Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 22, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News Member Inter American Press Association for Ena For Liberty, Culture and Speaking people : Hemispheric Solidarity For a better understanding between the Americas dh YEAR MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1957 N MBER 188 @. A SAN ROMAN . W. SMITH 8. SMITH President Fice President Vice President EB HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President, Bditor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Fred M. Shaver Eliseo Riera-Gomez Managing Editor Business Manager Advt, & Cire. Mer. | enn RR SE TS SRA ASE SSS Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miam! Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. FRANCISCO AGUIRRI Vice President and Publisher EDITORIAL WASHINGTON BIRTHDAY THE AMERICAS DAILY has today the pleasant duty of paying a tribute of admiration and respect. to the memory of the illustrious George Washington, first President of the United States of America, outstanding figure in the world’s struggle for freedom, great soldier, and a man gifted with a great heart. In anniversaries as this one of today, in which the birth of an illustrious citizen is commemorated, the people should stop for a minute in their daily tasks, to think deeply and with serenity, with a patriotic sense, in the greatness of the men who built their fatherlands, who gave their intelligence and their spirits to noble causes, such as achieving freedom for a Nation. In the life of George Washington, from his childhood to his death, there is abundance of material for deep thinking, as there are numerous examples which should be followed, When the Fatherland issued a call to George Washington, to put in his hands a great part of its destinies; when under his authority the army of liberation was placed, this remarkable patriarch, this courageous general, discharged well his task in the struggle, and to that cause he dedicated all his will of good citizen, all his capability of man, all his being. For that reason, a grateful country remem- bers him always with profound respect, and consid- ers him “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” The War of Independence which George Wash- ington directed had a great ideological meaning, which has been projected, during the republican life, in the history of the United States. This was a war that has not been betrayed, because the ideals which inspired it have been respected at all times by those who govern and those governed as well. The emancipation movement which was en- couraged by outstanding figures of the United States had, as its goal, the foundation of a Great Republic, not only for its territorial extension, but for the high quality of its political morality. And that Republic, since its. birth, has not failed to exist and function in accordance with the norms of dem- ocracy and for the benefit of the people. Naturally, this is the Republic dreamed of by the leaders of the independence, and for which George Washington raised his sword to lead the liberating army on the road to victory. The best homage which can be offered to George Washington, is the renovation of respect for the ideals for which he so vehemently struggled, for those ideals which made possible the creation of a vigorous Fatherland, lover of liberty, within the frontiers of which the citizens, natives and natural- ized, enjoy all the privileges inherent to human dignity. KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ COSTA RICA — Although small in size, Costa Rica is divided into three more or less distinct zones: the grassy and’ forested coastal plains. in the hot zone, below 3,- 200 feet; the rich and fertile Cen- tral Plateau in the temperate zone, from 3,200 to 6,500 feet above sea level, and the least extensive of the three regions, the cool zone, com- prising lands above 6,500 feet. The cool zone is mostly mountainous territory too difficult to cultivate, and is, therefore, devoted chiefly to pasture land. Three-fourths of the country’s population live in the “Meseta Cen- tral” or Central Plateau, where the temperature averages 75 degrees Fahrenheit, with little -variation even in the summer. Here is also the charming capital ofthe country, San José, guarded by two majestic sentinels of the Central Cordillera, the volcanoes Pods, 8,900 feet high, and Irazu, 11,332. Approaching the high Central Plateau by plane, train, or over the highway, the traveler has a wonderful view of the picturesque crazy quilt of small farms irrigated by numerous rivers and streams, some turbulent, some placid, which, along with the exceptionally rich soil, makes this a very fertile sec- tion. In fact, the soil is so rich, that it is not unusual to see the railroad ties and telegraph poles taking root and sprouting green tendrils. Although Spanish is the official Ianguage of the 850,000 inhabitants of Costa Rica, many people also speak English, particularly in the urban areas of the Central Plateau and the coastal cities. Ninety per cent of the people are of Spanish ancestry, with little mixture of Indian or Negro blood. The In- dians live in the less accessible regions and nearly the entire Ne- gro population is concentrated on the Caribbean coast. The Negro la- borers were brought from Jamaica to work on the banana planta- tions, but when these were wiped out by disease, the Negroes did not journey to the Pacific side of the country, where the banana in- dustry moved, preferring to stay and work on the cacao estates bor- dering the Caribbean. Religious holidays and historic- al commemorations are celebrat- ed with gay and colorful fiestas, as in the other Latin American coun- tries. It is during these fiestas par- ticularly that the visitor can see the brightly painted oxcarts which are almost an emblem of Costa Rica and which indicate the gaiety and color of this alluring country. The decorations on each cart are individual creations and while the SECOND LESSON — PART 2 2Es bueno el lib Si sefior, el libro Is the book good? Yes, sir, the book is good. zEs bueno el lapiz? SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS ro? es bueno. No, sefior, el lapiz no es bueno, es malo, No, sefior, la pluma no es buena, es mala. iEs buena la pluma? éEs ancho el papel? Si, sefior, el papel es ancho. tEs ancha Ja ventana? Si, sefior, la ventana es ancha, iEs ancha o estrecha la puerta? La puerta es estrecha, iEs tEs iEs iEs grande o pequefio el libro? grande o pequefia la caja? corto el lapiz? corta la pluma? iEs barato el: diamante? dEs caro el carbon? COLORS: COLORES: White Blanco, blanca Black Negro, negra Brown Pardo, parda Red Rojo, roja Yellow Amarillo, amarilia Blue Azul Green Verde Gray Gris Pink Rosado, rosada The pencil is white Bi Lapiz es blanco La pluma es blanca, El libro es negro, El papel es rojo. El escritorio es pardo. El cuaderno es amarillo, El papel es rosado, El lapiz es azul, verde o gris. La pluma es azul, verde o gris. La caja es roja. El libro es pequefio. La caja es pequefia, No, sefior, el lapiz no es corto, es largo. No, sefior, la pluma no es corta, es larga. No, el diamante no es barato, es caro. No, sefior, el carbén no es caro, es barato. Peh-kehn-yoh. Peh-kehn-yah. KOH-LOH-REHS: Blahn-koh, kah Neh-groh, grah Pahr-doh, dah Roh-hoh, hah Ah-mah-reel’yok, ‘yah Ahrsool Vehr-deh Greese Roh-sah-doh, dah Ehl lah-pees ess... La caja es negra, La mesa es parda. La silla es amarilla. La pared es rosada. NOTE: Any adjective ending in © is masculine, Any adjective ending in A is femenine. Ab-ma-reel’'yoh, Yyah An adjective ending in any other letter but © or A is neuter. U. S. Govt. Denies Report That De La Guardia Plans Seizure of Panama Canal WASHINGTON, Feb. 21 (UP)— United States officials said today they have no knowledge of any in- tention by the Panamanin Govern- ment to change the present status of the Panam& Canal. They emphatically denied that they are concerned over a report today that Panamanian President Ernesto de la Guardia is preparing to seize the canal, A syndicated columnist said to- day that “taking his cue from Egyptian Dictator Nasser, Pana- ma’s dynamic President Ernesto de la Guardia is making moves to- ward taking over the Panama Ca- nal.” The report said that United States officials are aware of that and are again studying the possi- bility of digging a new waterway through Nicaragua. United States officials denied both contentions. ‘ An authorized official told the United Press, “there is mo move by either the Goverment or the Panamanian people to nationalize or internationalize the canal.” The official said that the Pananr anian Government and the Panam- anian people have given clear in- dication that they are satisfied with the present status of the Ca- nal. He recalled that in the 1955 Treaty the United States increased its annual payments for the rights to the canal from $430,000 to $1,- 900,000. There are also plans, he said, to widen the waterway and modernize its installations. This was decided at the last meeting of the Panama Canal Com- pany a few weeks ago. Company Chairman and Assistant Secretary of the Army George Roderick has publicly stated that surveys are now underway for work necessary to meet added requirements of shipping of heavier tonnage. The official challenged the col- umnist’s contention that it would not cost much more to build a can- al in Nicaragua than it would to ex- pand the installations of the pre- sent waterway. He said that actual- ly a new canal would cost many times the amount of any proposed expansion. The columnists report took offi- cials here by surprise because they had considered that relations with Panama are following a very sat- isfactory course. One official, qualified to com- ment on this point, said that Pre- sident de la Guardia has gained the reputation of a very reasonable and practical statesman and that it was doubted here that he would undertake such an extreme step as to abrogate the present treaty. earts are beautiful, they are also utilitarian, for they still serve to carry heavy loads in certain parts of the country where mechanized equipment cannot be used. Costa Ricans feel it is essential for the wheels of the carts to “sing,” so the cartmakers carefully select season- ed wood and cut it into sixteen triangular wedges, which are then fitted into: an iron tire, The wheel in then adjusted on the axle of the cart in such a way as to bring forth a resonant, rattling sound which delights the ear of the own- er. Nowhere else in the world there is this unique type of ox- cart. Spanish Version Page 3 Angry Citizens |End of Armed Resistance to Batista Government “Seems to be in Sight Close Centers of Vice in a Mexican Town BANDERILLA, México, Feb. 21 (UP)— An angry “Citizen’s Com- mittee” of several hundreds men and women, armed with sticks, stones and “machetes,” yesterday closed the majority of the Motels, Inns and other vice spots in this Veracruz State town. Traffic on the National High- way, which cut across the center of Banderilla, was interrupted for several hours by the presence on the street of the paraders who were shouting and closing these public establishments, and terrifying their owners. The populace nailed. posters on the doors of the establishments which said: “This center of vice is closed and cannot be opened under any authorization, without previous permission from the people.” One of the manifestants said: “We got tired of hearing our town called Jalapa’s brothel.” Jalapa is the neighboring capital of the State. Dr. Balseiro to Lecture Tonight on G. Mistral Dr, José‘A. Balseiro, President of the International Institute of Inter American Literature, and Professor in the University of Miami, as well as significant cultural figure in the Americas, will give a lecture tonight, Fri- day, in Spanish, about the work of Gabriela Mistral, in the Audi- torium of THE AMERICAS DAILY. Among the lovers of literature there is a great. interest in hearing this talk about the late Chilean poetess by Dr. Balseiro, who enjoys well deserved pres- tige. It will be at 8:00 p. m. OAS Ambassadors Will Celebrate Pan American Week on West Coast WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) — The 21-ambassador Council of the Organization of American States (OAS), which represents all the republics of the Western Hemi- sphere, will commemorate the 67th observance of Pan American Week, April 8 to 14, in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Official invitations to the per- manent assembly of ambassadors, which directs the vast network of cooperative ventures of the Ame- rican nations, to visit California were extended by Gov. Goodwin J. Knight and Mayors George Christopher of San Francisco and Norris Poulson, of Los Angeles. Objects of the week-trip to Cali- fornia by the diplomatic represent- atives of the American republics is to join the residents of the West Coast in their celebration of the hemispheric birthday which began in Washington in 1890 at the First International Conference of Ame- rican States. Besides the program planned by state and city ofifcials, the ambassadors will establish ex- tensive person-to-person contacts in the communities visited to em- phasize the bonds of friendship that unite the 340,000,000 people of the member countries of the OAS. Accompanying the ambassadors on their flight from Washington, the central headquarters of the OAS, will be Dr. José A. Mora, OAS Secretary-General; Dr. Wil- liam Manger, OAS Assistant Sec- retary-General; and Alejandro Or- fila, Public Relations Director of the Pan American Union, the Gen- eral Secretariat of the OAS. Wives of the. ambassadors and OAS offi- cials will also make the trip. The OAS was founded in 1948 in Bogoté, Colombia, to maintain peace and promote the human wel- fare of the Western Hemisphere. However, the tradition of Inter American cooperation for the com- mon good which the OAS inherit- ed dates back to the 1826 Congress of Panam&, which the American presidents honored at their now- historic meeting last year in the Central American country, and the accomplishments of the Pan Ame- rican Union, which was an out- growth of the 1890 Washington conference. Basing itself on the foundation of 130 years of inter American goodwill, the OAS — and its sub- sidiary organs which include 21- nation Councils dealing with eco- nomic and social problems, and in- ternational law; the Inter-Ameri- can Peace Committee; the Inter American Defense Board; Institu- tes of Geography and History and the Protection of Childhood; spe- cialized conferences. on ports, roads, education, sea resources, ete.; and training and research cen- ters throughout the hemisphere dealing with housing, agriculture, natural resources, animal disease, teaching and natural resources — has successfully outlawed war, erected a structure of inter Ame- riean agreements to regulate the international life of its member countries, and achieved important successes in the long-term task of improving the economic and social well-being of the average. Ameri- can, Plans for the Pan American Week trip of the OAS Council to California call for the ambassadors to spend three days in San Fran- eiseo and the remaining three in Los Angeles. In both West Coast Gities, the diplomats individually will address as many civic groups as possible. A {REPORT MILITARY CHIEFS ORDERED TO END CAMPAIGN BY FEBRUARY 28 Rebellion Costly to Government Both in Casualties and Military Budget Expenses By FRANCIS L. MCCARTHY HAVANA, Feb. 21 (UP)— The end of revolutionary armed resist- ance to the government of Gen. Fulgencio Batista in Oriente Pro- vince “seems to be in sight,” in the opinion of well informed sour- ces in this capital. A special army force, of 900 men “apparently is having great suc- cess” in its effort to eliminate the last rebel stronghold onthe slopes of the Sierra Maestra mountains, according to the same sources, They added that, according to pri- vate reports, the rebels are disor- ganized and are dividing into small groups, for the last attempt to escape the ring closing on them. They say that no more than 25 or 30 “obstinate” rebels are being pushed implacably against the open zone of the coast from their hideout in the mountain, They are under constant pressure from land and air forces of the govern- ment, sent to pursue them. The original total of the revolu- tionary group was estimated in about 300 men. As a clue to the apparent success of the Govern- ment in its cleaning campaign dur- ing the last few weeks, the arrival in the Mexican Mujeres Island of small groups of disidents is point- éd out. But the rebel campaign has been costly to the Government, both financially and in casualties. Private reports indicate that a group of 15 physicians acting in Oriente Province has been con- stantly working during the last month. In the January clashes alone, Government forces suffered more than 20 casualties between dead and wounded, according to reliable sources which said rebel casualties have been just as high. Financilly the Government has been forced to increase the military budget to maintain constant rota- tion of troops at the front and insure constant pressure on the re- voluntionaries, who move fast from place to place. Besides, at least on theee oc- casions the Government has had to establish an “air bridge” to transport troops from Havana to the interior to reinforce private guards of the cane fields and avoid their destruction. Finally, when the campaign ends, the Government will have to contribute to recon struction of houses and fields of farmers momentarily “displaced” for military reasons. There is increased evidence that the Government has given military chiefs until Feb. 28 to put an end to the Oriente campaign, so that constitutional guarantees my. be restored on March 1, when the 48 days for which they were suspend- ed are up. Suspension of guaran- tees with the resulting press cen- sorship really have been of little help to the Government in supres- sing terrorism and calm public opi- nion fears. As an example, in the Havana metropolitan zone alone there have been at least 20 bomb explosions in the last five weeks, or since guarantees were suspended. Fears among the public have been en- couraged instead of calmed by a veritable plague of unconfirmed rumors and alarmist reports of all kinds, Perhaps press censorship has been the greatest source of worry for the Government since constitu- tional guarantees were suspended. President Batista himself is an ardent supporter of the press, and has the Number One card in the Cuban Newspaper Guild. He has made no secret of the fact that he will engage in journalism when he retires from the Presidency, as he has announced he will do after the 1958 general elections. Constant official and unofficial protests against censorship, both local and from abroad, have caused, no doutb, certain concern to the Chief Executive. Regarding terrorism, the Gov- ernment has succeeded somewhat in curtailing damages, if not the number of incidents. And now the government counts on the offer without precedent, made a short time ago, of a $5,000 reward for information leading to capture and conviction of saboteurs, as a means to control terrorist. inct- dents, at Ieast in the capital. BATISTA ERRED IN CALCULATIONS ABOUT REVOLUTION, “TIME” SAYS NEW YORK, Feb. 21 (UP)—The President of Cuba, General Ful- gencio Batista erred in his calcula- tions about his fight against the Oriente Province ‘rebels, says “Time” magazine in an informa- tion published in this week edi- tion, about the revolt situation in the Island. The dispatch state, after review- ing the clashes between govern- ment forces and Fidel Castro’s re- bels, that after the initial fight at Sierra Maestra, “Batista erred in HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT TO VISIT CARIBBEAN WASHINGTON — The Very Re- verend Edward B. Bunn, S. J., the president of Georgetown Univer- sity, leaves Washington Thursday, February 21, for an eight-day trip td Havana, San Juan, P. R., Miami, Jacksonville and Atlanta for talks with Georgetown alumni groups in those cities, Dinners in Father Bunn’s honor* have been arranged in each of the localities. Accompanying the educator will be Eugene P. McCahill, of Min- neapolis, the national president of the Georgetown University Alum- ni Association. Both Father Bunn and Mr, McCahill will address each gathering. EMBASSY CELEBRATES MEXICAN ARMY DAY WASHINGTON (UP)— Gener- al Cristébal Guzmén Cardenas, Me- xican Military Attaché, and his wife, ‘offered a reception at the Mexican Embassy, to celebrate the Mexican Army Day. About three hundred persons at- tended the act. Among them were: Secretary of Defense, Charles E. Wilson; Chief of Mixed Staff, Ad- miral Arthur W. Radford; and nu- ous level and carried away at least one bridge. The inhabitants of the region merous diplomats, members of |abandoned their homes and fled. Congress and personalities of this eapital. GREAT FOREST FIRE IN VALDIVIA PROVINCE SANTIAGO, Chile (UP)— A forest fire is raging-in the south- ern region of Valdivia Province. Thirty persons have disappeared and several families are marroned. According to police reports, the flames are destroying great exten- sions of lumber fields and the dense smoke has interrupted aerial traffic south of Curice, a place ly- ing about 200 kilometers south of this. capital. The conflagration started when a thicket, dried up by the long drough, caught fire, CHILEAN VOLCANO ACTIVE SANTIAGO, Chile (UP)— The Llaima voleano became active and started to erupt torrents of lava, which raised the level of water of the Truful-Truful river to a danger- The police’ went to the help of a family which was left isolated. Three kilometers of the road Cun- ce-Helipeuce were destroyed by the lava. The eruption was accompanied by a series of tremors which were felt in the towr of Angel. Up to the moment there is no news of casualties, WORKERS HOUSING INSPECTION HINDERED ~ WASHINGTON (UP)— It has been reported that a campaign is being conducted to stop the gov- ernment inspection of lodgings giv- en to the workers who come from México to work in agriculture in the United States. The National Agricultural Work- ers Union affirmed that groups, which work for the great agricul- tural enterprises, are conducting a campaign in the whole country to force the Federal Department of Agriculture to abandon its program of housing inspection. The National Agricultural Work- ers Union, is am affiliate of the merged AFL and CIO. H. L. Mitchel, President of the Union, said that, by virtue of com- plaints submitted by the U. S. workers movement, the Depart- ment of Labor put in force the sy- stem of inspections, on January ist. ARGENTINA SELLS PIPE TO TURKEY BUENOS AIRES (UP)— An Ar- ‘gentine company was disclosed to have been the succesful bidder to supply 14,000 tons of steel pipe to Turkey, competing against the United States and four other high- ly-industrialized nations, The pipe will be supplied by the Dalminre Safta Company for a 280-mile oil pipeline running from Malatya to Erzincan, Turkey. It will be of 6 5-8 inch diameter. A spokesman for the firm said they got the contract because they were able to guarantee delivery up to six months earlier than com- panies in the United States, Ger- many, Belgium, Italy and Franaa. his calculations.” He pulled back all his troops with the exception of a small nucleus and waited for the rebels to surrender or flee. Instead, new recruits slipped through, into the mountains, al- most daily. In sharp skirmishes, the rebels captured rifles and ma- chine guns. Currently the guerril- las are living well, on pork, chick en and fresh fruits and vegetables, from nearby farms, which Castro buys with personally authograph- ed 10Us payable “when the Revolu- tion wins.” Operating in platoons of 22 men each, they sleep in the open and in a different spot every night. They can strike and then disappear into the tress. MAJOR OFFENSIVE “As the rebel force increased (it now numbers 500 men), — article says — Batista tried bombing, strafing, napalm att and paratroop drops. They had lit- tle effect on Castro’s hit-andrun platoons. A fortnight ago the strongman was forced to give up the waiting game and mount a major offensive. Commandeering civilian planes, he airlifted 1,100 men to Oriente with no-nonsense orders to go in and get Castro’s men. Meanwhile, terrorists in oth- er parts of the country are being dealt with ruthlessly — when they are found. In Havana last week, two unexplained bodies turned up, one of them with an unexploded bomb in his hand.” i “Batista is well aware that the pint-sized revolt is hurting Cuba's two major crops: sugar and tour- ists. And if it keeps up long enough, the unrest might lead other army officers to ominous speculation about just who is the best man to lead the country.” Dalmine will begin deliveries of 2,000 to 3,000 tons of pipe per month and complete the overall contract of 14,000 tons four to six months, the spokesr said. Normal delivery period fi contract of this size is bi and 12 months, he added, ¢ :