Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 22, 1958, Page 10

Inter - Americon News for English - Specking people esos ce- cen eeeneacnenneaenen 5th YEAR @ 4 SAN ROMAN 8. President MITER Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vieo President Editor and Manager Bliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Cire Mer &. W. SMITR Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine Editor Publisheo daily except Monday — Entered as second class matier at the Post Office of Miam) Springs Fla. on February §. 1950. EDITORIAL THE RECIPROCAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ACT Last Monday, the Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Sinclair Weeks, appeared before the House Ways and Means Com- mittee to recommend a five-year extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act which is to expire next June 30. It is no secret to anyone that there exists in this coun- try a protectionist tendency which had its inception in the times when the United States was beginning to grow. This tendency perhaps still believes that a nation can live in economic self- sufficiency, depending upon itself, sel- ling its products to itself, and subjecting those produced abroad to import limitations and restrictions, When in- dustrialization began, it was necessary to find an outlet and market abroad for those national products. Who was to buy them? Well, simply those who could sell their goods or raw materials in the United States. Foreign trade is a two-way street. Latin America, particularly, can only buy products in the United States when she has enough doliars to permit the purchase; and she cannot acquire those dollars unless she sells her raw materials in the United States. U.S. foreign trade with Latin America is at present of first magnitude. Suffice it to know that just one country, Venezuela, has purchased in one single year some billion dollars worth of U.S. goods merely because she had the dollar exehange received from its exports of oil to this country. On the other hand, México, who would be affected, together with Peri and others, by a reduction of her exports of lead, zine, and tuna to the United States, is, according to statistics, an impor- tant customer of this country. The problem would be very simple, were it not for domestic political questions which become important at election time. When a foreign-made item is sold in this country at an equal or lower price than a similar U.S.-made one, domestic producers demand from the Government import duties or quotas, and will favor with their votes those who promise a protectionist policy. But, should such a protectionist policy be enforced, where will the products in excess of domestic requirements he sold if potential purchasers find themselves obliged to sell their own products in other countries and those other countries, logically, will demand that they buy from them? But there is more, there are reasons of high national interest for the United States to continue with a healthy olicy of expansion of its foreign trade. Nothing hurts feet relations between two countries more than eco- nomic blows. Canada, for example, is resentful of some measures taken by the United States which injure her commerce. Now, no one can deny that Canada is today of utmost importance, of life and death importance, one might say, to the defense of the United States, Should the U.S. Congress attend, in first place, to certain local reasons, however important they may be, before consider- ing those of supreme national interest as are good relations with friendly nations which, at a given moment, may be the bulwarks of national defense? We have mentioned Canada, but the same applies to Great Britain, West Germany, Japan, Italy, or Switzerland. It is no longer possible to live in an isolated world. Even the Soviet Union, seeking to impose her imperialism, will first try infiltration through economic relations. Her recent purchases of Cuban sugar, her contemplated pur- chases of Colombian coffee and wool from Uruguay, are symptoms that the Soviet Union has been planning a large scale program of attraction of the Latin American coun- aa, buying products from them which, otherwise, appear to be in danger of restrictions on the part of the U.S. Congress. And a Latin Ameriean country must sell its products to the Soviet Union, if it can find no market for them elsewhere in the free world. The Administrations, Democrat or Republican, have made it a fundamental point of policy to obtain the exten- sion of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act and we would offer them our approval and support. It befalls the Congress to understand the difficult situation in which a country finds itself when It has become a great power and must look toward the world, somewhat above local reasons, in order to live and endure. The U.S. Congress has a big responsibility in this matter. To maintain foreign trade, as requested by the Administration, is today an undelayable signal of a sane U.S. foreign policy. The Administration, on the other hand, can rely on distin- guished members of Congress who are cognizant of the problem and have shown signs of great vision concerning the future and responsibility of this great nation which is known throughout the world as the United States of America. U. S. Lead, Zine Tariff Increase Would Bring Chaos to Some Latin Countries WASHINGTON, Feb. 21. (UP).| Harold Randal, President of the The Inter American Economic and Social Council approved a state- ment declaring that a raise in U.S. tariff rates on lead and zine will produce chaos in the economy of the Latin American countries pro- ducing these metals. In spite of the American objec- tions, the Council referred the statement to the Council of the Organization of American States (OAS), of which it is a part. In its resolution the Economie and Social Council insists that the Council of the OAS discuss the resolution and send it to the Basic Products Commission of the United Nations. The Council considers the lead and zine problem is of an universal consideration and not regional. Subscribe to the Economie and Social Inter Amer- ican Council, American delegate, too, abstained to vote, stating the American delegation could not vote inasmuch as the increase in tariff of lead and zine imports was under consideration by the Tariff Commission of Washington. Randall repeated Presidente Ei- senhower will adopt the respective final resolution without taking into consideration the recommen- dations of the Tariff Commission. Randall found errors in the study carried out by the Basic Products Commission of the Eco- nomic and Social Inter American Council and affirmed the study carried many “opinions’* instead of conclusions based in the study of facts. Americas Daily Is Dynasty to Disappear? Forbidding MANAGUA, Feb. 21 (UP) —A constituional reform forbidding re- election of the President of the} Republic, is one of the points in} the political program of the Nica- | raguan Chief-Executive. Luis A. Somoza, who at 35 is the youngest of the Central American | | Presidents, and who replaced his father, Gen. Anastasio Somoza, assassinated in 1955, said in an} interview he hopes Congress will take the initiative, so that Nicara of 1950. d Article 186 of that Constitution provides that no candidate to the Presidency can be the Chief Execu- tive himself, nor ahy of his blood relatives to fourth degree, nor military chiefs, ministers of State, or members of Superior Courts, who have not resigned their posts at least six months before the elec- Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ EL SALVADGR — An Under- Secretary of Education, in the Ministry of Culture, heads the na- tional school orogram in El Sal- vador, Under him are the boards of primary and secondary educa- tion and a committee on physical education In ‘944, a special de- partment was created to be in direct charge of all rural schools, as well as of an anti-illiteracy campaign in the country districts where the majority of the popula- tion lives Speciai divisions of the Department are in charge of the | following matters: Circulating lib- raries, educational films, sheet mu- sic and record libraries, school theatre projects, home industries, rural deomestic economy, school medical inspection, and publica- tions. The Government of El Salvador, in its endeavor to make the school | system as adequate as possible for | the needs of ‘ts citizens, is assist- ed by the Association of School Patrons, a semi official organiza- tion which raises money for such purposes as schoo] lunches, and by| the: National Theatre Network, whose motion picture houses, scat- tered throughout the Republic, present programs with cultural and educational emphasis. for modest | admision fees, the proceeds, being | used to help support hospitals, | charitable insitutions, and t he gen- eral social welfare program. Through the work of the National Committee of Physical Education, a wholesome interest in outdoor sports has been created. Of the 35 kindergartens in the Republic, 21 are private and 14 are public institutions. Primary education is compulsory in the country. There are more than 1. 600 primary schools, both public and private, with a total enroll- ment of more than 120,000 and a teaching staff ot more than 4,000. | The urban primary schools offer a sixyear course, while those in rural communities generally have only three. On completing the primary course, students may elect one of three types of secondary schools: science and ietters, normal, or business, Graduates of the first type, which offers a five-year cur- riculum somewhat similar to that of high schools in the United States, may be admitted to the University upon passing a special examinat:on. Normal school training is pro- vided in two public and two pri- vate schools; which have a total | enrolimem of more than 400 stud- ents every year. - There are over | thirty business schools, with more | than 2,500 studevts. Other types of technical instruc- tion are provided at the National Agriculture Institue, the School of Graphic Arts, the Dramatic School the School of Music, the Vo- cational School for Grisl, and the Military School. all located in San | Salvador. The National University of El Salvador had its beginning in the Colegio de La Asuncién, authoriz- ed by the Constitution of 1841, By 1847, the scope of the school had been broadened, and faculties of Law, Medicine, and Pharmacy had been added. It has seen many changes sitice then, and in the first century of existence had several temporary suspensions, removal to a new locale after a devastating earthquake, and various vicissitu- des of administrative nature. To- day the University has faculties of Law and Social Sciences, Medicine, Engineering and Architecture, gua may return to the Constitution ti | defense of the State. For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1958 Somoza to Request New Constitutional Reform Re-Election tions. It also excludes “caudillos” or those staging coups, and their blood relatives to the fourth degree, Somoza explained that the provi- sion originated in 1939, approved by a Liberal-Conservative Consti- tuent Assembly, and was kept in the reform of 1950, It was abolish- ed, however, in 1954, favoring his late father, whom the Liberal- Na- tionalist Party wanted for re- election in the voting that was to ake place shortly after the date of his assassination, of the plan of political and econo- mic consolidation that Somoza wants to enact during his term in office, which ends in 1962. Somoza expressed the hope that the conservative opposition agrees on a political co-existence plan to strengthen Nicaraguan institutional life. He admitted that there is still a long way to go, but he believes the measures being adopted by his Government will Contribute to create that atmosphere, Somoza pointed out that one of these measures is the press free- dom the opposition has now, with the abolition of censorship and all restrictions. He showed copies of opposition newspapers published in the country, in some of which there are violent attacks against his administration. But he explained that, when the opposition tries illegal means, as the plot against the Government last November, the Executive will apply laws in forces to prevent. them. Therefore, he added, arrest and jailing of some persons has been ordered, in accordance with Article 196 of the Constitution, and others have been tried by qualified courts, according to laws for the | Somoza said he sincerely wishes Political peace, so there will be no hancicaps for his plans of economic development. His Government, he said, advocates freedom of trade, without any restriction, limiting State intervention oniy to those aspects in which it may contribut, in a greater degree to the general wellbeing. Private initiative, he added, has the field open to all its activities, and private capital, national or foreign, is favored and encouraged to increase national production. According to another constitu- tional provision, Somoza, at the end of his therm will become member of the Senate, as ex-president, and he will dedicate his efforts to his main concern for many years, agri- This constiutional reform is part | Prado Makes New Call For Defense of Democracy: to Peruvian Leaders LIMA, Feb. 21. (UP). — Presi- dent, Dr. Manuel Prado, made a new call “to defend democracy and liberty from the perils of those who do not understand the meaning of these achievements for the country”. Dr. Prado said this in a speech in the Government House when he greeted a great number of the Directors of the Pradista Demo- cratic Movement, in the second anniversary of the foundation of the part. Dr. spoke Party, Ratil Gomez de la Torre in representation of the Dr. Prado greeted his followers accompnied by Dr. Cisneros San- chez, President of the Cabinet and Justice Minister, and Parliamen- tarian Pradist leaders. A luncheon will take place to- morrow in the Peruvian Horse Race Club, where Dr. Carlos Led- gad Jiménez, President of the De- puties House and General Secre- tary of the PDM, and Dr. Cisneros! Sanchez, President of the PDM, shall speak among some others. Top Rank Defense Officials, Wives go to Puerto Rico WASHINGTON, Feb. 21. (UP). A task force of top defense of-| ficials, accompanied by their wives, flew to Puerto Rico today to sort out the “bad from the good” in proposals to reorganize the defense department, Defense Secretary Neil H. Me- Elroy told newsmen who saw them off that one plan being studied calls for appointment of a second Deputy Secretary to coordinate the military services, There now is one Deputy Se- cretary, eight assistant secretaries, plus separate secretaries and as- sistants of all three services. The party will return Monday. McElroy said he hoped to have “final recommendations” within a few weeks to submit to President Eisenhower to carry out the admi- nistration’s promise to streamline the defense high-command, The group of 26 military and civilian officials, wives, consultants and aides took off from the mili- tary air transport terminal in two air force C-18 four-engine trans- port planes shortly before 9 a.m., est. Some in the party took along tennis rackets and golf clubs in culture, he said. xk *® birth of George Washington, pays States of America. full of heroism and love of liberty, HEMISPHERIC EVENTS NO GAS SHORTAGE FOR ARGENTINE VOTERS BUENOS AIRES, (UP).—There will be no gasoline shortage as hundreds of thousands of voters stream back from their summer vacations to vote on Sunday, despite the strike called by 35,000 state oil workers, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, Dr. Ju- lio Cueto Rua said.- Army and Navy units have now occupeid all the principal refineries at La Plata, San Lorenzo, Lujan (Mendoza), Salta, ete. Production is nearly normal. Nor is the strike complete and the tanker fleet of fiftyone vessels is operating nor- mally. The union reported that numer- ous leaders had been arrested, pro- vineial branch offices raided, and that six men held inside the La HOMAGE TO GEORGE WASHINGTON, THE AMERICAS DAILY, on the occasion of the anniversary of the respect to the memory of the illustrious first President of the United A great general and very eminent citizen, George Washington was one of the most outstanding founders of the Republic, setting the foundations for its institutions and offering the example of his life, those who in the world admire and respect these high values. .. With more than enough reason, the ‘people of the United States feel proud of their great leader, who was and still is: “First in War, First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of his Countrymen.” addition to other luggage. x oe again homage of admiration and to all his fellow citizens and to all Rubottom Leaves Tomorrow For Caracas, Bogota 3rd. The trip was ting. He said Rubottom expects to arrive in Caracas Feb. 26 and | Bogota March Ist, White said Rubottom will visit Venezuela and Colombia because he has not visited these two Latin American countries since he took up his office last May. man did not give more details. Sparks is Sworn in to Venezuela WASHINGTON. (UP). J. Sparks, a career diplomat, was sworn-in as new U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela. During the ceremony, at the State Department, the Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, told Sparks that “the President and I trust you will discharge your maintain’ the excellent relations existing between Venezuela and the United States”. Sparks, who was Minister-Coun- selor at the U.S. Embassy in Ca- racas in 1951 and 1952, answered that he and his wife “hope to renew our old friendships in Ve- nezuela”. Personally, Sparks pro- mised to “maintain the friendly relations between the two coun- tries”. NEW YORK, Feb. 21 (UP).— “The New York Times” publishes today an editorial entitled “Cuban Elections,” in which il says: “There is much discussion in and out of Cuba of the Presidential and Congressional elections that are supposed to be held on June 1, Considering the state of ferment in Cuba, the rebellion that covers the whole eastern third of the island, the incessant bombings, hangings, arrests and sabotage, and the protests of groups of all kinds against the elections and the Government, it is hard to see how valid elections can be held. “In order for an election any- where to make sense there has to be a state of law, order and freedom, Cuba has none of these qualifications. There is an obvious lack of such things as an amnesty for all political prisoners, im- munity for the return of political exiles, guarantees of freedom of assembly and political campaign- hunger strike, The union report- ed a total of 118 arrests. Government officials said the arrests stemmed from the decree which drafted the oil workers and were due to breaking of military regulations, They said the number was uncertain. CRUSADE. A SUCCESS IN LATIN AMERICA MEXICO CITY. (UP). — Billy Graham’s “Crusade for Christ” headquarters here announced that nearly half a million people heard the Nortth Cardlina evangelist on his recently concluded Caribbean tour. Exactly 20,742 “Decisions for Christ” were recorded in the coun- tries covered by the tour, the headquarters said. . Graham and his associate evan- gelists preached in a total of 21 ing, a revision of the electoral Latin American News in Brief after Graham delivered sermons and the remainder 6,494 were cred- ited to other members of the “Gospel Team”, Here in Mexico City a total of nearly 22,000 people heard Graham in two nights at the Arena Mé- xico. Some 5,000 of them listened to loudspeakers installed outside the Stadium Sunday in a street which police blocked off from traf- fie to accomodate the overflow. Some 3,200 Mexicanas “decided” for Christ, Graham’s headquarters said. ‘ ; Before leaving here Graham said he would like to return to México for an extended crusade. He said he saw México as a “potentional strategic spot for real spiritual awakening”. . Graham’s in the caribbean and Central American Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Dentistry. | were in hospital as a result of Plata refinery by the naval ad cities since last Jan, 5. Of the “decisions”, 14,246 came headquarters Hotel del Prado here, staffed by WASHINGTON, Feb. 21. (UP) —The Department of State an- nounced that’ Roy R. Rubottor, Under Secretary of State for Latin | American Affairs, will pay a “cour- tesy visit” to Venezuela and Co- lombia between Feb. 23 and March announced by Department of State spokesman, Lincoln White, in his press mee- The Department of State spokes- as US. Ambassador) Edward | duties in a manner : which will! THE AMERICAS DAILY HAVANA, Feb: 21 (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY) Reports from Las Villas Province say the rebel forces operating in the moun- tain regions of Ecambray and Lo- mas de Banao, have divided into small groups, and are engaged in active guerilla warfare against the Army. It is said that shooting has been heard for two days, and it is presumed that fighting continues. Reports from Sancti Spiritus say that from that city several eoffins were taken to the battle zone, and that a lieutenant and seven soldiers were killed in combat. No report was given of rebel casualties The rebels, the reports say, have divided their forces in groups of 80 and 40 men, harassing the Army in lightning attacks, Meanwhile, reports from Trini- dad say that at the Manacas Ilzhaga railroad station, three rebels were killed in a clash with the Civil Guard. In Nuevitas, Camagiiey, a group of rebels was engaged by an Army’ patrol. A soldier, Genaro Félix, was killed. Lieutenant Ambrosio Gar- cia and several soldier were wound: ed. Reports from Artemisa, Pinar del Rio, say that authorities seized | considerable quantities of arms and ammunition in a house of the town, including M-1 rifles, machine- guns, granades, pistols and other arms, | No official report has been issued. | In Palma Soriano, a grouv of 20 rebels armed with machine- | guns and rifles clashed with the army, at the Naranjo Colony, of | the America Sugar Mill, while they | were setting fire to sugar cane in | the colony. Army forces came to the rescue, and the rebels fled- after the shooting. In Santiago de las Vegas an unidentified young man was killed during an exchange of shots in a bus terminal. Two others were wounded. | Here, in Havana, Mario Gil Gon- zalez, 16; Julio Hernandez Socarrés, ; Member Inter American Press Association 8 For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 195 ne’ Cuban Rebels Harass Army With Guerilla Warfare in Several Island Provinces ARMY LIEUTENANT AND SEVERAL MEN ARE KILLED IN RELENTLESS FIGHTING Luis Fajardo Ramirez, 16, also-a student, were arrested, accused. of the attack in which a police liew tenant and a patrolman were killed. REBEL CANDIDATE GOING TO CARACAS NEW YORK, Feb. 21 (UP) — Manuel Urrutia Lleo, ex-Cubam judge, appointed by the 26 of July Movement of Cuba to temporarily occupy Cuban Presidency, in case of ousting of present President Fulgencio Batista, shall leave for Venezuela next Sunday. Urrutia said to United Press that it was the purpose of his trip te atteend to a demonstration that Cuban exiles will hold in Vene- zuela, to honor the patriotic uprins- ing of Grito de Baire, Feb. 24, “The possibility of such a de monstration, Urrutia said, is a proof that democratic forces are prevainling in Venezuela.’ Urrutia also said he is bearer of a solidarity message of the Cuban University Students Federation for all Venezuela’s students. PUERTO RICAN HERO BURIED IN HAVANA HAVANA, Feb. 21 (UP)—The body of retired Brigadier, José Semidey Rodriguez, who died in his residence of El Cerro, was buried in a local cementery. ‘ Semidey was a Colonel of the Liberty Army, and member of Diplomatic Staff. He was 94 years | old. He was born in Yauco, Puerto Rico, and resided in Cuba until the war of 1895 but returned with expeditions of Generals Serafin Sanchez and Carlos Roloff to take part in the successful : liberating campaing. He fought in Las Villas Province and was Assistant. Bri- gade Chief Sagua la Grande. During the Republic he formed part of the Army founders and as a Captain enlisted in the Rural Guard. He had the degree of Army Brigadier when he retired from the Army in 1932. He was Chief of all the mili- 25 year old medicine student, and rolls and provisions to insure secrecy, neutral supervision and fair counting of the votes. As things stand, none of these mea- jsures is being taken. The only candidates are pro-Batista men plus a few discredited opposition- ists with little popular following. The same army and police leaders against whom the island is in partial rebellion will run the election. “Tt also is an unhappy but ines- capable fact that none of the real| opponents of the regime — the Twenty-sixth of July Movement, the Revolutionary Directorate, the Federation of University Students, the Autentico Organization, the Civic Resistance Movement and the major figures among the exiles —would trust President Batista and his followers to hold a fair election or abide by it if it went against them, “Such being the case, i¢ was dangerous of American Ambas- sador Earl E. T. Smith in his press process cards filled in by local “deciders” for Christ. CALIFORNIAN TO RIDE BICYLE TO LIMA LIMA, Peri. (UP). — James A. Bear of San José, Calif., said in a letter published in the newspaper “La Cronica” that he intends to ride a bicycle from his hometown to Lima in order to become a bullfighter. Bear said he had decided to follow a bulliighting carrer and had chosen Lima for studying the matador’s art because it enjoys the “greatest prestige” as a bullfight- ing center in South America. Bear gave the itinerary of his proposed bicycle trip as: San Jo- rez, México; Gua‘ then down the Pan sé, Calif, San Bernardino, Calif., Tucson, Ariz; Bl Paso, Tex.; Jud- ja City and American tary Districts of Cuba, and Quarter Master General during 11 years, Cuban Elections Cannot be Fair Under Present Conditions, the Times’ Sa ys interview at the State Department in January to come out in favor of “acceptable elections.” This was interpreted by all opponents: of General Batista as a move favor- ing the regime—which it was surely not intended to be. “A point has been reached in the Cuban struggle where there is nothing helpful that the United States or any outside country or agency can do. Only Cubans can settle the tragic conflict dividing them”. AMBASSADOR ANSWERS CANADIAN PAPER MONTREAL. —(UP).— Carlos Carrillo, Cuban Ambassador to Ca- nada, said today a recent Montreal Gazette editorial on Cuba was “misleading . . viciously untrue” and “uworthy of publication”. Carrillo referred to an editoriai Jan. 28, titled, “A Tale of Twa Revolutions”, The Cuban Ambassador particu larly took exception to the last paragraph of the editorial which referred to the complaint of the revolutionaries under Fidel Castro “that ‘President Batista has sold the country to the Americans—not only to. proper businessmen, but tu gamblers and racketeers of all kinds”, Said Carrillo: I can only contend that such a statement is viciously. untrue and. therefore in my opi- nion unworthy of. publication in such an outstanding newspaper as the Gazette. Castro is an outlaw and has been for years, even ber fore Batista became president of Cuba. His (Castro’s) misleading, irresponsible and high extensive propaganda campaign has led ma- ny people, mainly in the North American Hemisphere, erroneous ly to believe that he is a Cubam political. Messiah”. As the charges of corruption and gambling in Cuba, Carrillo said that the capital, Havana is a cosmopolitan city of 1,200,000 population. “Thus,” Carrillo ad- ded, “it is only to be expected that a gambling business should develop and ‘thrive, in the same fashion as it, has or does im other local protestants, said it would vemain open for another week to and Perd. Highway through Central America, Colombia, Eeuador and cities of such dimensions and i ‘ternational :