposition falls down because of lack of interest every citiz of the country will feel the reaction in lessened business at home, in unemployment and in hard times, such as we used to see not so many years ago.” Y. what headpleces them library ladles must have to know everything in them books!” burst from a woman of foreign birth as she watched & librarian assist her high school daughter and other seekers after knowledge. Though this may be a more flattering opinion of their intel- lectual attainments than the librarians themselves would care to claim, it is not generally recog- nized how high the qualifications are for library work and how much education and professional training 18 demanded. No ome, it seems, may enter the ranks of a modern library staff without a full academic high school course and for advanced positions partial or full college courses are Te- quired, including knowledge of one or more languages. Added to this there must be one or more vears of special training in library technigue. Moreover, the libra- rian must have unusual personal qualifications adapted to public service, which requires tact and an understanding of the individual needs of readers. * % % % “It is necessary.” the ehief libra- rian of the Public Library told the reporter, “that members of our staft should have the most thor- ough training, since library work is primarily educational. When one realizes that the books issued annually from the press are legion, that much of the most valuable ma- terial is only available in ephemeral form, and how much the tastes of over 60,000 registered readers neces- sarily vary, one gets some idea of the magnitude of the task of library work which, in 2 putshell, consists of fitting the right books to the in- dividual needs of réaders. There is, of course, a large amount of routine work incidental to this end, but the object of it all is to supply in- quirers with desired information and that calis for years of education, training and experience. “In spite of the growth of our our work, we find it increasingly difficult to attract competent per- sons owing to our low salary scale. In fact, we are placed in rather an fronieal position in Interviewing ap- plicants, since we require very high qualfications and offer a salary less than would be paid a day laborer.” * % ¥ ¥ 113 “So notoriously low are library salaries that a national lawmak- er said last year that he thought the library schools must give spe- cial courses in how to live on nothing a year; and some one Sug- Bests scathingly that the larger part of the wages of the librarian are evidently psychic! “Is it not a curious anomaly that in a country recognized all over the world as leading in library facllitles and library methods, whose “library schools have a large quota of foreign students who are trained here in order to introduce American methods into their own countries, that our own people apparently cannot follow the ecalling because the salaries are so disproportionate to the edu- catjon and training demanded? “I have always wanted to take up lbrary work but I could mnot live on the salary paid’ is a re- mark made to us frequently. With the many interesting careers now open to women there has been a great decrease in the number of persons taking up librarianship.” * ¥ x % "Why do librarians stay in a profession which has so small a financial reward?” Dr. Bowerman was asked. ‘Because,” he said, “It is our belief that this condition is tem- porary. There has been a marked improvement in the library sal- aries paid throughout the country in the last two years; and Amer- lcans care too much for educa- tional opportunities to starve li- braries to the point of extinction. As soon as the conditions are properly understood by the gen- eral public they are improved and a better salary scale is introduced. We cannot believe that where there are so many expressions of appreciation of the real value of library service in a community that better salaries will not be speedily forthcoming. If you could hear what is said to us daily by persons whom we are able to help, you would feel hope- ful, too. For instance, there is scarcely a day when some teach- er does not say that she simply could not teach without the as- sistance the library furnishes her, and business men say repeatedly that the information service the library affords is worth every- thing to them in connection with their daily work. From rich and poor, well educated and little edu- cated people, these expressions of appreciation are endless. “Libraries, as at present con- ducted, you must remember, are of comparatively recent growth, 80 that it is not strange that there has been a period of small salaries; but libraries are on the map now and we all look for jm- proved salaries as a recognition of their value to the community.” - A Catechism of the Constitution BY HENRY LITCHFIELD WEST. Issued by the National Security League. (Copyright, 1919.) —e. In Twelve Lessons—No. 10. Q. How many amendments have been made to the Constitution? A. Eighteen, Q. What is the distinctive feature of the first ten? A. Immediately after the Constitu- tion had been adopted. it was felt that it lacked sufficient safeguards for the protection of the Individual citizen. These safeguards weré incorporated in the first ten amendments, which are popularly known as “the bill of rights.” Q. What are the important provi- sions of these ten amendments? A. The first provides that Congress ng an estab- 1lishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the govern. ment for a redress of grievances. The second declares that the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infrin ; and the third pro- tects householders from having sol- diers forcibly quartered upon them in time of peace .or in time of war ex- cept in a manner prescribed by law. Q. What other safegue ar - videa? 'guards are pro A. The fourth ameadment provides that the right of the people to be se- cure In_thelr persons, houses. paners effects against unreasonable searches and seisures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, duly sworn to, and m describing the place to and the persons or things to be selzsed. a Will H. Hays has rounded out his first week as Postmaster General, and has left the impression with all whe met him here for the first time that he is about the speediest thing in the way of postal heads this good old town has ever known, It is the rapidity of every movement that impresses his new friends most He walks at a swift pace and darts here and there in a manner to make the swiftest moving persons hustle to keep up with him. Sometimes the new Postmaster Gen- eral will come out of his office into the ante chamber where sit those who are waiting to meet him. Mr. Hays will glance over the crowd rapidly, then find the one he is sekeing. _Almost with a bound he is at the side of the person sought, shaking him by the hand, and greeting him in the most hearty fashion. As he hustles the guest into the inner office he finds time to stop on his way to shake hands with | one or two. In a great deal less time than it takes to tell about it the Postmaster General has disappeared into his office, And he goes at that pace all day long. He probably will become known as “the hustling Postmaster General.” * * % In the person of Merritt O. Chance, Washington city postmaster, Post- master General Hays has found an- other hustler. The city postmaster last week went back to the office quarters he had before the war. Those who call at the post office now will find the post- master sitting at a great table in an outer office. He has foresworn the Circassian walnut office in the corner of the building for the more public office next it, in which are located his sec- retary and other officials. The city postmaster feels that he is at the service of the whole people. and wants every one in Washington who wants to see him to be able to accomplish their desire without hav- ing to go through a Jot of red tape. Postmaster Chance =at at his big ta- ble before the war, but when the of- fices of local draft board No. 3 were established at the city post office he found that the influx of drafted men made his table too public. 8o he went into the beautiful wal- nut office. But now he is out again. He intends to keep the walnut office for private conversations and confer- ences, but he will mostly be found in the outer office at the service of the people. b * x Senator Reed Smoot, who heads the Joint congressional committee on re- organization of the government de- partments, is & sort of official “gob- lin” to some. He has some of the clerks “on their toes,” as the saying is. The senator from Utah has been rather caustic at times in his com- ments onmgov;;bmmcm employes who “loaf on the job.” And, of does look bad when Senator Smoot or anybody else goes into a depart- ment and sees employes standing around smoking, sewing or what not. That such things do occur the em- ployes admit, but the very great ma- jority of them neither indulge in these practices in working hours nor condone them. They stand squarely with Senator Smoot on this point. But the fact remains that they un- officially quote: “Senator Smoot'll git ye if you don't watch out!” The other day the senator happened to visit one of the big bureaus. Thére is no need to mention which one. Just a big onme. One of the largest. Another outsider happened to see Mr. Smoot enter. This riend went to the chief clerk's office and found that official reading a book and smoking a pipe. Now all this was innocent emough, for the book might have been an official docu- ment, and the pipe—well, the anti- smoking measure didn't go through. “The old man is in the building,” confidently whispered the friend. “Who?' casually asked the chief clerk. “Senator Smoot.” came the reply. The chiet clerk closed his book With a bang, put down his pipe, and turned to an assistant. “Now about that recent matter,” he began, briskly. CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. THE STAR. Fifty years ago the Aqueduct | bridee was under private control and a toll tax Bridge Lobby Kills charged upon Appropriation. i i, {interested in maintaining this priva business in a public utility we active in preventing any lessern their privilege. The Star of March was noted milk farmers; the peopl that place can get into the city of Wash- ington Ly the Long bridge, and there is no more reason for building it than there i8 for building up x bridge at Havre de Grace, nor half so much.’' whereupon ‘the amendment was agreed to'—that is to say, the appro- priation was stricken out “Senator Sawyer would do weil hercafter to get his information from more reliuble or less interested sources. The Chain bridge, instead of accommodating ‘one or twWo or three milk farmers’ has been the mode of access for most of the stock land a large portion of the countr produce that reaches Washingto s give the travel for the y The following figur over the Chain b ending July 1, riders, ze “When is remembered that preventing the repair of the Chain bridge all this travel will be diverte to the Agueduct (toll) bridge it will be readily seen that the toll bride company had sufficient motive f misleading Senator Sawyer into the statement that the Chain bridge was used by only two or three milk farmers, and that the travel across it could be accommodated at the Long bridge, a dozen miles below. * * x *They knew, though Senator Sawyer did not, that the travel across U Ch; bridge could not reach Wash- Aqueduct Bridge ; 3 Toll Schedule. ' praciicante cir- cumbendibus of the Long bridge, but must cross at the Aqueduct bridge, and must pay the enormous tolls levied by that company. Does Sena- tor Sawyer know what those tolis are? We will teil him, though all hereabouts who have occas the bridge know to their are as follows: on, 25 cents each way, or trip to market; every four-horse wag- on, $1 per round trip; cattle, 5 cents th; foot passengers, cents each and rider, 5 cenis each way. ) ‘Every wagon-load of vegetables that comes to Washington across the Aqueduct bridge has to pay a poll tax of half a doliar; cattle, sheep and hogs coming to our market are tuxcd in the same proportion. Now, who pays this? Not the farmer or the drover. The consumers in Washing- ton pay it; and it is some satisfac- tion to feel that Senator Sawyer and other senators who were humbugged by the toll bridge company will be blistered with the rest of us. The whole transaction simply serves to illustrate the manner in which the interests Of this community are in- jured by the various turnpike and bridge monopolies that are squatted on all the main lines of access to the city. Congress has mow put us in the way of throwing off the turnpike incubus on the Maryland side, and iv is_about time some relief was oh- tained from the kindred puisance south and west of the city, especially when, as in the case of the toll bridge company, they have the rapacity to undertake to eripple ‘the only free bridge across the Potomac from Har- pers Ferry to Washington.” DIGEST OF FOREIGN PRESS Is Germany Counting on Us? The Republique Francaise, Paris, calls attention to the many evidences that German government officials are counting strongly on President Hard- ing’s sympathy to get them out of some of their obligations under the Versailles treaty. The paper believes that Mr. Harding will recognize that the unsatisfactory situation in Europe is largely the fault of his pre- decessor and that he will not there- fore seek to correct Mr. Wilson's mistakes at the expense of France. The writer says: “Jt is not the first time that Ger- many in despair puts her hopes in America. In 1916, already tired of the war, she appealed for the media- tion of Mr. Wilson. This having failed, she decided to start unre- stricted submarine warfare, which finally decided the United States to join our side. In October, 1918, at jast conquered, our enemy held on to Mr. Wilson's fourteen points as a drowning man clutches a life buoy. All the same, they had to submit to the armistice of November 11, 1918, and the treaty of June 28, 1919. “Today, in order to escape the con- sequences of defeat and to elude the Versailles stipulations and the Paris decisions, Dr. S8imons says, at Carls- ruhe, that he is counting on the ‘turn which relations will take between the United States and Germany.” ““We do not think that Mr. Harding will be disposed, in svite of the so- licitations of the pro-Germans in the United States, to answer the des- perate appeal of Dr. Simons very fa- vorably. He knows very well that any steps taken by him in the sense of the Carlsruhe speech would result in increasing the bad faith of the Germans and inciting them to throw off the mask and disown the signa- ture which they affixed to the treaty of Versailles. We are quite con- vinced that Harding would never en- courage a people any more than an individual, to break his given word | two great clans, Satsuma and Chosu. | has broken out again, this time over the engagement of his Imperial High- ness Hirohito, crown prince of Japan/ to the Princess Nagako, daughter of Prince Kuniyoshi. Pretty eighteen-year-old Nagako is a daughter of Satsuma blood. Nat- urally it behooved the great ohes of Chosu, headed by Prince Yamagata, to lodge their protest. Satsuma with a royal marriage? Never! The bones of a thousand long-dead Chosu Samurai would turn in their graves. All of which is very interesting an. typically Japanese. Ynmngnu‘lx pro‘f test has been guashed; the overbear- ing Chosu leader will resign from the council of elders; Chosu will sleep pe beds. Europeans will call the Mikado) has gone forth. The heaven-born ‘hus spoken. The marriage will take place. And—there you are. Now take a glance back over the years. Forget that Japan ever owned a dreadnaught. Dismiss thoughts of Shakespearean plays in Tokio—look, in fact, on Tokio as it was in the days when Yedo wus 1l name and Samurai swashbuckled down Rer streets, two-sworded and proud. The emperor in those days was never seen by any save the kuge (court nobles), and then only through 4 bamboo screen. He entered noe at all in the politics of the nation. That function devolved on the sho- gun, the virtual ruler of Japan, and it was to the shogun—the lord of all the feudal princes—that Satsuma and Chosu would complain—after they had fought. Satsuma in those days was a mighty/ clan. At the call of those two Daimyo ten thousand sword scab- bards, lacquered and reverenced, glit- tered in the morning sun. The moun- tain passes scintillated of nights with cefully in their and to change a treaty into a scrap of paper. wpime is working for Germany— to Dr. Simons—in the east :v’:::::“:‘ new soviet attack in the spring against Poland ‘would just suit the Reich, and in America where Mr. Harding’s coming_into office may be the signal for a change of front fav- orable to the former Hohenzollern empire. “It is Mr. Wilson's fault,” concludes iter, “that we have an imper- he Wreaty and a defective frontier. It is impossible that his successor can think of preventing us to gather the miserable fruit of a dearly bought wvictory. Feudal Japan. It is hard to realize that six years after America had concluded the first great struggle in which modern trench warfare played an important part and Europe was recovering from the havoc of Bismarck’s bloody fighting machine, Japan was still wit- nessing the conflicts of armored nights and two-sword men. This fact, and the truism that Nippon, de- spite her modein dreadnaughts, her rallways and her woman suffrage, is still old Japan beneath the surface, is pointed out by a writer in thi London Express. The old, old rivalry between those the flaring torches of the clan run- ners, two-sworded and panting, car: rying their messages of war and blood to the smaller lords and head- men of the villages. Day and night bodies of Samurai, armed to the teeth in thelr crab-like, lacquered steel, swarmed to the castles of their lords, Processions of them thronged Tokaido and the Kisokadio—the gre: highways of Japan; _Dprocessions headed by flerce swordsmen, iron war fans at their sides, ring the way with their shouts of: “Shita no , iro! Shita no iro'—Bow down! Bow down!"—for none save the Samurai might stand when the great ones swept by. Ah! Those far-off days, when Sa- tsuma fought Chosu; when father lay dying on nis son's breast, and the finest blood in all Yamato dimmed the blades of those wonder swords, the Katana of the Samurai, forged as no European smith could ever forge— sharp, true and glittering, * * ¢ Today those swords rest peaceful in their scabbards. The glass cases of the museums of Tokio house the blades of Saigo Takamori, the her of Satsuma, and Minamoto' Yoritomo, the first shogun of Japan, Yamagata of Chosu wears modern tailored clothes today. At the word of the Tenno, Batsuma Is silent; Chosu bows consent. . Ledo is no more. . 3 Wh.'.r-i‘t‘ -::::;;ho& on_ helm and years ago the tri now clang their way. A that certain partics interested in the Aqueduct toll bridge were han about Senate loblies, ana a littie jlater the object of their mission wus {developed wh Senator Sawyer of North Carolina moved to strike out the appropriation that had passid the House, and also the Senate com- mittee. on appropriations. of £60 to rebuild the wooden bridge at L tle Falis. In support of his motion Mr. Sawyer made the astonishing statement that ‘the bridge accom , modates nobody but (wo or th Strengthen , The word of the Tenno (whom ¢ ]