Diario las Américas Newspaper, June 23, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people Nun sera merece at he A For a better understanding between the Americas For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity | MIAMI, FLA., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1954. NUMBER 294 MAJOR REBEL DRIVE ON BARRIOS BEGINS THE AMERICAS DAILY Published by THE AMERICAS FUBLISHING COMPANY G. A. SAN ROMAN S. SMITH President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Editor and Manager Carlos E. Simons Managing Editor Carlos 0. Echegoyen “Head of Circulation Dept. Ralph B. Ross Head of Advertising Dept. Phone 88-752 4349-36th St. Miami Springs. Pla. EDITORIAL EY THE UNITED STATES OR THE ~ SOVIET UNION WILL COME OUT ON TOP IN GUATEMALA : To reach the definite conclusion that is implicit in the title of this editorial is an exceedingly painful step, but no other is possible in view of the facts. Just as in the case of Spain some years back, Guatemala represents a sister nation that has been |!ivia. It is located about 316 miles | chosen by destiny for a determination of not only that nation’s fate, but that of the Americas as well. | The State Department has been holding con- sultations with the other American nations in respect to the fact that Guatemala had received a 2,000-ton shipment of arms from an Iron Curtain country. The arrival of those arms constitutes und-) isguised, total intervention on the part of the Rus- | sians in the life of this hemisphere. Confirmation | of that intervention was forthcoming last Sunday when the Russian delegate on the Security Council employed the time honored device of the Soviets) consisting of a veto cast on behalf of their Guat-) emalan ally. As in other aspects of current world politics, the Soviet Union and the United States are) face to face with each other in Guatemala. Now that! matters have come to a head, all the free world) nations will be casting anxious looks toward the Central American drama now unfolding. We have drawn attention in the past to the fact that leader nations have on occasion found it hard) to draft adequate policies. It is thus evident that) leadership entails many difficult responsibilities. However, once a definitive direction has been taken, | the only logical course to follow consists off all-out | defense of that position or surrender to the enemy. | With the United States at the head, the Americas have undertaen to draft policies for the Western) world. It would be extremely foolhardy to assume that the revolution undertaken last Friday by anti-Com- ‘munist Guatemalans will end in victory if it is al- lowed to go on without outside help. The progress or the setbacks of those forces will be chalked up either te the credit of the U.S. or to that of the Soviet) Union, as the case may be. 4 This is not the time for unwarranted illusions nor baseless fears. Criticism proceeding f rom vested | interests who wish to see the anti-Communist mov-| ement in Guatemala fail should not be allowed to halt ‘any definite action on behalf of the large! majority of the Guatemalan people and on behalf of | hemispheric security. It would be unfair to listen’ to discredited opinions and to conveniently forget the obligations that the anti-Communist nations of the world have assumed for themselves. If those) nations should forget their responsibilities and fall) into the error of a crime of omission, they ‘would! n realize that they had been responsible for bet ase the faith of those who are shedding their) - blood in defense of the cause of Western civilization.) Guatemala must be protected from Russian ag-| gression by the people who are entrusted with the) task of watching over the safety of the Americas. | If the defenders of the inter-American way of life) fail to act with the dispatch and the determination | that current circumstances demand, they will be in| for severe criticism at the hands of those of us who} are aware of the threat now hanging over the heads | of this hemisphere’s twenty-one independent na-| tions. Such criticism—a type of criticism based on) the desire to sce the Americas go forward unharmed —is one that should be more greatly feared by hemi- spheric leaders who may possibly be hesitating in the face of hostile positions assumed by pro-Communist e in this hemisphere and) tted themselves to be taken ganizations and people Perere who have permi by Soviet propaganda. Se SUBSCRIBE TO THE AMERICAS DAILY | it has a benign climate, which has. Rebels Ma KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ | BCLIVIA - Although the govern- |ment has its headquarters at La | Paz, the legal capital of Bolivia jis Sucre, with a population of | 35.000. There the Supreme Court holds its sessions. It is also the capital of the Department of Chu- ‘uisaca. Sucre is also the seat of | the Archpishopric of La Pl nd |the University of San Francisco Xavier. |the mest interesting cities of Bo- southeast of La Paz, in a fertile hill surrounded yalley at an alti- tude of 9,231 feet above sea level. | made it a favorite of the wealthier | Bolivian families and of many go- | vernment officials. It is an im-| portsnt distribution center for the | surrounding region, which is large- | ly agricultural, and it also has a number of industries. Moreover, | Suere is a cultural center with | numerous schools, libraries and | museums. * KK COCHABAMBA, with 77,000 peo- ple. ranks second in size. It is 190.miles to the southeast of La Paz and serves as the capital of the Departinent of the same name, as well as the distributing center for eastern Bolivia, being strate- gicaily situated on the main road | from the altiplano to the eastern | lowlands. Outstanding public build- ings are the Government Palace, | the Cathedral, the University, the Acha Theatre and the Stadium. Most of the private dwellings are two-storied houses of Spanish co- lonial style, with balconies and patios. Cochabamba has a milder and more even climate than La| Paz, being only 8,448 feet above sea level. Aside from its signifi cant location on the main east-| west artery of Bolivia, Cochabam- ha is also important as the center of the country’s richest agricul- tural region. It also engages in some manufacturing activity. * KOK POTOSI, an important tin cen-| ter with a population of 40,000, is Bolivia’s fourth largest city. It4 is 375 miles southeast of La Paz, and focated at an altitude of 13, 600 feet ( even higher than La| Paz). its annual average tempera- | fure is 48 degrees Fahrenheit. Po- | tosi at one time was the largest city of tie Western Hemisphere, with 160,C00 inhabitants. The fa-| bulous silver deposits in the vici ity, made the very name “Potos synonymous with wealth. After the silver was depleted, the city’s po-| pulation fell off, but its general | appearance has changed perhaps | Jess than that of any other Boli-| vian city. Buildings of historic in- verest are the Casa de Moneda or mint, built from 1753 to 1777 for coinng the silver from nearby mines; the old cabildo or town! hal! of the 16th century, now used | as Government Palace, and the} Casa de Justicia (House of Justice) lating back to 1572. To the south the city, is the Cerro Roco de | Potosi, the famous cone-shaped hill whence about two _ billion dollars worth of silver has come | since it was first opened by the Spanish,, conquistadores, and_ it} overlooks the city from a height of 15,386 feet. Now, instead of | buge quattities of silver, the hill produces ‘in in abundance, as well | xs bismuth and tungsten. -_** ORURO, Bolivia’s chief mining “ity, has 50,000 inhabitants. It is | located at an altitude of 12,119| feet, just north of Lake Poopé, | ideally situated with regard to the country’s principal sources of mi- | neral wealth and its centers of population (145 miles southeast of La Paz; 131 miles southwest of | Cochabamba and 236 mil.g, north- west of Pctosi). Hence, its Boli- via’s railroad nerve-center as well ws chief mining city. The cold cli- mate with an average tempera- ture of 50 degrees Fahrenheit, eli- | minates agriculture in the region. | However, the people, aside from engaging im mining, raise llamas, alp.cas and vicunas. Other Bolivian cities of some importance are Santa Cruz, with 33,000 inhabitants, capital of the Department of Santa Cruz and eading city of the Bolivian plains; | Tarija, chief commercial center of | the South of Bolivia, and Trinidad, . capital of the Department of El Delle storically, it is one of | de Deep Penetrations Sansa es SE ssued to Arbenz by Col. Castillo for unconditional surrender | | | expired at 2 P. M. | 0. ‘Ultimatum i |Government Communique Admits jy is not an Aggression, ex President says 0. Claims Arevalo and Arbenz did supported Jose Figueres in 1948 | TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras — | (UP)— Anti-Communist Guatema- | Jan rebel forces opened a major drive for control of the Puerto | Barrios —Guatemala City railw linking the capital with its prince pal Caribbean port. just thousands of Guatemalans country ty return to homes Castillo Armas’ ultimatum to Abenz expired at 2 p.m. yester- day and the rebels renewed their plea to the population of Guate- mala City to stay away from mi- litary objectives. There were no air raids on Gua- | temala City yesterday and the gov- ‘ernment reported that traffic and transportation were normal. A cur- our own Rebel headquarter claims, and admissions in a government communique, indicated the rebel | forces now threaten a 45-mile section of the railway, about 25 miles inside the country from who are forcing the doors of the the Honduras frontier and ex- tending from Morales to Gualan. | A major battle appeared to be shaping up for control of the im portant rail center of Zacapa, 75 miles from the Guatemalan capi- tal and 20 miles west of Gualan where one battle already has been fought. | The rebels claimed they have veaptured and hold 18 towns in their drive to overthrow the left- ist regime of President Jacobo Ar- benz Guzman. But the main effort obviously centered along the nation’s sole railway line extending from the Caribbean to the Pacific coast through Guatemala City. TWO MAJOR BATTLES The official Guatemalan radio said a battle had been fought be- tween regular and rebel forces at Bananera, the site of an airfield near Morales. The government also admitted the rebels had pushed to Gualan, some 25 miles inside Guatemala from Honduras and an important rail center. | A comn unique claimed the reb- cls were repulsed with heavy los- | ces in both encounters. The an-| nouncement conceded, however, | that heavy government casualties | had been suffered in the fighting | for Puerto Barrios. The rebels claimed to have won | control of the famed town of Es- | quipulas, site of the “Black Christ” | statue built on commission from the Spanish conquistadores. A Guatemalan high command communique admitted the reb- els led by Col. Carlos Castillo Armas had penetrated deeply into the interior but said the government army had just begun to fight. In their first contact with the | enemy, the government said, loyal troops won victories in battles at three key cities and repulsed an at- ‘ack near the Bananera airport. Arbenz’ troops also claimed to have held Puerte Barrios, port of entry for munitions shipped from | the Iron Curtain, and seizure of the Honduran schooner Siesta, its | personnel and cargo of arms. An earlier government com- maunique unwittingly indicated that Guatemalan army troops were using their newly-purchas- ed Iron Curtain arms in their battle against the rebels. CASUALTIES CLAIMED “The army, with regular troops, | well trained and equipped with! modern armament, attacked the | rebels’ position and forced them to tall back after overcoming stub-| born resistance”, this —communi- que said in reference to the fight at Gualan, about 16 miles from the | Honduran border. In an attempt to justify pur- chate of arms from Communist countries, Guatemala had charg- ed that the government was com- | pelled to deal with the Reds in erder to set up a defense of the country. The Guatemalan — government | elaimed it had inflicted a great | number of casualties upon _ the! enemy but admitted “a loss of va-| uable lives, especially in the aec- tion off Puerte Barrios when a schooner carrying armaments was captured along with its crew”. A communique said loyal forces | nad captured two parachutists near | the small seaport of Champerico. The men were reported carrying explosives, a compass and maps, | indicating they planned to dyna- mite dumps. Castillo Armas hotly denied government charges that sol- diers of fortune made up the bulk of his rebel army. NO AIR ACTION “This is an invasion, properly few was iniposed last night. In San Salvador, a 1951 candi- date for the presidency of Guate- a blamed the United States pre for the upsurge of commu- nism in the Central American Re- public, Gen. Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes, who predicted a’ victory for Casti- ‘lo Armas after a long battle, said the American press was too late in recognizing the Communist menace in the Arbenz government. Flash ... . LATE BULLETIN (From somewhere inside Gua- temala—hy phone)—The head- quarters of the anti-Communist Guatemalan army of liberation reported that military opera- tions are proceeding according to plan, The town of Esquipulas, around six miles from the border with Honduras, has fallen to a rebel column commanded by Colonel Miguel Mendoza. Following a | bitterly contested battle the de- fending government troops with- drew and the rebel forces en- tered the town. Colonel Casti- No Armas was acclaimed by the citizenry of Esquipulas when he arrived in the area on a tour of inspection. Numerous residents of the town joined the rebel forces of liberation. Another celumn of rebel troops | under the command of Colonel Ernesto Niederneitman seized the towns of Vado Hondo, Jo- cotan and Camotan in south- eastern Cuaiemala, being receiv- ed amidst rejoicing by local in- habitants. The headquarters of Colonel Guillermo Flores Aven- dano, chief of operations in that area, have moyed to Camotan. In the northeast sector of the country Puerto Barrios is com- pletely surrounded by rebel for- ces and the surrender of govern- ment troops is expected mo- mentarily. The railroad bridges between Gualan and Morales and another over the Rio Grande ri- ver have been destroyed, cutt- ing the only means of communi- cation between Puerto Barrios and the capital. The rebel air force resumed its attacks on fuel dumps in the outskirts of Guatemala City, sett- ing them afire. The high command of the li- beration army warned that all automobiles and trucks that are spotted on highways will be con- idered military objectives sub- ject to air attack. It issued this warning in view of government plans to recruit cars and their drivers for troop transportation. The Committee for anti-Com- munist Coordination reported that Presi¢ent Arbenz charges against Honduras, Nicaragua and the United States before inter- national agencies shows that the Arbenz government doesn’t have the strength which it alleges does. The committee added that it would hold President Arbenz re- sponsible for the civil war that is now underway in Guatemala because of his persistence in saddling the Guatemalan people with a Communist-type régime to which they are openly opposed. ESQUIPULAS CAPTURED TEGUCIGALPA —(UP)— The town of Esquipulas, located around 10 kilometers inside Guatemala from the Honduran border, has fal- en to the Guatemalan rebels, and the rebel and government forces speaking”, Castillo Armas said in| are now struggling over possession notifying exiles in Mexico of his| of the town of Chiquimula, accord- nitimatum to Arbenz and his gov- | ing to reports which have reached ernment ty surrender. “We are this capital, MEXICO CITY. —(SE(— Dr. Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia, former president of Costa Rica, stated here that “there has been no aggression in the case of Gu- atemala, yet the government of that country actually did aggress | against Costa Rica in 1948 on | behalf of Jose Figueres.” Calderon Guardia, a promin- ent Central American figure who has been living in Mexico City as a political exile, went on to Say: “There has been no aggression in the Guatemalan affair. What is involved is the fact that cer- tain Guatemalans are fighting against a government that un- happily handed itself over lock, | steck and barrel to communism, In my own country —Costa Rica there was indeed aggression in 1948, and there was indeed an invasion of mercenary troops equipped, paid and dispatched by Arevalo and Arbenz to over- throw the constitutional govern- ment of President Teodoro Piec- ado, with President Figueres being the direct outcome of that aggression, The Moscow-inspired | propaganda which was transmit- ted by Guatemala at that time | depicted Jose Figueres, the ward of Arevalo and Arbenz, as an anti-Communist fighter in Costa Rica. W'th shameless audacity they asserted that they were se- eking to overthrow a Communist régime when in reality just the opposite was happening. Time has shown up these international | clowns who drafted the Machi- | | avelian scheme for constitution of the still extant Guatemala- San Jose axis.” In an allusion to the inter- American aspects of the Gu- atemalan affair, the former Cos- ta Rican president said: “I firm- ly believe that the American rep- ublics should remain closely un- ited with the United States to repulse communism with vigor and should erect an invincible | barrier against the penetration of those ominous teachings.” - Charges investigated MEXICO CITY. —(UP)— Me- xico is investigating Guatemala’s charges that an American-drewed antiCommunist rebel airplane |crash-landed near the Mexico-Gua- temala border. A foreign ministry spokesman said that the government received |the Guatemalan request that the |plane and its two American crew- men be turned over to Guatemala. He said the defense ministry is | checking the case. Neither he nor army spokesmen would release further information. (The Guatemalan government jradio heard here said the plane was one of those which bombed CLOSE RELATIONS LONDON —(UP)— Moscow ra- jio reported that all Russian news | papers carried “extensive reports of the armed aggression against Guatemala”. The broadcast monitored here aid the papers “carried detailed counts of the (United Nations) | Security Council special meeting | June 20 ard articles on the aggres- sion and its background”. Pravda declared in a headline that the U.S.A. bears the res- ponsability for the aggression | against Guatemala”, The story said, “no matter what subterfuges U.S. diplomacy resorts to, no matter how U. S. propagan. |da distorts the facts, the whole | world sees that the armed attack on Guatemala has been instigated, prepared and carried out by the |U § ruling circles who are using their hirelings for this purpose” “Before world public opinion the American ruling circles stand | tle Guatemala” Pravda id’. Moscow radio also broadcast a | declaration on Guatemala released | yesterday by the secretariat of the World Federation of Trade | Unions The WFTU said, | troops operating in “Mercenary accordance jing circles of the U.S.A. and sup plied with North American arms and planes invaded the territory of Guatemala, thus imperilling the national independence, social and economic achievements and demo- peonle”, The declaration said the reason for the aggression was “the strug- gle which workers and the people }of Guatemala have been waging for several years against the in- |buman exploitation and | plundering by the American Unit- ed Fruit Company”. U. S. vs. RUSIA In Britain, the Manchester Guar- ‘dian editerialized on Guatemala |and said, “Guatemala is a shadow ‘and in more than one What is going on there —revolt | or invasion— is, so far as the rest | of the world can see, going on in |near-darkness. But what makes the shadows so long and menac- ing is the glare of the conflict between the two great concen- trations of power in the world”, “Playing on that small country, \the glare distorts a local clash of armies a few thousand strong into |a significant contest,” the Guard- tan said. The contest is all the more sig- nificant because it takes place | away from the usual areas of ten- | sion: physically it seems unlikely |to spread beyond its present local dimensions so that onlookers will have leisnre to watch and dra conclusions without being sucke “The reosons for this are clear. The United States has taken........ alarm at the presence of Commun- ists in Guatemala and...... their al- Cuatemala City It was hit by anti- aircraft fire but managed to make its way to the Pacific coast, where it crashed near Tapachula, Mexi- co). BEGINNERS’ SPANISH BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. PEDIR AND PREGUNTAR Pedir is to ask (for), to reques' | ion). t, and preguntar is to ask (a quest- | Present Indicative of pedir and preguntar. | yo | ta | usted, él, ella | nosotros, -as vosotros, -as ustedes, ellos, ellas pido pides pide pedis PENSAR and CREER Pensar is to think, to intend, yo | ta | usted, él, ella nosotros, -as levosotros, -as ustedes, ellos; ellas pensa Translate into English: | pide cinco délares. sdlo (only) cree lo que (what) ve. nifio cree todo lo que le dicen. nes (vacations). 8—Han pedido ja trip). pedimos piden pienso piensas piensa pensais piensan 1—Carlos pregunta qué hora es. 3—Ana piensa mucho en sus padres. 9—Creemos lo que dicen los maestros, |donde (where) esta la casa del sefor Fernandez. pregunto preguntas pregunta preguntamos preguntais preguntan and creer is to believe. Present Indicative of pensar and creer. creo crees cree creemos creéis creen mos 2—Maria 5—José pide agua fria. 6—El 7—Pensamos en nuestras vacacio- dinero para hacer un viaje (make 10—Preguntaba |expused as aggressors against lit-| | with a plan drawn up by the rul- | eratic freedom of the Guatemalan | | savage | sense. | into practical and urgent action”. | 4—Juan | | time. BETWEEN ARBENZ AND RUSSIA NOW CLEARLY VISIBLE 0. Aggression charges recall North Korean claims leged domination of the govern- nt it has got the other Ame- rican states to say that their sov- ereignty and independence would be threatcned if international Communism were to dominate the institutions of any one of them and that they would consult on defensive action The Secretary of State h nounced the Guatema- Jan government and good as publicly hoped for its replacement. ‘n return the Soviet Union, who probably saw little in Guatemala t a possible (and expendable) g-term investment, has jumped at the enance of holding up the United States as the oppressor of small nations”. MIAMI’S SOCIAL SPOTLIGHT By MARTHA LUMMUS “You ought to charge admis- sion”, That's what everybody s when they walk into Mrs. Blanche Eichelberger’s home on Alhambra Circle, Coral Gables, and see her collection of anti- ques. She could, too, (charge ad- mission,) for few homes contain so many priceless treasures as does this Spanish type house in which Mrs. Eichelberger and her husband, Elliott, have lived for the past twelve years, But Mrs. Eichelberger would not do that —she wouldn’t want your money. Instead, she invites | friends at every opportunity, to come to see her, as well as her | lovely china, glass, crystal, fur- -niture, figurines, ete, For Mrs Eichelberger likes nothing bet- ter than to have people enjoy these items, many of which are museum pieces. To her, maybe it’s an old story—and yet, ié isn’é for while she’s used to living with | antiques, she k s them and ne- ver tires of enjoying their beau- | ty. The Eichelbergers, cousins of | General Robert Eichelberger and former residents of Eichelber- | ger Town,Pa. which was named | for their family, used to own an | antique shop; this explains their | interest in antiques, which they | have collected for 30 years. \ Unlike the cobbler’s daughter | who has no shoes or the interior | decorator’s family whose house is the worst looking one on the block because he has no time to fix it up, the Eishelbergers house contains some of the rar- | est and most costly articles they had in their shop, for they saved out the things they specially |. wanted when they sold the store. Antiques and parakeets share hobby honors with Mr. Eichel- berger, but antiques won out — in numbers anyway. Mrs. Eichel- | berger divides her time between antiques and politics; is Reaw blican committee womnmit. A Capi de Monte banquet set is one of the Eichelbergers most prized, and costliest articles. It is thought that only two such sets are in existence. Some plaques in their home ajolica, Sevres and a Matsuma that is centuries old— are of particular beauty. Living room chandeliers hark back to yesteryear, and while the all, grandfather’s clock in the living room can’t actually turn back time, you’re in = an- other era when you see it, the fine old French cabinets, tables and desks that surround it, as well as the Dresden, Meissen and Tepietz lamps and figurines in the room. Cabinets filled with china (a complete set of Dresden, with 24 cups and saucers in one) and crystal that rings like a_ bell, then echoes and re-echoes that sound, are a joy to see (Some of the crystal is from the estate of Harry K. Thaw.) The Eichelbergers eat _ their meals on an exquisite inlaid Bel- gian dinit.g table —around them, on the dining room walls, are French plates of rare beauty that date back to Napoleonic days. It isn’t accidental that an Oc- cidental touch has been added to the Eichelberger home with a Chinese lamp and screen. Not often do you find a matching set of three pieces of Sevres, with figurine handles, but the Eichelbergers have one. It may not take you as long to see all these things as it did the Eichelbergers to collect them, but you'll want to linger long, or return often, for ano- other look-see at this modern home which allows its owners to live in two eras at the same a