Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 8, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz ; Managing Editor W. SMITH Cc. W. Ss. SMITE Vice President Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Fred M. Shaver Eliseo Riera-Gémez Business Manager Advt. & Cire. Mgr. Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Sprmgs. Fla.. on Febeuary 8. 1956. eos peer ceca PORE SCENE AT EDITORIAL PUBLIC EDUCATION IN PUERTO RICO Without the need of giving any statistical figures, it ean be affirmed that the people of Puerto Rico enjoy a high level of public education, both in that which is supplied by the State, and the one which corresponds to private teaching. Perhaps not everyone in America knows—in Latin America and the United States—that in Puerto Rico a solid cultural movement of permanent character has always existed, and that now, through modern procedures and the greater impulse given by the State to public instruction, it is becoming deeply rooted in all popular sectors of the country. Primary, secondary and university education in Puerto Rico has reached levels which many other countries, with much greater resources, would like to have and could have if the respective governments really engaged in efforts to obtain it. During the last few years, with the establishment of the Point Four Program, there has been a magnificent opportunity for students from all parts of the world, in particular from Latin America, to visit Puerto Rico in educational tours or enjoying scholarships from the United States, and they have found there a country fully identified with modern culture, which maintains its Hispanic tradi- tions and has assimilated also what is good in the customs and culture of the people of the United States. The University of Puerto Rico, with a registration of twelve thousand students, has all the modern scientific and academic resources to accomplish its high mission of orientation and culture. It is really unmistakable evidence of the high cultural level of the country. All the faculties in that outstanding university achieve the task which they are dedicated to fulfill. The Puerto Rican personality, inside and outside of the Island, necessarily becomes gigantic with the solidity of the country’s culture, with a greater divulgation of public education which will strengthen in the people respect for the rights of the individual, society and the State and which will stimulate, in each person, the vehement desire to excel within the anxiety of spirit and eargerness to work. THE CONFERENCE OF PRESIDENTIAL REPRESENTATIVES IN WASHINGTON The third meeting of the Inter American Committee of Presidential Representatives suggested in Panama by President Eisenhower to study the Inter American economic problems, ends today. It was understood by the peoples of the continent that it also had the purpose of adopting measures of definite importance and with the character of urgent. Unfortunately, as this brief editorial comment is written, we cannot find a reason to believe that in the near future an opportune and practical formula is going the be the result of that conference of representatives of the Presidents of America. All seems to indicate that resolu- tions of general type will be adopted with the recommenda- tions which, diluted in the diplomatic terminology, will not serve any useful purpose of substantial value, at least to solve in a quick manner the most urgent Inter American economic problems. When the first meeting was convoked, we expresed our sincere wishes for the success of its activities, not without remarking that, within the agencies of the Inter American System, if those agencies receive adequate support from all the governments, an adequate solution of the above mentioned problems could be found. With sincere good faith we wish we could find, in the final resolutions and recommendations, enough grounds to consider that the authentic triumph the peoples of America did expect from that Conference of Presidential Delegates, was attained. Sincerely we wish this for the benefit of all the countries comprising our regional system and in order that the peoples who have created this system, specially the Latin American, do not lose faith in the resolution of continental problems within Inter American cooperation. Most of Colombian Nation Against the Dictator, the N. Y. Times Says)”: NEW YORK, May 7 (UP)— The New York. Times, in an editorial on the Colombian political situa- tion, entitled “Fruits of Tyranny,” says: “Once again the people of a Lat- American nation are rising against their dictator. This time it is Colombia, and the dictator is President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. “The situation is dramatic and tense. Lieut, Gen. Rojas has shown himself in these last three years or more to be one of the worst dicta- tors to arise on the Latin Ameri- ‘ean scene. By now it is no exag- geration to say that the whole of his nation with the vital exception of the army leaders, is against the dictator. “Some Colombians are dying in this struggle for internal freedom ant it is again significant that those, as in Cuba, are university students. It was the university stu- dents in Argentina who were in the vanguard of the fight against Juan Perén. The six universities of Co- lombia are now closed. Thousands of the students are on strike and many are under arrest. Another parallel to the Argentine situation is that the dictator has antagonized an important segment of the Ro- man Catholic Church, which is now actively concerned in the political struggle. “One wonders how long a single man can impose his will upon a na- tion of the caliber of Colombia. General Rojas has shown a truly extraordinary stubborness and self will. His regime has for years ex- ercised a censorship of press, speech and politics which is as bad as in any dictatorship of the hemi- sphere. It is impossible to escape the conclusion that nothing but Personal ambition has held the general in place, although, as with all dictators, he has identified the good of Colombia with his contin- uance in power. “President Rojas may be able to hang on by continuing to send his THE AM For @ better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ COLOMBIA — The Department of Cauca, located in the south western section of the country, is the seventh in area, with 11,654 square miles, and eleventh in pop- ulation, which is estimated in 500, 000. The Department has, geologi- cally, soils belonging to all ages and periods. The rolling lands of the Western, Central and Eastern mountain chains of the Andes are predominant. There are low plains with very hot climate, as well as numerous highlands with cold cli- mate, The economy of the Depart- ment is based on agriculture, cat- tle raising and mines. Twenty-five towns produce 270,000 bags of cof- fee per year. The city of Popaydn, capital of the Department, was founded in 1536 by Sebastién de Belalcdzar and is, without doubt, the main tourist attraction of Cauca, espe- cially during Holy Week, which is celebrated with liturgical splendor and pomp. Rich in churches and traditions, Popayén has been call- ed the “Seignorial City” of Colom- bia. A majority of the Colombian presidents have been born in the Cauca Department, mostly in the capital. Popayan is a city of great traditions and has a famous univer sity, a good public library and se- veral cultural organizations. It has a slightly warm climate all year round, without any of the tropical hot, oppresing weather, although geographically located in the tro- Pies. The Puracé volcano, which still has intermittent periods of _ mild actitivity, is located a few ‘miles from Popayén, near a town of the same name, and attracts many visitors. Other places worth visiting are Almaguer, a mining town of 13,000 inhabitants, founded in 1550, which was very famous during the colonial period, and Bolivar, with E00 inhabitants, founded in 18- About 900 industrial establish- ments are listed in the Department of Cauca, including beverages, food processing, shoes and clothing, lumber, non-metallic minerals, chemical products, transportation equipment, leather goods, tobacco, machinery, wooden furniture, tex- tiles, printing and publications, rubber goods, and others, The Chocé Department, the on- ly one in the country with coasts both on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is located in the North- west part of the country, and has an area of °17,862 square miles. It has 69 miles of coastline in the At- lantic and 342 in the Pacific. Cho- cé has the fifth place in area among the departments of the Re- public, and the 16th in population, which is estimated in 150,000. Its, border with the Republic of Pana- mA is 166 miles long, with Antio- quia 310, 75 with Caldas, and 194 with Valle. Chocé is rich in precious metals, ranking second, after Antioquia, in their production. It is first in Colombia in production of platin- um, second in gold and third in silver. The territory is divided in- to four natural regions known as Atrato, San Juan, Pacific and At- lantic. There are a few Indian tribes scattered throughout the territory of Chocé. They belong to the Caribbean race, which in pre- Columbian times came to the coun- try through the Gulf of Darién. Quibdé, capital of the Depart- ment, has a population estimated in 50,000 and .most of the indust- Ties of Chocé are located there. These include lumber, food pro- cessing, shoes and clothing, bever- ages, wooden furniture, and many others. The second city in Chocé is Istmina, with a population of 23,- Chocé has been frequently men- | tioned in recent years as possible | site for another inter oceanic can- al, for which three routes have been considered, the most accept- able being the Atrato-Truando Toute, 100 miles long. In 1778 a priest named Antonio Cerezo open- ed a small channel joining the San Juan River to a tributary of the Atrato, through which canoes crossed from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Spanish Version Page 3 Police to beat up students savagely and throw tear gas bombs into churches. His troosp have all the tanks and machine guns and pre- sumably can hold Bogoté. Whether the President can hang on indef- initely by these means against a people like the Colombians, who have known freedom, remains to be seen. In any circumstances Co- lombians are driving home the les- som that the fruits of dictatorship in Latin America are growing more and more bitter.” , WEDNESDAY, MAY 8, 1957 MEXICAN AND COLOMBIAN AMBASSADORS TO THE OAS DECORATED WASHINGTON, D. C.—In a ceremony at the Nicaraguan Embassy, the Ambassadors of Colombia and México to the Council of the Organization of American States, Drs. César Tulio Delgado and Luis Quintanilla, received Nicaraguan decorations. Nicaraguan Ambassador to the White House and the OAS, Dr. Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, imposed, in the name of his Government, the decorations of the Order of Rubén Dario, with the Grand Cross degree, for services to the Panamericanist cause. In the photo is Dr, Sevilla Sacasa pinning the decoration on Dr. Quintanilla. — (Photo PAU) to Hondura TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras (UP)— The Foreign Ministers of Guatemala, El Salvador and Cos- ta Rica rushed here today to help work out a permanent peace be- tween Nicaragua and Honduras. They were scheduled to confer with a fact-finding team from the Organization of American States and the Honduran military junta. Guatemala and El Salvador have common borders with Honduras and Costa Rica borders on Nicara- gua. All three nations have been worried that the border dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras would blow up into a major Cen- tral American war. Two, top military officials from Panama arrived in Managua en route here to join a U. S. military mission that will fly over the dis- puted border territory on the Car- ibbean to observe troop placements on both sides. ‘ A military mission is expected from Argentina Wednesday but it was not known whether other members of the fact-finding team would participate in the reconnais- sance. Honduran Foreign Minister Jor- ge Fidel Durén said after a two- hour meeting that lasted until mid- night that the situation was calm Foreign Ministers Rush to Solve Border Dispute on all fronts. s in Effort The ruling Military Junta gave the OAS committee its version of the battles that occurred last week. While the meeting was going on an official government radio broad- cast blared through a loud speaker in Central Park that Honduras “is trying to deal diplomatically” with | the situation but suggested actions to “defend the sovereignty of our country.” Honduras and Nicaragua have signed a temporary cease-fire and the OAS committee is trying to make it a permanent one. HONDURAS REPORTS NEW ARMED ‘ATTACK TEGUCIGALPA, May 7 (UP)— The Government. radio reported that Nicaraguan troops attacked the Honduran town of Cifuentes ut 5:30 A M. today, breaking the cease-fire along the border. Cifuentes is east of Tegucigalpa and five miles inside Honduran ter- ritory in the border State of El Paraiso. Col. Cavaldo Lépez, Honduran Minister of Defense, did not know any details, but expected word from Cifuentes about the incident. The radio broadcast reported that Honduran troops repelled the attack and said that Honduran | United States to speak with Gov- \ Sannneinnnenememees Mexicans Concerned With U. S. Sales of Surplus Cotton WASHINGTON, May. 7 (UP)— Mexican Senator Julian Rodriguez Adame reiterated here his coun- try’s concern with the U. S.° sales of cotton surplus in the world market. The Senator presented the gen- eral opinion of his country on. the matter, in an interview with the Assistant Secretary of State for Economie Affairs, Thorsten Kali- jarvi. Senator Rodriguez came to the ernment officials on the sales of U, S. cotton to Latin American countries. Rodriguez will leave next week for Istambul, where he will attend the annual meeting of the Interna- tional Consulting Committee on Cotton. He was accompanied during his visit to the State Department by Mexican Ambassador Manuel Te- Tlo. Nicaraguan troops. REPORTS RIDICULED MANAGUA, May 7 (UP)— Newspapermen and other persons returning from the border zone, ridiculed the Tegucigalpa reports that Nicaraguan forces had attack- ed Cifuentes last night. They pointed: out that calm pre- yails in that region and that they did not see any signs of military activity. Cifuentes is 8 kilometers inside Nicaraguan territory and far away from the zone in dispute planes patrolling the area strafed HEMISPHERIC EVENTS with : Honduras. AGREEMENT TO SELL WHEAT TO PERU WASHINGTON, —\UP)— The State Department announced that the United States has agreed to sell Perti, through private Ameri- can traders, wheat and wheat flour worth $3,900,000 including ocean- transportation, and take payment in Perivian currency (soles), The Department said, “ a sub. stantial part’ of all soles accruing will be earmarked for loans de- signed to contribute to Perti’s eco- nomic development and will be re- payable in dollars or soles under the terms of a supplemental loan agreement which will be concluded at a later date. The balance will be reserved for the use of the U. S$ in Pert.” . The agreement was signed at Li- ma by Peruvian Foreign Minister ) Manuel Cisneros Sanchez and U. S. Ambassador Theodore C. Achi- lies. PERUVIAN SERVANTS GET BENEFITS, LIMA, Peri (UP)— An execu- tive decree extended to domestic servants the benefits of the Peru- vian Social Security System. The decree entitles them to 12: hours of continuous time off with pay weekly; one week’s paid vaca- tion yearly and severance payment of one week’s wages for every year served, ‘MEXICAN CHILDREN GET SALK SHOTS MEXICO CITY (UP)— More than 700,000 school children have been given Salk anti-polio vaccine during the first year in which the | Latin American News in Brief vaccine was produced in México, the Public Health Ministry an- nounced. An estimated 50,000 children were ‘vaccinated earlier with Salk imported from the United- States. PRICE CEILINGS IN ARGENTINA » BUENOS AIRES (UP)— The Provisional Government announc- ed new price ceilings for 33 basic consumer goods under the new policy of restoring controls to hold the price line against inflation. Some of the goods whose prices were frozen included’ vegetable oils, rice, spaghetti, flour, eggs, fish, salt, tea, mate tea, alcohol for fuel, kerosene, sugar, bread, milk, beer, butter, brooms and toilet pa- er. . The new prices were all fixed at SDAILY Member Inter American Press Associc¢+ion e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 249 General Strike Against Rojas Pinilla Spreads to Banks, Commerce, Industry MARTIAL LAW DECLARED IN VALLE, AS THREE ARE KILLED Rojas Pinilla Warns IN RIOTS IN CALI Colombians Against Taking Part in Budding General Strike BOGOTA, May T (UP) The passive resistance move- ment against General Gustavo Ro- jas Pinilla’s government continu- ed spreading gradually today in Colombia, notwithstanding the se- vere warning, personally given last night by the President, that he will adopt “all necessary measures” to stop it. “The government Rojas Pinilla warned in a speech broadcast by radio to the nation — has the full support of the Armed Forces to save the country against those who pretend to drag it into the “ir- responsible adventure” of a gen- eral strike.” The paralysis, however, con- tinues crippling slowly all na- tional activities, at the same time that public demonstrations of dis- content also continue. The President revealed in his speech that in a new incident, which ocurred early last evening in the city of Cali, another three persons lost their lives, which add- ed to the two youngsters killed in Bogota during last Sunday’s inci- dents, brings the balance of deaths to five in the six days of street agitation. Although the government has not given detailed information in regard to the Cali incident, news from that city say that martial law has been enforced in the city pro- per and in the whole of the Cauca Valley Department. BANKS REMAIN CLOSED In Bogota, banks did not open this morning, although the Super- intendent of Banks, Carlos Mon- roy, had announced last night he had a formal promise from the managers that they would function normally today. The banks and the Stock Ex. change closed yesterday at noon. The closing of commercial es- tablishments continued spreading during the day, as a result of a call for the closing of all establishments made by the National Merchants Federation. Although the National Industrial- ists Federation has not adopted any resolution, some factories and industrial establishments have joined the general strike here and in Medellin, a second city of Co- lombia, by decision of their own- ers or managers, Although the municipal trans. port systems are working as usual, as well as many offices, the atmo- sphere in ,the capital is of heavy calm, a lot of tension and great anticipation. Vigilance by police and the mili- tary has been doubled, and censor- ship tightened. The stoppage in educational ac- tivities became general today, as a result of an order to close all schools, colleges and universities given yesterday by the Minister of Education “for reasons of pub- lic order.” The Government’s attitude was expressed last night by the Presi- dent in a speech considered by ob- servers as “energetic and firm but serene.” After reporting that the com- manders of the Armed Forces of all the country had sent him a mes- sage of support, in which they de- clare that “united with the people, we will die in our posts if neces- sary to save Colombia,” the Presi- dent said this means, without doubt or mistake, that the Govern- ment is firm.” Rojas Pinilla said also that “cer- tain elements that formerly were heads of parties. . .have wanted to appeal, as a last resource to achieve their ambitions, the tactics of compromising in their irresponsib- le adventure respectable sectors of national life which, by their na- ture should be disconnected from political struggles,” making a call to, the economic groups, workers and students “to make them as- sume beligerant attitudes.” “The Government regrets that the good fatih of some has been betrayed, and that they have let themselves be dragged into the trap set for them,” he added. “At present there is no conflict between employers and workers; no claims from one or the other, in regard to the defense of their profesional interests, is pending, continued the President. However, there have been talks of provoked stoppages, nor by the workers, but by patronal elements which stu- pidly have sucumbed to the pres- sure of the oligarchies that pre- tend to Jet the workers loose in the streets, attainning with it only the lessening of their true inter- ests. Brazil Gets Eximbank Loan to Start Erection of Its Fu WASHINGTON, May 7 (UP)— The Export-Import Bank Board of Directors has announced here the granting of a loan for $10,- 000,000 to Brazil for that country to start erection of its future capi- tal, Brasilia. * With that amount, Brazil will buy in the United States metallic and electrical materials which will be used in the construction of the new city. The Bank stated in its announce- ment that the news of the decision to grant the credit was given to the Brazilian President, Juscelino Kubitschek, in Rio de Janeiro, by the United States Ambassador, El- about current levels. Wages were frozen several weeks ago at the level set by existing la- bor contracts which run until the middle of next year. FORD TO EXPAND IN MEXICO MEXICO CITY (UP)— An _ex- pansion program costing $800,000 will be undertaken this year by the local Ford Motor Company plant here, General Manager Fraine B. Rhuberry announced. The Ford offtctal said more than two-thirds of the money will be spent in the construction of a building for storage and supply of parts, and the balance will go into the expansion of the assembly, warehouse, delivery and office ture Capital City lis Briggs and the Vicepresident of the Bank, Lynn U. Stanbaugh. The Bank also said that although the loan is important for Brazil to start the construction of Bra- silia, Brazil, itself, will finance the greater part of the work. The Bank’s statement, making known the granting of the loan says textually: “Lynn U. Stambaugh, First Vicepresident of the Export-Import Bank, and United States Ambas- sador, Ellis 0. Briggs, notified Pre- sident Juscelino Kubitschek, in Rio de Janeiro, that the Directors of the Export-Import Bank, of Wash- ington, authorized the granting of a $10,000,000 loan to “Compafiia Urbanizadora de Nova Capital do Brazil,” to finance the purchase of materials and certain necessary equipment for the construction of Brasilia, the new national capit- al, in the United Stated. “The Directors are aware that, although this loan is important to start_the execution of the Brasilia plan, the construction of the capit- al will be financed, principally, through local means. The credit will be guaranteed by Brasil’s “| National Treasury and will be re- turned in a period of 15 years, with a five and a half per cent annual interest.” The Bank Directors reported their decision to Brasilian Am- bassador, Ernani do Amaral Peixo- to. In Brazilian Embassy sources it was declared that the Directors ap- proved the loan after a very brief debate. It was added, in the same circles, that Kubitschek had great interest in obtaining the credit to start ing facilities. buildings, a railway spur and park- construction of government build ings at the new capital,