Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 8, 1958, Page 12

Inter American News for English - Speaking people ee a ie | 5th YEAR . a es ee ee G A SAN ROMAN c President Vice FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine Fditor A a RR een SUE ARG SN A ER Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs Fla op February 8 195b EDITORIAL POLITICAL CONDESCENSION AND THE RESPECT FOR TRUTH It is well to accept certain amount of condescension with those of the same party, or with those who, without belonging to it, at a determined moment join in political problem. party or their allies. It is an elementary duty of solidarity to be loyal to those who share with one the interest in a campaign or the anguish in the struggle. that political loyalty does not no obligation of telling the truth, in particular when the truth is closely connected with the fate of the country. There are leaders and parties which grow on the be that nobody tells them the truth affecting them. And, in this manner, the incipient have been forced to accept moral and ideological formation, only because, those who are in a position to denounce its deficiencies. or their records, have not been able to do it or did not want to do it. When participation in the political struggles is taken with the generous purpose of enhancing the Fatherland, and when one aspires to reach Power to govern with good judgment, with democracy and with administrative sobriety, the condescension with members of the same party or allies never should interfere public, when she is in danger, because honesty imposes firm attitudes of defense of the ideals which make the Fatherland great and the Government good. Perhaps one of the most jeaders and the newspapermen who comment on the political activities of their country, is that of knowing how to denounce, bravely and honorably, the inconvenience which anyone, member of the same party or allied re- presents for the cause, and especially for the high interests of the community. These leaders and newsmen have to know hoew to distinguish between the limits of condes- cension, and even of the same apparent conveniences, in order to decide in a determined moment, sticking strictly to the facts, when to say the truth and disqualify that which should be disqualified and when to stress that which should be stressed. It is very serious for the people if they are kept in confusion because those who orient them have no sense of limitation in not confusing, in an extreme manner, what is condescension and solidarity should be respect for determined truths, which cannot be denied without committing a serious error in moral policies. ae tee Latin American Finance and Trade News Reports Argentine Envoy Reveals Plan For Oil Contracts | WASHINGTON —(UP)— Ar- gentine Ambassador Mauricio Ya- darola said that the solution to the serious oil problem his coun- try is facing, could be that U.S. companies do the drilling for the Argentine State Oil Monopoly (Y. PE). Ambassador Yadarola informed the United Press he is workihg on | a formula which would give private | companies, in payment for those services, a percentage of the oil they find. The Ambassador pointed out that it would be different from | giving concessions and lose con- trol of exploitation; then he said | that he had found several reliable companies which show interest in| such a possibility, and added he | will report to his Government as soon as he has completed details. | It is possible that he goes to Bue- nos Aires at the end of this month to submit a personal report to President Pedro E, Aramburu. The Ambassador’ said he started to work on the idea when it was made clear that the Export-Import Bank would remain firm in its de- cision of not granting credits to Government oil monopolies. One of the advantages of Yada- rola’s idea is that the Argentine Government would not have to in- vest any funds, since the compa- nies would assume the expenses of perforation and production. Yadarola explained that the contracts could be granted to the companies through public bids. Cuban Millionaire Gefs Caribbean Sugar Control NEW YORK (UP)— Julio Lobo, called the “Sugar King” of Cuba, will control around 40 per cent of the production of the Cuban At- lantic zone, saic the “Jouranal of Commerce” in a commentary about the uperation announced last week end by which Lobo purchased the Hershey interests. Hershey. includes the main su- gar refinery in Cuba. besides num- erous other installations. The “Journal of Commerce” says W. SMITR li In the name of that condescension, a logical prudence is demanded from all those who want to disagree in public, for example, with members of the same | 8. SMITB President Vice’ President HORACIO. . AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Cire Mer as a political st-ategic need, the same cause to face a | | | li However, this does not mean have a limit, and that there is IS Latin American democracies figures or groups of weak with the interests of the Re- difficult functions of political in a group with that which ae: aaa that what interests the U. S. sugar | industry, especially the refiners, is | the purchase of sugar interests. “The purchase of Hershey” says | the “Journal,” will give Lobo’s in-| terests control of over more than 50 per cent of ail the sugar refined in the Caribbean zone, The direct | consumers quota for the Caribbean }zone is more. than 550,000 tons. |The total available from Cuba and | | Puerto Rico for 1958, according to | the following quotas, is 505,000) tons. The comment adds that “certain U. S. refiners view the concentra- tion of such a quantity of the |quota of refined sugar under a jsingle control with much alarm.” MEXICO HAS LARGE RESERVE OF FOOD MEXICO CITY. (UP)— Ceim- sa, México’s food distributing and | price control agency, has its ware- | houses bulging with more than one million tors of “basic foods for popular consumption”, officials reported here The report said the agency will continue during this year its “func- tion of food supplying and distri- bution supplementing the activ- ities of private enterprise”. Goods in CEIMSA warehouses in- clude 650.000 tons of corn, 416.- 000 tons of wheat, 60.000 tons of | beans, and 8.600 tons of rice, for a total of 1.134.600 tons of food- stuffs In addition, there are in various CEIMSA warehouses throughout ; the country 175000 boxes of eggs} and other merchandise “for the normal operation of CEIMSA food markets” Officials also said the agency is pressing the construction of ware- houses in rural areas to lay up the corn and beans purchased from farmers at guaranteed prices. No estimates can be made for the time being, officials said, but CEIMSA will buy all the corn and | inflationary Inflation in MIAMI SP SPRINGS, FLA., FLA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1958 : Hemisphere is Slowing Down, Chase NEW YORK, Jan. 7 (UP)— The trend in the Latin American countries, almost uncon- trolable during the first post-war decade, has began to slow-down, according to “Latin American Business Week” publication of the Chase Manhattan Bank: “While this is a stimulating sympton — it remarks — the con- trol of inflation promises to con- tinue being in the near future a ificant problem for many Lat- | in American countries.” In the vost-war veriod, seven of the Revublics of the region have suffered less inflation than United States. However, in nine of the Latin American countries the | cost of living increased to more than double, and in three of them the increase is 25 times. It points out that the countries most affecteW by inflation are Chi- le, Paraguay and Bolivia. Toward | the middle of 1957, the costo fliv- ing index in Chile was 25 times Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ MEXICO — (Continued) — The Indians who inhabited Baja Cali- fornia before the Spanish Conquest did not develop the high degree of civilization reached by the main- land tribes, the Aztecs, Toltecs and Mayas: These Indians were nomads hunting and fishing for their main- tenance. The three main tribes on the peninsula, the Pericués, Guayeuras and Cochunués, had no connection with each other, as each thought they livéd in an is- land. Communications were dif- ficult, so they did not stray far afield. It was not until the ar- rival of the Spaniards that unity was brought about. In 1526, Hernan Cortés, who had conquered México, sailed from Te- huantepec, on a voyage of explora- tion. He sailed around the main- land, and touched at Baja Califor- nia, which he called “Célida For- nax” (Hot Furnace). Although on- ly the deserts have an oven-like climate, the name stuck, and this land beeame California. In 1540, | another expedition was sent out for the conquest of the peninsula, but failed to subdue the tribes. Several expeditions followed, until in 1636, Esteban Carbonelli landed at Mulege and discovered that pearl-fishing was an ancient industry there. The news spread rapidly, and within the year Baja California was overrun with ad- venturers and treasure hunters. They were accompanied by Friars of the “Compafiia de Jésus.” The peninsula’s first capital was Lore- to, on the east coast, and the first mission. was founded there in 16- 95. Later, in 1830, La Paz was made the capital of the whole ter- titory, which included whet is now the State of Baja California and} the State of California in the Unit- ed States. Mulegé is located near Concep- cién Bay, the point where Carbo- nell; landed in 1636 and discover- ed that pearl-fishing was an an- cient art. It was from this point that the Spaniards invaded the in- terior of the peninsula. All along the route, ancient missions may be seen. In the district of Mulegé, in Santa Gertrudis, immense deposits of gold were discovered in 1884, and also a fantastic solid moun- tain of iron.. La Paz, capital of the Territory | of Baja California, facing La Paz Bay, is one of the peninsula’s most important cities. This is one of the three greatest pearl-fishing cen- ters in the world, the most import- ant one in the Pacific coast of the Americas. The city has good hotels and re- staurants, and lovely tropical houses covered with bright flowers. La paz is a fine port and has an ex- cellent airport Not only are there superb water sports in La Paz, but the nearby region is full of small and picturesque resorts, including Las Cruces, Los Planes, Ensenada de los Muertos, and more to the south, numerous coastal towns. In the municipalities of La Paz, El Triunfo and San Antonio, the mountains contain rich deposits of gold, iron and other minerals. La Paz is easily réached by boat or plane from México’s mainland. La Paz Bay was once a hideout for buccaneers, and the southeast winds are still named in. honor of the notorious Cromwell. Not only is fishing a specialty of La Paz, but the nearby hills offer hunting for quail, duck, wildcat and deer. Las Cruces, 15 miles from La Paz on the Gulf shore, has wonderful pienie grounds among mango and beans which farmers are willing to sell other tropical fruit groves. Spanish Version Page 3 the | ‘Manhattan Bank Declares of Panama Canal higher than the level registered in multiplied by 43 and in Bolivia by | 119. “Business Highlights” com- pares those increases with the in- crease of six tenths in the United States and the same in Panama. The countries with the lowest in- flationary spiral were Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Etua- dor, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hon- duras, Panam4 and Venezuela. Those affected with a mild infla- tion during the period 1946-56 were Colombia, México, Nicaragua and Pert. “The immediate cause of that in- | flation was the increase in curren- cy and credits,” says the Chase |Manhattan publication, “which | mainly resulted from Government deficits. When the currency has been increased at a rhythm faster than real production of articles and services, the typical result is an \increase in the price level. When monetary expansion is curbed and it has a sufficient decrease, there is also a halt to inflation.” Inflationary pressure increased in Chile during the third quarter of last year, says the publication, adding that the cost of living in- creased 20 per céht, compared with 16 per cent during the same 1956 period. “And the prospects are — it adds — that there will be another great deficit in the Government budget. “Meanwhile, the economy is at a standstill. Industrial production is lower than in 1956, Retail sales were lower than those in the preceding year. And production of copper decreases when world prices dropped.” The publication, issued every three months by the Chase Manhat- tan, adds: “Gold reserves and foreign cur- rency in the Central Bank decreas- ed in 76 million dollars in Sept- ember, 1957. The high level of im- ports, combined with the copper income, considerably reduced the favorable payments’ balance. In November and December the Gov- ernment decreed high advance de- posits for all imports, in order to 1946. In Paraguay that level was! Writer Predicts Campaign for the Nationalization WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (UP)— A writer on Inter American affairs advised the Government and peo-; ple of the United States today to | to be throughout the Western Hemi- sphere for nationalization of the Panama Canal. He was Edward Tomlinson whose articles on relations within the Hemisphere are published in the Washington Daily News and other newspapers which belong to the Scripps-Howard chain. “High Unitea States officials here in Washington do not like to talk about it,” Tomlinson wrote in his column today. “But the idea has been snowbslling in the minds of Panamanian politicians and na- tionalists ever since Abdel Nasser took Suez and got away with it. “Now, the uiiversity students, who always have spearheaded an- ti-United States settiments in the Isthmian Republic, have organized to fight until “our glorious flag flies in triumph over the Canal Zone.” “The students have received the tacit. blessing oi the Panamanian Foreign Ministry, as well as out- standing leaders of the country including the majority of living former presidents .. . “Let no one think this campaign can be shrugged off, because Pa- nama is a tiny, weak country. Egy- pt also is a tiny weak country. But backed by hte whole Arab world in its Snez venture, it be- came a formidable power to be reckoned with. The Panamanians count on tremendous support from other Latin American nations.” Honduran Chief Justice Dies TEGUCIGALPA. (UP). — The President of the Supreme Court, Salvador Zelaya died last night at his home in this city. The funeral will be held this af- ternoon, The funeral procession avoid a great: commercial deficit next year.” WASHINGTON, Jan 7 —(UP)— | The operations of the Export-Im- | port Bank were maintained at a high level during the last 6 months but the loans to Latin America de- creased, Samuel C. Waugh, President of the bank, told the U.P. that during the period from the Ist of July to the 31st of December, 1957, the institution made 88 loans to 24 countries for a total of $468,397, 000. Of this amount, Latin America received $159,000,000, or 34 per | cent, while the corresponding per | | centage of the first semester of 1956 was 41 per cent, Waugh said that it is possible that the bank will not be able to give a large amount of credits dur- ing the final semester in the eco- nomic field which ends on the 30th of June, 1958, but he added that the loans to Latin America will continue as usual. Waugh, a former Assistant Sec- retary of State, said, in an inter- Eximbank Loans fo Latin America Decreased in 1957, Waugh States view, that the bank would not con- ~HEMISPHERIC_ EVENTS GUATEMALA FIRM ON BELIZE ISSUE GUATEMALA _ CITY, (UP)— The Guatemalan Government has formaily rejected every British and Mexican territorial right to British | Honduras and ceasserted its own claim to the Central American ter- ritory, now in Britain’s possession. A statement issued by the For- eign Ministry said Britain is “sim- ply the unlawful older of that part of our national territory with no other reason but force.” The statement said that in the face of “unfounded claims, reite- rated recently oy Britain and Mé- xico on the Guatemalan territory of Belice (the Guatemalan name for British Honduras), Guatemala must once again. proclaim its full sovereignty over the entire. terri- tory of Belice” The statement said also that “in its struggle against’ British im- perialism and, us it appears today, LatinA will leave from the building of the Masonic Lodge. tinue the operations further than the borrowing capacity of the countries. For this reason, he ad- ded, the bank will not consider in- creasing its operations, although Congress has increased, from four to six million dollars, the amount which President Eisenhower has asked for the facilities of the bank to obtain credits, with which thé bank could loan six times more than its capital. Waugh said that the fact the Soviet Union is offering economic | and technical aid to the other countries will not alter the bank’s policies, of only making loans that are justified from the view point of the circumstances and good business. He also stressed that the bank’s laws do not permit it to compete with private capital. For this rea- son, he said, the bank has avoided loans to_ governmental oil organi- zations, since it judges that there is plenty of private capital to do prepare? for a campaign | this. 1 THE AMERIEAS DAILY Fer a better understanding between the Americas : Member Inter Amer* Press Association ee - For Liberty, Culture and E Hemiepharit SoReinete, Solidarity NUMBER 156 Close Connection Between Reds, Castro and Prio is Charged by the Cuban Army U. S. Scientist to SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES IN ORIENTE DIRECTED BY REDS, STAFF DECLARES Set Seismographs in Rio de Janeiro . NEW YORK, Jan 7 —(UP)— Dr. Maurice Ewing, Director of the Oceanography Laboratory, Colum- bia University, is leaving today by plane for Rio de Janeiro, where he will install six seismographs to be used during the International Geophysical Year. Later, Dr. Ewing will join the | personnel of the ship-! laboratory | “Vema” to continue exploration of the Continental Platform off the coast of Argentina. While in Rio, Dr. Ewing will | work in cooperation with Dr. Lei- Jo Gamma, Director of the Nation- al Observatory of that city, in which the seismographs will be in- stalled. In Argentina he will work | with Dr. Dionisio Valenzuela, head of the Meteorological Services. Release of Two Nicaraguans is Denied by Judge MANAGUA, Jan. 7 — (UP) Drs. Enoe Aguado, ex Vice Presid- ent of the Republic, and Ricardo Wasmer, who were sentenced to nine years in prison for complici- ty in the assassination of Presid- ent Anastasio Somoza in 1956, will not be able to get their release for health reasons. That was the decision of Crimi- nal Court Judge Leén Francisco Rodriguez, in repecting a petition) of attorney Eduardo Conrado, for their release of his clients, because they are “seriously ill”. The Judge said the two men are at the Military Hospital, where they can be cured. : This policy has caused discon- tent in Argentina, Brazil, and Mé- xico, countries which have opposed permitting the entry of private ca- pital in their respective oil indus- tries. Waugh said that the bank is not opposed to make public loans as it has demonstrated with the loans that it has given to the national railroads of Brazil, and Argentina, but he said that it is a well known fact that private capital, as a gen- eral rule, does not venture to make loans to railroads. He reiterated, nevertheless, that the bank is convinced that in La- tin America, as well as the U.S., there is sufficient private capital ready to cooperate in the exploita- tion of hemispheric oil resources. The’ twelve Latin American countries which received loans from*the bank in the semester which ended’ on the 31st of last December are Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, Ecuador, Honduras, México, Pa- nama, Pert, and Venezuela. In se- veral cases, the loans were made to U.S., companies which operate in Latin America, for the expan- sion of their activities in that con- tinent. The largest loan to these coun: tries was to Colombia, for 60 mil- lion dollars, for the payment of the pending debt to U.S. .export- ers. The smallest was of $550,000 to a Brazilian firm, for agricultur- HAVANA, Cuba, Jan. 7 (UP)— The Genera] Army Staff charged today there is a “close connec- tion” between the communists; re- bel leader Fide! Castro Ruz and former Presidert Carlos Prio So- carras. The army said in a communique that they had “the purpose of de- posing the present government with a rehellious movement, main- taining in the whole island a move- ment of an underground nature which is infiltrating the universi- ties and other educational centers, especially in Oriente Province,” center of present rebel activity, “The main Executive Committee of the Communist Party in the Oriente Province has been modi- fied, but the army knows the names of all the present Directive Committee.” the communique said. “Different subversive activities are being pertormed in Oriente Province by men who are respon- sible to the Communist Executive.” The army said professors at vari- ous schools in Santiago in Oriente Province and especially at the Ma- tiana Grajales School of Arts and Crafts and the high school are “in- timately connected with commun- ist activities.” It said an army agency has prov- ed that labor leader Felipe Navea Aramberry, killed in Santiago on Dec. 19, was murdered because he was an anti-communist and a pro- minent fighter against communism. It said his murder was master- mineded by high echelons of the communist party in Havana and that it was carried out after Fidel Castro gave his approval from his Sierra Maestra hangout. It named Carlos Duany as the trigger man. The communique said the mur- der of Navea Aramberry was to mark the beginning of a series of strikes in order to throw workers into confusion. Other murders were planned to provoke a general strike of the revolutionary pattern, the Army said. The Army biamed communists for starting a strong campaign in the cane growing districts to hurt the sugar economy, of trying to blow up water mains to Santiago, of setting fire to cane fields, and of blowing up the main tower of Radio Oriental. MILITARY — GARRISON ATTACKED BY REBELS HAVANA, Jan. 7 (UP) — The press and radio office of the Cuban Army General Staff reported today that “elements outside of the law tried to attack the Dos Palmas Military Garrison, of the number Il Squadron of the Maceo Regi- ment, but they were stopped by the personnel of this post.” The attackers, according to the report, formed a group of 30 or 40 men, and suffered two casualties during the attack, The press and radio office said ‘that the attackers abandoned four rifles, ammunition, lanterns, bino- culars, much “subversive propa- ganda”, and a first aid kit, Franco Decorates Quito Officials MADRID. (UP) — The Chiet Executive has granted the follow- ing decorations: The Collar of Civil Merit to the President of Ecuador, Camilo Pon- ce Enriquez, and the Great Cross of Isabel La Catélica to the Ecua- dorean Foreign Minister, Carlos Tovar Zaldumbide, and the dele- gate of the Cominican Republic to the United Nations, Enrique Mar- chena. The Great Cross of Civil Merit to the Unden Secretary of Foreign Relations of Ecuador, Jorge Espi- nosa, and the Ecuadorean ex-Min- ister of Foreign Relations, Teodo- ro Alvarado. Brazilian Plan to Increase Trade With Reds Finds Heavy Opposition RIO DE JANEIRO, Jan. 7 (UP) a The propoal of President Jusce- lino Kubitschek to form a com- mercial mission made up of out- standing commercial and _ indus- trial figures of Brazilian business- men, to carry out a world tour in a sales campaign of the country’s products, seems to be tangled up in bureaucratic red tape. Kubitschek announced his plan saying that the mission will go also to the countries on the other side of the iron curtain— during a press conference held last Nov- ember. But high officials, among them the head of the Export-Im- port Department, Ignacio Costa Filho and foreign commerce ex- pert of the Relations Ministry, de- nied to have any knowledge of the least bit of progress in the plan after his announcement. Besides, the President told, a short time ago, the “Jornal Do Brazil”, that he would favor the al machinery. establishment of commercial rela- merica n News in Brief against Mexican presumptions, Guatemal. fortunately counts with the eifective valuable support of its sister Central American coun- tries.” In conclusion. the statement said Guatemala rejects every kind of claim to Belice, both by Britain and México. RIO’S TRAFFIC DEATHS SET NEW YEAR RECORD RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— Au- thorities reported that 315 persons were killed in the streets of Rio due to traffic accidents in 1957 despite an intensive police drive to -redtice the slaughter. The police traffic control bureau said that nearly 7,500 crashes brought death to 115 drivers and that 200 pedestrians were crushed to death under the wheels of motor vehicles: The report said more than 600,- 000 traffic violations last'year cost recalcitrant ‘drivers nearly $500,- 000 in fines but ‘that these ap- parently failed to teach them bet- ter ways. Traffic chief Maj. Antonio Joao warned that effective Jan. 9 po- lice would “down even more stringently on violators in the hope that heavier punishment would re- duce the infractions. ARGENTINE WHEAT CROP ESTIMATED BUENOS AIRES. (UP)— The Ministry of Agriculture issued its first estimate of the Argentine wheat crop for the 1957-58 season, setting the total at 4.900.000 long tons, or 31 per cent below. tHe previous season. "4 The ministry said aiivaeke wea- ther conditions and.a smaller acre- age sown combined to produce the reduction. Total acreage sown was estimated ‘at 18.101.015 acres, NO AID FOR LATIN OIL MONOPOLIES WASHINGTON (UP)— United States policy to withhold financial assistance from government oil monopolies in Latin America will continue even if some countries there turn to the Soviet Union for help, a high official said here. He indicated that the adminis- tration is determined to carry for- ward its belief that private enter- prise can best develop the oil re- sources of the Western Hemi- sphere. The official told the ‘ United Press that to turn back on this policy could undermine the efforts of at least five Latin Amerjcan Governments to allow private capi- tal to operate the oil industry. They are Bolivia, Colombia, Gua- temala, Honduras and Pert. But ‘argentina, Brazil and Méxi- oreo’ ar determined to‘keep their against 14,695,388 in the 1956-57 oil industries nationalized. tions with communist Europe. This position provoked solid resi- stanee from the Church and anti- communist circles, even though businessmen and government of: ficials in general, seem to favor these relations with the reds. Brazil now has diplomatic rela- tions with Poland and Czechoslo- vakia, and commercial relations with Hungary. In his statements to “Jornal Do ; Brazil”, Kubitschek said: “We have good markets in those coun- tries, and we hope to broaden them. But the program will have to be very carefully studied”. Foreign Minister José Carlos Macedo Soares, who is now in Sao Paulo, refused to make any state- ments about the renewal of the commercial relations with the So viet Union. Macedo Soares, who. stated that he was in favor of closer relations with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, (N. A.T.0.), even though the state- ments of Dr. Oswaldo Aranha, Chief of the Brazilian delegation to the United Nations General As- sembly, were to the contrary, avoided all the questions about | commerce with the communists. He told newspapermen: “I have | nothing to say”. Meanwhile, instead of the Bra- zilians starting on the way to Mos- cow, it seems that it is more pro- bable that the reds will come here. It has now been said that a red mission, held discussions in Bulga- ria, Rumania, and Hungary in 1957, for preparing the way for |. this visit. It has also been said that the commercial attaché of the Soviet diplomatic mission in Montevideo asked for a visa to come to Brazil and request a Soviet pavillion at the International fair which will be held in Rio de Janeiro next March, Tt is also said that the Soviet Union is offering dollar credits throughout the London banks, as well as equipment for oil explora- tion, in exchange for Brazilian raw materials, Since the end of September, 1957, Brazil has exported products for the value of $26,000,000 to Po- land and Czechoslovakia, and im- ported, from these two nations, products for a value of $24,000, 000.