Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 14, 1957, Page 12

Inter - American News fer English-* Speaking people For a better understanding between the Amerkas Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity 4th YEAR @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE . W. SMITH 8. SMITH Vice” president Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Fred M. Shaver Eliseo Riera-Gémez Business Manager Advt, & Circ, Mer. Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla., on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAL LATIN AMERICAN POLITICAL PROBLEMS AND U.S. PUBLIC OPINION A nation like the United States of necessity must be well informed, at least in general terms, on the fundamental aspects of political life in the other countries of the world, in particular those of Amer- ica, to which it is more united than with others for reasons of geographical order which determine close bonds of political, cultural and economic character. We say the nation must be well informed, because it does not seem logical to doubt that Gov- ernment agencies, especially the State Department and the Foreign Relations Committees in Congress, . possess knowledge, as much as possible, on the fundamental problems of Latin American politics, whether these problems are analyzed jointly or individually. i It is necessary that U. 8. publie opinion be familiarized with those problems, since the public exercises considerable political influence in this country, because of the democracy in function. It is, therefore, almost indispensable that the people of the United States, or those who lead them in any manner, know the realities of Latin American politics, at least in that which affects, or should affect, relations between the United States and the Latin American countries, relations which should not be limited to a mere diplomatic exchange. These relations, in order to achieve a more vigorous objec- tive, as well as a more constructive one, should search deep in the Inter American realities, both in the United States and in the other above mentioned twenty nations. The democratic system places in the hands of the United States people multiple resources with which to weigh down on the resolutions of the Congress and the Chief Executive. It is for this reason that: special importance is attached to a greater knowledge, in the part of the people of the United States, about the other twenty sisters nations of America, which, together with the United States, constitute the Interamerican System, with the purpose that the Capitol and the White House get national support in furthering any Interamerican policies which favor as well understood continental solidarity, well understood in terms of solidarity of the people, more than of the governments, and, also, to the end that, if the Capitol, the White House, or the State Department, are headed in the wrong direction, public opinion could point out the way for adequate rectification, ee Brazilian Sugar Producers Visit Cuba HAVANA, March 13 (UP)—A large group of Brazil’s sugar pro- ducers, which is making a pleasure tour visiting several countries, made a courtesy call at the Cub- an Sugar Stabilization Institute (C SSI). The Brazilian producers said they were taking advantage of their stay in Cuba, to learn in de- tail the operation of sugar mills, plantations amd other organisms. The heads of the CSSI offered a toast of honor to the visitors and the occasion. offered an opportuni- ty to exchange ample opinions on varied aspects of the sugar indus- try of both countries, the general situation of the markets, the future perspectives and possibilities and, in general, everything that could be of interest to those who inter- vene in the great international in- dustry. Before the discussions, Dr. Gas- tén Godoy, President of the CSSI welcomed the distinguished visit- ors and, in the name of the Cuban sugar producers, placed at their will all the information about sugar activities they would apply for. Godoy words. were answered by the President of the Brazilian De- legation, Dr. Herminio. Hermeto, who, when thanking Godoy for the gentleness received, expressed his satisfaction for being in Cuba. The Brazilian producers were in- vited to visit Central Hershey and another sugar mill in Havana Pro- vince, KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ CHILE — Located between the Andes and the South Pacific, Chile extends from Pert 2,900 miles along the west coast of South America. On any map, it looks like a ribbon bordering the west- ern edge of Argentina. At no point is Chile wider than 250 miles, and in some places it is less than 50. Yet, it is one of the most progres- sive countries In he Western Hemisphere. It has an area of 286,396 square miles, with a popu- lation of little more than six mil- lion. The official language is Span- ish, and the form of government a Republic, Some of the highest mountains in the world, next to the Himala- yas, rise from the eastern barrier formed- by the Andes. Two of Chile’s largest lakes are in Pata- gonia. Lake Buenos Aires is locat- ed in the Chilean-Argentine bor- der; the western half, belonging to Chile, is surrounded by snow-cap- ped peaks and empties into the Pacific through the Baker River. Chile is a country of South Ameri- ca where sports have flourished more than any other form of en- tertainment. You can ski, fish, climb mountains, play golf, tennis, polo, ete. Near Santiago are the Laguni- Has and Farallones ski centers, which have “refugios” or ski lod- ges. Portillo is the ski center of the country, and special trains and buses run to it from Santiago. The Hotel Portillo is an eight-story building that has a movie theatre, night club central heating and a hospital. Some of the top ski in- structors in the world are avail- able there during the July-Oct- ober winter season. The principal exports of Chile are copper, nitrate, iron, beans, wool, rye and lentils, The principal imports are sugar and other food stuffs, machinery, tools, textiles, yearn, petroleum and petroleum products. The Chilean wine is known and well liked all over the world. The housing projects for workers are the best in Latin America, Valparafso, the main port of Chi- le, is also one of the busiest of all Latin America, and a great majori- ty of the Chilean imports pass through it. It is a modern city and a great commercial center. Valpa- raiso is the only city in Latin America, or perhaps in the world, where most of the principal public buildings and apartment houses are built om land reclaimed from the sea. Next to the port of Valparaiso is Vifia del Mar, the famed beach re- sort that reminds visitors of spots in the Riviera, like Monte Carlo, Juan les Pins and Nice. The lux- urious Hotel Miramar, is open all year and has swimming pool and private beach. The Casino is world famous and is run by the munici- pality. Thousands of persons can be found at the gambling tables. In Vifia del Mar there: ate excellent restaurants, famed for their sea food, among them La Virreina. There are races every Saturday at the Sporting Club during the sum- mer, and good golf at the Granadi- lla Country Club. The Chilean lake country is something really worth visiting, for its magnificent scenery and fine sports. Osorno is the travel center of the lake region, and Pu- cén, one of the most famous fishing centers, is located on Lake Villari- ca, Puyehué, situated in the lake of the same name, is a hot springs resort with Iuxurious hotels and baths. ‘Spanish Version Page 3 2De qué color son los libros de los Ay B? iDe qué color son nuestros lapices? zDénde estan nuestros lapices? éSon blancos los calcetines de P? Qué es esto? SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS V LESSON PART Hi PRONUNCIATION sefiores Estan dentro de Los libros de los sefiores A y B son amules. Nuestros lépices son amarillos. nuestros bolsillos, Si sefior, sus calcetines son blancos. Esa es su camisa, MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA, THURSDAY, MARCH 14, 1957 Washington Panorama The Ecuadorean By PATRICIO In Ecuador, the cultivation of banana trees was originally begun for the purpose of providing pro- tection against the sun to newly planted cacao bean and coffee crops, Later, in 1925, a United Fruit, Company commission came to the country to study the pos- sibilities of growing bananas for export, to take the market place of crops from areas affected by the “Panama disease.” In 1933, United Fruit Company established. the Banana Company of Ecuador, to grow bananas for export. During the years prior to World War II, exports of bananas from Ecuador amounted to a total of two million stalks. After the war,’) when banana producing countries could not, because of various nat- ural, political ‘or sociological fact- ors, meet world market demands, and prices and marketing oppor- tunities seemed excellent, our Gov- ernment had the foresight to in- crease our production of this fruit through liberal credits to growers. The results were almost immediate- ly felt, as, in 1950, our exports totalled 6.6 million stalks; in 1951, 9.6 million; by 1952 we were lead- ing all other exporting nations of the world with 16.5 million stalks; and, in 1955, we exported around 24 million stalks. The United States and Canada are our largest customers, with approximately 17 million stalks, or 71 per cent of our total exports. It shoulé be noted that although our exports to the United States are continuously on the increase, the relative participation of this market has been reduced from 80 per cent im 1953 to only 71 per cent in 1955. It is important that we determine what has caused this decrease. It is a fact that Ecuadorean ba- nana exports to Europe were trip- led between 1953 and 1955, but that is not sufficient reason for Ecuador not to maintain the same percentage of exports to the Unit- ed States..The market potential for this fruit in the United States is great, and it is advisable that an intensive promotion campaign be started to increase consumption and sales in this country, not only by Ecuador, but by all the Ameri- can banana-exporting republics. This campaign could be carried out jointly with financial contributions by all in accordance with the pro- duction and export capacity of each nation. In this respect, it is worthwhile to make a brief analysis of just what banana exports mean to the economy of Ecuador. There is no doubt that this is, currently, the number one activity of the coun- try, insofar as the number of per- sons, employetd contribution to the national income, and earning of foreign exchange are concerned. Therein lies the necessity to know of its problems, and to put into effect a policy more in accordance Banana Industry F. AVELLAN COMMERCIAL COUNSELOR OF THE EMBASSY OF ECUADOR fact that Ecuador is the leading producer and exporter of bananas. Its 1955 exports amounted, alone, to 7.4 per cent of the national in- come, and if we take into account other aspects of the banana indus- try, it is likely that the contribu- tion was 10 per cent, This shows to what extent the prosperity or decline of the bama- na industry can affect the income of a large segment of the Ecuador- ean population. Based on the estimates contain- ed in the Report of the Special Ba- nana Committee of the Inter Ame- rican Economic and Social Council, which shows that 350 workers are employed. per 1000 hectares of cultivated land, we can conclude GUILLERMO TRABANINO No Armed Conflict Between Honduras that in Ecuador, where there’ are 115,000 hectares under cultivation, there are about 40,000 persons em- ployed in the industry, including those in transportation and ship- ping, who obtain their income ex- clusively from bananas. In view of the foregoing, and considering that Ecuador is the on- iy banana producing country with- out a.monopoly to control its pro- duction, which production is ex- clusively by the man in the street, by the laborer, with limited finan- cial resources, it becomes neces- sary to adopt a policy that will pro- tect him against all the risks to which production is susceptible, not only against competiton from other banana exporting countries with production costs lower than ours because of more modern agri- cultural methods or easier accessi- bility to consumer markets, but al- so against the large monopolistic companies in the business. Further, it is of vital importance to consid- er the diseases and plagues which #ffect production and which could become a bitter reality: for the and Nicaragua OCAS SECRETARY TRABANINO SAYS SAN SALVADOR, March 18 — (UP)— The: Secretary General of the Organization of Central-Ame- rican States (OCAS) announced that the Honduran and Nicaraguan governments have assured him that they do not intend to engage in an armed conflict on account of the establishment of the Gracias a Dios Department in Honduras. Guillermo Trabanino, Secretary General of the OCAS, issued the following communiqué: “On my return here, after inter- viewing high authorities of the sis- ters Republics of Nicaragua and Honduras, I must report, for the peace of mind of the Central- American peoples, that both gov- ernments, aware of their historical responsibility, in this hour in which peace must reign, categorically have told me that they do not have small grower, who is in the major- ity in our country. For that pur- pose, it is advisable that interna- tional credit organizations chan- nel their loans to this segment of the Ecuadorean economy, for the benefit of the’ world community. (English version of article pub- lished in the Washington page of DIARIO LAS AMERICAS, Sunday March 3rd.) U. S. Imports From Latin America Increase WASHINGTON (UP)— United States import trade from the Latin American area gained in 1956 over 1955, and constituted nearly, one- third of this country’s worldwide imports. Commerce Department statistics show that imports from the entire Latin America area, including Eu- ropean colonies, in 1956 reached $3,943,342,000 in a world total of $12,589,696,000. \ In 1955, imports from the same area were $3,604,709,000 in a world total of $11,374,967,000. Highlights of the 1956 trade. re- turns were the following: with its importance and with. the ARGENTINE TO STUDY This Este, masculine singular, Ehs-teh This Esta, (Fem_ Sing.) Ehs‘tah These Estos, (Mas. Plural), Ehs-tohs These Estas, (Fem. Plural). Estas This pencil is yellow This pen is yellow. ~ These books are blue. These rulers are blue, That hat is Peter’s, That shirt is yours. Those shoes are black. Those purse sare brown Este lapiz es amarillo. Esta pluma es amarilla. Estos libros son azules, Estas reglas son agules, Ese sombrero es de Pedro Eh-seh Esa camisa es suya (De usted) Eh-sah Esos zapatos son negros Eh-sohs Esas carteras son pardas Eh-sahs That,, (in English corresponds to “ese, esa, aquel, aquella” in Spanish. Ese o esa refers to any person or thing with or very close to the person spoken to, while aquel’ or aquella tefers to any person or thing in a third place, away from both, the person speaking and the one spoken to. WORLD SURPLUS SALES ROME (UP)— Engineer Vicente C. Brunini, President of Argen- tina’s National Grains Board, ar- tived here by plane for, a 19- nation conference on agricultural surpluses. i Brunini, a leading agricultural expert, will represent the Argen- tine Government at the five-day conference opening at the mod- ernistic world headquarters of the U. N. Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO), facing the ruins of the Palace of the Caesars. The Argentine Embassy said the Government instructed Brunini to “collaborate fully towards a golu- tion of the present problems in the world grain situation, and stu- dy its possible development for useful future action.” INCREASED PRODUCTION OF MEXICAN STEEL MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Iron and Steel Chamber of Commerce called on Mexican industrialists to increase their investments im this field in order to reduce imports of HEMISPHERIC EVENT: 1, Brazil ranked first as a source $ iron and steel products. General Manager Leopoldo Bae- za Aceves said México imported $24,000,000 worth of iron and steel goods in 1956. “We could stop or considerably reduce this outflow of valuable re- serves by investing in plants pro- ducing these items,” Baeza Aceves said. He spoke before a group of in- dustrialists and businessmen, who were also told that México’s in- dustrialization program will lag be- hind as long as the iron and steel industry remains underdeveloped. LATIN AMERICAN CAPITALS CITIES GROWING FAST BUENOS AIRES (UP)—: Three Latin American capitals now have more than one million, a United Press survey shows. Three largest are Buenos Aires, México City and Sao Paulo, in that order. They are followed by Rio de Janeiro, Santiago,’ Lima, Havana, Bogoté and Caracas, the survey in- dicated. amy intention of engaging in an armed: aggression which would harm not only Honduras and Ni- caragua, but the whole of Central- America, which peoples need peace in the increasing progress of its structuration. “As Secretary of the OCAS I have offered complete coopera- tion of our Central América re- gional Organism in order that they may settle within it, these differ- ences, which I am sure will be done satisfactorily, as suited to two sis- ter nations in this new era of great comprehension and fraternal close- ness of our history.” anti of United States imports from Lat: in America, closely challenged by Venezuela. Cuba ranked third, Co- lombia fourth and México fifth. 2. European territories such as the Netherlands Antilles, Surinam, Jamaica and Trinidad have a stead- ily rising importance in United States imports outlook. 8. The Caribbean geographical region apparently is experiencing an acceleration of economic pro- gress and commerce due to steady improvements in communications and the flow of United States in- vestment capital. cities and their immediate sur- | rounding areas appears responsible for most of the. population growth. In Buenos Aires and México City the old cities and their widespread suburban districts have become vir- tually a solid community of metro- politan area with fast interurban communications, although some of the suburbs may still be separate political units. The following figures, from eith- er official or reliable sources, show the presented estimated popula- tions of the nine cities: Buenos Aires (greater), 5,744,- 091) México City (greater), 4,460,- 413; Sao Paulo, 3,069,626; Rio! de Janeiro, 2,895,777; Lima. (greater) 1,282,472; Havana, 1,200,000; Bo- gota (greater), 1,124,664; Caracas (greater), 1,102,230. RUIZ CORTINES TO INAUGURATE PIPELINE MEXICO CITY (UP)— “Petro- Jeos Mexicanos” officials said Pre- sident Adolfo Ruiz Cortines may maugurate the Tampico-Monterrey Spectacular industrial develop- ment centering around ‘** ~ajor oil pipeline next Monday. The line, which will establish Cuban Presidential Pala NUMBER 205 ce Attacked by Armed Civilians GUARDS: TAKEN BY SURPRISE Student Leader José A. Echevarria Identified Among Dead Attackers HAVANA, March 18 (UP) — A group of unidentified civilians attacked the Presidential Palace at 3:25 this afternoon, and forty minutes later the shooting continued, with at least five of the attackers dead until then. The civilians, of which a United Press reporter on the spot counted 15, had sub-machine guns, rifles, pistols, and hand grenades. They arrived in front of the Palace in a large truck and a bus. The truck with a large poster in one side, stopped in front of the Palace as if it would have had some mechanical trouble, and then ten young men alighted from it, ran to the windows of the Palace and entered the vestibule. The attackers took the guards by surprise and it is supposed that some of its members died within the Palace. After about 20 minutes of exchange~of shots, at least ten young men ran out of the Presidential Palace. The Guard fired against them when they were crossing Zayas Park, in '|front of the Palace, and at least three fell to the ground: . Five others sought protection behind the truck, which was still on the spot, and threw hand granades. Soon the fightin spread around the Palace. Police- men climbed to the roof of the Sevilla-Biltmore Hotel, in the center of the fighting area. The United Press correspondent saw five of the attackerg fall dead. José Antonio Echevarria, President of the University Students Federation has been identified among the dead. Army tanks arrived at the Palace at 4:10 p.m. HEAVY EXPLOSIONS Five minutes later heavy ex- plosions were heard, which could be from bombs or mortar fire. The main body of the attacking force, it seems, had been tran- sported in the truck, a red vehicle which had o nthe side a poster saying “Fast Delivery Service, S.A.” The VU. P. reporter, who from behind a concrete column saw the combat almost from its beginning, saw five of the attackers fall dead under a hail of bullets. Two of the attackers were killed while firing against the Palace from the shelter of the truck, Three others also firing from be- hind the truck tried to escape and two of them succeeded. Police reinforcements took time in arriving; but once they came the struggle generalized. The attackers threw many hand grenades, but without precision, A Committee Should Investigate Galindez, Murphy Disappearances Rep. Porter Declares, Saying Trujillo Should Not Fear Uncovering of Facts NEW YORK, March 13 (UP)— Representative Charles O. Porter suggested the creation of a com- mittee of two U. S. citizens, two Dominicans and a neutral person to investigate the misterious disap- pearances of Jestis de Galindez and U. S. pilot Chester Murphy. The suggestion was made during a cere- mony commemorating the anniver- sary of the disappearance of Dr. de Galindez, Columbia University professor and representative of the Basque Government in Exile. Mur- phy disappeared under misterious circumstances in the Dominican Republic on December 3, 1956. Before the representatives of some 50 organizations and a large audience, Porter said his proposal could be realized only with the approval of the State Department and the Dominican Republic. “If Trujillo has nothing to fear from the facts — Porter pointed out — he will accept this opportu- nity to clear his name, stained now by serious suspicion.” Latin American News in Brief Monterrey as a new distributing center for Northern México, is scheduled to be inaugurated on the anniversary of the March 18, 19- 38, expropriation of the petroleum industry. MEXICAN WORKERS TO SUPPORT GOVERNMENT MEXICO CITY (UP)— Officials of the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM) said México’s larg- est labor organization will support the presidential candidate of the Government Party in the 1958 elec- tions, In a statement to the press, the CTM said the working class is now concerned only with “increasing production, improving standards of living amd assuring the continued welfare of México.” The statement said the Mexican working class feels it is too early to be. thinking of next year’s .elec- tions,’ but that its support will go to whatever candidate the “Parti- do Revolutionario Institutional” chooses and who, in the opinion of the CTM, “will best serve the interests of the people.” Presiding at the ceremony, with Porter, were Alberto Uriarte, re- presenting the Basque Center of the United States; Odén Betanzos Palacios, of the Ibero-American Writers and Poets Circle; Nicoldg Silfa, of the Dominican Revolution- ary Party; Roger N. Baldwin, In- ternational League for the Rights of Man; Dr, German Arciniegas,° Columbia Juan Diaz, representing Dominic- an exiles; Luis Alberto Monge, Sec- retary General, Inter American Workers Organization; General José Asensio, Interior Minister of the Spanish Government in Exile, Norman Thomas, Post War World Council, and Frances R. Grant, In- ter American Association for Dé- mocracy and Freedom. Dr. German Arciniegas, Colum: bia University professor, speaking just before Representative Porter did, said. “My Deaf Jestis de Galindez: You will be surprised to see now so many friendly faces, It will seem to you like a miracle, and it is, to verify that your speech of tonight is being heard in Paris and-in Buenos Aires, in México and in Chile, in New York and in Santo Domingo, thousands upon thou- sands of persons who give a formid- able applause to your courage. “A miracle, yes, dear companion in the University, because we are in a world and in a time in which to say the truth that many do not dare to tell, is a life or death ad- ventuure, 4 . “But a great miracle, dear eol- league, because you risked your life and destiny returns, multiplied, all your words, transfigured your faith in the body of the society of free men. In the body that can- not be kidnapped. “Tonight Jess de Galindez is with us. We have not seen him for one year, but his presence is so certain, that we are hearing him better than ever. Today his friends are many more than a year ago, Crossing the cold curtain of death, his message reaches us with more warmth, his coavictions result more encouraging and respectable. “A year ago, de Galindez was just one of us, who in meetings like this joined in eae Ne hl so big, our groups, so diminute. Be Sing the circuit of his life is the world. He.has passed, from being the unknown soldier of New York, to be the universal symbol of men who tell the truth, of the humble before the pride of despots, at the risk of their "ives? University professor; - | i