Diario las Américas Newspaper, July 6, 1955, Page 8

Inter-American ‘ News for English- Speaking people 8. SMITH ~*~ Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor and Manager G. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Viee President and Publisher Cartos E. Simons Managing Editor Eliseo Riera-Gémez se men Circulation Manager Advertising Manager EDITORIAL THE NEW INTER-AMERICAN POLICY _ __THE NEW_INTER-AMERICAN POLICY OF THE WHITE HOUSE A few days ago when we commented editorially on a luncheon offered by President Eisenhower to the ambassadors of the twenty Latin American re- publics in order to discuss the coming Big Four conference, we stated that a magnificent precedent had been established in the inter-American policy of the United States. : If the event is analyzed historically and psych- ologically, something of such importance is noted that it marks a new policy on the part of the White House towards inter-American relations. _ More important than what was said or discussed at that luncheon is the attitude revealed by that gesture on the part of the President of the United States. ; Day by day, due to multiple and valid reasons, the world wide importance of the twenty Latin American republics grows, and it would have been yery unwise and dangerous had the U; 5. neglected tite growing importance of Latin America. For that reason and because the U. S. in that way is better politically supported before the world, it is highly advantageous and important to the U.S. to give Latin America its due place in the conduct of international affairs. . In order to consolidate hemispheric support for » the policy of Washington, it is necessary, indispen- sable that the twenty republics be considered, not merely symbolically, but rather because the group of Latin American countries represents a great deal in the moral, political and economic life of the world. President Eisenhower on many occasions has shown his interest in inter-American relations. It can be generally said that his supporters and col- laborators are motivated by the same ideals as the President. When there have been cases of misunderstanding on the part of certain officials in respect to the countries of Latin America, President Eisenhower has made his sense of justice and Panamericanistic feelings prevail. Such was the case fer example with Panama, when the late President Remon was a guest of the White House to discuss with the President of the U. S. the basic problems relative to the negotiations of the Treaty between the two republics. In those talks of the two Chiefs of State, Eisen- Cama the fair and respectful treatment which that nation deseryes. And surely President Eisenhower should be interested now in seeing Congress ratify _ that treaty at the earliest possible date, so that 4 Panama will begin te enjoy immediately the benefits to be derived from that pact. Let us hope that the White House continues along the path indicated by last week’s memorable ‘Tuncheon. If the U.S, desires the maximum support hower stated his unwavering decision to give Pa-. of all the hemisphere it is necessary that at every aimost For a better understanding between the Americas Daily For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity MIAMI, FLA., WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1 MBER 1 Increasing Political Unrest Grips Largest Latin American Countrie BRAZIL AND CHILE UPSET BY ABNORMAL CONDITIONS Ibafiez may be forced to become a strong-man ‘ARGENTINA, | By CHARLES M. McCANN U. P. Staff Correspondent The “A-B-C” countries, the three largest in Latin America, are all pelitically hot and getting hotter. There has just been a brief, un- successful revolt against President Juan D. Peron of Argentina. Whether Peron can keep on top of the situation remains to be seen. There are frequent reports of a possible coup in Brazil some time \during the present campaign for ithe election of a president next October. STRIKE IN CHILE In Chile, third of the Latin Ame- s KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ PANAMA. The Province of Pa- namé, which now includes the for- mer Province of Darien, is the largest of the Republic in both area and population, although most of its inhabitants live in or jnear Panama City. The grater part jof its territory to the east of the ;}Canal Zone consists of vast strech- es of the wildest kind of forest-co- vered mountains and jungles, in parts of which white man has rare- ily set foot. The segment of the province lying west of the Canal |Zone has many attractions for the vacationist from the nearby ca- pital who is interested in swimm- ing, hunting, fishing, and sightsee- ing. Good lodging is to be had at several points along the Nat- ional Highway. Santa Clara Beach, at the western end of the province, is one of the finest for bathing cn the Pacific coast. Nearby is Riv Hato, where the United States bvilt during the war, with the per- mission of the Panamanian Goy- ernment, a military air base. One of the most important towns in this section is La Chorrera, locat- ed in a prosperous agricultural re- gion where fine coffee and oranges are the chief products. The First |places to be visited by the travel- ler approaching the Canal from the \Caribbean Sea are the twin cities jof Cristobal and Col6n, occupying jen island at the northern entrance |to the Canal that has been con- {nected with the mainland and now |gives the impression of being a small peninsula. Colén was found- ed in 1582 to be the Caribbean ter- jminus of .the trans-isthmian rail- road. Critobal came into existence the United States port of entry of supplies and material used in the construction of the Canal, and is part of the Canal Zone. These twe cities merge into one another imperceptibly, and have opportunity it shows confidence, solidarity and co- many common characteristics. operation towards the nations of Latin America.! A present Colon is the second largest city of the republic. It has rican big three, a paralyzing trans- |port strike started Friday. Workers on the railroads, in the postal and telegraph services and in transport branches have joined the walkout. The postal, telegraph and rail- road services are all owned by the state, so this was a strike against the Chilean government. A nationwide 24-hour general strike has been called for this Thursday by the Chilean labor unions. hese strikes are all for higher They are a reflection of a dily worsening economic situa- ion which has resulted in serious inflation, But the economic situa- tion is causing increasing polti- cal unrest. As the result, 77-year- old President Carlos Ibanez del Campo must be a worried man. Some army officers, who strong-man rule, want to set up Thanez as a dictator. Ibanez has resisted that sugges- tion. But as soon as last Friday’s strike started, the government de- | pa cities and industrial centers. Thanez was elected in 1952 for a six year te! Chile has had 21 presidents since 1920. Eleven of them have failed to fill out their full terms, in addition to two who died in office. DICTATORSHIP MAY BE FORCED | Events may force Ibanez to lsort to a dictatorship again. He ruled as dictator once, and made a remarkable comeback 21 years later. This time he seems disin- clined “to try one-man rule if he can help it. Ibanez is a durable person. They used to call him “the iren man” in the old days. Then he was a swarthy, handsome, robust army man, He got into politics in 1924, when he was a member of an y committee which forced the resignation of President Arturo Alessandri. | Ibanez became acting pesstieat | \in 1927, then was elected for a | full term. But he was forced out in 1931 and fled to Argentina. He went back home in 1937, when Alessandri was again in office. | Ibanez made his big comeback when he was elected for his six- ‘year term in 1952. ‘ed a state of emergency in big | re-| Mexican Visa Claimed Denied fo T. Picado Consultation necessary NEW YORK (UP) A person |close to the former President of Costa Rica, Teodoro Picado, in- formed that Picado had left last Wednesday Nicaragua “without obtainir transit visa which he had requested from the Mexican government.” “Two days before leaving New York by p — the informant said — Picado made his request to the Mexican consulate for he wanted to take advantage of the plane’s stop at Merida, Yucatan to |visit a brother of his who lives | there.” | He added that the Mexican con. sulate informed him that he would have to “consult with the Ministry of Foreign Relations.” He explained that Picado, shortly before lea called the Mexican consulate where they informed him that no answer had been received from the Chancery, | | he person who supplied this information, and old friend and | political crony of Picado, said that the former President was surpris- | }ed the visa was not granted. | “A tourist visa is usually grant- ed by Mexico without delay.” | | Picado left for Nicaragua ac- companied by his wife. | The former President spent five weeks in New York under medi- {cal care. Upon leaving for Nicara- gua he said he was feeling much better. EXPLOSIVE PLANT TO | BE BUILT IN PERU LIMA (UP)— A plant for the manufacturing of explosives for in- dustrial use, whose production will serve the local market, will be in- stalled about 20 miles from Lima. A group of national and foreign capitalists support the venture and operations are expected to begin next year. AMNESTY DECREE MARKS FIRST YEAR OF GUATEMALA’S GUATEMALA, (UP) — Some |forty thousand persons congregat- ANTI-RED REVOLT President Castillo Armas calls upon the people | to continue the task of reconstruction Last year we received more than ;10 million dollars and during the ed in the national stadium to ce-|coming year we will receive much | lebrate the first anniversary of|more, in addition to eight million the triumph of the anti-communist | dollars to build the Panamerican Huge Road Building Program to be Developed in Ecuador More than 600 miles to QUITO, Ecuador —(UP)— In the next three years, Ecuador will add more than 600 miles to its pre- sent highway system at a cost of } $35,000,000. The basic plan provides for two new roads to connect the top of the Andes with the Pacific Coast completion of the Pan American Highway that crosses the country frum north to south; construction of a route parallel to the Pan Ame. n_ hig alfway between he mountains and the coast to open up vast territories for cultiva tion and the improvement of three existing roads. Few countries in the world could offer greater difficulties to the execution of such a plan, Ecuador, straddling the equator between Peru and Colombia, is crossed by o ranges of the Andes studded with 22 peaks ranging from 14,000 to more than 20,000 feet in altitude To open up this mountain re on to motor trasnportation and connect it with the Pacific, one of the projected roads will have to cross the Andean ran; at alti- tudes of 12,000 feet and more. Walls of rock will have to be cut and deep c ms bridged. MANY YEARS REQUIRED So great are the hazards NEED FOR Oil Experts confident in expansion of Mexican firm MEXICO CITY. (UP) — The Mexican government’s oil com- pany, one of the nation’s principal dollar-earning export industries, is working to reduce —and eventua lly eliminate — its dollar-earning exports Antonio J. Bermudez, director general of Petroleum Mexicanos, said the goal is based on confid- ence in expansion of the Mexican company. As the nation becomes wealthier, demand for petroleum products will rise and wipe out the exportable surplus. Pemex plans to boost its crude oil production to 500,000 barrels per day by 1958 and refine that crude for domestic consumption. The company is modernizing its refineries at Atzcapotzaleo, on the outskirts of Mexico City, and at Minatitlan, Veracruz, to aid in at- taining the goal of refining all its production. Bermudez said that Pemex it- self will create more jobs and boost exican living standards by in- ing its refining operations Other industries, assured of more abundant suplies of refined pe- troleum products, will, in turn, be of MEXICO EXPECTS TO ELIMINATE Sugar Hearings to Conclude With i Testimony of Agriculture Officials Their views on a compromise agreement necessary connected with the capital by the WASHINTGON (UP)— House agriculture sugar hearings will re- sume at 10 A.M. Wednesday with agriculture department officials in the witness well, chairman Harold D.. Cooley said. The North Carolina Democrat told the U. P. that he wants to get their views as to the possibility of Teaching a compromise of domes- tie quota increase demands and Cu- ban protests through the medium of United States government pur- chases of sugar. The administration already has endorsed the idea of postponing domestic quota increases until next year and, meanwhile, buying up 100,000 tons of overquota domes- tic sugar to take the edge off over- production at home. Cooley has suggested incorporat- + ing into some such formula a pro- vision that the government buy up some 75,000 tons of Cuban sugar bili to compensate for such ic quota boosts as are per- mitted to take place at that time. Cooley had made preliminary ar- Tangements to have the secretary of agriculture, Ezra T. Benson, himself appear on the matter. But after a personal telephone conver- se jsation with Benson late yesterday. |He reported that the department | witnesses would be undersecretary True D. Morse and federal sugar director Lawrence Myers. Indicating another line of ques- tioning to be faced by department witnesses, Cooley said he wants “expert opinion as to just to what extend the United States ought to |subsidize the growing of sugar in the country”. “They talk about dividing future increases of the market on a basis of 55 per cent to domestic quotas and 45 per cent to foreign quotas,” he. said. “I think the time has come to decide just what per centage of our sugar we ought to raise at home. Should it be 50 per cent, “5 per cent or some other percen- | tage?” In the answer to that question, Cocley indicated, he hopes to find a clue as to how the committee can solve the current quota battle so that it will not keep recurring. Cooley said he hopes to conclude the sugar hearings on. Thursday, with testimony from congressmen interested in the legislation, fine public buildings, several chur- ches and modern hotels, numerous restaurants and shops, three hos- pitals, and as many theatres. Good reads connect the city with the United States Arm airport at /France Field, and the nearby na- val base at Coco Solo. Colon is jnew Trans-Isthmian Highway, as well as the Panama Railrod. The | trip may also be made by airplane jin twenty-five minutes, - The Province of Colon is astrip of territory on the Caribbean shoreline, lying both east and west of the.Canal Zone. Aside from the \capital, Colon, the most interest- ing town in this area is romantic Portobelo, about twenty miles to the east, and reached by small coast-wise craft. ;ged hills, which inspired the name |Columbus gave the place when he \first arrived there. During the co- |lonial period Portobelo was, be- cause its importance as a trade center, one of the most strongly \fortified cities of the Spanish pos- ‘sessions in America. It never had |a large permanent population, ow- ling to its hot, unhealthful climate, but its annual fairs drew thousands \of persons regularly whose stay in fown lasted for several weeks at a time. It was attacked on six joceasions by pirate fleets, and to- day one may see the ruins of fortifications that speak so elo- quently Spain’s former in the Western World. (Continued |to-morrow) . Spanish Vession Page. 3. It ‘overlooks a|t |beautiful harbor sheltered by rug-| |revolution which overthrew the /government of Jacobo Arbenz. During the ceremony, President |}Carlos Castillo Armas decorated no with the First Order of the iberation “in recognition of his |participation in the fight against communism”. The President called upon the people of Guatemala to ‘“conti- jnue the task of reconstruction”. In talking about the government’s | achievements he said that land had been divided up among 10.400 ismall rural peasants. During the ceremony 1.400 land |titles were given to different per- sons. In referring to the United States, President Armas stated: “We have received from the peo- \ple and the government of the \U.S., loyal and unselfish coopera- | tion, whyeh we are grateful for. | Government offer rejected by strikers SANTOS. (UP) — The striking- | stevedores refused an offer made |by the government to return to | work and as a result this very im- port Brazilian port continues pa- ralyzed, the government's offer of 25 per cent increase immediately and a might| five per cent increase after the Ortiz Passarelli and Dr. Carlos Ci-| sesame 450,000; rice 150,000; company administering the port ifates. ~ ‘ Highway. In addition, we are ar-| able to grow and provide addition- rehbishop Marino Rosell Are!a-| jranging for an 18 million dollar jloan to complete the road on the} Atlantic side”. ating the first anniversary of the anticommunist revolt the Consti- tuent Assembly met to receive |from a special commission a draft |of the new constitution, which the | |deputies consider “better and more practical than that which was invalidated”. Wehn interviewed by reporters | | President Castillo Armas announ- \eed that he would “gladly” accept | President. Eisenhower's invitation |to visit the United States. | He said, however, that as yet |he had received no official invita-| al employment. Get Crop Insurance MEXICO CITY (UP)— Mexican farmers, for the first time, are protected by crop insurance this year. The new Integral Farm insur- ‘ance program covers risks on 12, 500.000 acres of agricultural land in 1955. The crop coverage is a joint ven- ture of the government and private insurance companies. The 12} tion and that he did not know |treasury will supervise the opera- jWhen he would be able to make ‘tion of the plan and back the com- | the trip. |penies financially if indemnifica- He made these declarations dur-|tion exceeds their resources. ling a press conference with more! Two central farm _ insurance than 100 foreign and Guatemalan (agencies already have been open- newspapermen present, among ed in Matamoros and Guadalajara. them twelve U.S. reporters invit-|A third will be established soon ed specially by the government.|in Mexicali, Baja California. During the interview, the Pres-| Rates were reported within the ident gave the reporters a copy |reach of the average Mexican farm- of his limited amnesty decree af-|er, Insurance repayment in case of ‘fecting political exiles and prison-|Jcss will be for the entire crop ers. The amnesty does not in-| investment. elude those responsible for crimes| Risks covered are drought, hail, ‘and serious offenses during the floods, frost, windstorms. and in- communist regime. sect plagues. He also confirmed the appoint-| The underwriters plan to cover The strikers refused to accept | ment of Domingo Goicolea in the the following crops this year: corn, ‘post of Foreign Relations Minister |7,500,000 acres; cotton, 1,875,000; | |and the appointments of Miguel) wheat, 1,035,000; beans, 850,000; /ea- 09: |fuentes Diaz to the posts of Gov-jnuts, 100,000; potatoes, be built in three years road construction in Ecuador that numerous small native and foreign aunies have been forced to k their contracts with the gov- ernment and leave the job to sev- e:al Big firms that can throw in more and bigger machinery and thousands of workers. A 105-mile long road just com: pleted betw Cuenca and Pa took almost 20 years to build. V of rock 75 feet high had to be dy nited. A total of 59 streams all rivers — roaring tor- s in the rainy season — had to be bridged. &: But this road gives southern Ecuador direct motor access to the sea for the first time in history. Ss Another road expected to be completed this year will provide the shortest connection between Quito, the capital, (at 9,350 feet altitude) and the Pacifie port of Esmeraldes Although ordered to be built by Simon Bolivar, South America’s berator, over a century ago was not started until 1927, due to extraordinary technical difficulties. The Ecuadorian company in charge of the work now expects the last 20 miles of this 192-mile long route to reach the coast by the end of December. EXPORTATION s COORDINATION | Pemex plans are being coordi- nated with those of other indus- tries and are based on expectations of a steady improvement in the nation’s agriculture, industry and business, The government company looks on each new automobile, truck or internal combustion engine sold in Mexico as another customer. In all but a few border areas, Pemex supplies all motor fuel and lubri- cants used in Mexico. Petroleum Mexicano’s slogan long has been “produce what the country needs”. In actual practice, however, as Pemex needed dollars for expansion purposes to keep crud production greater than do- mestic demand — much of the oil industry’s output was destined for export, Now, with the nation’s economic | prospects improving, Pemex feels | it can almost double production and depend to an ever-increasing | extent on the domestic market. | In effect, it means that even- tually Mexico can practically with- draw from world oil markets and profit. TRADE WITH U.S. | In another ceremony commemor-| Farmers in Mexico Most of Mexico’s sales abroad of crude and fuel oil are made to the United States. Some smaller amounts of Mexican petroleum also are sold in western Europe and in Latin America. | Exports amount to about 2,000,-| 000 barrels a month, approximate- ly a third of total production. Ex. port sales are made at market prices, between $2 and $ 2.50 (U.S.) per barrel, depending on grade and product. Pemex is now producing at the rate of more than 100,000,000 ba-| rels a year. Domestic consumption | last year amounted to 60,625,000 | barrels, with the market value of |refined products estimated at about $12 (U.S.). The differ- ence between the value of a barrel | of crude oil in the export market and the barrel of refined product, ‘in Mexico, is counted on to keep Pemex’ operations profitable. | Bermudez believes the net re-| | sult of Pemex’ plan will be an in- crease in trade with the United States. Mexico is now the third ranking U.S. customer. “If we can continue to develop our nation in the future as we have jin the past —raising the standard | of living of the rank and file, hik- ; ing the buying power of the pu- blie — there is no reason why } Mexico cannot be permanently the , the second PANAMANIAN MINISTER IN MIAMI Dr. & Mrs. Fabrega greeted at airport He will present decoration here Dr Octavio Fabrega, Foreign Minister of Panama, and his wife Mrs. Cecilia de la Guardia de Fa- brega arrived yesterday in Miami and were met at the air- port by representatives of the city of Miami and Miami Beach, Minister Fabrega has come to present the order of Vasco Nu- fez de Balboa decoration which has been conferred by the gov- ernment of Panama on the Pub- lisher and Editor of THE AMER- ICAS DAILY, F: isco Aguirre and Horacio Aguirre, respecti- vely. f Dr. Fabrega, who is an out- Standing figure in cultural Pa- namanian circles, and a well known jurisconsult, has just headed the Panamanian delega- tion to the San Francisco con- ference where the tenth anniver- sary of the United Nations was celebrated. Before assuming the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, for time, Dr, Fabrega participated in the negotiations of the treaty that was signed in January of this year between the U. S. and Panama, which reg- ulates the operation of the C nal. The distinguished Pan. manian jurist brilliantly repre- sented his country in the talks where his vast knowledge and his high sense of patriotic res- ponsibility were placed at the service of his country. THE AMERICAS DAILY res- pectfully greets the illustrious Minister and his wife, wishing them a pleasant stay in Miami. Borlenghi Arrives Unexpectedly in Uruguayan Capital Hostile demonstrations staged by catholics MONTEVIDEO —(UP) — The expected arrival in this city of Angel C. Borlenghi, the former Interior Minister of caused a series of hostile domon- Argentina | strations against him. Numerous groups of youths, members of the Catholic Action group demonstrated in front of the hotel where Borlengui is staying, They carried placards reading: “Torturer”, “Do you like’ our liberéz?” and “Borlengui, out.” An improvised rostrum was set up and different speakers attacked Borlengui, among them a munici- pal official Edmundo Fresco. The speakers violently attacked the an- it-Catholie activities of Borlenghi when he was Minister and they accused him of torturing Catholics and the political adversaries of the Argentine government. After the speeches the crowd said an Our Father and organized an auto caravan which went to’ the front of the Argentine embassy where once again they asked that Borlengui leave the country. No violence occured during the demonstrations. Local newspapers gave pro- minence to Borlenghi’s sudden ar- rival and surmised that the trip must have been made very “hur- riedly” since a “pleasure trip to the U.S. or Europe could well be arranged in Buenos Aires”, The former Minister also said that the didn’t fear the Argentine exiles and did not need police protection. “This is the first time I have breathed easy after nine years in is eble to get an increase in the ernment and Press Ministers res-| chickpeas, 75,000; chile, 50,000; and United States’ number one custom- | the government. I have been a \ er in the entire world’, he said. slave of the government,” he said, \pectively. [barley, 32,500.