Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 9, 1957, Page 10

Hy ooo cra ara et mete Inter - American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIR! RE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr. c. W. SMITH Vice President Ss. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Fditor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAL NEUTRALITY IS IMPOSSIBLE IN CASE OF THE THIRD WORLD WAR When during the war of 1914-1918, Germany violated the neutrality of Belgium in open contempt of the norms consecrated by international law, the status of neutrality of the countries which proclaim it became a theoretical concept, without effect in practice, which later the same Germany confirmed during World War II when she invaded for the) second time Belgium, as , ete., ete. well as Holland, Luxem- bur Now that humanity is threatened by a possible World War III, feared by all and which the demo- cratic countries do not want, neutrality is a very} doubtful condition, because, on the basis of painful experiences, it is assumed that if the terrible con- flict should break out, Russia would not respect, in the least, the neutrality of any country. Lack of respect for all the norms of interna-| tional law has been manifested by Russia every time it is convenient for her own interests. The way in which communist imperialism fights, whether in| armed conflict or in campaigns of political infiltra- tion, leaves no doubt that the regime of the Kremlin} will not respect the neutrality status of any country. |i Of no avail would be, for instance, at the hour of | determination by the Kremlin, always violent, the proclaimed and consecrated neutrality of Switzer- land and Sweeden. Spain, which maintained herself outside of the| two great world wars, could not, in the case of a third — which may never come — adopt a neutral attitude, because with the type of modern war and, above all, taking into consideration the opposing doctrines plus the way in which Russia acts, that neutrality would not be respected. In this struggle provoked by communism, the| peoples and governments of the whole world must} decide to join the side corresponding to them. The anti-communist peoples and governments must firmly face Soviet imperialism. It is necessary to think in the same terms recently expressed by the Japanese Foreign Minister: “Neither communist, nor neutral, with the West.” BRIGHT PROSPECTS FOR IRON MINING IN LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS IN ‘57 WASHINGTON —(UP)— Unit- ed States imports of iron ore from South American countries made impressive gains in 1956, and econ- omic prospects are favorable to further increases during 1957. With official predictions of Unit- ed States steel production at capa- city through the first/half of 1957 and domestic high-grade iron ore reserves diminishing, industrial at- tention has turned to South Amer- ica, Canada and Liberia as potent- ial sources of greater iron supply. Venezuela and Peri have made sensational gains in iron ore pro- duction within the past five years, and have not yet reached planned goals, Brazil and Chile already have large production, and Brazilian iron reserves are reported to be the largest in the world, although still requiring improved transport- ation to seaports because of lo- cation behind coastal mountain ranges, United States imports of iron ore from all countries during Jan- uary-September 1956, according to Commerce Department statistics released today, were 22,292,381 long tons valued at $183,686,242 com- pared to 16,898,241 tons valued at $127,761,078 in same period of 1955. United States imports of iron ore in the first nine months of 1956 compared to the same period in 1955 from Latin American coun- tries included: From Venezuela, 6,939,436 tons valued at $46,663,962 against 5,312,730 tons valued at $34,013,- 159; From Pert, 1,404,844 tons valued at $12,205,103 against 1,129,808 tons valued at $9,796,792; From Brazil, 979,422 tons valued at $12,225,085 against 786,435 tons valued at $8,738,577. México produces considerable iron ore for its own use, and ex- ports relatively small amounts to the Gulf Coast ports of the United States. The growth of Venezuelan iron production and exportation has been an outstanding feature of inter-American commerce since World War II. As recently as 1952, United States imported no iron ore from Pert, But since then cooperation of United States and Peruvian con- cerns in production has led to an increase of imports as follows: 1953, 945,819 short tons; 1954, 2,- 152,164; and 1955, 1,740,593. Tron trade experts told the Unit- ec Press that plans of various South American countries for larg- er and more modern steel indus- tries will not reduce the availabili- ty of iron for export. They. be- lieve that potential. production from the tremendous reserves in Venezuela and Brazil will take care of requirements for domestic use and exports, and that Chile and Perw are still capable of large in- creases in production. Tron-and-steel experts are in- terested in reports that large de- posits of high-grade coal have been found in Colombia, near the Pa- cific. The future availability of such coal might become a factor in plans for steel industries in some other South American countries which are planning larger steel production but lack coal. Good Will Tour of Latin America Planned by Miamians for February Four Miamians will leave Feb-|Chamber’s International Affairs De- Tuary 10 on a three-week good will tour sponsored by the Cham- ber of Commerce of the Americas of nine Latin American countries. The Miami group will be headed by Joseph J. Orr, current presi- dent of the Chamber of Commerce of the Americas which is comprised of most of the chambers of Central and South America and the Carib- bean. Others in the group will be Pierre Pérez, Director, Miami partment; J. N. McArthur, past President of the Chamber of Com- merce of the Americas, and Dr, Ralph Boggs, director, Interration- al Center, University of Miami. Representative Dante Fascell may join the group. The Miamians will go first to Havana where they will be joined by Federico Morales ,the Chamber of Commerce of the America’s First Vice President, and other promi- For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR || By ANTONIO RUIZ PARAGUAY — (Continued) — Until the beginning of the 19th century, Asuncién led a self-con- tained, somewhat isolated life. Events ocurring to the scuth at |the opening of the new era were |to draw the little capital into con- ;tact with neighboring states. On | May 25, 1810, the Viceroy of Bue- | nos Aires was deposed and re- placed by a Provisional Committee of Government, which proposed to |summon a congress of all the peo- ples of the Viceroyalty to deter- mine upon their future actions. The Governor and the Town Council at Asuncién convened in July in a general congress, which decided to await orders from Spain before recognizing the committee jat Buenos Aires. A _ dissenting vote was cast by Dr. Gaspar Rodri- guez de Francia, who distrusted Madrid no less than Buenos Aires. It was Rodriguez de Francia who planned and was one of the leaders of the revolution that on May, | 1811, ended Spanish domination of Paraguay. For the next few years the coun- try was ruled first hy an Adminis- |trative Junta, and then by two consuls, of whom Rodriguez de Francia was one. A general con- gress in 1814 permitted him to be- come dictator for five years, and in 1816, obligingly extended his term for life. Until his death of natural causes in 1840, Rodriguez de Francia, “El Supremo” (The Supreme) held all power. Cold and Spartan in his personal life, jeruel toward his enemies, he pos- sessed a complex nature; no one has ever questioned his fervent, if narrow, patriotism and his scrupu- lous honesty. Alse in his favor it ean be said that by the rigidity with which he enforced the princi- ples he conceived to be for the country’s good, he spared Paraguay bloodshed. As far as Asuncién was con- cerned, his enactments were chief- ly of a negative sort. The city’s aspect in the early nineteen century had not fundamentally changed since its’ beginnings. There was something of a countryfied air about the low spreading houses, with their patios full of pigs and hens and overgrown with grass and orange and magnolia trees. The more prosperous of them possessed tiled roofs, but the humbler homes were still fenced by thorny hedges and covered with thatched roofs, exactly as in the early days. The streets without any paving or side- walks, wandered and twisted arbi- trarily among the haphazard groups of buildings. With a downpour, thoroughfares became the beds of streams that not infrequently flood- ed adjacent courtyards, driving humans and squawking livestock to shelter. Rodriguez de Francia’s alteration of the city was in a literal sense sweeping. First, he cut down the trees. Then, when the abundant streams and springs, unchecked, began undermining the houses, he razed the buildings. He planned wide, parallel strects and demolish- ed such structures as broke the pat- tern. Since nothing was built in place of their homes, and since, besides, they found themselves constantly obstructed by legal re- strictions, a third of the population left the capital. During the last years of the col- onial era Asuncién had begun to develop a promising export trade in yerba mate, tobacco, sugar, ho- ney and cabinet woods. Such was Rodriguez de Francia’s suspicion of foreigners that he closed the Paraguay River to foreign trade, and the vessels were left to rot besides their cargos on the decay- ing piers. Intellectual and social life languished as well. Rodriguez de Francia forbade social gather- ings after dark, prohibited street processions, and closed religious San Carlos, the only institution of secondary learning in the country. Without books, or trained teachers, or government support, elementary schools, both public and private, hobbled along any way they could. (Spanish Version Page 3) nent Cuban businessmen on the tour. The promotion of Miami as a foreign trade center will be one of the reasons for the Miamian’s part- icipation in the tour, but primarily delegates will promote membership in the Chamber of Commerce of the Americas and interest Latin American businessmen to attend the seventhy annual meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of the Americas in Havana in June, 1957. The countries to be visited, in addition to Cuba, are El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Jamaica. houses, including the Colegio de, omer PEREZ JIMENEZ ‘Pérez Jiménez and Rojas Pinilla fo Meet at Border Next February CARACAS, Jan. 8 —(UP)— The Presidents of Colombia and Vene- zuela, Generals Gustavo Rojas Pi- nilla and Marcos Pérez Jiménez, respectively, will hold a conferen- ce, nexta February, at the common ing to announcement made by the Colombian Embassy in this capital. The announcement adds that the Presidents will determine in the meeting the date in which Rojas Pinilla will visit Caracas and Pérez Jiménez Bogota. These visits, it says, had been prepared through “diplomatic channels” and will take place “during this year.” Colombian Ambassador, Mauricio Obregon, told the United Press that “the interview possibly will take place in the zone of the In- ternational Bridge which links Cu- euta (Colombia) with San Cristé- bal (Venezuela)”; but, regarding the exact date, he said: “At this moment, I can only say that it will be in February.” The announcement confirms some news which had) leaked out. Obregon is one of the Ambas- frontier of both countries, accord-|* sadors who enjoy great distinction ROJAS PINILLA in the Foreign Office and the Ve- nezuelan Government in general, and his activities in Caracas coin- cided with a series of reciprocal visits made by high officials from both countries. The text of the communique is as follows: “The Colombian Embassy in Ve- nezuela announces that, as a con- sequence of reciprocal invitations, which have been extended through diplomatic channels, their Excel- lencies, Presidents Generals Pérez Jiménez and Rojas Pinilla have agreed to hold an interview at the Colombian-Venezuelan frontier. “The meeting will take place probably during the month of Feb- ruary and the Presidents will fix, at it, the date in which each will visit the other in their neighbor- ing country, in the course of the present year. “In handing this communique to the Press, the Colombian Embassy is interpreting the great pleasure of the Government and people of Colombia for this new proof of the historical fraternity which unite the two countries.” TALLAHASSEE —(UP)— Gov. LeRoy Collins, taking the oath of office for the second time, said today Florida’s first need is a new state Constitution. He predicted the 1957 Legisla- ture, faced with problems created by a rapidly-growing population and vast new industries, will solve the “few areas of likely contro- versy” in a new state charter written by the Constitution Advi- sory Commission. Collins reviewed past progress and future plans but delayed speci- fic recommendations until the leg- islature convenes in April. Collins said Florida is the fastest- growing major state in the nation with about 500 new residents mov- ing in each day, a five-fold income increase for farmers in the past 15 years and an industrial expan- sion program attracting new plants at the rate of one a day. “We have kept government in its place,” he said, “not unneces- sarily meddling in the lives and businesses of our people, not en- riching a favored few, but acting vigorously and effectively to pro- tect and promote the public inter- est and the soundness of our growth, “We have earnestly sought to make integrity the hallmark of have been no scandals, and I am determined that there shall be HEMISPHERIC EVENTS SUBWAY CAR BID BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— Bids will be asked shortly for the con- struction of 112 subway cars worth 236,880,000 pesos, to expand the rolling stock of the capital’s five subways; and to providé for the new line between Boedo and Plaza de Mayo, it was announced. The new cars will increase the present rolling stock by about fifty per cent, SHIP AGROUND ON BUENOS AIRES PORT BUENOS AIRES — (UP)— The big French liner “Louis Lumiere” went aground in the outer basin on Buenos Aires new port as she was sailing for Hamburg, Maritime officials said the ship was in no danger but was blocking normal access to the, Buenos Aires docks, * A number of tugs were used in Collins Stresses Need of a New State Constitution at Inaugural none.” your state government. There But Collins added that even with record expansion of school, road, building and institutional programs in the last few years “our state plant falls far short and must be greatly expanded to care not only for needs already upon us but also for their enormous increase brought about by our rapidly ex- panding population. “Our legislators, I feel, will re- cognize our need for an up-to-date charter. They will take up this significant task with the benefit of months of careful work by the Constitution Advisory Commission. I feel that fair minds, conscious of their responsibility for the fu- ture of Florida, surely will settle the few areas of likely controver- sy.” Collins listed highways, public schools, . institutions of higher learning, penal facilities, institu- tional care for the mentally hand- icapped, labor-management _har- mony, and community planning as some of the basic needs of his next four years in office. He added that “we desperately need to make more progress in highway safety.” “As we go forward,” he said, “we will have’ growing pains. But growing pains are not nearly as voy Member Inter American For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric ee Press Association eG Se ae Oe eT Nicaraguan Request for Detention of Exiles ts Rejected by El Salvador THE CONSTITUTION FORBIDS IT FOREIGN MINISTER ORTIZ SAYS PONCE ENRIQUEZ PAYS VISIT TO THE GALAPAGOS QUITO, Jan. 8 —(UP)— Ecua- dor’s President, Camilo Ponce Hen- riquez, left for the Galapagos Ar- chipelago, accompanied by high Ecuadorean and North American officials, Ponce left Quito in a plane of the Ecuadorean Air Force, ac- companied by the Minister of For- eign Relations, Carlos Tobar; the Minister of- Public Works, Sixto Duran; the Minister of the Treas- ury, Fausto Cordovez and the U. S. Ambassador, Christian Ranvdal. Aboard the same plane were also some high officers of the Army and Navy. The wife of the President and a group of newspapermen and tech- nicians left Guayaquil for the ar- chipelago where they waited for the President. The purpose of the visit is to study the situation and needs of the Galapagos isles and take’ steps which will permit to take advantage of the great resources of the archi- pelago. Ponce, who will stay three days in the isles, handed over the Pres- idency, before he left, to Vice-Pres- ident Francisco Ilingworth, in compliance of constitutional reg- ulations, because, to reach his des- tination, he has to go out of the maritime limits of Ecuador. SAN SALVADOR, Jan. 8 —(UP) —The Government of El Salvador rejected the Nicaraguan Govern- ment request for provisional ‘de- tention of a group of Nicaraguans residing in this country, which the authorities of their country are seeking to arrest, accussing them of complicity in the assassination of President Anastasio Somoza, The ‘government attitude is based on the fact that “direct regulations of its political constitution forbids 1Ge A communique from the Min. istry of Foreign Relations said that “the Salvadorean Government re- fused. to arrest those Nicaraguan citizens, residing now in this coun- try and against whom the Nicara- guan courts investigating the as- sassination of Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza issued warrants for their arrest.” The Nicaraguan Minister of For- eign Affairs, in a message’ recently addressed to his Salvadorean col- league, Ortiz Mancia, requested the provisional arrest of exiled Nicara- guans Captain Adolfo Alfaro and Lieutenants’ Noel Bermudez Lata- yo, Guillermo Duarte, Julio César Aldama Leclair, Rail Jiménez, Gui- llermo Marenco Lacayo, Rafael Va- lle, José Leén Montes, César Au- gusto Miranda Montes and Virgilio Godoy. The note from the Ministry of Foreign Relations says that Article 153 of the National Constitution ex- presses: “El Salvador grants asy- lum to the alien who wishes to re- side in its territory, except in cases provided for in the laws and Inter- national Laws. Anybody ‘prosecut- ed only for political reasons shall not be included in the cases of exceptions, “Extradition could not be stipu- lated with respect to the nationals - and, in no case, with respect to aliens, for political crimes, al- though, as a consequefice of them, they may result common. crimes.” The Salvadorean Ministry of Foreign Relations also adds in its communication that “it would be ready to explain the reasons on which its determination is based” in regard to this case. On the other hand the Nicaraguan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in its note, offers. “to give formal ‘char- acter to the application for the extradition of the persons mention- ed, within the term fixed to this effect by the international precepts in force between our two eoun- tries.’ At the same time it pleads to be informed of-the date “in which the aecussed<are ‘taker into custody, so-as to know the beginning of the above mentioned fixed term.” Foreign Minister Ortiz Maneia told newspapermen he hopes Ni- caragua will close the issue and added that the Ministry has, in re- serve, the reasons for the denial of the extradition of the exiles, which will be communicated to the Nicaraguan Foreign Office in case the latter asks for them, Samuel Lewis, Prominent Journalist, Reports on IAPA’s Work in Managua SAMUEL LEWIS PANAMA — Samuel Lewis, ‘ex Minister of Foreign Relations, ex Ambassador of Panama in the Unit- ed States and Publisher-owner of the. newspaper “El Pais,” has pub- lished, under his byline, a brief report on the work in Managua of the Subcommittee of Press Free- dom of the Inter American Press Association, of which he was a member, bad as the aches of stagnation.” Latin American N an attempt to refloat the big ship but the work was hampered by strong gusts of wind. It was hop- ed that the ship might be refloated at high tide in the morning. Meanwhile, a number of incom- ing and outgoing ships were delay- ed. SHIFT OF POST IN LATIN AMERICA WASHINGTON —(UP)— Ralph Hilton, former public affairs ad- viser of the Department of State’s Inter-American affairs, left to take up the post of Deputy Chief of Mission in Asuncién, Paraguay. William Wieland, counselor of the U. S. Embassy at Quito, will replace Hilton beginning the first of next month. Richard Phillips, is acting for Wieland as Director Assistant Public Affairs Adviser, | agr Under the title “What was at- ews in Brief In addition to Ecuador, Wieland has served with the State Depart- ment in several Latin American countries, SALVADOR APPOINTS NEW MINISTER SAN SALVADOR, El Salvador— (UP)— President José Maria Le- mus swore in Dr. Rafael Antonio Carballo as Minister of Justice, a post created just recently. Previously, the Administration of Justi¢ée was under the Minister of Foreign Affairs. ARGENTINA TO USE COLON FREE PORT COLON, Panamaé —(UP)— Ar- gentine Ambassador Samuel Allpe- rin and Everardo Duque, Manager of the Colén Free Port, signed an ‘eement under which Argentina will use the free port for the stor- of the office until Wieland arrives here to take up his new post. age and distribution of its prod- ucts throughout Central America \ tained and what was not attained in Managua by IAPA’s ‘Committes; v he says: Because of numerous requests for information regarding the work of the committee of the Interamer- ican Press Association to investiga- te in Nicaragua the conditions in which five journalists arrested there, with the occasion of the death of the ex President of that country, General Anastasio Somo- za, will be tried, I think it is con- venient to give some data on the matter. The committee was composed by the Editor of La Nacién, of San José, Costa Rica; the Editor of Prensa Grafica, of San Salvador, and myself. The committee respectfully re- quested from the Nicaraguan Pres- ident the reasons for the arrest of journalists Diego Manuel Chamo- tro, Hernan Robleto Zelaya, Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, Horacio Ruiz and Tomas Borges, and the Presi- dent informed us his brother, Col. Anastasio Somoza Debayle, could give us more detailed information, and he was invited to the Presiden- tial Palace. After listening to the reasons given for the arrests, the commit- tee pleaded for the release of all the newsmen. The day after our and the Caribbean. PERON BACKED “RICH” MADE TO REIMBURSE BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— The Board of Patrimonial Recovery, created for investigation of the pa- trimony of persons and institutions suspected of enriching themselves under protection of Peronism, re ported that in one year of work it resolved proceedings and ordered incorporation to the State of land- ed and chattel property valued at 1,000,000,000 Pesos, besides 500,- 000,000 Pesos in shares of inter- dicted enterprises. The report adds that sentence has been dictated in more than 16,000 cases and that, through the first interview with the President, the newspaper “Novedades,” own- ed by the Somoza family, reported that Hernan Robleto Zelaya would be released the same day. We had another interview: with: the: Presi- dent, and he prmised that Diego Manuel Chamorro would also be released before Christmas. Regard- ing the other three there was no promise made, but I am inclined to believe that two of them,-Hora- cio Ruiz and Tomas Borges, may be also released. Pedro Joaquin Chamorro is accused by the So- moza brothers of complicity: in the death of their father, without the existence, in my opinion, of direct evidence’ of ‘such complicity. The committee requested from President Somoza that all. the ac- cused be permitted to appeal the sentences of the Military Court, and he promised to. do so in a state- ment issued to the Managua press. This will favor the accused, since the regular courts will have.to fol- low the.penal code, which is not the case with the military court. Lewis continues saying that the President promised to lift the state of siege in mid-January, and later on press censorship, adding that several times they requested to’ be allowed to see the prisoners, but they were told that such. permit could be given only by the mifitary court which never answered requests on the matter, amd re-, sumed as follows: “The Committee which went to Managua with the greatest feeling of comradeship, and without the intention to intervene in internal affairs of that country, obtained the freedom of two journalists, a promise that press censorship will be lifted,’ and that the accused will have the right to appeal to the Supreme Court any sentence of the military court. We worked without rest and everything that was possible in a country where passions are running red hot, was done. “I want \to point out .that the Committee-was treated: with -cour- tesy by the President of the Repub. lic and other high Government. ficials, who were very polite at all times.” —————— ae OIL DRILLING UP MEXICO CITY — (UP) — The Foreign Office, communications have been addressed to the author- ities of thirty countries, asking for security measures to be taken about interdicted property, government-owned petroleum in-’ dustry (PEMEX) drilled a record 410 new wells in 1956, or 80 more than’ last year, it was announced le