Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 12, 1958, Page 12

Inter - American News for English - Speoking people nee 5th YEAR @ A 3AN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice Pres‘dent and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine €ditor S$ SMI'TR Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vive President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Cire Mer Cc. W. SMITR Vice President Publishea daily except Monaay — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Wiamt Springs Ma op February 8 1950 EDITORIAL THE YADAROLA PLAN Much has been said about the Yadarola Plan, suggested by the Argentine Ambassador in Washington, Dr. Mauri- cio Yadarola, concerning a method of exploitation of the oil resources of his country. The proposal is that, instead of the State granting concessions for exploration and exploitation of oil its by-products, in the usual sense of the word “concession”, a contract be entered into by the State and the oil company based around the principle of the juridical modus of “lease” or “contract for services”. The Nation wovld contract with a foreign company for the exploitation of oil and would pay the company for its services with the product extracted from the operation. The company would furnish the capital, equipment, and technical services. The Nation, while paying in oil, would reserve sufficient amounts of the pro- duct to meet domestic requirements, and once domestic demand was satisfied, would export the surplus either by selling it to the company whose services are under con- tract or to any other purchaser in the international market. Under this plan, then, there would be no transfer of national property, no rights to the subsoil given for a relatively extended period of time, nor could it be argued that the oil companies are settling within the national te- rritory, as might be claimed by nationalistic elements in the countries with oil resources who are extremely zealous that their governments not “mortgage” —to use an ex- pression employed by them— the national patrimony. Behind the Yadarola Plan may also be seen other symptoms indicative of a desire that the governments of oil producing countries obtain a greater benefit from the exploitation of their oil resources. Thus, against the 50-50 percent system initiated in Venezuela some years ago and which has been working out with notable success, there- have appeared the contracts between Japan and Saudi Arabia, and between Italy and Iran. In the latter, Iran would receive 75 per cent of the profits, and Italy 25; in the former, Japan would allow Saudi Arabia 64 per cent against her own 36 per cent. It must be borne in mind that, besides these advantages, there is also the market factor to be considered, and that Saudi Arabia wants to obtain a stable market for her surplus in Japan. There are, then, tendencies toward obtaining for the governments greater benefits from the oil exploiting com- panies, in all parts of the world. Saudi Arabia, it would seem, wants to share in the profits obtained not only through the exploitation and sale of oil produced in her territory but also in the sale of that product abroad and even in the transportation of oil. It is not, therefore, venturesome to say that we may well be on the eve of a stage when oil producing countries, spurred on by poli- tical nationalistic elements, will bring the problem before the oil companies, seeking a larger share of the profits. Involved in this desire are not only the necessity of obtain- ing a greater income for the nation but, even more, of safeguarding management and ownership, through ade- quate controls, of the subsoil of each producing nation. In a subject so important and so intimately related to the sovereignty of the States, extreme prudence and tact must be exercised by the governments concerned; and a feeling of understanding and willingness ‘to serve the eoples of these oil producing countries, is, likewise, a actor that the oil companies must have. The Yadarola Plan is, perhaps, the most original idea presented, to date, where the interests of the producing nation and the necessity to exploit a basic strategic pro- duct are reconciled with the justifiable commercial position of the oil companies, It should be recognized that, while the signing of a contract for the exploitation of oil between a State and a company is an act which falls under the cate- gory of private State action, as against public, anything relating to oil has, per se, an international coloration or flavor. Oil is a product that, although possessed by a par- ticular country, the act of making it usable is a matter of interest to all nations of the free world. What is impor- tant is to safeguard the legitimate interests of the produc- ing nation, and to carry out the exoloitation of oil in such a way as to offer a fair return to the companies that risk their capital and equipment. The juridical form “contract for services”, which may be applied to this operation, would revolutionize the system of concessions heretofore employed and would allow countries such as Argentina to join, with the required guaranties and through an Argen- tine system, the group of nations who contribute their oil toward the progress and well-being of the peoples of the free world. ‘ HOMAGE TO LINCOLN In commemorating today the anniversary of the birth ef the outstanding U. S. statesman, thinker and public servant of world fame, Abraham Lincoln, THE AMERICAS DAILY pays renewed homage of respect to the memory of the illustrious and great ex President, champion of World democracy. In the life and work of the highly eminent U.S. citizen, who set an example of civic virtue and political honesty, inspiration can be found by all those who struggle for freedom, social justice in the most generous manifesta tions of human equality. May the enlightened thoughts of Lincoln be always a guide for the great United States democracy, and for all the peoples identified with the ideology so dignified by the man whose memory is exalted today, on the occasion of the anniversary of his birth. 4 Brazil Must Expand Foreign Trade RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— Bra-; ment’s financial policies and bur- zil must increase and diversify its| eaucracy are hamstringing exvorts. foreign trade or watch its indus- tries grind to a halt, Ambassador to the United States Ernani do Amara Peixoto said here. In an address before the Rio Coximerce Association, Peixoto outlined his Washington program to supply information on unknown Brazilian products to American buyers, and listened to Rio mer- ehants complaints that the Govern ! Peixoto said Brazil, which had a | $240 million foreign trade deficit last year, cannot depend on loans or other aid to furnish capital for industrial expansion. He stated that Brazil must sell abroad in order to buy the ma- terials it needs. If exports are not increased, he said, the country will be plunged into a serious financial crisis, Laureano Gomez Studies a Formula for Union of Colombian Conservatives BOGOTA, Feb. 11 (UP)— Ex President Laureano Gomez reveal- ed today he is tudying a formula | | that may result in union of the Conservative Party after the con- | gressional elections of March 16. Gomez said the formula would | be for the establishment of a sin- gle executive board, in which al the tendencies of the party would | be proportionally represented, in | accordance with the number of votes they obtain in the elections. Gémez has been holding confer- ences with. liberal ex President Alberto Lleras Camargo, in search of formulas to consolidate the bi- partisan front. Lleras has also in- terviewed José Antonio Moltal- vo, head of the conservative group } opposed to Gémez. Meanwhile, the Government Mi- litary Junta ordered about 1,200 people with their children to im- mediately evacuate a vrosnerous farm occupied last week in Alta- mira section about 100 kilometers from this city. Know thy eighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ GUATEMALA — A land with a historic back-gorund that unte- dates the first English colony in America by over a hundred years, Guatemala was conquered by don Pedro de Alvarado, a lieutenant of Hernan Cortés during the conquest of México, who invaded what today is Guatemala in 1524. The march of heavily armored men through the impenetrable jungles of South- ern México, then climbing into the unknown highlands of Guatemala, was an epic in itself. Disensions among the three! chief Mayan nations, the Quichés, | Zutuhiles and Cackchiqueles, en- abled Alvarado to play one against the other. . .and to overthrow al} three within a year, although his | forces consisted of only 320 foot! soldiers, including 130 musketeers, | and 120 horsemen. The first Spanish settlement, Ciudad Vieja, on the slope of the “Volean de Agua,” was founded in 1527, only 35 years after the discovery of America. The town was destroyed by a flood of mud and water from the crater of the volcano in 141, Alvarado’s widow, | who had herself proclaimed Cap- tain General on his death in Méxi- co the year before, persished in the cataclysm. The next capital, christened “Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala,” was founded on the} Valey of Panchoy, and is now) known as Antigua Guatemala. It grew rapidly to a city of 60,000 people, exceeded in size and im- portance in the Americas only by Lima and México City. New York, at that time, was a mere country village. Antigua Guatemala was partially destroyed by an earth- queake in 1773 and a new capital | was built in the Valley of La Er- mita, and is the Guatemala City of today. The migration of the entire population of a city of 60,000 in- habitants, with all their personal effects, across a high ‘mountain range by the rough mountain trails of those days, was another epic. Independence of Central Ameri- ca from Spain was dec ared on September 15, 1821, The Central American Federation, of | which Guatemala was a province, was dissolved. twenty years later, and Guatemala became an independent Republic. During the following thirty years little progress was made, but in 1871 a liberal revolu- tion was successful, and General Justo Rufifio Barrios, its leader, known as “The Reformer,” built the first railraod, opened schools, established ports, began road de- ve opment, and suppressed the mo- nastic institutions. The continent- al railways, giving access to both oceans, were opened in 1908. Guatemala is the real home of the marimba with its musical at times soft and eerie, at times thun- derous, but always melodious. Played by from six to nine play- ers, it is claimed that marinba experts are born, not made. In the interior of the country he cound- ing boxes are made of gourds of different. sizes, and these are known as “marimbas de tecomate.” Those in the cities are marvels of fine cabinet work, and may cost up to a thousand dollars. Marimba music has become widely known through the excel- lent programs of the radio stations of Guatemala City and Quezalte- nango. It is even more impres- sive when heard at first hand, in its real home. Spanish Version Page # For a better understanding between the Ameri Miami Springs, Fla, WEDNES , February 12, 1958 | Perén Ordered fo Get Out by Dominican Gvt. Asylum Violated When he Sent Instructions The Mayor of Silvania, principal | town of the section, issued the or- der demanding the evacuation of the farm. He added he would make use of the army if necessary. cas THE AMERICAS DAILY - Member Inter American Press Association © For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 186 ~ Rockefeller Foundation to Enlarge Agricultural aid Program in Latin America Nine Latin American Countries to The order reads the occupation CIUDAD TRUJILLO, 11. (UP). of the farm by the farm workers was not justified and that the “workers were wrongly advised by irresponsible agitators,” adding he is informed of some other inva- sions of farms. The farm workers occupying the farm maintain they are short of land to till and that the farm has very fertile soil that their owners abandoned. The order has a promise for those who leave the farm they will be considered in the distribution of varcels of land after they have been divided according to technic- al studies being made now. ANOTHER ARMY PLOT IS REVEALED NOW BOGOTA, Feb. 11. (UP), — A young politician who supported | the regime of ex-General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, ousted last year, de- clared that shortly before his oust-| ee a a Seana ur, ores | Teave this national territory as leader, Brigadier General Gustavo | °°" as possible. Sierra Ochoa, died in a plane} crash, Hernando Jaramillo Arbelaez re- vealed in a letter to the press in which he says that “the techni- cal official causes” of the accident in which Sierra Ochoa perished are not known, so. far. | He also adds that a meeting had| been agreed to be held at Mede- lin by the Governors and Military} DALLAS — Harry Marples, a 16 Officers of the departments of the | Year veteran of commercial air western part of the country, | transport in Latin America, has which it was called off by order| been named Manager for Ecuador of Rojas Pinilla. for Braniff International Airways, | He further adds that Sierra|J-W- Miller, Executive Vice Presi- | Ochoa -was asked to come to Bogo-| 2@nt, has announced, ta where he was offered the Go-| Until his vernment Ministry and that “three | days after, Brigadier General Sie- rra Ochoa died in a plane crash”. In his letter Jaramillo affirms: “A new rebellion might bring} The Government of the Domini- can Republie notified the Argen- tine exDictador, Juan Perén, that he must leave the country as soon as possible if reports that he has sent to his partisans in Argentine by special mail, signed and writ- ten instructions, are confirmed. The notification to Perén was sent by the Secretary of the Inte- rior, Dr. Virgilio Alvarez Pifia, who told him that if reports trans- mitted by international news agen- cies, that he made use of a spe- cial courier in Ciudad Trujillo to; send these instructions to his par-| tisans, are confirmed, he must} leave the Dominican Republic. The report received today says that Dr. Alvarez Pifia told Perén| that this act “constitutes a ma-| nifest violation to asylum privi-| leges granted to him in this coun- try”, and because of this he must Argentine Named | Braniff Manager For Ecuador association with Bra- niff in January, Marples was Gen- eral Manager for the United States for Aerolineas Argentinas. His ten years experience with the interna- tional carrier included both opera- tions and traffic assignments. From 1949 until 1955 he was traf- fie and sales manager in Rome, Italy, and then returned to South | America attached to the Commer- cial Director’s office in Buenos Ai- res. Prior to his employment with Aerolineas, Marples was associat- ed with British South American Airways and Pan American Air- ways, bloodshed and even divisions in the army, to which General Sierra as was opposed, he understood this meant Dr. E Salazor’s Death Deeply Felt WASHINGTON, Feb. 11 (UP)— The Inter American Lawyers As- sociation expressed its regret for | 4 the death of Dr. Eduardo Salazar | ¥@S the Argentine back . stroke Gémez and extended its condol-|SWimming champion for three | ence to the widow of the distin- {years aa het ae aa ne he guished: Benadorean. lawyer. member of the Belgrano Athletic | Club and the Club Nautico in Bue- nos Aires, Skal International and is an associate member of the American Society of Travel Agents. In 1957 he attended the Inter American Tourist Con- ference in Washington as a mem- ber of the Argentine delegation. A native of Argentina, Marples speaks five foreign languages. He During the last four years, Dr. Salazar had been chairman of the Executive Committee of the As- sociation, during which he render- ed valuable services to the Organi- | zation as informed to the press by | this Executive Committee. the south, where great fires are visible from Baire and Santa Rita, towns east of Bayamo. are lined and searched with the exception of residents of the zone. Manvel Mejia Envoy to Brazil, Dies in Bogota BOGOTA, Feb. 11 (UP)— Ma- nuel Mejia, Colombian Ambassad- or to Brazil, died here of a heart attack last night, at a meeting of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia, of which he was founder. He had arrived only a short time before from Brazil to attend the meeting. Mejia, who was known in world | coffee circles as “Mister Coffee,” | died at the Federation’s office, of which he was General Manager since 1937. His son, Jorge Mejia Palacio, Minister of Agriculture, was at the meeting. Only ten minu- tes after arriving in the office, he suffered the attack. Fifteen minu- tes later, a doctor arrived, and lat- er a priest arrived to administer the last rites of the Church. Mejia died a few minutes later. Mejia, who would have been 71 years old in July, traveled exten- sively. in American and European countries al ways in important mis) sions connected with coffee, the main export product of Colombia. Fighting Reported | in Oriente, Cuba HAVANA, febrero 11 (UP) — Travelers arriving here by plane from Santiago de Cuba said fight- ing is going on in the Province of Oriente, between Bayamo and Man- zanillo cities. They said the planes did not land in these two cities, apparently due to the great movement of troops, although it was informed it was due to bad weather. Armored cars are seen and pas- senger cars between Bayamo and Manzanillo are carefully inspected, | they said. Sabotage has extended to all the Province of Oriente, mainly in Roads have been blocked het- ween Bayamo and Manzanillo and all cars are searched. Passengers Government troops in Manzani- llo are under the command of Col. |xico, Colombia, Chile and India. Benefit With Donations Announced NEW YORK, Feb. 11. (UP). — The Rockefeller Foundation has announced allotment of $1,812,500) to continue in 1958 its programs of | agricultural technical aid to Mé- It added that with this, the amount spent by the Foundation in that agricultural program, started in 1943, totals $10,142,248, The Foundation did not reveal} the amount alloted to each coun- try in 1958. It announces, in a bulletin issued yesterday, the it also has made the following spe- cial donations: To the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile, $55,000, to help in the establishment of an agricultural library in a sew center the Minis- try is building near Santiago to centralize the various research de- partments, to be spent in 3 years. To the Veterinary School of Mi- nas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte, Bra- zil $4,200,000 to help in the sutdies | of veterinary science during the next five years. To the Getulio Vargas Founda- tion, Rio de Janeiro, $800,000, to} help during the next seven years} the program of sending promis- ing Brazilian graduates in econo- mic sciences abroad for advanced studies. The Foundation announced also a long list of donations to institu- tions and persons in Argentina, | Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, México,| and Pert. The Foundation pointed out that} the programs of agricultural tech-| nical aid to México, Colombia and| Chile are made through research) bodies created by the respective Agriculture Ministries and are jointly financed by the Foundation and the Governments of those countries. It also pointed out that Foun- dation personnel residing in Mé- xico and Colombia are also coun- selors in a cooperative plan for the improvement of wheat in Ecuador, as well as in programs of improvement of corn in Pana- ma, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Hon- duras, El Salvador and Guatemala. Among the special donations an- nounced today are: Argentina $3,200, for medical research, and $3,000 for biochemi- José Maria Salas Cafiizares. cal sutudies; Bolivia, $10,000 for plant cultivation studies; Brazil, $10,000 for the Agronomy Insti- tute of Sao Paulo, $9,000 for the Medicine School of Niteroi, $9,000 for Minas Gerais University, $3, Q° for agricultural research by the National Agricultural Research Service, $3,000 to Dr. Miguel Ro- lando Covian to visit research cen- ters in the United States, $1,200 for equipment for the Agricultu- ral School of Pelotas, and $800 for publications in English for the Brazilian Institute of Economy; Chile gets three donations total- ling 25,850 dollars, for the Uni- versity of Chile, for ardiobiology studies and for a visit to the United States by Hernan Diaz Arrista, literary critic, to put the works of Gabriela Mistral in mychro-film. Other special donations are made to Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, México and Pert. Socony to Build New Oil Refinery in Venezuela NEW YORK, Feb. 11 (UP)— Socony Mobil Oil Company, Inc., announced that its Venezuelan branch, Socony Mobil Oil Com- pany of Venezuela, will build an oil refinery for $28,000,000,00 in Barinas del Palito, terminal of the the pipeline the Company complet- ed last November. Work will begin this year and will be finished by the end of 1959. The terminal is located 13 kilometers west of Puerto Cabe- llo. A high official of the Company said the refinery was the logical complement of the pipeline and a sign of the firm’s future in Vene- zuela. The initial capacity of the re- finery will be 40,000 barrels daily, but plans are on the way for future increases. Special gasoline wil be produced, regular, and kerosene, diesel oil and heavy fuel oils for industry. A part of these products will be sold in Venezuela, and the rest for exportation. Among the important positions he held in the service of his coun- Marples will be stationed in WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) —, sons of all the republics of the A new scholarship program of the; Western Hemisphere should be in try, was that of Finance Counsellor of the Ecuadorean Embassy in Guayaquil, | Marpes and their two children Ecuador, where Mrs. | Organization of American States| operation by next Septemper, the which will provide fellowships for Washington, will join him from Argentina. || _HEMISPHERIC EVENTS ship line operating cargo service between New York and the Carib- bean and South American ports. The lease is for a five-year period, at an annual rental of $480,000 or 71-2 per cent of the cost of the pier, $6,400,000. It was negotiated by Dr. Alvaro Diaz, Grancolombiana's general manag- er, during a recent visit to New York, Construction of the terminal will start next June and is expected to be compieted by the end of next year. The pier will provide berth- ing space for two vessels, i HONDURAS TO BEGIN PUBLIC WORKS PROJECT WASHINGTON — Th Ministry of Public Works of Honduras has announced immediate plans for the development of public works in the country, The Ministry plans to build 29 new water supply pro- jects, 3 sewage systems and feed- er roads to the main highways to continue paving the capital city, Pérez Jiménez Gets U. S. Visa CIUDAD RUJILLO, D. R. (UP)./ —Ousted Venezuelan ex-President Marcos Pérez Jiménez has been issued a visa authorizing him to go to .the United States, it was announced today. The deposed dictator is expect-| ed to go from here to New York, but it is believed that he will set-| tle eventually in Miami. The date of his departure has not yet been| , announced, Pérez fled to Ciudad Trujillo with a handful of aides and mem- bers of his family after he was overthrown in last month’s Vene- zuelan revolution. GRAN COLOMBIANA TO LEASE NEW YORK TERMINAL WASHINGTON — uThe Port of New York Authority announced recently in that city that it will soon start the ccnstruction of the fifth of ten new piers in its $85,- 000,000 redevelopment program in Brooklyn The new terminal, to be known as Pier 3. has been leased to Flota Mercante Grancolombia- na a Colombian-Ecuadorean steam Tegucigalpa, and to carry out other projects begun by the pre- vious administration, including cartographic studies. The Honduran Government is also considering extending the Na- tional Railraod to the Sulaco River Valley, to open what is consider- ed a potentially rich farming area: This line would be a south-east extension of about 30 to 60 km, advanced study for qualified per- | Latin American News in Brief | SALARIES AND WAGES INCREASED IN CHILE SANTIAGO, Chile (UP)— Wa- ges and salaries of every public and private worker and employe in Chile were raised by a blanket 20 per cent. But, at the same time, the price of milk was raised by 20 per cent and that of gasoline by 18 per cent. i Recently, the Government au- thorized prices rises in bread, cof- fee, edible oils and telephone rates. Higher urban transporta- tion fares and gas and electric rates were expected shortly. The same law which granted the 20 per cent “cost of living” pay increase effective, authorized the Government to boost taxes by about sixty miliion dollars a year to meet the treasury deficit. STRIKES IT RICH PAYS A FINE MEXICO CITY (UP)— Jailed three days ago because he could not pay a $40.00 fine for stealing a bicycle, German Hernandez receiv- ed $1,600 he won in a lottery, paid the fine, was released and rushed to nearest shop to buy a bicycle. RECTOR OF UNIVERSITY GUATEMALA — Dr. Carlos Martinez Duran was chosen to be Pan American Union estimates. The program has been allocated college of the University. Dr. Mar- tinez Duran will serve for a four year term, Founded in 1676 San Carlos is one o! the oldest univer- sities in the Hemisphere. Dr. Mar- tinez Duran, was rector from 19- 46-50; during such time he was instrumental in the creation of the Union of Latin American Uni- versities. MEXICAN UNIVERSITIES IN NEED OF HELP MEXICO CIT (UP)— Dr. Na- bor Carrillo Flores, Rector of the National University of México Ci- ty called again for more federal help to state universities to stop the “exodus” of students from all over the country to México City. Carrillo Flores also said this year’s budget for the National University, whose monumental buildings and extensive campus are the wonder of residents and visitors alike, will probably amount to $4,800,000 He added however that the University needs at least another $8,000000 to adequately fulfill all its functions. ‘Carrillo Flores has repeatedly asked for more Government and private aid OAS Advanced Studies Scholarship Program Will Begin Next September $360,006 to provide for approxi- mately 170 felicwships this year. When fully established, the OAS will award a m‘nimum of 500 scho- larships annualty Purpose of the fellowship pro- gram is to contzibute to the eco- nomic, social, scientific and cultur- al development of the 21 OAS member countries. The program is the first of the recommendations to be put into practice of the Inter American Commitee of Presiden- tial Representatives, which met last year in Washington. Fellowships will be granted for study only in institutions outside the applicant’s country of perman- ent residence, To be eligible for a fellowship, an applicant must give evidence of having had advanced training in his specialty, although not necessarily a university degree in his field. Alse, after completing his tudies on the fellowship, the applicant must agree to work at his specialization in his home coun- try for a specified time set by the sponsoring government. Financial grants to individual applicants will vary, depending on where and for how long he pur- sues his course of study. i Application forms for fellow- ships will be made available direct- ly from the Pan American Union in Washington, its brach offices throughout Latin American spe- cialized agences of the Organiza- tion of American States through- out the 21 American republics. To acquire a fellowship an ap- plicant will, first submit date on ground and an outline of what he expects to accomplish, togehter with references from his supervis- ors. to State universities. He has said that aid is necessary to improve and expand facilities in the states to keep thousands of students from flocking to the national university rector of San Carlos University in an election held by the electoral bulging now with over 40,000 stud- ents. Subscribe to the Americas Daily