Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 7, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Cc. W. SMITH. Vice President Fred M. Shaver Business Manager THE AM For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, MAY 7, 1957 8. SMITE Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Cire. Mgr. Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Sprmgs. Fla.. on February 8. 1956. EDITORIAL Ee SETAE DISTURBANCES IN COLOMBIA According to news reports published in this edition, transmitted from Bogota by the United Press, Colombia is now confronting a new period in its already long political crisis. A general strike has been declared by student, political and social organisms of the country, as a protest against the Government. The armed forces, the news agency reports say, have unleashed violence, even inside of Catholie chur- ches, in one of which the troops threw tear gas bombs. An while this is happening, the people and their leaders, in courageous attitude, maintain their civic and political protest. Everything seems to indicate that this is one of the most difficult problems confronting the Government of Colombia since its inaugural attack of the army against in June, 1953, including the University students approxi- mately two years ago, when twelve of them were killed in a riot. In order to solve this crisis, the Colombian Govern- ment must act with a great political ability, instead of military violence. It is to be hoped that the former leads to creation of a patriotic formula permitting a dignified and democratic understanding between opposition forces and the Government presiden by General Gustavo Rojas Pini- Na. If, unfortunately, the men of the regime should believe that everything can be resolved with bullets, a new painful and bloody chapter will open in the history of Colombia, and the country will suffer even more in the essence of its institutional republican life and in its moral and mate- rial progress. On their part, the leaders of the opposition and those who are directing the civic scholastic movement, would be dutybound to accept any understanding which would be really convenient to the interests of the Fatherland and which could never be different to those of democracy. It would be ideal that, within a climate of nationalist cordiality, on a basis of adequate tolerance, the necessary understanding between the government and the people could be achieved, for positive benefit of Colombia and the prestige of continental democracy. ) Perit Decorates Braniff President LIMA, May 6 (UP) — Charles E. Beard, President of Braniff International Airways, stressed the importance of commercial aviation in the every day greater efforts, spiritual as well as material, for understanding among the peoples of the Americas. Beard expressed this opinion in the speech he delivered yester- day, when accepting the “order of Merit” Decoration, with the rank of Knight Commander from the hands of the President of the Council of Ministers (Cabinet) and Minister of Foreign Relations, Dr. Manuel Cisneros, The decoration was granted him by the Peruvian Government, as vecognition for “distinguished ser- vices rendered by Beard to civil aviation, when uniting Pert, more intimately, with the sister nations of Latin America and with the United States.” _ The delivery of the decoration coincided with the flight of the “E] Dorado” plane in the pre-inau- gural trip of the new service Bra- niff will open on the 17th of this month, from New York to Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, with stops over in Washington, Miami, Panama and Lima. Latin Americans Parade in New York NEW YORK, May 6 (UP) — About 25,000 persons marched in a parade yesterday, along Fifth Avenue in this city, during the celebration of the second annual Latin American parade which takes place here. The police estimated that about 150,000 persons lined up the Ave- nue to witness the parade of mem- bers of 170 Latin American In- stitutions of this city. Mayor Robert Wagner, officials of the Municipality and representa- tives of Latin American Socities, occupied the Honor Platform which was erected in front of the Public Library at 5th Avenue and 42nd Street. The Parade started at 23rd St. shortly after 2 o’clock in the after- noon and ended at 53rd Street, from where different groups went to thé Plaza de las Américas to de- posit floral offerings at the statues of Bolivar and San Martin. From the Plaza de las Américas they con- tinued to Columbus Plaza, where they rendered tribute to the dis- coverer of the New World. Brass bands of the Police and Fire Departments and detach- ments of New York mounted Po- lice, headed the Parade. Representations of different La- tin American countries and Span- ish Provinces, wearing their typical costumes, attracted the attention uf the public assembled to witness the Parade. Some of the groups staged folklore dances during the demostration, Know’ thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ CHILE — In the last three de- cades there has been a great de- velopment in the social welfare in- stitutions in Chile. In 1925, the Na- tional Fund for Public Employ- es and Jounalists was created, which represents: the organized structure of civil employes. The Sccial Security of the employe is, in turn, an old fact and a new one in Chile. It was born in the early days of the Colonial period when the grants and gifts of the Mon- arch, through relatives and the in- |fluence of courtiers, determined the amount of favors received by the government employe. During the reigns of the last Phillips and Charles of Spain, the employe of the colony became an official and acquired tights, such as retirement for old age. Independence affirmed even more the security on the of- ficials with the First Consultive Senate of the O’Higgins Govern. ment in 1820. Through later gov- ernments the protective measures were brought to perfection for the public employe, until the creation of the Fund in 1925. Its chief be- nefits are: retirement with full pay after 30 years of contributions; life insurance of 18 months pay; free medical and dental treatment; personal loans at low interest; ac- quisition of property; mortgage loans; payments to widows and children under 21, The assets of the Fund are around 2 billion pe- sos, and annual receipts around 500 million pesos, At the same time, the Fund for Private Employes was created, as well as its auxiliary agencies, which while not yet offering the broad benefits of the Fund for Public Employes, constitutes a basis for the social assistance for the private employe, a basis which is being ex- tended in such working population of the Republic. There is also a Fund for Com- pulsory {nsurance of Workers, which takes care of the protection of wage earners, The beneficiaries are wives of the insured, who re- ceive maternity care; children are insured up to 2 years of age; pen- sioners are the aged and those re- quiring family assistance. The law creating this Fund pro- vides compulsory insurance for illnes and disability for every- one under 65 years of ~ age, who would ordinarily have no other income or means than the salary or wages paid by his em- ployer, whether an individual or a corporation, Those working in any trade, and apprentices are also subject to the Fund, as well as la- borers, artisans and artists work- ing independently, those rendering services to the public in the streets, parks, or at shops, the small industrialist and the small businessman in shops or in push- carts in the streets, door to door salesmen, etc. The Fund is formed with quotas paid by employer, the insured, and the Government, An important amendment to this law was to extend attention to the chil- dren of the insured, and those pro- viding free food and medical at- tention to babies up to two years of age. About 50 per cent of the re- ceipts of the Fund are provided by the employer; about 20 per cent by the insured, 20 per cent by the Government, and ten per cent re- presents fines, fees, etc. Spanish Version Page 3 SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS ‘FO CLOSE: I close the door You close the window John closes his book We close the box John and Peter close their eyes Let us open the window Let us close the door Open the door Close de window éCierro yo la puerta? aCierra Ud. la ventana? Qué cierra Juan? éCierra Juan su libro? zQuiénes cierran la caja? 2Cerramos nosotros la caja? 2Quiénes cierran los ojos? aCierran Juan y Pedro los ojos? XXI LESSON CERRAR PRONUNCIATION Ceh-rrabr Yo cierro la puerta Ud. cierra la ventana Juan cierra su libro Nosotros cerrames la caja Juan y Pedro cierran los ojos Syeh-rrahn lohs Abramos la ventana Cerremos la puerta Abra la puerta Cierre la ventana oh-hohs Ah-brah-mosh . « « Seh-rreh-mohs « « « Ah-brah la. ee , S'yeh-rreh lah . oe Si, sefior, usted la cierra Si, la cierro El cierra su libro Si, sefior, lo cierra Ustedes cierran la caja Si, sefior, ustedes la cierra.. Juan y Pedro Si, sefior, los cierran Abra Ud. la puerta, cierre Ud. Ja ventana i éQué hace usted? _ Abramos los libros éQué hacemos nosotros? zAbrimos nosotros los libros? Yo abro la puerta, yo cierro la ventana (Nosotros) abrimos los libros Si, sefior, los abrimos, no los abrimog 101 S'yehn-toh oo-noh, s'yehn-toh dohs, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110. SDAILY The U.S. A. WASHINGTON — “We must work harder to ease the tensions in the Americas than the Commun- ists are working to create them,” Senator George A. Smathers (D- Fla.) cautioned in a speech be- fore the United, States Senate. “The Communists, although bu- sy elsewhere in the world, have not abandoned their efforts to subvert Latin America. The widespread publicity given to the brutal Com- munist suppression of the Hungar- jan revolt struck a blow to their efforts south of the Rio Grande. But it was only temporary, and there has been no let-up in- the Communist endeavors to capitalize on the widespread social conflict and awakened nationalism under which many of the Latin Ameri- can republics are laboring,” Smath- ers warned. “While we have been concentrat- ing on the rapid fire developments in the Middle East, Latin America — right here in the Western Hemi- sphere — has been experiencing similar widespread ferment and unrest. But because it is not — at the moment, in the direct geogra- phic path of the Soviets, develop- ments in this area receive scant attention. Yet the pot boils down there. Reports from South Ameri- ca, Central America and the Carib- ‘ean have been increasingly troub- ling,” he added. “Tt is well to recall that the Mid- dle East is mot the only oil-pro- ducing region in the world. Latin America produces nearly a billion ‘barrels of oil a year, about 16 per cent of the world’s total, eompared with 15 per cent in the Middle East. Of course, in known reserves, the Middle East far outstrips the Latin American area, but to date most tracts in Latin America re- garded as promising by geologists remain unexplored,” the Florida senator reasoned. “The Smathers said, United Pablo Casals in Rapid Recovery SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico —(UP) —Famed cellist Pablo Casals, 80, is making a rapid recovery from a heart attack suffered last month, physicians said today. Visitors still were barred from his seaside home here. But he was well enough today to be wheeled around his home in a chair. The Spanish-born Casals. suffer- ed a coronary thrombosis April 16 in the midst of preparations for the Casals Music Festival in San Juan. The Festival opened April 22, as scheduled, despite the ill- ness of the cellist. BENSON TO VISIT LATIN AMERICA WASHINGTON (UP)— Secret- ary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Ben- son will leave May 22 for a tour of Brazil, Pera, Argentina, Uruguay and other Latin American coun- tries, it was announced. ‘ Benson will address a conference of U. S. Agricultural Attaches in Rio on May 24. A final itinerary for Benson’s trip has not been issued yet by the Department. The Conference of Attaches at Rio de Janeiro will be held the week of May 20. Besides Benson, participants will be Department Attaches for Latin American coun- tries, and representatives of U. S. farm organizations and trade as- sociations. MEXICAN FARMERS REFUSE TO MOVE MEXICO CITY (UP)— More than 300 families in the Papaloa- pn region of Veracruz State have refused to abandon their homes which are to be submerged by the new artificial lake of the Papaloa- Sister Republics or Suffer Consequences FLORIDA SENATOR GEORGE SMATHERS WARNS Must Help States, as the preponderant power in the Western Hemisphere and as leader of the free world, can and must help our sister republics to | channel the course of their deve- lopment toward constructive goals, | or else be prepared to suffer: the consequences.” He said the United States cannot be complacent with regard to Lat- in America on the economic front, and criticized as a “deceptive ha- bit” the “lumping of all 20 repub- lies together in statistical reports,” “Tt is true that last year consid- erable capital investment flowed from both United States and Eu- ropean sources into Latin America. However, a breakdown of the fig- ures show that not all the coun- tries fared well in the report- ed progress, Argentina’s reserves plunged by some $137 million, while Colombia’s reserves dropped by one-third in less than a year. In fact, 1956 saw Colombia develop- what amounted to economic chaos tory. Inflation wracked the Para- guayan economy. Bolivia suffered ing a har pull to prove that de- last year. Guatemala, the little na- tion in Central America where Communist infiltration was root- ed out over two years ago, was hav- ing ahard pull to prove that de- mocratic government and free en- terprise can bring a better way of life to the underpriviledged,” Smathers continued. “The emphasis which the State Department puts upon crisis spots elsewhere in the world while let- ting Latin American problems slide can lead to future disaster in La- tin America,” the Florida senator warned. Smathers was critical of the “slowness of administration” by the State Department and the ICA in dealing with his appropriation amendment calling for a special fund aimed at “assisting our sis- ter republics in the vital basic fields of health, education and san- itation.” Smathers said private invest- ment today is attracted to only those countries in Latin America where minimum health, education and sanitation standards have al- ready been achieved. “While | propose to oppose for- eign aid in some instances, I am convinced that the small amounts presently being provided for Latin America far from being in excess, varely fulfill the minimum require- ments of an effective program for the Western Hemisphere. I am equally convinced that the new approach to foreign aid developed in the special fund for Latin Ame- rica is a significant and worthwhile innovation,” he pointed out. “I cannot repeat too often that these MRS. MUNO Thousands Mourn Mujioz’ Mother in Puerto Rico SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, May 6 (UP)— The remains of Mrs. Amalia Marin de Munoz Rivera, mother of Governor Luis Mufioz Marin, were buried yesterday at the small mountain town-of Ba- rranquitas. Among those attending funer al ceremonies were the Gover- nor, his wife and family and ma- ny public officials, who made the trip in 200 automobiles, A crowd estimated in 3,000 persons, most- ly poor people, made the trip on foot. SIX LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS TO ATTEND U. S. NAVAL REVIEW WASHINGTON, May 6 (UP)— Six Latin American countries ac- cepted and five declined the invita- tion sent to them to participate in the International Naval Review to be celebrated at Hampton Roads (Virginia) from June 8th to the 17th. a Seventeen foreign countries will send from 30 to 40 warships to the review, which will be the most im- portant act of the Jamestown Cele- bration, to commemorate the 350th anniversary of the settlement of the first permanent English colony in the American continent. The navy sent invitations to 27 countries, asking them to send warships to the review. The Latin American countries which accepted, were: Colombia, Cuba the Dominican Republic, Pe- ru, Uruguay and Venezuela. Latin American countries which declined the invitation, were: Ar- gentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Haiti and México. Among the 60 United States vessels which will participate in the review will be the Super-Car- rier “Saratoga,” battleships “Iowa” and “Wisconsin,” and cruisers, equipped with guided missiles, Member Inter American Press Associction For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 248 Twelve Newspapers Closed, as Two Persons Are Killed in Disturbance Bogota Police Throws Tea Ga Bombs Into Church, Forcing Congregation to run out BOGOTA, May 6 (UP)— Stu- dents angered by the death of a teenager in weekend rioting here called on the Colombian people today to support a “general strike” against President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Pedro Julian Tamayo, 23, not a student, also was killed. Twelve opposition newspapers in varios cities responded to the call by announcing that they will suspend publication indefinitely. Two of them shut down yesterday, saying that emergency regulations made it impossible for them to publish. . Sixteen-year-old Ernesto Apari- cio, who died of a throat wound last night, was the first fatality of the noisy but usually non-violent anti-government demonstrations that flared up here last week. He is believed to have. been in- jured by the firing pin of a tear gas bomb when police gassed the congregation of the Porcitncula Church, whose priest was preach- ing an antigovernment sermon. The congregation streamed out of the church, formed in the street outside and began to sing the Na- tional Anthem. Police threw more tear gas bombs into the crowd, and Aparicio was injured. The rectors of Bogota’s six pri- vate universities announced last night that they are suspending classes because of what amounts to “a situation of national emergen- cy.” The Army took over the city Saturday night, ostensibly as part of a “routine military exercise.” The students general strike was not called as the result of stu- dent Aparicio’s death, It was plan- ned previously. ¥ The opposition newspapers which voluntarily closed their doors are four conservatives and eight liber- “Intermedio” (which replaces “El Tiempo”), “El Independiente” (which replaces “El Espectador”) and “La Republica”, discontinued publication in Bogota. “El Colombiano,” “El Correo,” “El Diario” and « “La Defensa” closed in Medellin. Other paralyzed papers are “El Relator,” of- Cali; “El Diario de la Costa” and “El Universal,” of Car+ tagena; “El Heraldo,” of Barran- quilla and “Vanguardia Liberal,” of Bucaramanga. However Bogoté this morning had its normal aspect. Stores and public as well as pri- vate offices were open and the in- dustrial establishments were work- ing also. Collective transport were functioning normally. The students called yesterday for a general stoppage of all activities; but, apparently, the effect of that call is limited to students activities, as the appea could only be divulg- ed through clandestine hand bills, The armed forces occupied again the capital, thus increasing the ten- sion. With tanks and armored cars, the soldiers, fully armed with ri- fles and machine guns, took posi- tions in strategic places and around the Presidential Palace, the Capitol and other public build- ings. Well armed soldiers patrolled the city this morning to prevent public disturbances. , Aside from the St. Xavier, Uni- versities now closed, include the Mayor del Rosario School (the old- est and most famous Universitar- ian Institute in Colombia), El Ex- ternado and the University of the Americas. This capital is lacking news from Medellin, Cali and other centers of the country where students in- services als. Nicaragua-Hondu cidents have been registered also. ras Agree to Stop War, Pending Ruling on Old Dispute MANAGUA, May 6 (UP)— Ni- caragua and Honduras have agreed to call off their border war pend- ing an international ruling on the century-old dispute that touched it off, it was announced today. President Luis Somoza said Nica- ragua is willing to observe the truce provided Honduras does so. He warned, however, that any “new aggression” by Honduras would mean “total war.” Ricardo M. Arias of Panama, chief of the 10-man fact-finding board that came here from aWsh- ington to investigate the conflict, said the two Central American na- tions have agreed to stop fighting at least until the board has sub- mitted its report to the Organiza- tion of American States, Arias said both nations have are loan, not hand-outs,” he said. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief pan hydrvelectric system, the Na- tional Farmers Confederation _re- ported. A total of 1,400 families must be removed to new lands in the val- ley, which will be greatly benefit- ted by the recently constructed dam and other projects now un- der construction. However more than 300 families have refused to move and the gov- ernment is trying to persuade them to leave their old places and move to better and richer lands. RUSSIAN TANKER IN CURACAO ‘WILLEMSTAD, Curacao (UP)— The Russian tanker Kaxobka ar- tived here to load 10,500 tons of fuel oil for an unnamed Swedish company. The tanker, also referred to as Kakhovka, is the first Russian ves- sel ever to visit this major oil cen- ter in the Netherlands West Indies, The oil is being supplied by the Dutch Shell Company. which also acts as agents for the vessel. ‘Boston” and “Camberra.” destination was an unnamed Swed- ish port but a reliable source said ihe captain was still awaiting or- ders as to the ship’s final destina- tion after loading. COFFEE PRODUCTION IN MEXICO WASHINGTON (UP)— Certain parts:of México, “particularly in Veracruz and Chiapas, are ideally suited for increased production of coffee,” the U. S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service. said. In its foreign agricultural circu- lar, the service said: “Output over the next decade could be expanded materially. given an increase in Jong-term - credit, technological improvements. and better market- ing practices and facilities.” The circular said that since 19- 50 México has risen to the posi- tion of third ranking coffee pro- ducer in. the world. “While current output is only one-fifteerith that of Brazil, or one- fourth that of Colombia, the pro- accepted an agreement providing high quality of some of the coffee produced there gives México a very high degree of importance to the American coffee importer,” th publication said., f Mexican coffee imports into the U. S. were 791,000 bags in 1951, the service said, and increased to 1,200,080 bags in 1955. NEW AIR ROUTES MEXICO-U, S. A. MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Communications Ministry said it will announce the remaining awards of direct air routes under the new agreement with the Unit- ed States “within the next three weeks.” Most important route still to be awarded under the new bilateral agreement are México City-Chica- go and México City-New York. Others are México City- New Or- for an immediate cease fire and the immediate cessation of troop movements in either nation. The agreement gives the fact- finders, representing the United States, Argentina, México, Bolivia and Panama, four days to work out plans for a settlement of the bor- der dispute. The ban on troop movements halted a Nicaraguay column which was headed for Yalaguina, 30 miles inside the Nicaraguan border, to retaliate for a reported Honduran attack on the garrison. The only other military action reported over the weekend consist- ed“ of raids by Nicaraguan and Honduran warplanes on various villages in the disputed area. There was no report of casualties, Honduras charged that Nicara- gua warplanes attacked the ham- let of Mocorén, principal focus of the fighting, and the villages of Tacifuntes and Puerto Lempira. Reports circulating in Tegucigal- pa said Mocorén has been “com- pletely destroyed” by air attacks. Its people were said to have fled into the hills. Somoza said Honduran war- planes strafed the village of Lei- mus, on the Coco River a few miles from Mocorén, where the Robert- son Lumber Company of New Orleans has a sawmill. None of the eight Americans in the village at the time of the attack was injured. Guatemala, El Salvador and Cos- ta Rica, the other three nations of Central America, announced over the weekend that they have closed their borders with Nicaragua and Honduras to prevent gun-running into either of the two countries. The Foreign Ministers of the three countries have offered to serve as joint mediators in © the dispute. The disputed area is a 12-mile strip of the “Mosquito Coast” whose ownership has been in ques- tion ever since Nicaragua and Hon- duras won their independence from Spain. The late Spanish King Alfonso leans and México City-San Anto- nio. ‘ The agreement goes into effect 1 First. reports said the tanker's ximity of México to the US and the June 7. XII, acting as an arbitrator, award- ed the territory to Honduras in 1906, but Nicaragua never re- eognized the ruling,