Diario las Américas Newspaper, December 19, 1956, Page 10

a LLL REE ROLL ‘terests. Inter - American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR S. SMITH Vice President G. A. SAN ROMAN c. W. SMITH President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President, Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Antonio Ruiz Advertising and Circulation Mgr. Managing Editor ee SE Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. er PER SY TS EDITORIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF POLITICAL LEADERS Those who, in any maner, are leaders of political parties or groups, have a great responsibility to their own conscience, to those who have placed their trust in them and, above all, before the Fatherland. Together with the political responsibilities are those of moral character. Leaders’ have the una- voidable obligation to channel their movements through ways leading to success, understanding by success not only material achievements, but whatever reaches the desired goal within the norms of dignity. and patriotism. Political leaders who really want to conquer the respect of their fellow citizens, whether they belong to the same party or not, must know how to face those responsibilities and, on many occasions, they have to be ready to impose the course indicated by logic and morality, even if they have to adopt strict attitudes against those of opposite way of thinking. When the leaders of political movements do not want to assume these attitudes for fear of action in the part of their opponents, or because they agree with those who believe victory must be achieved even at the expense of honor, sooner or later lose their political influence, as well as the appreciation from their fellow citizens. The political leader who wants to keep his pres- tige has to submit to many sacrifices, especially the one of being able to disregard at the opportune moment the voice of those who advise them on policies which, on time, are harmful because they are incompatible with morality, with healthy poli- tical principles, and also incompatible with civiliza- tion and culture. To be worthy of public respect, political leaders must be firm in the defense of ideological principles, in order to inspire the confidence of the people, thus increasing their followers, and so that the people would not believe that they are engaged in maneuv- ers aimed only at satisfying personal or group in- Political leaders aspire, of course, to victory. But this does not mean it is not necessary to define the concept of victory and to qualify the means of obtaining it. A victory conquered by the clean ways of dignity and honesty is the only one that can bring moral satisfaction, the only one which is really constructive. “Paths of Liberty” by Guatemalans from Experiences in the U. S. A. NEW YORK, Dec. 18 —(UP)— School for Males and Carlos Cobar, Under the title of “Paths of Li-| Ministry of Education Supervisor berty”, six young Guatemalan ed-|of Adult Education. The six came ucators wrote a book, which will|to the United States under the constitute a text of civic education, Plan of Technical Assistance back- for their country high schools, and| ed by the International Cooperation for which they have used the ex-| Administration of the State Depart- periences obtained... in hundreds|ment. The visit was applied for of North American schools dur-|by the Guatemalan Ministry of ing the past seven years. | Education,. which is interested in The Guatemalan educators spent| improving and amplifying its prog- three and a half months in the|rams of citizen education. United States studying the meth-| ods and printed material of the so| The work is a document of 46 ealled “Work of Civic Education” | pages outlining the basic rights and and observing how civic instruct-| liberties of the Guatemalan people ion # imparted in the New York/as established in the National Con- zone schools. |stitution and other Public Docu- These Guatemalan educators are:| ments, offered to the Guatemalans Angel Mauricio, Director of Pri-|and told in the form that is prac- mary School; Blanca H. Solares,|ticed in the United States, and all Primary School Teacher; Francis-| adapted to the Guatemalan nation. co Nieves, High School Director;} The educators are now going to Rosalia Galicia, member of Cooper-| Washington to inform about their ative Education Service; Marco T. | studies and to prepare their return Hernandez, Subdirector of Normal'to their Fatherland. Brazil May Have Touched Off an Armament Race in South America BUENOS AIRES, Dec. 18 —yof the carrier with its 35 planes (UP)—Qualified Argentine sources, were prominently displayed on the said today Brazil’s purchase of a front pages of most Buenos Airas British aircraft carrier may touch| dailies yesterday. off a mild armaments race between WASHINGTON AGREES the leading South American a OTHERS WILL BUY tries. * WASHINGTON, Dec. 18 —(UP) Purchase of the aircraft carrier|—The fact that Brazil has pur- Vengeance was announced official-| chased the aircraft carrier “Ven- ly by Brazil last Friday, but Ar-| geance” from Great Britain, prob- gentine Vice President Rear Adm. ably will prompt other Latin Amer- Isaac F. Rojas said earlier the | ican countries, according to experts Argentine Government had decided | here, to initiate negotiations with to purchase the big ship. the United States and other pow- Chile has sought an aircraft car-|ers for the purchase of ships of rier for her small navy for sey-|the same type. eral years. Experts especially refer to Ar- Argentina, Brazil and Chile, once | gentina and, in a lesser degree, to known. as the ABC powers, have | Chile, because they are the great- said in recent years their battle- | est naval powers of the region, be- ships are outmoded and carriers | sides Brazil. have replaced battleships in im-| Reports circulating here state portance in modern navies. |that Argentina has discussed the The 19,000-ton Vengeance will be| matter with the Defense Depart- renamed Minas Gerais by Brazil. | ment but no decission was reached. News of its purchase and pictures! In Defense Department circles For a better understanding MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1956 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ CHILE. — Lack of freedom in trade, heavy taxes, the obstacles to an ample diffusion of learning, the privileges granted the Span- iards in filling high positions in Government, the misery in which the working classes were kept, were the main reasons for the rising of Chilean patriots on September 18, 1810, when they established the First “Junta of Government in Open Council”, They had been en- couraged for some time by the Inde pendence of the United States, the French Revolution, and by the im- prisonment of the King of Spain | by Napoleon. The Government Jun- ta, which had to rule in the name of the King, did not satisfy the desires of the revolutionists, who comvoked the first National Con- gress, but the great differences about the best way to bring about a transformation of Chile resulted in the uprising of Septiembrer 4- 1811, directed by José Miguel Ca- rrera, who drafted in 1812 the first Constitution of Chile. Carrera founded the National Ins- titute, brought the first printing press from the United States and placed it in charge of the priest press from the United States and placed it in charge of the priest Camilo Henriquez, who edited the first newspaper of the country, called “La Aurora de Chile” (The Dawn of Chile). Slavery was abol- ished, and several progressive pro- projects for improvements were la- unched, -The Viceroy of Pert organized an army, which landed in Southern Chile in 1813. Bernardo O’Hig- gins, son of Ambrosio O’Higgins, one of the governors at the time of the colony, and later Viceroy of Pert, who had been educated in Europe, where he had met and be- come a friend of Francisco de Mi- randa, the Venezuelan patriot, put himself at the head of the patriots and engaged in heroic combats with the invading Spaniards. He announced his motto.: “Live with honor or die with glory”, and near Rancagua he passed over the Andes, where with San Martin he began organizing the first Army of Liberation. The reconquest of Chile by the Spaniards meant the return again of the colonial regime, but resist- ance was continued and kept alive by the popular leader Manuel Ro- driguez, whose guerrillas perform ed extraordinary exploits, On July 9, 1816, independence of Argentina was proclaimed, and this revived the faith of the Chi- Jean people. On February, 1817, San Martin and O’Higgins, at the head of an army of Argentines and Chi- leans, crossed the Andes and at Chacabuco, near Santiago, defeated the Spaniards. O’Higgins was pro- claimed Supreme Director, and on Febreryary 13, 1818, signed the memorable document of the Pro- clamation and Oath of Independ- ence. A new army organized by the Viceroy was defeated by San Mar- tin at Maipu. Alghough he had been wounded, ‘OHiggins returned to the field of battle and embraced San Martin, saying: “Glory to the saviour of Chile”, to which. San Martin repplied: “Chile will ne- ver forget the sacrifice you have made in coming wounded to the battlefield”. But for these brave men, free- dom of Argentina and Chile was not enough. The enemy must be beaten in his last redoubt. O’Hi- ggins organized the Liberation Ex- pedition which was to win free- dom for Peri. He purchased ships and at the head of them he placed Lord Cochrane. San Martin went on the expedition. Reverses and triumphs marked the path toward liberty. Bolivar, San Martin, O’- Higgins, Sucre, and many outstand- ing-men of \the struggle for eman- cipation finally succeeded in sec- uring freedom for South America. (Continued tomorrow). Spanish Versién Page 3. MINE INSPECTION SANTIAGO, Chile. (UP). Roy Glover, Chairman of the Anaconda Corporation, arrived to inspect the company’s Chilean affiliates, Andes Copper Mining Co, and Chile Exploration Co. it was said that the United States have a good number of small air- eraft carriers, of the type of the “Vengeance”, in the reserve fleet. They reminded, however, that the law prohibits transfer or sale of any warship to other powers without authorization of Congress. Therefore, although officials may decide to sell any of the carriers, they can do nothing without the consent of Congress, U. 5. LABOR WASHINGTON, Dec. 18 —(UP) —George Meany, President of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Indus- trial Organization (CIO) —allied— recommended that the Government should have Labor Attaches in all its Embassies in Latin American countries. Such attaches should dedicate all their time to their duties. He pointed out that at present there are Labor Attaches with a partial horary of duties in too many countries. The merged Organization pre- sided by Meany is the larger union confederation in the country and represents about 15,000,000 work- ers. Short time ago he returned here from a tour of contact with the labor leaders of Brazil, Argen- tina, Uruguay, Peri and Panama. Argentine Ambas in Courtesy Vis EDINBURGH, Scotland. (UP) — Alberto M. Candioti, Argentine Ambassador to Britain, on the final day of his two-day official visit to Scotland, was the guest of honor at a lunch given by the Lord Provost of Edinburgh Sir John Banks and the Edinburgh Corpora- tion. In a speech following the lunch the Ambasador paid tribute to the many Scotsmen who helped to build up Argentina in its early years as pioneers of agriculture and lives-} tock. He said that during the first years of national independence many Scottish farmers founded establishments which today are a| source of national pride to Argen- tina, 7 In reply, the Lord Provost point- ed out some of the links which HEMISPHERIC EVENTS COLOMBIAN JUDGE IS SUSPENDED BOGOTA, Colombia — (UP) — The Colombian Supreme Court suspended Judge Manuel J. Barén Plata of the Social Guarantees Court so that he might be arrested! on a charge of extortion. The First Superior Court of Cun-| dinamarca state ordered Barén Pla- ta arrested last Tuesday but he had to be suspended from office be- fore the arrest could be made. Baron Plata was indicted on a charge of extorting $6,000 from Jo- sé Santos Califa in exchange for} absolving him from charges of} practicing medicine illegally. In his capacity as Judge of So- cial Guarantees, Barén Plata sen- tenced a number of newspapers and newspapermen opposed to the present government to fines and other penalties on a variety of charges. KAISER OFFICIAL IN LATIN AMERICA OAKLAND, California —(UP)— The assignment was announced of ATTACHES IN LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS Meany made his recommenda- tion in a speech he delivered be- fore 30 functionaries of the State Department, whose principal duties are to work with the Latin Amer- ieans. The purpose of the speech was to report the results of the tour and to make the recommendations that he deemed convenient. Meany suggested that the Gov- ernment should spend more money in a program of interchange of labor leaders, particularly in bring- ing to the United States more Latin American labor leaders. He ex- pressed that in 1956, about 300 per- sons will have visited the United States; but maintained that this figure is not enough. He reported also that his recent tour of South America was so sa- tisfactory that he intends to make another, possibly to Central Amer- ica, in 1957, sador fo London it fo Edinburgh bind the two countries, He said the first history of the New World written in English was by a princi- pal of Edinburgh University and published in 1770. He said there were many similar related ex- amples. He also mentioned that the great general José de San Martin had come to Scotland during his exile and had been in the Scottish town of BANFF. In the morning the Ambassador, accompanied by D. L. Macintyre, Undersecretary to the Minister of Works, visited the court of session in Parliament Hall where he met the Lord President of the Court, Lord Clyde, and the Lord Justice clerk, Lord Thomson, From there the Ambassador visited the famous Scotish War ment and execution of the Central and South American projects of Kaiser Engineers International, in- corporated. Huges is a Vice President of Kaiser Engineers, and his as- signment was announced by L. H. Oppenheim, Vice President and As- sistant General Manager of the firm. eet The announcement pointed out that Hughes has been responsible for the design, engineering and |eonstruction of the recently-com- | pleted 40,000-vehicle-capacity auto- mobile manufacturing plant at Cor- doba, Argentina. Hughes will maintain his offices jhere but will supervise the Kaiser offices in Buenos Aires and Asun- cion, MEXICANS HAVE GARLIC TROUBLE MEXICO ITY. (UP)—Mexican housewives complain that soon they will be forced to go to the United States to taste garlic soup, Most of México’s garlic crop is between the Americas THE GOVERNOR GOES TO SCHOOL.—Perhaps we should say “School goes to the Governor”, because among an estimated one thousand families now learning Spanish by television is that of Florida Gover- nor Leroy Collins, pictured here at their official residence in Tallahassee as they “attend” class. The Governor, who has demonstrated great interest in promoting good relations with the Latin American countries, his wife, and their daughters regularly tune in to classes in conversational Spanish being conducted by Florida State University. — (Photo UP). MEANY RECOMMENDS HAVING Brazil Agrees To U. S. A. Base at Fernando de Noronha Island RIO DE JANEIRO, Dec. 18 — (UP)— Brazil has agreed to let the United States build a guided missile tracking station on Fernan- do de Noronha Island in the South Atlantic, it was reported today. The Brazilian Government was expected to make a formal an- nouncement today, although terms of the agreement still must be ratified by Washington. The rocky island 150 miles off the Northeast coast of Brazil serv- ed as a defense outpost during World War II. Under the new program, it will become the south- ernmost point in the chain of guid- ed missile observation station be- ginning in the north at Patrick Air Foree Base, Fla. and extending thousands of miles through the Ca- ribbean. U.S. negotiations with Brazil be- gan more than a year ago. Al- though Brazilian President Jusceli- no Kubitschek favored the program as a major step in defense of the Western Hemisphere, mutual agree- ment was delayed by strong object- ions by Brazilian nationalist ele- ments and communists. Final Brazilian approval yester- day climaxed a series of emergen- cy weekend sessions of the Brazil National Security Council. Diplomatic sources here said President Eisenhower sent Kubits- chek a personal note last week urging him to speed up action on the matter in order that instal- lations on the island outpost may be completed next year. Memorial, and saw the Crown and Scepter and other Royal regalia of the Kings of Scotland. In the afternnon Candioti visited George Heriot School, the largest public school in Edinburgh where he presented sports and literary trophies for the pupils to compete for. | Latin American News in Brief and good prices are paid there. As a result, local reatil prices have gone up, there is a shortage and housewives refuse to pay the prices charged. One of them said she would not pay the 6 cents charged for “one litle head of garlic’ and that if prices continue to go up “we may have to go to the United States to taste our delicious Mexican garlic soup.” RAIDS ON HONDURAN RAILROAD STORES TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras, (UP) —Two Tela Railroad Company comissariats were raided and robbed by unidentified persons, reports from the banana plantations of Northen Honduras say. The Tela Railroad is owned and operated by the United Fruit Co. Employes of No. 9 Plantation, where one of the raids occurred, fired on the attackers but there was no evidence that any one had peen wounded, the reports said, sold in the United States because J. E, Hughes to direct the develop- demand for the product is high During the previous night, some very Subst Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 134 | /Venezuela may Grant a antial Loan to Colombian Neighbors PRES. PEREZ JIMENEZ STRESSES BONDS BETWEEN THE TWO SISTER REPUBLICS. BOGOTA —(SICO)— The Pres- ident of Venezuela, Gen. Marcos Pérez Jiménez, declared to Colom- bian journalists who recently vi- sited Caracas, when asked about possibilities of commercial exchan- ge between Colombia and Venezue- la, that through the Ministry of Foreign Relations “negotiations are proceeding, under the best auspi- ces, to send a commission of Ve- nezuelan economic experts to Co- lombia to study the possibilities of that commercial exchange, with which the foundations will be laid for more ample conversations to secure intensification of trade re- lations between the two countries.” President Pérez Jiménez, in an- nouncing the Venezuelan mission to Colombia, pointed out that Co- lombia could get many products from Venezuela, especially petro- leum byproducts, and that Vene- zuela could buy from Colombia many manufactured products, such as textiles. When asked about the projected visit of Colombian President Ro- jas Pinilla to Caracas, the Vene- zuelan President said: “I am convinced that personal contact between the presidents of} the two countries would achieve a} full accord on common problems and their adequate solution. Such! a visit, for that reason, would be} completely agreable to the gov- ernment and the people of Vene- zuela. Personally, I believe any direct interchange between Chief Executives is beneficial to- the countries involved. But in the case of Colombia and Venezuela there is something more, since they are two countries that came to life united all through their histo common bonds and faeing problems that’ in general are very similar. The Colombo-Venezuelan confra- ternity must be something more than the plain Bolivarian concept- ion. It must be an acting reality which we will achieve with good will and cooperation of the two peoples and of the two govern ments.” According to the newspapermen who visited Venezuela, all over that country, Venezuelans of all social classes, expressed the opinion that the bonds between the two coun- tries should be strengthened. LOAN TO COLOMBIA In Colombian financial circles it has been said that conversations have been going on already between Colombia and Venezuela, by which the latter would grant substantial loans to Colombia which may amount to more than a hundred million dollars. On the achievements of the Ve- nezuelan Government, President Pérez Jiménez said: “There have been some who have tried to attribute the achievements of this régime to our extraordinary financial situation. It has been af+ firmed that we have achieved that great national progress, because we have a lot of money. But those who affirm that, ignore the. fact that prosperity comes from ade- quate official action and that econ- omic possibility is not all, since it is necessary to know how to use the financial resources in a wise manner. On these projects we do not exclude anyone, because we act according to plans previously stu- died and in the rational order of with the sword of the Liberator, their urgency,” Prominent Latin American Jurists Candidates to U. N. Law Commission - UNITED NATIONS, Dec. 18 — (UP)— Twenty one Latin Amer- ican jurists appear among the fifty experts from forty countries which have been proposed as candidates to integrate the United Nations International Law Commission. This Commission — which has fifteen members, was created by the General Assembly in 1947 with the purpose of improving and codi- fying International Law, progres- sively. The number of members could be increased to twenty one if the Assembly votes in favor of a motion which has already been submitted to it. The fifteen or twenty one mem- bers of the Commission will be elected before the next period of five years is initiated on January first. The election is by a major- ity of votes in the Assembly, but no country can have more than one member in the Commission. According to the list given out by the Secretary.General Dag Ham- marskjold, the Latin American can- didates submitted, in its majority with the backing of their own countries and of others at the same time, are the following: Ricardo J. Alfaro, of Panama; Gilberto Amado, of Brazil; Maria- have assaulted the Sauce (Wil- low) Plantation. and escaped with a large sum of money in dollar currency. These two robberies brought to 68 the total of similar raids against installations of the fruit company since the middle of last year. The latest previous raid was carried out on Nov. 20 against the Merca plantation by a group of 15 masked men. Authorities said they were in- vestigating. . GEN. ROJAS PINILLA RESHUFFLES ARMY BOGOTA, Colombia — (UP) — President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla reshuffled his top military com- manders. He appointed Brig. Gen. Rafael Navas Pardo as Army Commander in Chief, succeeding Maj. Gen. Pe- dro A. Mufioz, who became Min- ister of Communications. ‘ Brig. Gen. Jaime Polania was named Chief of General Staff. He commanded the Colombia Battalion in Korea, the only Latin American 25 armed individuals were said to army contingent in that conflict, no Argiiello Vargas and Modesto Valle Candia, of Nicaragua; Luis Aycinena and José Rolz Bennet, of Guatemala; Gonzalo Escudero and José V. Trujillo, of Ecuador; Fran- cisco V. Garcia Amador, of Cuba; Mariano ‘Ibérico Rodriguez and Al- berto Ulloa Sotomayor, of Perd; Julian Lépez Pineda, of Honduras; © Ernesto A. Nufiez and Miguel 'R. Urquia, of El Salvador; Luis D. Cruz Ocampo, of Chile; Luis Padilla Nervo, of México; Gilberto Pratt de Maria, of Uruguay; Luis Ramf- rez Boettner and Ratl Sapena Pas+ tor, of Paraguay; Isidoro Moreno Ruiz, of Argentina and Carlos Sa- lamanca Figueroa, of Bolivia. : Ecuador Liberals Reappoint Their Supreme Director QUITO — Dr. Eduardo Salazar Gémez, who was mentioned as one of the candidates to the Presidency. of the Republic in the last elect. ions, accepted: again the Supreme Direction of the Liberal Radicaj Party. : In his first political declaration, he asked his followers to “abstain from making opposition to the Gov. ernment for the time being, untit we can be sure that the Chie. Executive will continue the line of tolerance and order which has been followed up to now. MINISTER RETURNS & The Minister of Public Works, Sixto Duran-Ballén returned from a tour of eight days through the coast and southern frontier provin ces, inspecting all the roads under constructicn and verifying the prog- ress of the work being done. _ He declared that one of the main roads is the Quito-Puyo link, and for this reason, after studies were made by a geologist, its con: struction was ordered with some variations in the Bafios zone t¢ avoid that the road follows the banks of the Pastaza river which has been causing; through erosion, serious landslides every year. ~ Buy and Use --Christmas Seals iy