Diario las Américas Newspaper, December 28, 1956, Page 10

Inter - American News for English- Speaking people @. AX SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr. c. W. SMITH Vice President 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President, Editor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor eraeese nee eee ES SE Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. a TS EDITORIAL POLITICAL ACTIVITIES AND PROGRESS IN| THE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES In an inconvenient proportion, political activi- ties absorve, speaking in general terms, a great part of the attention in the Latin American coun- ties absorb, speaking in general terms, a great quite a few drawbacks in the development of natio- nal life and progress, The political activity tion of the citizens, but this does not mean that} is an unavoidable obliga- it must completely distract the attention of the whole country, especially when no fundamentally constructive ends are pursued, but just to play politics, an speculation which, unfortunately, many times is in conflict with democratic principles and institutional sobriety. To carry politics, or better “political scheming” to the extremes of passion which cause confusion and destroy, is to incur in a grave error. The Latin American peoples, especially the governing classes, suffer a great harm when they engage in this kind of activity, because they cannot channel the public business over the ways of order and progress, but, on the contrary, they only create abnormal situa- tions which bring the development of political life to dangerous extremes. Because of that aim of making everything develop around politics, not in the high and hono- rable sense, but the one of cheap demagoguery, or the one stimulating the growth of regimes of force, cultural and economic progress of many countries have suffered great drawbacks. The civic idea, or the constructively commercial or industrial one, knock themselves out against the wall of intrigue which flourishes in the field of “political scheming 3 | ’ which is as void of ideological contents as it is insincere and absurd. The condition and mission of the citizen has to be dignified with gallant participation in the political life of the Republic. The individual cannot and neither should be indifferent to the political problems affecting national life. Each time that circumstances so demand, tion to opine and to act the citizen has the obliga- in favor of the cause he likes. But all this is different to political scheming, as a habit, not to say a vice, being the axis of all the activities of a country and that, as a consequence, the national life be subjected, in all its aspects, to the speculation, schemes and idleness that politicians encourage. That type of politics is inconsistent with work, with the development of the economy and also with the serene mental attitude it should inspire the citizen when it is his turn, by right and obliga- tion, to participate in the authentic political acti- vities. Agricultural Outlook in México is Bright, U. S. Agriculture Dept. Says WASHINGTON —(UP)— The United States Agriculture Depart- ment said that the agricultural si- Scientist Going in Tour Through Latin America ets Preparations for Latin American visual observing stations which will track the earth satellite to be launched: in 1957, will begin Jan- uary 1, when Dr. J. Allen Hyneck, associate director of the Smith. sonian Institution, starts a tour of South America and Curacao, Ne-| therlands West Indias. Dr. Hyneck, who is in charge of the Smithsonian satellite track- ing program, will arrange with government officials for establish- ing loeal observatories and organ- ization 6f volunteer observers, cal- led “moon-watch” teams, and amateur astronomers. Leaving Miami by Pan American World Airways Tuesday January 1, for Buenos Aires, Dr. Hynek also will visit two other Argentine ci- ties—Cérdoba and Mendoza, In Chile, he will visit Santiago and Antofagasta, then go to Lima and Arequipa, Pert, and Curacao, be- fore returning to Miami January 21. His itinerary is: Boston, Miami, Panama City, Buenos Aires, Cérdoba, Mendoza, Santiago de Chile, Antofagasta, Li- ma, Arequipa, Lima, Balboa, Cura- cao. tuation in México generally was favorable during 1956 although last year’s hurricanes affected some crops adversely as did droughts this year in northern districts of) the country. “The output of corn and beans is expected to exceed slightly the 1955 production and the wheat crop was the largest on record”, the Department said in one of its reg- ular circulars on _ agriculture abroad. “Coffee production in 1956-57) will also be a record. On the other hand, serious declines took place in the production of sugar, ba- nanas, and tobacco. Steady prog- ress is being made in increasing the output of animal products as well as of vegetable fats and oils. “México was almost self-suffi- cient in its production of grains in 1956. Some quantities of corn, wheat and barley were imported during the year but they repre- sented less than five percent of the country’s consumption of these commodities. Supplies of rice were ample and a small quantity was exported. “The outlook for 1957 is for self- sufficiency with respect to wheat but unless the current corn crop is larger than now anticipated it is likely that imports of from 100,- 000 to 200,000 metric tons will be needed during the late spring or early summer. A further increase in rice production is anticipated in 1956 which may leave a surplus for export during 1957. “The 1956 cotton production is now estimated at 1,800,000 bales, 19 percent under the preceding jthey have over For THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ BRAZIL, (Continued) — The Brazilian Constitution guarantees the free exercise of the various | professions and this right is ex- | tended to foreigners. The forma- | lities for establishing the validity of foreing diplomas vary in ac- cordarice with the establishments which grant equivalent diplomas, but generally it is necessary to comply with the following: proof | of good health, identity, moral aptitude, presentation of the diplo- ma authenticated by the Brazilian Consulate, proof that the diploma is valid throughout the territory of the country in which it was granted, a duly authenticated tranlation of any documents that may be drawn up in a foreign language, presentation of a sum- mary of the school and university career of the candidate, certificates of study of Portuguese language, geography and history of Brazil issued after examination by a Brazi- lian public establishment of secon- dary education. The candidate must also pass a certain number of examinations in some of the sub- jects taught in the course of which he holds the diploma, but he is not obliged to attend classes. Apart from many libraries not open to the public, belonging either to individuals or to private organizations, there are a number of public and semi-public libraries in Brazil, some official and some private. A great effort is now being made, not only to enrich the natio- nal libraries, but also to improve the systems of classification, to fa- cilitate the borrowing of books, to organize lending libraries, to enable printed or manuscript documents to be disseminated by photographic processes, to organize central card- indexing systems, to train libra- rians, ete, Brazilian libraries number almost 4,000, among them about 1,000 specializing in certain fields, and twelve million volumes. Among the most impor- tant are the Municipal Library of Rio de Janeiro, and several libra- ries attached to the various minis- tries, the richest in rare books among them being that of the Ministry of Foreign Relations, and specialized libraries such as those of the National Council of Scientific Research, and the one at the Administration Department of Public Services (DASP), as well as those of the Institute of History and Rui Barbosa House, while Sao Paulo’s Municipal Library is well and comfortably housed in a specially designed modern sky- scraper. Nearly all the states are provided with similar institutions. The National Book Institute was founded in 1937 for the purpose of developing the organization and improving the efficiency of Braz- ilian libraries, and it also edits and issues important publications, At the end of 1950 it had already distributed more than a million volumes to libraries in the country and more than 40,000 to foreign libraries. The “Patrimonio Histérico y Ar- tistico”3 (Historical and Artistic Patrimony) is a government depart- ment attached to the Ministry of Education, which inventories, clas- sifies and preserves all historical monuments and art treasures in Brazil. It publishes a magazine, monographs and guide-books, More | than 3,700 monuments have been classified through the organiza- tion. There are more than a hundred museums in Brazil. The most im- portant are the National Museum of History, in Rio; the Indepen- dence Museum in Sao Paulo; the Imperial Museum, in Petropolis, near Rio; the Museum of the Mis- sions, in Sao Miguel, Rio Grande do Sul; the Gold Museum, Sabaré, Minas Gerais; which traces the history of gold mining, and many others. (Spanish Version Page 3) year’s production. Prices declined sharply during the first two months of the current season but recover- ed significantly during the month of September. Export sales are ahead of last season. The total exportable surplus from the 1956 crop is estimated at.1,350,000 bales, compared with 1,901,000 bales ex- ported during 1955-56. “Extremely adverse. weather brought about a decline of 20 per- cent in the production of sugar in México during 1955-56. The total production during that sea- son is now estimated at 744,000 metric tons compared with 891,000 tons in 1954-55. Consumption, on the other hand, has increased to 880,000 metric tons, 10 per cent higher than in 1955.” a better understanding between the Americas M IAMI SPRINGS, FLA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1956 Interview Granted NEW YORK, Dec. 27 —(UP)— General Fulgencio Batista, Presi-| dent of Cuba accuses the Domini-| can government of “protecting and| using individuals with the worst with a long list of bloody deeds,| to launch an invasion of our soil”) in statements that the magazine) “Visién” will publish in its Jan-| uary 4th edition. | In an interview granted to José Losada, one of the editors of “Vi- sién”, General Batista added: “And I am not referring to the condition of refugees that could be hung on political adversaries} of my government living abroad. My government does not find fault and neither do I consider that, in permitting politically hunted per- sons, or political adversaries of a government —because my govern- ment does not persecute any poli- tician nor any person— to reside and carry on a normal life in a foreign country, the government of that country is committing an act against the friendship of the gov- ernment of the exiles’ country. Right here, in Cuba, political exiles are living, without including in that privilege the right to conspire against the government of their} country. But the case of the Do- minican Republic is different as it} is widely known.” | To the newspaperman question of what could be the purpose of the Dominican government, Presi- dent Batista indicated the economic factor as the possible cause. “The absurdity of this aggres- sive feeling by the Dominican rul- ers —he said— could only be pro- voked by our flourishing economy and the position of our sugar in-| dustry in the world markets”. “Tf the stupid attempts of using unscrupulous individuals to stage HEMISPHERIC EVENTS KUBITSCHEK NAMED . “MAN OF THE YEAR FOR ‘56” IN RIO, RIO DE JANEIRO, Dec. 26 (UP) —A jury of 150 outstanding per- sons appointed by the daily “Ulti- ma Hora”, awarded President of the Republic, Juscelino Kubitschek, the title of “Man of the Year 1956” in Brazil. The President received 53 votes among the 150 polled. Other outstanding Brazilians also appearing among those who earned the consideration of the jury were, Cardinal Dom Helder Camara, Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro, for its campaign for elimination of the little convents of the Federal ca- pital and sportman Adhemar Fe- rrera Da Silva, winner of the triple jump in the recent World Olympics at Melbourne, Australia. COSTLY STRIKES ARE ENDING IN ARGENTINA BUENOS AIRES — (UP) — A long and costly series of strikes marking the negotiation of uew labor contracts for four million Argentine workers appeared to be drawing to a close with the end of a 46-day job printers strike and ‘ to N. Y. Magazine an unpopular revolution, with which they could only perturb— not win, because that would be im- possible— the normal process of our-sugar production, one of the records in the field of crime, and| principal purposes would be to} carry in Cuba arson in the sugar cane fields and terrorists attempts or sabotage against the sugar mills”, Batista declared. He added that “this would cut down our production, damaging our economic level and the living standards of the population, Cuban President said— the dama- ge sustained by Cuba would revert in benefits of the one controlling that business in the neighboring republic. That is the only answer, absurd as it is, that anybody could find to the question.” Batista said in another part of the interview that “Cuba does not have conflicts with México or any other Central American govern- ment.” “In those countries —he affirm- ed—Cuban political exilees are liv- ing and, although they enjoy the hospitality of those countries, the laws of which are violated by some groups, we consider they lack of- ficial backing to carry on the plots they are developing. It could be that, in some cases, suspicion could be felt by a good observer, that they have had cooperation of one or a few citizens of the country where they took refuge; but this circumstances do not allow our gov- ernment to think of ideas about of- ficial responsibilities because, for us, they do not exist”. “When some of these events have occurred —Batista said— observa- |tions have been made in a rutinary form and, always they have been taken care of.” a 39-day metal workers walkout. In both cases, however, full re-| turn to work by the more thar} 150,000 workers affected depends on the reestablishments on their jobs of thousands of dismissed workers, release of some imprison- ed_ strike. leaders and acceptance by the employers of the contract terfns awarded by the official La- bor Arbitration Board. More than three million workers are already covered by new con- tracts replacing those in effect since February 1954. The current round of talks produced wage in- creases, either by agreement or by arbitration, averaging between 35 and 40 percent over the 1954 levels. The contracts run generally be- tween 18 and 24 months, from Feb. 1 this year . NAVAL CONFERENCE OF SOUTH AMERICANS WASHINGTON —(UP)— Col. José Lépez Henriquez, Vice Chair- man of the Inter-American Defen- se Board, said that a naval con- ference proposed by Argentina next month would fall within the broad terms of the Inter-American defense pact. But he said he is unaware of any “Under these conditions —the/ PANAMANIAN ENVOY AT THE OAS WASHINGTON, D. C. — Ex President of Panama Ricardo Arias Espinosa, new Ambassador of his coun- try to the White House and to the Organization of American States, appears in this photo while he was presented to the OAS’ Council during the last session of the directive body of the Inter Amer- ican Organization, Also in the photo are other Latin American ambassadors, and the Secretary Ge- neral of the OAS, Dr. José A. Mora, — (Photo PAU). Batista Accuses Trujillo Govt. of Promoting Rebel Activities Cuban Executive Makes Charges in LLERAS CAMARGO WILL RETURN TO COLOMBIA SOON UNITED NATIONS, Dec. 27 —| (UP)— Alberto Lleras Camargo, | ex Secretary General of the Or-| ganization of American States the most clear and unequivocal intervention by a foreign power in the internal affairs of a nation has been realized, to create a re- volutionary government and depose the legal Hungarian Government.” The General Assembly of the United Nations, by resolution of Nov. 4 last, created a group to | investigate the Hungarian affair, which was composed by Judge 0. |C. Gundersen, of the Norwegian Supreme Court, Indian Ambassador Arthur Lall, and Dr.,Lleras. | In his statement, Lleras said: “On December 15 work was sus- | pended by the group investigating | the Hungarian case. In a conver- sation with the Secretary General on the 14, we reached the con- clusion that with the material sup- plied by the Secretariat, and with- out the possibility of amplifying it | and confronting it with a process |of observation in Hungary and the neighboring countries, which, with the only exception of Austria, have refused to cooperate with the Secretary General for the accom- plishment of his mission, the work of our group had no reason to continue, at least if that situation was not essentially altered. Judge Gunderson returned to Norway and I will return to Colombia soon.” EDUCATOR DIES SANTIAGO, Chile—(UP)—Clau- dio Matte Pérez, noted Chilean educator, died at the age of 95, from - broncho-pneumonia. It. is estimated that more than 20 million Chilean children have learned to read with the help of his Matte Sillybary or spelling book. Latin American News in Brief board asking Argentina to make the proposal to Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Col. Lépez Henriquez told the United Press he read a statement issued by the Argentine Embassy, saying that in issuing the invitation last June Argentina was “limiting itself to following strictly recom- mendations of the Interamerican Defense Board...” Lpez Henriquez said “I am to- tally unaware. of any recent re- commendation that would envision such regional planning.” He pointed out, however, that the Argentine action falls “within the broad terms of the Inter- American Defense Pact.” Argentine Minister Alberto Be- negas ‘Lynch, who issued the state- ment on behalf of Ambassador Adolfo A. Vicchi, explained that it did not refer to any specific Board recommendation but to the general spirit of its charter. FRENCH COMMENT ON ARGENTINE SITUATION PARIS—(UP)—Under the head- line “Growing Tension in Argen- tine,” the influential afternoon newspaper “Le Monde” publishes an editorial saying that the Ar- Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Cuban Govt. HAVANA, Dec. 27 — (UP) — Eight more bodies found in Orien- te’Province today brought to 19 the number of persons killed as the result of what the army termed a “falling out” of President Ful- gencio Batista’s political opponents. The latest casualty report shows that at least 19 persons have been killed in the Province since Christ- mas Day. New acts of sabotage and petty terrorism were registered today throughout the island, while Ba- tista met in Havana with Interior Minister Santiago Rey, who is in charge of the forces maintaining public order, and with the chiefs of the Military Intelligence Serv- ice, the National Police, the Secret Police, and the Bureau of Repres- sion of Communist Activities. Rey told newsmen afterwards that the Government is convinced that communists were “taking ad- vantage of the political situation of recent days and provoking new NUMBER 141 Reds Blames for Terrorism, Sabotage During Christmas Season Oriente’s Deaths Attributed to “Dispute” Between Reds and Other Batista Opponents disorders... pretending to hide their machinations in some cases and effectively cooperating, in others, with the criminal activities of some political divisionist groups.” The Army announced yesterday that nine persons were shot to death and two “executed” by hang- ing in Oriente Province, which has~ been the center of opposition to the Batista Government. An Army sergeant was killed and a soldier wounded in a Ha- vana suburb while they were in pa- trol service. Widespread sabotage and minor acts of terrorism charac- terized the celebration of Christ- mas throughout the island. 7 Military authorities have attri- buted the deaths in Oriente Pro- vince to a “dispute” among “well known, communist leaders” and” other Government opponents re- garding the “plans prepared for the acts of sabotage and terrorism.” MR. GUSTAVO A. SAN ROMAN.IN MIAMI Mr. Gustavo A. San Roman, prominent Latin American | (OAS), declared that “in Hungary | | States. businessman and President of The Americas Publishing Company, editorial house for THE AMERICAS DAILY; is in Miami in a business and vacation trip. He presides other important corporations in Venezuela and the United Mr. San Roman is accompanied by his distinguished wife, Mrs. Olga de San Roman, their charming daughter Mercedes, and Mrs, Maria Chavez de Pliego, his aunt, who has her residence in México City. THE AMERICAS DAILY takes pleasure in welco- || ming the San Roman family, general esteem in the social stay in this city. WASHINGTON —(UP)— Vice President Richard M. Nixon has commended as “an admirable ges- ture” the offer of Puerto Rican Gov. Luis Mufioz Marin to give new homes and a fresh start in life to Hungarian refugees. Nixon commented on the idea in an interview with the United Press shortly after he returned from a three-day inspection of the} Hungarian-Austrian frontier. The Vice President, who visited Puerto Rico last year, said that apart from its humanitarian value, admitting Hungarian refugees in Puerto Rico will be “a considerable contribution” to the island’s econ- omy. “The refugees are fine people who want to work hard and start life over again in freedom,” Nixon said. “I think Puerto Rico is mak- ing an admirable gesture by giving them such an opportunity.” Gov. Mufioz Marin last week sent a letter to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles offering “open doors” to any Hungarian refugees whose skill could be fitted into the is- struggle amidst all kinds of dif- ficulties”. The editorial recalls that the Ar- gentine Government recently li- quidated two_ important political affairs: that of the generals ac- cused of having attempted to force War Minister Osorio Arana’s re- signation, and the case of Rear- Admiral Oliveri. “Generals Ben- goa and Oranga remaining under arrest, although not guilty, this confirms that it was essentially a precautionary measure taken| against them.” Commenting upon the terrorist activities, Le Monde believes that the Peronist as well as the com- munists have understood it is to their interest to be their own law- yers for real claims rather than dreaming an impossible return (of Perén). SOCIALISTS ATTACK BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— Dic- tatorship in seven of the 20 Latin American Republics wete condemn- ed in a resolution adopted by the closing session of the conference of the Latin American Consultive Committee of the Socialist Interna- tional. the members of which enjoy circles of Caracas, México, Miami, Washington and New York, wishing them a pleasant Nixon Praises Gov. Mufioz Marin land’s economy. Nixon, mindful of Puerto Rico's own population problem, viewed the offer as “placing human feel- ings over statistics.” He ‘said that having visited -nu- merous refugee camps in Hungary and talked with hundreds of refu- gees he is certain that Puerto Rico will benefit from their industry. Pedro Gonzalez, head of the of- fice of Puerto Rico in Washington, said that he is awaiting a list from his government outlining the type of work that would fit into the economic development program. ~ This list, he said, will be for- warded to the Catholic welfare authorities in charge of resettling the refugees at Camp Kilmer in New Jersey. The welfare author- ities will then take applications from the refugees, he explained. — Chilean Aribassadoe" Going to Inaugural of Gov. Mufioz Marin UNITED NATIONS, Dec. 27 (UP)—Chilean Ambassador to the United Nations, Rudecindo * Orte- ga, and his wife, will go to San Juan, Puerto Rico, to attend the inaugural ceremony of Luis Mufioz Marin, for a new term as Gover- nor. Ortega announced today that he and ‘his wife have accepted, the invitation made by Mufioz Marin, In the invitation, Governor Mu- fioz Marin says he wishes that, in this opportunity, “the friends of America, who struggle to give validity and efficacy to the de mocratic . principles, would. be present”, and that he would be very pleased the diplomat and his wife would attend “as the repre sentatives of the Chilean brother country and as the friend and defender he has always been of the cause of free determination of the Puerto Rican people.” Ambassador Ortega, with due authorization from the government of Chile, acepted the invitation -and,aecompanied-by his wife will leave for Puerto Rico on the ist of January, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay and Venezue- la represent “unheard-of political barbarism, the expression of the feudal classes in those countries, instruments of imperialism, and, frequently, the protection of the Catholic Church.” The conference went on record as urging the need for a broad movement. in the entire Western The resolution said the present! specific recommendation by the gentine Government “continues to governments of Colombia, Cuba, a , Hemisphere to combat such digs torships,