Diario las Américas Newspaper, April 2, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people “ath YEAR For @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Business Cc. W. SMITH Vice President 8. SMIRH Vice President HORACIO AGU! TRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Fred M. Shaver Eliseo Riera-Gémez Manager Advt, & Cire, Mgr. ers he STEEDS SSS Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla., on February 8, 1956. ‘ EDITORIAL se RRS oT RRS PROBLEMS OF AMERICA AND THOSE OF THE OTHER CONTINENTS ) The fundamental problems of Inter American cooperation usually march very slowly, as if it was believed that time, by itself, could solve a great part of them. This tardiness is in marked contrast with the accelerated rhythm of negotiations between the United States of America Earth, especially Europe and other regions of the and Asia. Should complications—visible and invisible—in the Americas march at a moderate speed, the indi- ference that there seems to exist with regard to Inter American problems would not have consequen- ces to speak of. But it happens that those complica- tions are constantly increasing, in particular in the economic field, while definite solution of the the much expected and problems has not been forthcoming for a long time. It is in the interest of both the United States arid the Latin American countries, in a high degree, to reach a prompt solution of pending matters, which because of their magnitude are related with the essence of life itself in the twenty Latin American countries. ‘ : When negotiations are frozen in diplomatic procedures, which are traditionally slow, without any encouragement toward the goal of victory, it is very difficult to achieve the success hoped for. | It is necessary to take some measures, strong in their form, regarding Inter American economic cooperation, and those measures, without a haste that may compromise the result, should be firmly adopted within a reasonable length of time. Other- wise, the aim of that cooperation will fulfill only a politico-psycological task during determined moments, but without any practical and constructive |. transcendence. The existence of negotiations with Europe and Asia, for example, of extraordinary urgency and seriousness, because they are closely linked to the fate of world peace, is undeniable; However, this fact does not signify that the problems of America do not require careful study and energetic decisions. Also, the problems of America have very close rela- tion with the equilibrium of international policies. A strong America will be the greatest fear for com- munist imperialism. An America, with the solidarity of its twenty one republics, would be the maximum defense of world democracy. MEXICAN OIL INDUSTRY SHOULD ACCEPT FOREIGN CAPITAL, CHAMBER OF COMMERE MEMBER STATES MEXICO, April 1 (UP)— Eusta- quio Escandén, of the National Chambers of Commerce Federation expressed the opinion that the Me- xican Oil Industry should accept foreign capital, to increase produe- tion and play a bigger role in Mé- xio’s national economy. Escandén said that the lack of national capital is stopping the country from taking advantage of the “great potential wealth of its oil industry.” He believes there should not be any fear that the foreign capital eould “seize the country”, as “Mé- TO HAVE: I have ° You have He, she has We have You have They have I have three books. You have five books. Peter has two books. We have little money. Mr. F, and Mr. R. have much money. The students have few books, John has many pencils, Mary has many pens. Fow many books have If Has Peter fours books? No, he has only two. How many books have you? Have you as many books as P? Has Peter fewer books than you? 41 Kwah-rehn-teh ee oo-noh, xicd has reached maturity and can adequately, defend its oil indus- try.” Private but reliable sources said recently that Petréleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), the Government mono- poly, is negotiating with French banking interests a loan of about 2,500 millions Mexican Pe- sos, of which 1,675 will be in cash, at long term, to work out a Pro- gram of Exploration and Develop- ment, and the balance of 825 to be used in the purchase of refinery material in France and exploitation of the oil fields. SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ CUBA — Camagiiey, one of the six provinces in which the Repub- lic of Cuba is divided, comprises the municipalities of Camagiiey, Ciego de Avila, Esmeralda, Flori- da, Gudimaro, Jatibonico, Morén, Nuevitas and Santa Cruz del Sur. The province is composed mostly of flatlands, with the exception of the Cubitas and Najosa mount- ains and, to the north, some hills of a group called of Sabana, which is an extension of one in Santa Clara. The principal rivers in the province are the Jatibonico of the North, Chambas Caunau, Maximo, Jigiiey, Saramanguacoén, Cascorro, Nuevitas, Negros, Vertientes, San- ta Maria, San Pedro, Tinima, Jati- bonico of the South, San Juan de Najosa, and others. The main wealth of the Povince is derived from the cattle industry, although there is also abundance of the typical agricultural products of Cuba, such as sugar cane, etc. Very important also ‘is the fishing industry. The mineral wealth of the Province is not very important. Camagiiey, the capital city, with a population of 65,000 was original- ly called Santa Maria de Puerto Principe. It is located in a sandy savannah, and the Tinima and Ta- tibonico rivers cross it. It is more or less in the center of the pro- vince. Here, hoewver, it has been only since 1530, when it was mov- ed from Nuevitas Bay, near the place occupied today by Nuevitas, where Camagiiey was founded in 1514, not long after the arrival of the Spanish, conquistadores, by Vas co: Porcayo de Figueroa, who was Lord of the whole region. The first church, the “Parroquial Mayor” was built the same year, was destroyed by a fire on December 15, 1616, and was rebuilt the next year. Other churches of import- ance are La Merced, Santa Ana, Santo Cristo, Nuestra Sefiora de la Caridad, La Candelaria, and oth- ers. The first hospital of some im- portance in Camagiiey was built by Mrs. Ciriaca de Varona in 1730. Today it has several hospitals, well equipped and with the latest conveniences. The first college was built in 17- 50 by the Jesuit Fathers, by royal authorization. They occupied and managed it until 1767, when they were deprived of their properties and expelled by the Spanish Mon- arch from all Spanish possessions, their church and buildings being used then as Palace and Secretar- iat of the Audiencia, which was moved to Camagiiey from the is- land of Santo Domingo. In the year 1817, Camagiiey ob- tained the title of city, which had been requested from the Spanish Crown several times; in 1828, the title of “Always Faithful,” which already was used, was approved, adding to it the one of “very Noble and Loyal.” In 1826, the hanging of Francisco de Agiiero and An- drés ‘Manuel Sanchez took place in Camagiiey, after being convict- ed as spies against the Government of Spain. They are considered as the first Cubans who gave their lives in the struggle for independ- ence. In 1868 Camagiiey joined the independence movement led by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, mak- ing very valuable contributions to the cause of freedom. Of the Cuban cities, Camagiiey is noted for its great attractions to visitors, and great constrasts be- tween the colonial buildings and churchés, many of which still re- main, and her modern public and business buildings, as well as charming residential sections. Spanish Version Page 3 IX LESSON } \ PRONUNCIATION TENER: TEH-NEHR Yo tengo Yo tehn-goh Usted tiene Ooos-tehd t’yeh-neh El, ella tiene El, ella t’yeh-neb Nosotros tenemos Ustedes tienen Ellos tienen Noh-soh-trohs teh-neh-mohs Oos-teh-dens t’yen-nenn Ehl’yohs t’yeh-nehn Yo tengo tres libros. i Ud. tiene cinco libros, Pedro tiene tres libros. Nosotros tenemos Los Srs. F, y R. poco dinero, tienen mucho dinero, Los alumnos tienen pocos libros, Juan tiene muchos lapices. Maria tiene muchas plumas. 4Cuantos libros tengo yo? iTiene Pedro cuatro libros? No, é1 tiene sdlo dos. iCuantos libros tiene usted? iTiene usted tantos libros como Pedro? aTiene Pedro menos libros que usted? 42 Kwah-reh-tah ee dohs, 43, 44, 45, /- a better understanding The strengthening of the inter American system in the economic and social field depends largely on the adequate publicity given to events in the American countries and on the careful consideration of the problems facing our peo- ples, searching for the most ef- fective solutions to ward off the dangers of instability and back- wardness. Such are the reasons be- hind this article, where in a brief synthesis I will try to inform the public of the Unietd States about the vigorous fight of the Bolivian people against inflation. Under Government Decree No. 04469, dated August 4, 1956, enact- ed into Law on October 29th, the National Council for Monetary Sta- bilization was created to “study, coordinate, revise and recommend the necessary economic and finan- cial policy measures, particular in- sofar as budget, tax, investments and expenditures of funds, credit or public service contracts, cur- rency, exchange, price controls and other aspects which could affesct the domestic or foreign credit standing of the mation, or its mone- tary stabilization.” The Council, headed personally by the President of the Republic, Dr. Hernan Siles Zuazo, prepared a Monetary Sta- bilization Plan which subsequently went into effect on December 15th, with the backing of all live fores in the country. A special interna- tional Montary. Fund Mission col- laborated in the deliberations of the Council. This difficult but decisive and necessary step was taken by the Government for the purpose of more vigorously combating one of the worst inflationary trends ever registered in the economic his- tory of America, thereby assuring the total completion of the, pro- gram begun on April 9, 1952. ‘This inflation, a phenomenon which causes a distortion of prices and wages, does not have a recent ori- gin. It is the result of government- al blunders that took place before the people won control of the Gov- ernment. An honest study of the economic history of Bolivia will confirm this statement. The con- stant and progressive increase of money in circulation, and the de- crease in production, with the re- sultant rise in prices and in the cost of living, ete., which in turn determines the rise in production costs and new price increases, as well as mew demands for salary raises by the workers, is a vicious circle that has developed as a re- sult of the system of semi-feudal exploitation which dominated the country, and formed a monopro- ductive economy opposéd to the wide utilization and development tof all the production capabilities of ‘the nation and benefitting the Trinity of Tin and the landowners, Senate President Juan Lechin Oquendo, also a labor leader, stat- ed at a meeting of the expanded Bolivian Labor Central that the determining factors of the infla- tion are: (1) inflationary processes inherited from the Oligarchy (the “Rosca”); (2) structural crisis; and (3) the economic and social Policies of the Government. The enumeration of the three causes explains the relationship of events which precipitated inflation to a most dangerous level. The course of inflation, begun before 1930, could have been stopped with in- telligent and opportune measures which might have foreseen the fu- ture fate of the nation. Unfortun- ately, the recourse used by the Oli- garchy to handle economic and Resignation of the Air Mirfster Causes Crisis in Argentina BUENOS AIRES (UP)— The abrupt resignation of Air Minister Julio C, Krause threatened today to create a crisis in the ranks of Ar- gentina’s military — supported governmert, Krause resigned Sunday. The government promptly announced that his replacement would be Brig. Guillermo Zinny, who was to have been sworn in today, * Shortly after midnight, however, it appeared that the air force was preparing to resist the appointment of Zinny. Informed sources said air leaders will insist that Krause be allowed to name his own successor, Some hours before Krause re- signed, the air force announced’ it was withdrawing its members from. the military junta which decides the policies of Argentina’s revolu- tionary government. financial problems was to issue a larger number of bills, since this way the iarge mining companies could pay the workers with de- valued currency while they them- selves obtained larger profits and exported good dollars abroad. The Chaco War was one of the heavy loads which the Bolivian Govern- ment had to bear. At the end of the war, money in circulation amount- ed to 378 million Pesos, compared to 37 million in 1932. By 1951, the total had reached 6,898 million. The year 1952, with the nationaliza- tion of the mines. a structural eri- sis resulted. The financial capital of the large mining companies and their fabulous earnings were held in banks abroad; the renovation of was paralyzed; mine prospecting, reserve surveys, abandoned; the na- tion’s technical personnel greatly reduced in number, etc. Subsequent ly with the enaction of Agrarian Reform on August 2, 1953, the In- dian was freed from the system of exploitation and feudal servility to which he had been subjected heretofore. As the agricultural masses were absorbed into the na- tional pattern, consumer areas ex- panded considerably making it necessary to increase production levels in order to maintain an equitable social policy. Problems related to the changes taking place in the nation were worsened with the decline in world tin prices. By the end of the Korean War, tin prices were down from 1.27 to 0.80 per pound net, and this de- clining tendency still continues. Finally, as the Government enact- ed advanced social legislation cov- ering labor sectors previously unprotected, increasing appropria- tions for thsis purpose by up to 112 per cent, production and, consequently, income were not at the desired level. There reigned, as I have previously stated, factors alien to the revolutionary process and the efforts of the workers. Mining companies owned the Trea- sury large sums for tax payments which had been skillfully avoided, they owed the workers for social benefits not given during several years. The widows and orphans of the miners massacred at Catavi, Potosi, and many other places did not receive any compensation al- though the mining companies had claimed damages because of ma- tionalization of the mines. Costs kept rising uncontrollaby and ope- rations were at a loss. Inflation reached perilous heights last year, when U. S. Dollars were being quoted in the free market at Boliv- ian Pesos 12,000,00 per Dollar. The official rate of exchange at the time was Bol. Pesos 191.90 to the Dollar, (Continued Tomorrow) Mexican Explosion Linked to Cubans MEXICO CITY (UP)— The newspaper El Universal reported today police are investigating re- ports that the dynamite warehouse that exploded here Wednesday was set up to serve Cuba’s rebels. The double blast that wrecked the unlicensed warehouse*killed at least 16 persons and injured 160. Highway police were ordered to- day to search every truck entering México City to prevent the smug- gling of further illegal explosives into the capital. FI Universal said police have been told the warehouse that ex- ploded was used to store explo- HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief Provisional President Pedro E. Aramburu, an army man, spent more than 12 hours Sunday in con- ference with military leaders in his residence. while Marines bing tommyguns stood guard out- side. CUBAN ARCHBISHOP GOES TO MOUNTAINS TO. CONTACT REBELS HAVANA, April 1 (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY)—Arch- bishop Enrique Pérez Serantes has started his journey to the Sierra Maestra where he will try to con- tact Fidel Castro’s rebels. and try to bring the three Northamerican oungsters, Charles E. Ryan, Jr., ichael L. Garvey and Victor! Buehlman, who are believed to be there, back to their homes at the Guanténamo Naval Base. The Catholic Prelate said, before he left, that he is not only engaged in the case of the three young between the Americas el MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 1957 6 The Monetary Stabilization Plan of Bolivia By MARIO V. GUZMAN GALARZA Alternate Representative of Bolivia before the OAS Council AMBASSADOR ARIAS Mexican Airlines Bid For Non-Stop Routes to U. S. A. MEXICO CITY, (UP)— The Di- reccién de Aeronautica Civil, Mé- xico’s civil air authority, started .public hearing for Mexican avia- tion companies vying for new non- stop routes to the United States. Three Mexican airlines — Mexic- an Aviation Company (CMA); Guest Airlines and Aeronaves de México — are bidding for the rights on major non stop flights from México City to New York, New Orleans and Chicago as well as San Antonio and Miami flights. All these routes, as well as the México City-Los Angeles route now served by CMA, were thrown open March 7 in bilateral air agreement between México and the United States. The agreement pro- vides that one airline from each country shall be allowed to operate each route. The Mexican companies have been filing reports on proposed service with the Direccién de Ae- rondutica Civil, a department of the Communications Ministry, pre- liminary to the open hearings. At completion of the hearings, findings will be sent to President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines before an- nouncement of awards of the lu- crative charters is made, Aeronaves, controlled by ex-Pre- sident Miguel Aleman, and CMA are expected to get the choicest of the new routes. All the lines are expected to be ready to go into operation when the reciprocal agreement goes into effect June 7. 4 Ambassador Member Inter American For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity ! Press Association e NUMBER 220 Arias Warns Presidential Committee About Possible Failure M must present “Bold Ideas and With Imagination,” ex WASHINGTON, April 1. (UP)— The Ambassador of Panamé, Ricar do Arias, has warned the Inter American Committee of President. ial Representatives that its work is doomed to failure unless it pre- sents “bold ideas and with imagina- tion”. to develop the Western He- misphere. He added that instead of really considering the social and econom- ie problems of Latin America, the committee is in danger of being enveloped in administrative de- tails. The Panamanian diplomat ex- pressed these opinions at the clos- ed door sesion of the subcommittee of finance and trade. In local dip- lomatic circles it was said that Arias’ statements- constitute the most open critic made since the committee met here for the first time last Spetember to draft plans aimed at promoting economic de- velopment. The committee was the result of a proposal made by President Ei- senhower during the meeting of Chief Executives of the Americas in Panama last July. Arias, who then was President of Panamé, con- voked that meeting. Four subcommittees are now drafting projects on atomic, eco- nomic, financial and social mat- ters, which will be considered by the committee when it meets on April 29 under the Presidency of Dr. Milton Eisenhower. Reliable sources informed the United Press that Arias statements were directed in part against the refusal of the United States to e Revenue, Latin PANAMA, April 1 (UP)— The ence on Interoceanic Canals closed its meeting here with an agree- ment in certain degree about Pa- namé’s right to revision of her Treaties with the United States, now in force in the Panamé Canal. The most recent Treaty between Pedro Expected Back in Acapulco Jail, Where he is El Presidente” ACAPULCO, México (UP)—At first, Pedro Garibo thought the eight-year-sentenk. he drew for murder was too stiff, he had only killed a woman. Now Pédro is scheduled for re- lease from the Acapulco jail in May and he thinks they should have him the full 30 years the law allows. If someone told Pedro crime doesn’t pay, he would probably on- ly answer by flashing his bank book, Eight years ago he was a fisher- man, earning 20 pesos a day. To- day, he controls most of the con- cessions in the Acapulco jail and nets about 150 pesosos daily. Not only is Pedro coining pe- sos faster than he ever did in his outside life; he has become the sives for use by Cubans who are seeking to overthrow President Fulgencio Batista. men; but also working, im every possible way beneficial for Cuba and in favor of peace and the hap- pines of all homes in the nation. ONE MAN KILLED IN TRUCK ACCIDENT , 'TLALNEPANTLA, México (UP) —One man ‘was killed and three others seriously injured when a truck loaded with steel pipes turn- ed over in a curve near this in- dustrial town some 10 miles-from México City. The four men were riding in the back’ of the truck to unload the cargo on reaching its destination. Driver Teodoro Aragén was Held for questioning. RIVERA’S DAUGHTER ACCUSED OF KILLING MEXICO CITY (UP)— Two wit- nesses testified that the daughter of: painter Diego Rivera deliberate- ly ran down and killed a small boy with her automobile. y Mrs. Ruth Rivera de Alvarado, armed |; most powerful figure in the shaky old adobe jail where six guards are supposed to keep more than 150 prisoners from escaping. ‘ Pedro heads a group of trustees who help the regular guards keep both order and prisoners, He is the “President” of the pri- soners and under him are prison- er “captains” for each cell block and prisoner “Guards”, who pa- trol the jail to see that no one says “excuse me” and punches out a eouple of loose adobe bricks. Naturally , Pedro doesn’t want any of his captive consumer au- dience to take unauthorized leave. “El Presidente” won’t comment on his plans for the outside but Acupulco peace officers are Jaying five to one there won’t be much of that commodity in this resort town until Pedro finds a ticket back to jail. on trial for intentional homicide, | denied the charges.” Taxi drivers Raul Yepes and Ar- mando Contreras testified they saw the woman swerve off the highway, climb a curb and hit 12-year-old Miguel Loreto Avila at high speed. Mrs. Alvarado, only daughter of the noted Mexican mural painter, said the boy’s death was an acci- dent. Tee MEXICAN DISC JOCKEY TALKS 51 HOURS HERMOSILLO, México (UP)— Dise jockey Gilberto Soria pass- ‘tain the President Declares participate in any ceonomie plan of major scope. The United States maintains that the main objective of the eommit- tee is to reinforce the conomic and social functions of the Organiza- tion of American States (OAS), The majority of the Latin American countries are striving for special projects, such as abolition of doyb- le taxation in the Americas, lower shipping rates and a special de- velopment fund, According to the same informers Arias affirmed that to do less than recommend such concrete measures to the 21 American goyernments will be to reduce the Presidential Representatives Committee “to ‘an administrative Conference which could have been held on a lower plane.” They added that Arias told the Finances and Trade Subcommittee that the Presidential Commission gave a “unique opportunity” to at- rapid improvement of America’s living standards, and to let that opportunity pass by would be “unpardonable,” “Unless there is a greater desire in the part of the member govern- ments — he added — to support bold and imaginative projects, mo- thing important will come out. of the deliberations. It was said that many Latin Ame- rican Representatives share Arias, criticism, never before made in so open and fervent manner as Round Table International Confer- | 1! it was done by the Panamanian Ambassador. Panama Should Get More From Canal Jurists Believe bel two eowntries was signed im 9) Although there were not ofifcial decisions, the Latin American Jur- ists attending the Conference had, in general, the opinion that Pana- m& should get bigger compensa- tion from the Canal. Dr. Vicente Saenz, of México maintained that Panama has the right to claim 50 per cent of the Canal revenues, af- ter the capital invested in the con- struction of the Canal has been paid up. Panamé receives annually, from the United States, $1,943,000 per year, for the use of the Canal. The terms of the 1903 Treaty, which virtually grant the United States sovereign rights in the Can- al Zone “at perpetuity,” was also criticized. Several of the jurists at the Conference maintained that the “perpetual” clauses are con- trary to International Law. How- ever, Dr. Francisco Alvarado Gar- ¢efa, of Havana’s University, affir- med that Panamé has no right to denounce the “perpetual” clauses of the ‘Treaty; but-on the other hand, can ask for revision of the existing treaties. IAPA Directors Ask Expulsion of Dominicans SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (UP)— The directors. of the Inter Ameri- can Press Assn. have decided to ask the membership to expel the news- papers El Caribe and La Nacion, of Ciudad Trujillo, it was announe- ed today. The decision was voted unani- mously by the IAPA’s board of directors at the conclusion of a three-day meeting. It will come up for approval at the IAPA conven- tion in October, The directors also voted to: Cable Venezuelan President Mar- eos Pérez Jiménez asking him to suspend press censorship, release imprisoned newspapermen or bring them promptly to trial, and allow te return of newsmen driven into exile. Send a new request to Colomb- jan President Gustavo Rojas Pini- lla asking him to lift press cen- sorship to “remove all other. meas« res restricting freedom of the press.” ‘ Ask the Brazilian Congress to “devote particular attention” to IA ed out,at his microphone after talk-)PA criticism of the pending press ing for 51 hours in a* fund raising marathon to provide Salk anti-polio vaccine for poor children in the Hermosillo area, The Hermosillo Lions Club which sponsored the fund raising program over the “Voice of: the law, which the association believes to be detrimental to the freedom of the. press. Ask Bolivian President Hernén Siles to provide “suffficient guar- antees” to permit the reappearance of the suppressed newspapers La Razén and Los Tiempos, and to Pacific” radio station said Soria |fulfill his promise to compensate netted ‘$16,000 im donations, the publisher of the latter papes, ~Sesstyptio —