Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 23, 1958, Page 10

inter - American News for English - Speaking people 5th YEAR Ne G@ 4 SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine @ditor Cc. Ww. Vice President a Vice Pre: (atceenatrerenenee mmm day SMITH 8 SMITH Vice President |ORACIO AGUIRRE sident Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt & Cire Mer Publishea daily except Monaay — Entered as second clas matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs EDITORIAL Fla. on February 8. 1950, SOCIAL JUSTICE BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN Agents of international communism, in their, campaigns to win friends, try to fool the working class, in the sense of making them believe that, under the communist system, they can achieve all their aims and reach a level of wellbe- ing satisfactory to their aspirations. At present, that type of propaganda finds much less attention than before from the workers, who have realized the hard reality imposed by the communist system, and how social justice is subordinated, fundamentally,: to the inter- ests of the dictatorship, without having any considerations regarding the rights of each Since in Russia respect individual. for human dignity does not exist as a matter of principle, since the human being has value, not as such but for what he may represent, in ma- terial and political terms, for the oligarchy in power, social justice cannot exist, because that justice has, of necessity, to rest on the solid concepts of human dignity. Although in the democratic world the inflexibility of Soviet tyranny is well known, that tyranny within which the individual is an insignificant cog in the machine at the service of a minority group, it is always convenient to point out and stress the falsehood of red propaganda, in order to avoid, as much as possible, that naive persons believe in the false goodness of a system that ideologically denies the existence of the individual as a subject worthy of maximum rights inherent Under the yoke of the to his human condition. communist system, workers cannot even choose the activity in which they want to engage, since the State —controlled by a few— has the faculty to institutionally intervene even in the most ele- mentary manifestations of private life of each person. And that State, which is at the service of those exercising omnipotent power, is concerned about the individual only in those things in which it can if it is with the use of force. derive some advantage, even Since that tragic materialistic reality prevails —as philosophical essence of the system— to think about social justice is to fall into utopia, if there is good faith, or inten- tionally deceive those who, perhaps for lack of information, may believe in justice, no matter what kind, under such adverse circumstances, x * & 0 Ki Latin American Firance and Trade News Reports PANAGRA TO INSTALL NAVIGATION STATIONS WASHINGTON — The Argen- tine Government has approved the signing of a contract between the Ministry of Aeronautics and Pan American Grace Airways for instal- lation of a chain of seven VOR (Visual Omni-Range) air naviga- tion stations along the airline’s route from Chile to Buenos Ai- Tes, The stations will be located at | Ezeiza, the Buenos Aires Interna- tional Airport; Malargue, Mendo- | ta; Cordoba; Tucuman; Villa Rey- | nolds; and Junin. Under the contract, the Argen- tine Government will operate the | facilities which will be available | to all parties, seal Panagra will provide the instal. | lations and have supervision of | them and maintenance of equip- ment for the first two years, after which they will be turned over to the Ministry of Aeronautics. The contract also provides for training in the United States of all necessary personnel, for both Panagra and the Air Ministry, for pperation and maintenance of equipment. Upon installation of the equip- ment, Argentina will initiate mo- dernization of means of communi- eation for air navigation. The communications network covers Panagra’s routes from Buenos Ai- res to Santiago, Chile, via Mendo- ta, and from Buenos Aires to An- tofagasta and Lima via Cordoba and Tucuman, and can be expand- ed to cover all parts of the country at any future time. COLOMBIAN TOURIST COMPANY APPROVED WASHINGTON — The establish- ment of a semiofficial tourist com- pany, Empresa Colombiana de Turismo, with headquarters in Bo- gota and an authorized capital of 20 million pesos, about $3.3 mil- lion, was recently approved by the Military Junta of Colombia. Purpose of the agency is to pro- mote the development: of Colom- bia’s tourist industry, and the fol- lowing provisions are included in the decree: Ke Title to all hotels now built or under construction which are in , the name of the National Govern- ment will pass to the new company. No taxes on dividends, income, or patrimony of the company will be imposed for a period of ten years. Special monthly taxes will be im- posed upon private hotels and tour- ist agencies and the latter will be required to subscribe to the com- pany’s capitalization. Moreover, be- ginning January 1, 1958, a 5 per cent tax on international travel | will be imposed on all air and) surface transport companies. Re- venue from all these taxes is to be placed in a fund devoted to tour- ist development. Income and dividend tax exemption is given to certain types of hotel construction, provided that the investors purchase 50 per cent of the value of these taxes.in the company’s stock, Approximately one-third of the capitalization will be paid~by the Colombian Hotel Association (AC OTEL) and the remainder will be subscribed by the National Gov- ernment, departments, municipal- ities, hotels, and tourist agencies. The tourist entity will undertake to issue publicity releases relating to tourist locales and opportuni- ties; compile a “census” of Co- lombian sites of interest; recom- mend proposals for the reorganiza- tion of port and customhouse faci- lities to simplify tourist entry pro- cedures; and construct hotels, inns and roads around and within tourist sites, G.E. BUILDS POWER STATION FOR VENEZUELA WASHINGTON — A floating power station considered the largest of its kind in the world was constructed by seven General Electric Company departments for Creole Petroleum Corporation for use on Lake Maracaibo, in Vene- zuela. The 16,000 kilowatt turbine will burn natural gas and can be switched over to distillate oil when necessary, a spokesman of the company said. The barge-mounted power sy- stem will be moved around the lake to areas where power is needed in | Creole’s electric generating . sy- stem. It is totally self-sufficient and designed for automatie and re- mote control operation, RIO DE JANEIRO, Jan. 22. — |(UP). — European and African} | delegates to the International Cof-} fee Conference rejected Latin Ame- rican plans to establish artificial | measures to maintain high coffee prices. of French Cameroons, approved the amendments proposed by Bel- gium to an agreement prepared by Latin Americans, which would |give the organization authority to recommed subsidies and export | quotas, in order to avoid drops in prices. The Belgian amendments would! Know thy Neighhor By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA — The “Pampa,” the seemingly iilimitable central plain, known as the “Wild West” of Argentina, was, and still is, a |source of tremendous wealth, For centuries the pampa, more than a quarter of a million square miles of “space,” was a forbidding sea lof tall, billowing bunch grass, | where nomadic Indians hunted the guanaco, armadillo, and ostrich, and where the only landmarks were solitary “ombu” trees. The early ‘settlers turned their backs on this ‘unpromising” land and sailed up the Parana in search of gold an siyer. Five year alter the landing of Pedro de Mendoza’s | jexpedition and the founding of | Buenos Aires \the only traces re- maining of either were the horses |brought from Spain, which had} run wild on the pampa and multi-| plied rapidly, being the progenit-| ors of the famous Argentine hor- ses of today. This was the beginning of the country’s basic pastoral economy. Until the middic of the 19th cen- tury, before a plow had cut the rich sod and wire fences and wind- mills were known on the grass- land, stock raising was the pam- pa’s only industry. Because of the Indian menace, which was not end- ed until the end of the 19th. cen- tury the majority of the ranches in the pampa were located fairly close to the colonial cities and to a chain of forts along the Indian frontier, which extended westward jacross the pampa to Mendoza. !Country stores and bars, few and |far between, marked the slow con- quest and settlement of the plains| |by the hardy pioneers and gau-| | chos. | Flying from Buenos Aires to Ro- |sario, Cordoba, Mendoza or Bahia Blanca today, a vast mosaic of grain fields and green pastures jean be seen, dotted by windmills |and. criss-crossed by railroads and | | highways, which fan out in aff di-| rections from the cities, Extend- ing trom Rio de la Plata, south to |Bahia Blanea, west to the arid mountain region, and northwest | to the hills of Cérdoba, the pampa has an agricultural pattern mark- |ed by four or five distinct zones of | production. Dairy, fruit and truck | farming are concentrated in a fan- | shaped zone around Buenos Aires. The major part of Argentina’s al- most 50 million head of cattle grazes in the livestock zone ot the | north and south of Buenos Aires, |from Mesopotamia to Mar del |Plaia; yearling steers come prin- cipally from the southeastern Bue- nos Aires Province, | Corn and flax production is cen- tered in the northern section of the pampas, around Rosario on the Parana River, where ocean-going freighters load the Jargest export corn crops in the world. To the, West and South of the corn coun-| try is the alfalfa zone, bordered on the West by Argentina’s fam-)| ous “wheat belt”, which extends} north and soutu some 600 miles from Mar Chiquita to the Colora- do River, From this. bountiful “bread basket” comes an annual | wheat crop ranging from five to)! six million metric tons. -In the flight over the pampas, the traveler can see at intervals| tiny spots of green, which appear like oases amid oceans of grain. | These are groves of poplars. wil-| lows and pine trees which sur- round the residence~ and — build- ings of the huge agricultural es- tablishments called “estanciag,” | some of them covering ten square) miles. Farming is big business in| Argentina and the nation’s” estan-| cieros’ are among the wealthiest | | | | ches frequentiy resemble small |country clubs, with palatial homes, Europe, Africa Oppose ' Latin American Plan to in Guatemala fo Maintain Coffee Prices Examine Results leave in the hands of “competent N. U. agencies” the task of deter- mining: what measures are neces- |ary if large coffee crops threated to provoke a drop in prices. British and Belgian delegates f _,,._}¢onferred last night with Paulo} Pierre Kotuo, Economy Minister| Guzzo, Director of the Brazilian! 2175 Coffee Institute, trying to find a solution for the difference of viewpoints. Guzzo is considered one of the principal drafters of the Latin American. plan. of Sunday Vote, | GUATEMALA, Jan, 22 — Until | three o’clock today, election results | | were as follows: Ydigoras Fuentes: | 155,615 votes; Cruz Salazar: 127,- Méndez Montenegro: 116,- | 008; Ard6n: 4,129; Cancelled: 5,511. | Total votes cast: 408,780. | Still to be counted are the ballots corresponding to 18 municipalities, jrepreseneting a total of approx: | The conference will last until) imately 8,000 votes. These belong Jan. 27. It was called by Brazil to|to the jurisdictions of Alta Vera establish an international coffee) Paz, Quiché, Gueguetenango and organization “to promote world) Baja Vera Paz. consumption of coffee, seek ade-; quate solutions to coffee problems, and contribute to the expansion of trade in favor of the countries producing and consuming this com- modity”. In his opening’ address, presi- dent Kubitschek urged the as- sembled delegates to defend the interests of the industry “as they would defend their own child.” The Brazilian, Chief Executive emphasized that coffee creates wealth not only for Latin Ame-| rica but also for Europe and Afri- ca and that as an earner of fore- ign exchange it neighs heavily in the economie balance of many nations. Peruvian delegate Jorge Harten, president of the Coffee Federation| of America (Fedecame) which in- cludes all Latin American produc- ing countries except Brazil and Colombia, told newsmen that the Fedecame voted in a secret caucus to support Brazilian proposals for price supports and export quotas Alfonso Rochac, head of the de- legation from El Salvador, said the conference means “the begin- ning of a new era in the history of coffee”. He predicted thé con- ference would discard the philo- sophy of “everyone for himself” and adopt one of mutual support and cooperation. Britain, Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Portugal, as hol- ders of coffee producing territories in Africa were invited to send de- legates, There are observers from eight international organizations and from eight foreign coutries. Braniff Appoints a Sales Manager for Panama Zone DALLAS — The appointment of Don Robertson as Sales Represent- ative for Braniff International Air- ways in Colén, Panama, has been announced by Robert Hatch, Man- ager for the airline in Panama. Robertson, who has been a resi- dent of California, graduated from the University of Southern Cali- fornia where he specialized in In- ternational Relations. He served in the U.S. Navy for five years during World War II. After com- pleting graduate work at the Uni- versity of California, he’ worked with the U.S. Government Depart- ment of Health, Education and Welfare in California. He was then associated with the Rohr Aircraft Corporation for four years before entering the American Institute for Foreign Trade in Phoenix, Ari- zona. At the Institute he majored in International Sales and Foreign Trade with specialization in Lat- in American affairs, Reliable sources familiar with the electoral procedure say that Congress will decide the ultimate return of the elections, as none of the candidates obtained the absolute majority required for election, and the eight ‘thousand votes pending would not giye any of the candidates the absolute majority. Public opinion is widely divided. |People in the capital city show more preference for Ydigoras than for any other candidate, and in | the other Departments the people| |favor Cruz Salazar. The majority in Congress is made up by political friends and fellow | party members of Cruz Salazar. Cruz’ MDN Party, founded by| assassinated President Carlos Cas-| | tillo Armas, already has published |its own version of Sunday’s re-| | turns to show Cruz in second place, Briton to Press Charges Against | Panamanian Govt. LONDON (UP)— _ Round-the- world hitchhiker Don White of Leytohstone, London, said he| would press for action against the | Panama Government. He claims that after being beat- | en up he was gaoled by Panama police three weeks ago. He is seeing his member of par- liament Reginald Sorensen, Labour member for Leyton. Then he will talk with Government officials to-| gether with his companion Dan. Havilan, 31, of Mitcham, Surrey, who was also jailed in Panama, “It has happened out’ there to other people,” White charged to- night. He said that the Panama police accused him of being drunk. FISHING BOAT SUNK BY ECUADOREAN SHIP OFF NEW ORLEANS NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 22. (UP). An Ecuadorian freighter rammed and sank a fishing boat early to-} day and the Coast Guard said four crewmen of the smaller vessel | were missing. A coast guard helicopter and a. 40-foot patrol boat were unable to | locate survivars of the fishermen, | , tentatively identified as the Indian | Prince. The search began at 5 a.m. shortly after the collision. One member of the five-man| fishing boat crew was rescued by comes in the world. | Disturbances Repo CARACAS, Jan. 22. (UP). The widespread disorders in Venezuela} appeared to be coming to an end today but not until savage street) fighting killed 30 persons in the capital city of Caracas alone. Radio and television stations) had resumed today their regular} broadcasting. This meant the go: | vernment “network” in force dur- ing an emergency had ended. A nightlong curfew ended at 5 a.m. and it is believed it will be continued. Automobile and bus traffic was light in the early hours but was picking up rapidly. It was believed international airlines would land in Caracas as usual| today. . A govérnment communique is- sued in Caracas last night said armed police patrols, seeret police brought the riots under control. Disorders also reported in the cities of Valencia, Valera, Valle de la Pascua, El Tigre, Los Te- ques, Fijo and Pueblo Nuevo. The disturbances were described as “minor”. Some of these are important oil towns on which Venezuela relies for one of the highest federal in-| Los Teques, capital of the state | of Miranda and 20 miles from} Caracas, was the site of a revolt | bells. and national guardsmen had|. soe rted in 7 Towns Including Important Oil. Centers against the government by an army battalion on New Year’s Day. The government put down that rebellion by rushing loyal troops from the capital. A Caracas Radio broadcast heard in Willemstad, Curacao, said the disturbances were main- ly carried out by persons pilfer- ing and damaging stores and other private property. Caracas dispatches said troops had been ordered to shoot to kill in such cases. The violence started with a gen- eral strike against the government shortly before noon Tuesday and marked by the ringing of church Schools, shops and banks were closed. Newspapers failed to publish, f Disorders began almost at once and although police and national | guard forces tried to put down} the riots the rioters overturned and- burned cars and buses and attacked some buildings. Most of the rioting was in the Catia and the city the old part of Caracas where the workers live. A State Department spokesman in Washington said the U.S. gov- ernment was “in touch with our embassy” in Caracas and that it had “not reports of the 40,000; Americans there being injured or any. American property being damaged. Mexicans Hail Stat MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Mé- xico City press, labor organizations | and industrial groups today prais- ed Presidential candidate, Adolfo Lopez Mateos, for his statements to the foreign press on Wednes- day. In a press conference with re- presentatives of foreign press the ‘next President of México” called on the United States to encourage production in Latin America with better prices for Latin American products. He complained that the United States fixes the prices -it pays for the Latin American pro- ducts it buys and also fixes the prices for the manufactured pro- ducts it sells to the Latin Ameri- can countries. Lopez Mateos also said there is no communist problem in México and politely told the United States to “take care of its house and we will take care of our own.” He said that the communist pro- blem in México was mostly the re- sult of the American reds who crossed the border into México. On commenting Lépez Mateos’ statements, the newspaper “Excel- sior” said today, “Latin American progress is being delayed by the United States’ policy of buying cheap and selling dear.” In. an editorial entitled, “State- ment of Lopez Mateos,” the paper also said that “México does not ex- port communists to the United |the freighter, the S. S. Bonita, |400-foot Standard Fruit Co. vessel.! States. . . on the contrary, from the other side of the Rio Grande ement About U. S. Prices for Latin American Products we receive the deciples of Kru- schev, to whom México grants asy- lum by force of its laws and its traditional hospitality, in the same way that it grants asylum to men persecuted in other countries of the continent.” Similiar statements were made by the Mexican Confederation of Labor, the Confederation of Mexi- can Chambers of Commerce and Peronist Agent Held in Brazil \sao PAULO (UP)—Agents of the International Police arrested Elias Faustino Gil, who police authorities say is one of the most active Peronist agents in Brazil. He was later released. Gil was the secretary of Miguel Miranda when he was the President of the Argentine Exchange Promo- tion Institute, Gil, who is accused of having entered Brazil illegally, lived here with his wife and three children under the name of Guillermo To- mas Douek. He said that he had an interview with ex-Dictator, Juan Perén in Caracas last July, and that he then received instruc tions to be transmitted “to our companions in Paraguay.” After being freed, Gil said that he’ would ask for authorities to do everything in their power to obtain his extradition, HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Envoys Present Their Credentials in Rio | RIO DE JANEIRO. (UP)— The |new Ambassadors of Guatemala, Alberto Herrarto, and of Colombia, |Manuel Mejia,- presented _ their credentials to President Juscelino | Kubitschek. ECUADOREAN MINISTERS SIGN TRADE PACT VIENNA (UP)— Rumania and Argentina have signed. a commer- cial agreement for 1958 in Buca- | rest, according to Bulgarian pa- pers which have’ arrived in this ci- ty. . A Rumania will export oil and rail- road materials, . wood, paper, glass and chemical products. Ar- gentina will send Rumania hides, oils, wool wastes, meat and can- farmers in the world. Their ran-| ned fish, ECUADOREA MINISTERS TAKE OVER POSTS Latin A swimming pools, tennis courts and polo fields (Continued tomorrow) _ (Spanish Version Page 3) QUITO (UP)— Jorge Merlo and Pedro Manspons took over their posts as Government and Develop- ment Ministers, respectively. At the same time, Julio Vela, | who was named Secretary General of the Administration, took over his position, Merlo substitutes for Enrique Arroyo Delgado, who headed the Government Ministry. for 14 months; and Vela for Leonardo Moscoso, who held the post of De- velopment Minister since the start of President Camilo Ponce’s gov- ernment, The men who resigned said that they were doing so for personal reasons which were not connected with political motives, Merlo and Vela belong to the Christian Social Party, which was founded by President Ponce, and Manspons to the Independent Industrial Party. : STUDENTS STRIKE IN ECUADOR QUITO (UP)— The students of the “Vicente Maldonado” school, of Riobamba, declared a strike and the Minister of Education closed the establishment. (The strikers asked for a change merican News in Brief | of some professors and walked out in defense of a professor who was dismissed. One hundred students remained in the site and police patrolled around the building. Authorities indicated that they will make the students leave the college, using public force, if neces- sary. The Minister of Education stat- ed that the strike is a labor right which is prohibited to students. He accused them of letting them- selves be moved by political agents identified as “agitators,” and add- ed: “The government will try to take care of this problem with a strong hand, and any other strike which may occur in other colleges in the Republic will receive equal sanc-’ tion.” KUBITSCHEK DECREES NATIONAL MOURNING RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— The President, Juscelino Kubitschek, decreed three days of national mourning for the death of Mar- who died yesterday. Marshal Ron- dén was 92. The body will be at the “Circulo Militar” (Military Circle) until this afternoon, while thousands of Brazilians fill by the chapel to pay their last homage to the man who opened the Amazon in order to make friends with the Indians without firing a single shot. Rondén’s methods for just treatment and discussion of the complaints of the Indians brought peace to the Matto Grosso after years of bloody undeclared war. BRAZILIAN STUDENTS VISITING LIMA, PERU LIMA (UP)— A group of young Brazilian ex-alumni. of the Nossa Senhora de Sion Catholic College of Sao Paulo, are now visiting this city, after touring other Latin American capitals. « Member Inter American Press Association * - e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 169 Calm Apparently Returns to Venezuela After Riots in Caracas Claim 30 Lives TEMPERATURE | centigra de| i Use of Military Courts to Judge Civilians There are some Heads of State who, once they grab absolute control of the reins of power, they think that just by getting Congress to. pass a law allowing military. courts to judge civilians for common or political crimes, is enough to have that law regarded as good for the people, regarded as techrfical by the jurists. and as democratic by those analyzing it on the basis , of the ideological principles. So that the laws of a Republie be always respected by the pu- blie, it is not enough to enforce coldly the ordinary regulations but, also, it is indispensable that those laws have sound mo- Tal orientation and that, more- over, they respond to the demo- cratic philosophy that must in- spire the institutions of a repu- blican way of life. To judge civilians in military courts, removing them from the regular instruments of jus- tice, even if a special law per- mits it, is an attempt against the civil rights of the indivi- dual, and is an open violation, even if within the stipulations of the ad-hoc law, of the es- sence of the doctrinal principles so greatly cherished by the hu- man being. That which is violat+ ed represents the ultimate achievements of long struggles through the course of history, at the cost of many sacrifices and realized, fundamentally, by the intelligence and the deter- mination of enlightened thinkers, The full prevalence of demo- eracy cannot respond blindly to the mandates of the law, when- ever such law bounds on arbi- trariness. It is the law that must conform to the mandates of democracy. An ideological principle and a sound doctrine should inspire the constitutional and legal procedures of our Re- publics. The people find intolerable —even if they must bear them— the penalties imposed by a Mi- litary Court when judging citizens it has removed from the proper jurisdiction; to be tried on the basis of codes and laws applicable only to the military when military crimes are com- mitted. So that our Republics may come closer to the true institu- tional sense of the concept of Republic, every effort should be done by all, directed towards the elimination of antidemocra- tic laws. ; Officers Escape in Managua, Reach Embassy Asylum MANAGUA, Jan. 22..— Captain Victor Rivas Gémez and Second Lt. Alf Salomon, members of the Nicaraguan Air Force,’ escaped from jail, it was officially an- nounced. The two officers, together with Major José Luis Aguado, Captain Napoleén Ubilla, Lt. Jorge Are- llano, and Second Lts. Jdsé Anto- nio Mejia and Carlos Ulloa, were’ sentenced yesterday by a Military Court, before which they were ac- cused of planning a revolt against the Somozas’ government. Rivas Gémez, considered as the ablest pilot of the Air Force, had been sentenced to five years in prison and Second Lt. Salomon to two years, The same Military Court had sentenced three civilians to jail before. They are Engineer Luis Cardenal, ex Captain Enrique Ca- Nejas and Dr. Orie Reyes. (Ac- cordi g to Nicaraguan law, civil- ians, may be tried by military courts in certain cases). General Aanastasio Somoza De- bayle, National Guard Chief, met today with high ranking army of- ficers to begin an investigation of the escape. ~ The head of the Salvadorean diplomatic mission in Nicaragua, Miguel Parada, informed the Ni- There aae nine girls from 15 to caragua Foreign Office that Ri- 18 years of age, and they are ac-|vas Gémez and Salomon had enter- companied by Mrs. Maria Isabel | ed the Salvadorean Embassy, jump- Machado and Mrs, Nair Reggiani | ing over a wall, at 3 a.m. and thag shal Candido Mariano Rondén, de Aguilar, they had requested asylum. _.