Diario las Américas Newspaper, August 13, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people Pubitshed vy THE AMERICAS fUBLISHIN@ COMPANY G. A. SAN ROMAN 8. SMITH President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President snd Publisher Fditor and Manager Carlos E. Simons Managing Editor Carlos 0. Echegoyen Circulation Manager 2nd Year Ralph B. Ross Advertising Manager EDITORIAL THE MATTER OF HEMISPHERIC ' SOLIDARITY Newspapers of the Western Hemisphere have = ed a splendid show of unity in connection with the blow against press freedom that was attempted ‘in Brazil when Carlos Lacerda, newsman and editor of the Rio daily, the Tribuna da Imprensa, luckily escaped with his life after a gunman tried to snuff out the existence of a man who has consistently | spoken out against political corruption and graft. The Inter-American Press Association, in ac-) cordance with its customary practice, immediately took steps to brand this savage attempt on free thought for what it was—a brutal infraction of com- | |set toot on the shore of a small | j natural harbor subsequent explo- mon decency and law at a time when political excitement was running at fever pitch. A fact worthy of note is that Brazilian news- papers, practically without exception, without re- gard for political affiliations and without fear or) reservation, disparaged in the most forceful fashion | they could, an incident whose aftermath is still rev- erberating throughout Brazil. According to press dispatches related to the occurrence, the Brazilian Press Association reques- ted the goyernment to allow newspapermen to sit in on the investigation of the attempted murder. The government is reported to have refused to ac- cede to the demand. Even though it has refused to honor the request, the Brazilian government aware that the independent papers of the country will be watching to see how the Lacerda case is being | P dealt with, and the government knows that the pa-, pers will not hesitate to speak out in the name of | | this gorge are towering cliffs cover- justice and respect for civic decency. In so doing, | ;conquistador moved and laid out | | the | Orizaba and to Cordoba, dips sud- | is | plateau, to wind its way down the | 2 MIAMI, FLA., KNOW | THY = | NEIGHBOR | By ANTONIO RUIZ MEXICO— A lusty, 34 van old Spanish Conquistador, Hernan | Cortés, was commissioned by the | governor of Cuta te explore and conauer, in the name of the King of Spain, territory discovered by Frarcisco Hernadndez de Cérdoba in 1517 and again seen one year | Tater by Juan Ge Grijalva. Cortés | anchored his boats off the coast | | of Veracruz on April 21, 1519. The next day, Good Friday, he landed. | To commemprate the day of that historic ianding and considering the untold promise of wealth the |new territory would yield, the Spaniards called the place “La Vi- Ha. Rica de la Vera Cruz”, which | ;mears “The rich village of the True Cross”. Though Cortés had | rations down the coast revealed a stiii better site to establish a base of operations. To that the a tuwnsite, founding the present- | day active port of Veracruz. Two | important railroad lines traverse | the state from east to west. One follows closely the route taken b; the Spanish conqueror when hi climbed and fought his way to! the uplands. There are few steep | grades along this route; for the | mos? part it is rolling countryside which becomes more scenic as Ja- lapa, the state Capital, is approach- ed. The other railroad leading to important industrial city of | denly~after passing the town of Esperanza on the edge of the high turn marvelous vistas of the broad | mountainside, offering at every | turn nmarvelous vistas of the broad green valleys below. At another | pointn it passes over the famou: | Metlac gorge with its rushing river far below. Lining both sides of ed vith tropical foliage. This rail- | elect | constituent STATUTE REPLACES CONSTITUTION No date for election set GUATEMALA CITY —(UP)— The ruling guverament junta mMov- | ed to gather public power into its | hands by issuing a statute which | will govern Guatemala’s institu- | tional life until 2 new co titution | hi en promulgated by a cons- tituent assembly. | Junta President Carlys Castillo | Armas himself handeo newsmen | copies of the new decree. It said | that “public pcwer will be con- | centrated in the hands of the rul- ng junta alone which has dele-| ated the power to administer jus- tice to the (nation’s) courts”. Castillo Armas told newsmen that the new decree “supersedes the national constitution and the | effect of repealing all laws that | may be at variance with it (the decree).” He revealed that no decision had et been taken as to the date of | ms in which delegates to a assembly would be | chosen, noting that the call for elections would depend on how} long it takes to uproot Commun- | ist influences in Guatemalan life. In addition to Castillo Armas, the | military junta is made up of Col. | Elfego Monzon and Major Enrique Oliva. The junta has been govern- | ing Guatemala since July 3, fol- lowing the overtirow of a govern- | ment headed by Jacobo Arbenz. The decree also said that “Gua- temela will carry out its interna- ma! obligations; will conduct | s activities in accordance with | | treaties, convertions and pacts whi h tend to assure the existence !of a democracy on absolute res. pec: for civil rights; and it will the papers of Brazil have acted splendidly on behalf |1oad has been described by sea-|endeavor to enforce the human of their country and people. The people of Brazil have also shown that they| repudiate such gangster methods. The joint attitude! displayed by the press and the population of Brazil necting the nation’s Capital with rights to Belize (British Honduras) will serve as a future warning to government of- ficials in that country that such vandalistic acts will! no longer be tolerated. The example given by the! Brazilian people should have healthful repercussions in other parts of the hemisphere as weil. ‘The gestures of solidarity shown by newspapers « all over the Americas in conjunction with the co- wardly attack on the life of newsman Carlos La-) cerda, a fearless and worthy representative of the |i hemispheric press, indicate that newspapers in this. part of the world are alert and will go on fighting to protect their rights and make freedom of thought a, reality for all. soned travelers as one of the most beautiful and scenic in the world. | eee | THE TWO main highways con- the port of Veracruz follow in }part those of old stage-coach rou- tes. During the colonial period, | | cobnle-stone roads were built from | | Vera: ‘uz to the uplands, one pas- sing through Jalapa, the other | throvgh Cordcba and Orizaba |The !atter became the favorit stage-coach run and was used b: Viceruys, church dignataries and | | other high officiais. Now both high | Ways are paved throughout allow- | ing rapid transportation by auto- mobilcs and busses. These two j highways meet at kilometer 176, | east of Puebla. The one to Jalapa | then proceeds through wide ex- |panses of rich agricultural coun- tryside to Perote, once an out- laying fortress and now a thriving | |towr where a highway branches | | off to the north to connect with | Tecoiutla and Tuxpan. The high- | way then begins a gradual des-| ro Jalapa passing through an ancient lava flow now densely covered by trees. then on to the| village of Banderilla, renowned for | its beautiful gardens full of tro-! | pical flowers and plants. After Ja- lapa, the highway continues its slow descent to the coast along | the sides of mountains and foot- | hills, passing through many pic- | turesque villages and towns. The | other highway makes a somewhat | gircnifous route through and arid | sector now being reclaimed by vast | irrigction projects, to the world | famo.is Spa at Tehuacan. Enroute, | | the uresque and hi: te towns of Tecamachalcy, Tl jee and | ‘Lepanco are pasted. AfSse Tehua- ean tne highway makes a scenic ascent to the heights of Aultzingo situated on the crest of the high mountain overlooking the beauti- ful valley of Orizaba. On a clear aay the view is breath-taking. A steey descent is made to the town ef Acuitzingo, more than 2.000 feet | below The port of Veracruz, a well as some of the State's impo iant cities, reached by plane, se-) verai lines having daily service. (Conunued tomorrow). Spanish Version Pag. 3. vent Departure date changed BUENOS AIFES —(UP)— It was officially announced that Pre- sident Peron will leave for Asun- | cién on the 16th, and not on the 15th, as previously anounced. _| i |sident Eisenhower told his news \IN COSTA RICA {region of Puerto Viejo, rights. which are specified in the United Nations declaration of the rights of man”, | Further on, “the decree stated | that Guatemala “reiterates its and will desist from its claims”. Lastly, the decree stated the intention of the government to continue in its campaign to eli- minate communism from. Guate- mala and repudiate any totalira- rian system “which advocates the supremacy of the state”, IKE PRAISES PEURIFOY WORK WASHINGTON, —(UP)— Pre- conference yesterday that Ambas- sador John Peurifoy has done an excellent job in Guatemala. This comment responded to a reporter’s request for information| about the conference which Peu foy had with the President on re- turn from his post in Guatemala where an anti-Communist govern- | ‘ment recently took power by re- volution from a_ pro-Communist | guvernment, Eisenhower said that it was cus- tomary for an ambassador to call on the President when he return- cd tc Washington from post abroad. He said the ambassador | gave nim a report on the situation | in the country to which he was as- signed. He recalled that Peurifoy had seen transferred to Guatemala from Greece because of the high | conaence in his ability. OIL DEPOSITS FOUND —_— MEXICO CITY.— (UP) —Two/} Costa Rican government specialists jisclosed here that indications of | extensive” oil deposits have turn- ed uo in the Atlantic coast area of Cesta Rica, perticularly in the Limon | province, near the Panamanian border. The two specialists —Cesar Do- neli, a geologist, and Carlos Igle- sias, an engineer— disclosed that they nave requested the Mexican government controlled Pemex com- pany to send experts to help in oil explorations now going on in Costs Rica. ______ | The n | | while Rg 1954. Daily For a better unaeretanding between the Americas For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Loyalty to Constitution Stressed i No disturbances reported in the last 24 hrs. RIO DE-JANEIRO (UB) domestic political which began here a week ago in | conjunction with the politically- inspired murder of Bra an Air Ferce Major Rubens appears to have calmee down in the wake of a joins declaration issued by the country’s armed forces. Previovs to this declaration, military forces were brought in- to action against a mob number- around 10,000 persons which congregated in Rio's Cine- Jandia, or movie theatre, district foliowing a day of rioting and violence on the part of students. The students, and .others, had spent the day destroying camp- aign posters and an automobile belunging to partisans Vargas, son ot Brazil - dent Getulio Vargas, who is run- ning for reelection as federal de- puty. While the police were busy dispersing crowds in the Cin landia area o1 Rio, the army, and air force, chiet ff drafted and issued the fol- lowing statement in the pres- ence of the three cabinet minis- ters who preside over Brazil’s armed force departments: “The three branches of — the armcd sorces are in complete agreement thaf with respect to the present situation they must remain united and carry out their obligations under the con- stitution”. The declaration, which w: sued to the press by War Mini Zenobio da Costa, was imme- tely broadcasted by ra- stations in the federal dis- trict and inland points of the country. By nightfall calm had been re- stored to the Brazilian capital, and no disturbances had been reported m other parts of the nafion, Military forces stationed in the capital, however, were kepi on the alert. in the midst of the riots two important air force officials were placed under di linary arrest for having delivered “provocati- ve” addres against the gov- ernment during a me ig held at the Air Force Officers’ Club as a sign of protest against the murcer of Air Force Major Ruben Vaz, GENERAL NORIEGA SENT INTO. EXILE BY PERUVIAN GOV'T He was put slat a ship with unknown destination :™ LIMA —(UP)— General Zenon Nor'ega, who up to just the other day had been Peruvian war minis- ter and cabiret president, was sent into exile by the military re- gime of Gen. Manuel Odria under charges of hi volt ihat was nipped in the bud before it could take place last Tuesday. An announcement issued by the government disctosed that Noriega bad been put board a Peru vian war vessel “for immediate ex- ile from Peru”. The destination of the ship carrying the deposed general was not revealed. The Uruguayan embassy mean- informea the government thai ving instigated a re- | two army captains —Jorge Carr | Raez, head of the army’s artillery »; Coional Juan Barreto, for- genenral of the § division and com- mander of the Lima military gar. rison, Lieutenent Col. Walker | Alexander. former commander of an artillery battalion, Lt. Col. Ro- mulo Vazquez Zapata, former com- jmander of the Mariscal Castilla !armored group, Lt. Col. Salvador ‘DECLINE SEEN Joint Statement to the People IN FUTURE COFFEE USE NEW YORK —(UP)— Specializ ed publications here are saying that coffee consumption in the U S. may fali off at least 15 per cennt that a drop of per cent would be equivalent to around 2 million bags of coffee almost as much as has been 'acking in recent weeks | so that a balance between produc tion and consumption, or and demand cculd take place The importance of this situation, the publicatiofis say, rests in the | fact that housewives themselves could take steps to cause a drop in prices by mass action, even | without a common agreement | | among them. | | The Wall Street Joyrnal says that “Ever since housewives began toc their purchases of coffee (unroasted) coffee future prices |tave fallen to the extent of 10 cents a pound. Brazilian coffee tha: was selling in New York last April for 96 cents a pound is now selling for 86 cents” Almost two out of every three pounds of coffee now being pro- | duced in the world are consumed | jn the United States. Coffee drink- | ing in the U. S., however, has fal- | |len-off by 10 per cent so far Leal |year as ‘compared to last year’s | me z This is an important factor ay [inet Brazil expects to produce less | roffee this year than it did last. | Fi will have only 13,400,000 bags for export purposes, 1,700,000 less | a in 1953. curtailment in consumption | in the United States might serve | to offset higher prices caused by | mailer productionn of coffee in| ‘azil, Several large scale coffee | | dea ‘s in New York have report- ‘ed that their transactions have fal- | len cif by 15 per cent or even in comrarison to sales at the same | lime last ye Seleiion Will be Found, Facio Says | Vallodolid, former comander of an | snti-airdraft artillery batallion, Lt. Col. Gustave Conterna, profe- sor at the Army War School, Ma- jor Hernan Helfer, formerly in charge of operdtional procedure training for the Mariscal Castilla armored groug and Major Jaun , formerly connected with Dixon and Pedro de la Fuente— the tlird section of the army | had token refuge in the Uruguay- | an d.plomatic mission. Arrests carried out by” the gov- ernmnent included those of Gen. | tral transportation service. All of | che officers will be court martial- ed in accordance with existing pro- visions of the m ilitary code, U.S. TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL HELP GOES TO GUATEMALA s,s sou Official request from Guatemala is expected WASHINGTGN —(UP)—_ In- favorably disposed toward afford- | | forned sources here disclosed that | officials the United States government is | former ,the national treasury and by ex- including some of the group, who took large amounts of money from the trea- ing the Guatenialan gqvernment | sury with them when the Arbenz assistance out any carrying it may its anti-C eed in mmunist | Campaign. Officials from both the United Staies and Guatemala are pre- sently conferring with regard to what specific things must be done to help the Central Ameri- can republic Guatemala may make some sort of official re- quest when the studies have been completed. 1 ruling junta to find qualified per- | Despite | | i} jot the pr | vernment fel: from power. this burdensome finan- cial the United States goverment feels that the position nt Guatemalan govern- ment is onomically sound. eal new government of Guatemala ex- pects to go forward with any pro-| problem, | gressive measures that the former | government of that country had | started, such as public housing | | | construction it will be difficult for the jand agricultural development pro- | highway building | | grams all of which serve to im- sons to fill posts that were vacat- | prove the lot of the Guatemalan ed by Communist office holders | neop!e in general. who had served for the past ten | years 2. The government will have a hard time of it to reorient the | thinking processes of labor lead- | ers and teachers who have been | under the infiuence of Commu-| nist propagands during the past | few years. 3. Guatemala is faced with a tremendous financial problem con- | The government junta hopes to secure technical assistance from the United States in carry- ing out this ambitious program of public works. It may also re- quest some degree of financial aid, although in the form of loans and not direct donations, Informed sources said that the WASHINGTON —(UP)— Costa Rican Ambassador Antonio Facio told newsmen here he was hopeful that a solution could soon be found for the differences presently di- viding his country and neighbor- ing Nicaragua spoke with newsmen fol- 20-mirute talk between Assistant Secretary of Latin American affairs Holiand. He declined, | how to specify any of the {measures that might have been taken to settle the dispute The ambassador said merely that he and Holland had discussed the maticr and that he was optimistic . 2, the outcome of the wrangle. \ (him a tate Hen: | RELATIONS GOOD LA PAZ —(UP)— According to | President Victor Paz Estenssoro of | Bolivia, “reiations between Bolivia and the U. S. are extremely cor- dia!, and I hope that they will continue io be su for the good of both countrie: | Estenssoro made this statement ! when Marion Hardesty, director of the U. N. Food and Agricultural Orgenization, conferred on Estens- sora a certificate of honorary | membership in the American As. | ion of Chiefs of Police. ious to this, President Es- sscro had bestowed the honora- ry distinction of the Condor of the Andes on Hardesty. GOV. JOHNSTON TO | | VISIT MEXICO | WASHINGTON —(UP)— Okla- homa Governor Johnston Murray | will leave on a good Will trip to Mex:co toward the end of this | month, | | The trip is being sponsored by the International Educational Ex. change Service of the State De- partment. supply | 4 | Chest, | allow 2 3 “NUMBER 33 BRAZILIAN CRISIS BOGS DOWN WITH ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE ARMED FORCES |MIAMI'S SOCIAL SPOTLIGHT By MARTHA LUMMUS Northeast Miami Junior Wo- mass Club has announced judges for its first annual ‘“Outstand- ing Young Woman of the Year” award. They are Mrs. Henry 0, Shaw. Mrs. James McFarlin, Mrs. », Pearce, Robert M. Morgan, Robert L. Floyd Mrs. Shaw, president of the mers Division of the Miami the Junior League of mi and a past correspond- secretary of the Florida Di- vis on, United Daughters of the Coniederacy, is als) a member of Everglades chapter, Daughter of the Americar Revolution, and gave more than 11,000 hours of service with the American Red Cress during World War II. She served the Miami Womans Club as president for two years, and is now serving as public welfare charrman, She has twice served the Florida Federation of Wo- men’s Clubs as a member of the board. She alse is organizer and president of the Junior Museum Guild. Mrs. McFarlin, president of the Council of Church Women and a member of the board at ee Protestant Service Bureau, ii past president of the Y.W.CA. and served as a member of the board of that organization for some time. Mrs, Pearce. president of the Florida Federation of Womens Clubs, has beer a member of the Miami Womans ciub for many years, was ident at one time, and also has held many chairmanships in that organiza- tion, She was at one time direc- tor of district 11 for the Federa- tion, was chairman of American Homes and Iniernational and Youth Conservation Depart- She has worked with the , the Womans Missionary of Central Baptist church, Miami Counci! of Church Wo- men, Florida Chain of Mission- ary Assemblies, Community and the Dade County chapter of American Cancer Society. She is currently serving on the board of directors of the Crime Commission of Greater Miami. Her patriotic service in- cludes an assignment during World War II in the press de- partment, U.S. Office of Censor- ship. She was vice-chairman of the Womans Division, Dade County Wat Bonds and con- tributed many hours of service to the American Red Cross, U.S.O., (Daae County chapter), and is registered for National Civilian Defense service pro- gram. Mr. Morgan, C.P.A., and presi- dent of Greater Miami Federal Savings and Loan Association, is president of the Miami Cham- ber of Commerce, and chairman of the University of Miami Me- dical school committee. He is a past president of the Dade couaty Tuberculosis association, and past president of the Great- er Miami Heart Association. He is a member of the board of governors of the National Child- rens Cardiac Hospital; member ’ of State Board of Accountancy. He also has Leid the top office of the Florida Institute of Cer- tified Public Accountants, and is a member of the University CHILEAN DISCUSS OIL INVESTMENTS SANTIAGO.-<t (UP) — Deputies affiliated with the Christian Fe- | deration political party will ask for a special session of the cham- ber m deputies to discuss a go- | vernment-sponsored bill request- ing that private capital, both do- |mesta and foreign, be allowed to partivipate in developing Chile’s vil wealth The Christian Federation is ex- | pected to support the government | plan to. have private capital take part in developing oil fields, but under the condition that the go- vernment retain its monopoly over all refining facilities. The government plan, which annot become a reality until a ill to amend the country’s min- ing code has been enacted, both domestic and f Murray will probably leave Okla- sisting of a /30 million treasury |Tuling junta has still not finished jhoma City on August 25 for a 10- dollar deficit which the Commu-| with remaining Guatemalan Com- nists bequeathed it. The deficit was brought on by ex-Communist go- vernment officials who for a period of six or seven years had been em. | their underground activity if felt | the _|besiing laxge sums of money from |4o bo very slight. _ | day trip to Mexico where he will munists, and experiénced obser- conter with farm officials and la. ‘eo City and Guadalajara. Mucray has lived in several of in American countries and er a __-ahgs traveled in all of them, — those agents are still hiding out, | capital to urdertake exploration |ard exploitation of oil fields in the area of Cerro Manantiales Ma- gallanes province, where Chile's apparently vers noted that although some of | bor ieaders from Monterrey, Mexi- | first oil wells were brought in. In broaching its plan for future oil developments, the government specitically mentioned “domestic _ jand foreign” capital.