Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 18, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people THE Published by THE A G. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Viee President and Publisher MERICAS DAILY MERICAS rUBLISHING COMPANY Ss. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor and Manager Carlos E. Simons Mai Ralph B. Ross Head of Advertising Dept. EDITORIAL IS THERE A CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE IN maging Editor William B. Scharrer Head of Circulation Dept. REGARD TO THE LATIN AMERICAN PUBLICS? RE Despite its status as a nation in which means) *%of communication are perhaps the best developed) , the fact remains that as far as_the|!ege of San Niéolas Obispo, found- | imaginable, Latin American countries are concerned, there is a virtual blackout of si lence in the U. S. he J Daily For a better understanding between the Americas 4 | For Liberty, Culture and | Hemispheric Solidarity MIAMI, FLA., TUESDAY, MAY 18, 1954. NUMBER 264 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ | MEXICO.— The famous San Ni- colas University in Morelia, cap- | | ital of the State of Michoacan, is | the second oldest on the continent, | was founded in 1540 by Fray Juan de San Miguel, and called the Col- feage of San Miguel de Valladolid. It was later joined with the Col- |ed originaliy by Bishop Vasco de | Quiroga in Patzcuaro. Antonio Hu- | itzimengari y Mendoza, son of the last monarch of Michoacan went |Situation termed “delicate” by Interior Minister Jorge Araos NE A Dee | SO Arrest of labor leader causes threat of stoppage ea | SANTIAGO, Chile (UP)—While the Central Unica de Trabajadores —a labor union which includes the | membership of the country’s main |labor organizations—was readying its plans for a 24-hour nation-wide | strike, the court of appeals order- jed the temporary release of Clo- |tario Blest, president of the union whose arrest and trial were res- ponsible for the threat of a gener- jal strike in Chile. When the union divulged its Indifference has reached a very high degree of |to this college and became a bril-| itention of staging a general refinement in government agencies of the U. S. Neither the public in general nor those publicity agencies which do so much to orient the the people—neither of them, we repeat, actually knows very much about the official attitude of their’ government in regard to inter-American affairs. People are indifferent about ascertaining the ‘true picture of Washington’s official policy in) respect to the Latin American sector because of the what we might describe as “isolation” in which! public opinion is kept. People responsible for orient-| ing national thinking are frankly in the dark as to » what this country has been doing in the way of negotiations and cooperation with neighboring nations. This, however, is far from the case when mat-| + ters affecting Europe and Asia are concerned.) issue communiqués about these affairs replete with detail, from domestic and foreign sources, sending them to the utmost reaches of the nation. While these matters concern areas) that are far, both physically and psychologically, the from the American people, the latter are well in- a Government agencies |liant scholar of Hebrew, Greek, | Latin and Spanish. Jose Maria Mo- relos was another distinguished thinking of!student, and one of the rectors | | was the great patriot and priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Today the college is known as the Uniy- |ersity Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo. It conducts schools of Medicine, Law, Engineering, Fine Arts, and also a business school. Decorating the inner walls of its fine colonial patio are some interesting frescos by Marion Gre- enwood....Also in Morelia is the Michoacan Museum, small but very | interesting, housing archeological | treasures discovered in the region, | pre-Hispanic sculptures and man- uscripts, musical instruments, as well as works of art of the colonial period, and outstanding specimens of present-day regional arts and crafts. It occupies an 18th century palace, situated near one corner of the main Plaza. THE FIRST interesting sight to strike the eye of the visitor motor- ing into the city of Morelia, is stately aqueduct with its 254 | tall and graceful arches. Work on the building of the aqueduct was formed about happenings in those places via their begun in 1758, and was completed papers, their radio and their television sets. In view of all the foregoing considerations, it. would seem that the Latin American nations have four years later under the direc- |tion of Fray Antonio de San Mi- guel, Bishop of Michoacan, who took the initiative in its construc- tion and personally defrayed much become the victims of a conspiracy of silence. The of the cost. logical outcome of such silence is that responsible whether inside or outside government, are ico City, is Puebla, one of the people, unable to formulate any adequate statements about the U. S. and its inter-American policies. This state) 260,000, and is an outstanding | of affairs is dangerous in a nation democratically organized as is the U. S., for its people, its newsmen, | SEVENTY nine miles from Mex- | most beautiful colonial cities in (all Mexico. It has a population of | educational center, and famed also for its textile industry. According its national associations and its other pertinent of the 16th century that friar Juli- public organizations are unable to conduct forums consonant with democratic practices in which the viewpoints of those interested made known to the government as far as its inter- American policies are concerned. Whenever some \an Garces, Bishop of Tlaxcala, on {a journey east from his diocese, stopped at a hillgirded site and, organizations can be wondering, explained that only a ‘few days before he had seen that precise spot in a dream, and that radiantly beautiful angels with rods in their hands, had_be- to legend, it was at the beginning | | formula for peace and Sssseh strike, the government replied by withdrawing from Congress an amnesty bill applying to everyone who had been tried for | violation of the law for the per- | manent defense of democracy, and it warned trade unions that it would adhere to the national constitution and laws and that it would do so with the utmost | vigor. Clotario Blest was arrested and tried by a complaint of the inter- ior ministry, which described a speech that was delivered by Blest before a public gathering on May 1 as “inciting to revolt.” Blest’s arrest was the cause of a meeting held by all the country’: jrelease, decreed a strike and demanded repeal of the law for permanent defense of de- | mocracy. The strike order includes mo- bilization services, rail transporta- | agency employes and workers in specialized industries. Despite its action in ordering the release of |Blest, the court of appeals’ move | didn’t deter the union from going | through with its threat to call a | strike. The union insisted on fol- lowing out its ori Meanwhile, Interior Minister Although still resentful, | tion of political peace in Cuba ap- |pears today to be closer to reali- | zation than at any other time since President Fulgencio Batista seized | power there 62 months ago. labor leaders, who demanded his | nation-wide | tion, public teachers, government | and semi-autonomous government | Jorge Araos summoned political |party’ leaders—including those jfrom opposition ranks —to his of- |fice tin order to apprize them of steps which the government had en in view of the announced intentions of the various labor unions. Araos termed the situation “de- licate” but not dangerous, and he | belittled the political implications |of the threatened work stoppage by saying that “there is agitation among the unions, but it isn’t of a subversive type.” He added that no emergency sectors had been at no steps to police ny area had been taken for the time being. SANTIAGO, (UP)—A 24-hour nation-wide strike decreed by the Chilean Central Labor Union began to take effect in the early hours of Monday morning, and over all transportation facilities were virtually paralyzed, with laborers and white collar work- ers being prevented from pro- ceeding te work. Newspaper dealers joined in the strike, therefore no papers | were distributed here yesterday. The effect of the strike could not be evaluated until around noon because thousands of work- ers who didn’t join the strike were on their way to work by foot and in trucks, The stoppage was ordered to back up an anmesty petition for those being tried for crimes against society and in support of a demand for repeal of a law for permanent defense of demo- cracy, and according to the strike organizers, government | employes, teachers and private workers had joined the strike movement. ‘Cuban Oppositioners’ Conciliatory Tone May Lead to Political Peace leaders seem to seek a normalcy, reporter says HAVANA —(UP)— A restora- | nature from interviews with them: | Prio: ‘I have always desired and I shall desire a peaceful end to current lack of political normalcy. | I hope that Cuba may return to civilized life— without further ___ | associate GENERAL STRIKE CRIPPLES CH Bolivian Ambassador Urges Promotion Inter-American System” | “Development of backward countries must be | | | promoted to strengthen a0: | RICHMOND, Indiana—(UP)The Bolivian ambassador the U.S. told listeners here that helping its back- ward member nations to develop was the necessary element in any effort to turn the inter-American system into an organization for guaranteeing the peace. Ambassador Victor Andrade | made the above statement during | the course of an address delivered | before the Foreign Affairs Insti- tute of Earlham College here. | The diplomat said that there is | a generalized idea in Latin Ameri- ‘ca that the U.S. has neglected that part of the world and that al- though the opinion is unjustified, jit has vigorous support in many | Latin American nations. “If we want the inter-Ameri- can system to become a strong- hold for peace,” the ambassador said, “the development of back- ward countries must be promot- ed. However, the other nations must not play the role of mere | helpers of the U.S.; they must exploit their resources as quick- ly as they can, Whatever may be the fate which destiny has laid out for us, the inter-American strength it can summon up. The | phere cannot go on groveling in | the shadow of poverty and ignor- | ance.” Ambassador Andrade also said | that the U.S. shouldn't distract its | attention from the Americas in order to devote it exclusively to other world areas. He added that | the Communists have asserted that according to Marxian theory, the |only way for backward nations to | throw off their poverty is by en- | gaging in a class struggle in which Communism would triumph, An- drade countered that the world must be shown that ‘the weak can themselves with the | strong on the basis of nutual assist- lance and mutual trust until the weak become strong.” After asserting that the U.S. is not an imperialistic power because it has no desire to annex new territory, the ambassador went on | to say: “I believe I am reflecting the feelings of many Latin Ameri- | cans when I say that your sins— | if they can be described as such —are as far as we are concerned, | sins of ommission. They are sins | of negligence and indifference. | | We don’t believe that you are | trying to exploit us. Although critics agree that you don’t want to exploit us, however, they say | tion and a good investment in the event it were offered under proper condi tions, and as an example of what he meant he cited the case of his own country—the only tin-produc ing nation in the hemisphere. Andrade said: “For a good part of World War II Bolivia was the allies’ only source of tin. It might also be the U.S.’ only source in a not very distant future. “For this reason the preserva utilization of Bolivian tin mines should be a matter of prime importance to the United States. “Nevertheless, the U.S. main tains that it has a lot of tin al- ready stockpiled and that it may close down its Texas City, Texas tin smelter which was built in wartime to refine Bolivian tin ore | With another crisis on the horizon, |we can’t understand why anyone | wants to shut the smelter plant down. We feel that it is necessary to keep it operating for utiliza- tion of Bolivian ores and main tenance of maximum out in Boli via.” (The Texas City plant only one of its kind in the Wes’ ern Hemisphere. The ambassador made his statements before learn- ing that the U.S. government had asked Congress for authorization to sell the smelter plant.) is LOCAL TALKS ON PANAMA ADJOURNED Panamanian government re- presentatives who arrived here during the week-end to part- icipate in official talks with colleagues of theirs who have been carrying on treaty neg- otiations in Washington for some time left Sunday night for Panama. The group included ex Pres- idents Dr. Harmodio Arias and Dr. Ricardo J. Alfaro and Comptroller General Henrique Obarrio, Ambassadors Octavio Fabre- ga, Roberto Heurtematte and Carlos Sucre, who make up the negotiations commission in Washington, returned there Monday. The meeting took place in Miami because of this area’s strategic location astride north south airways. The results of the meeting of consultation held over the the | of a Strong and United Hemisphere ‘Steps to Prevent Wet Back Problems Asked by Labor NUEVO LAREDO. Mexico — (UP) Discussions have come to an end in a meeting held by ree presentatives from the AFL, t CIO, the Confederation fo Me can Workers and independent la- bor unions in the United States and Mexico. The conference last ed three days. The representatives reached the conclusion that the new U. S. x licy of recruiting Mexican labore in border areas “ is creating seri- ous problems.” The conference |passed a resolution recommending that recruiting centers be relocat- ed in interior areas of Mexico so as to prevent the concentration of workers along the Rio Grande and other border points of the U. S. The resolution also requested an inc) in the number of recruit ing centers At one time the U. S. did all its recruiting in inland parts of Mexico, but this year it changed its policy and started to recruit along the border shared by it and Mexico. The resolution also asked ernment agencies “not to e gerate” in their publicity cam- paigns about prospects of avail- able employment | Another conference — resolution requested that the unions be al- lowed to sit in as advisory units on the joint Mexican-U, S. migra- tory labor commission recently set up. The labor leaders announced that they would keep on insisting that Mexican laborers be allowed to organize and elect collective bargaining agents. They also pro- mised to publicize any ill treat- ment received by the Mexican workers “so that the guilty ones may be tried in court.” LESS COFFEE FROM BRAZIL ANTICIPATED NEW YORK (UP)—Hopes for a sharp drop in coffee prices have dimmed with the announce that Brazil expects to export less coffee in the coming fiscal ar than in the year ending June 30. Horacio Cintra Leite, U.S. rep- resentative of the Brazilian Coffee Institute, said the total export r ending cannot be expected ase gov- action taken by the American government unhappily arouses criticism in the Latin American sector, the + people of this country are unable to explain to themselves the reason why, for they know but little about the inter-American policies of their govern- ment—policies which have bearing on relations with twenty other nations that are sound allies and stout) week-end will very likely be made known by the Panam- anian government in an of- ficial communiqué to be issued soon. len pacing the plain. Taking it as| The political opposition —men | bloodshed— through reflection | a heavenly sign, the Bishop decid-| headed by ex-President Carlos | and disinterest.” ed to found a city on the site|Prio Socarras whose government) Hevia: “All Cubanas want politi- | and to call it “of the angels”. It | was overthrown by Batista’s mili- cal peace based on democracy, was not long after the downfall of | tary coup— is still resentful, al- | popular welfare and- human digni- the Aztec Empire that the Spani-| though the revolutionary tone of | ty.” ards decided to build a town mid-|pronouncements stemming from/ Pujol : “Batista must agree to way between the capital and the | centers of opposition in Miami ja patriotic accord in order to have | Veracruz coast, which would give | during the past two years seems a national reconciliation.” ‘14,400,000 bags.” sports for the cu nt year, h ends this June 30, are ex- pected. to approximate 17 million bags. designed te promote a strong and united hemisphere.” Andrade said that any aid which | the U.S. extended to Latin Ameri- | ca wouldn't be cahrity, but rather | | that you lack any sound plan | | | friends. For their own good, the White House and, the Department of State would do well to publicize to the fullest extent possible all reports of progress on official attitudes, diplomatic talks and activities in general carried on by the government of the U. S. with its Latin American neighbors, both collectively and separately. BEGINNERS’ SPANISH BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the The Preterit Indicative (El The Spanish imperfect indicative and the Spanish preterit indi- eative are equivalent to the The Spanish preterit indicative of hablar, leer and escribir are: yo hablé . ta usted, él, ella nosotros, -as vosotros -as ustedes, ellos, ellas hablo hablar. hablaste hablamos hablasteis University of Miami, Fla. pretérito de indicativo). Englash past indicative. lei leiste leyé leimos leisteis leyeron escribi escribiste escribié escribimos escribisteis ‘on escribieron The Spanish preterit indicative is used to express: 1. a completed and finished past action. Maria leyé mucho 2 a repeated past action when it is considered as a complete unit. Me escrmibié cinco veces el mes pasado times last month. The imperfect indicative and the preterit indicative are. also used “for description. The Regular Verbs (Los There are three Spanish regular conjugations, which may be il- Mary was reading much verbos regulares). .. lustrated by the following verbs: First conjugation: hablar. . Ending: ar. Second conjugation: comer. Ending: er. Third conjugation: The Spanish verbs the verbs. —_ recibir (to receive). Ending: ir. ‘e conjugated by adding certain endings to the stem. The endings indicate the person, number and tenses of He wrote me five greater security to the capital, and at the same time give employment and residence to a number of “con- | quistadores”. On the advice of Bi- shop Garces, the site chosen was a fertile valley, flanked by volcanos on the west, by the Sierra Nevada on the North and. by the Malitzin on the east. And so, Puebla of the Angels was founded. built the first huts of adobe and wood, but the settlement prosper- ed rapidly, became an important industrial center, second only to | Mexico City. Charles V granted to ‘it a coat of arms with the inscrip- tion: “God sent His Angels to guard all your roads.” At an early date Puebla became distinguished for its religious spirit. Magnificent churches were built, and by the end of the colonial period the city boasted 60 temples. Independence hero Agustin de Iturbide, at the head of his victorious army, enter- ed Puebla on August 2, 1821, and from there marched on to the cap- ital of New Spain, to achieve com- plete independence for the coun- try that today is Mexico. Spanish Version Pag. 3 Formal Statement is Handed to Costa Rica FORE MERA ...MANAGUA. (UP) Nicaraguan. Ambassador to Costa Rica Doc- tor Lorenzo Guerrero who arriv- ed here last week has returned to San Jose with a “formal state- ment” for that country’s for- eign office drafted on the basis of information provided by the “legionnaires” who were captur- ed in Nicaragua in connection with the abortive plot against President Somoza and his family. in 1531,/ Indians from Tlaxcala and Cholula | not only to have diminished but | even to have been replaced by a more conciliatory one. In the most recent statements made by the more prominent ex- iled opposition leaders —from Prio and his main co-workers down to their lieutenants— the tone is now free from the bitter- ness which had characterized every previous swipe at the Batis- ta régime. The five main opposition leaders recently told a United Press cor- respondefit in Miami that the hour of political peace in Cuba may lie at hand. dential candidate Carlos Hevia, ex- Vice President Guillermo Alonso Pujol, former Premier Antonio Varona and Ortodosxo party lead- er Emilio Ochoa. All of them rei- | terated their opposition ot Batis- | ta. However, all of them likewise indicated for the first time that they were willing to forget their political differences if the gener- al welfare of the nation required it. Commenting on _ concessions made by Batista as a preliminary step for presidential elections to be held next November —includ- ing repeal of the public order de- cree-law— the opposition leaders described these concessions as “in- adequate” and “fakes”. The astonisheing thing, however, was that all of them seemed to agree that the time had come to seek a formula for peace that would enable Cuba to return to political normalcy, The new way of thinking of the exiles is better evidenced by the ‘following quotations of pertinent University law school. Among the five —in addition to- | Prio— there were former presi- | Varona: “Cuba must have a de- corous agreement which has been ‘reached in good faith, among all |its political parties.” | Ochoa: “A national political set- | tlement must be patriotic and sin- cere... We want political peace for all and with all.” Colombian-U. S. C. of C. Names ‘New President David E. Grant, senior partner in the law firm of Grant and Her- man and foreign counsel for Pan |American World Airways, was [elected president of the Colom. |bian-American Chamber of Com- merce, Inc. in New York. Grant has been a vice president and director of the 28-year-old or- ganization which is devoted to promoting better commercial and cultural relations between the | United States and Colombia. Prominent for many years in | Latin American affairs, Grant in 1951 served as president of the Brazilian American Association. For his work With this organiza- tion he was made a Commander of the Order of the Southern Cross, the highest honor granted to a foreigner by the Brazilian government. Grant has specialized in Latin American law in his New York City practice since 1925. He is a) graduate of the College of the Ci- The point is to determi LONDON —(UP)— Talks be- tween the top-ranking cabinet mi- | nisters of Britain and Argentina | opened today and will range over the whole field of Anglo-Argen- tine relations with particular em- phasis on trade and payments questions. | Dr. Jeronimo Remorino, Argen-| tine foreign minister and Dr. Go- mez Morales, Minister of Econo- mie Affairs, arrived in London Monday night heading the Argen- | tine delegation. Selwyn Lloyd, mi- nister of state ‘at the foreign of- | fice who will act in Foreign Sec- | retary Anthony Eden’s absence in | Geneva, R. A. Butler, chancellor | of the exchequer, and Peter Thor- | neycroft, president of the board of trade, will head the British team. Government officials in London | have stressed that the talks will | be of a wide-ranging and explora- tory nature and that any precise negotiations on a trade pact would follow later. The delegations will discuss the main lines along which.a new) trade and payments agreement, | may later be negotiated. | ty of New York and Columbia sively and lectured at City Col-| So far as trade is concerned, a | the changed pattern of British | ine how private British traders will negotiate with a gov't monopoly | BRIG Sic: AG aah any gentine bulk trading policy. The five—year trade and pay- ments agreement signed in 1949 between the two countries expires on June 30 and the arrangements for regularing Anglo-Argentine trade thereafter clearly have to be at least discussed before that date. The economic climate has changed considerably in the five years since the agreement was negotiated. The fact that leading cabinet ministers are conduct- | ing the talks has made for hopes here that a serious effort will be made to solve some at least of the problems which have be- devilled the trading relations of the two countries recently. Since the war there has been | a gradual decline in British inter- est in Argentina partly as a re-| sult of Argentine unwillingness to allow greater remittances to Bri- ‘tain from United Kingdom firms there. The British government is expected to press once more for |the resumption of these remitt- ances from Argentina of earnings of past British investments in that country. Transfers at present are about three years in arrears. | Another factor has been the Ar- | University. He has written exten-| big problem will be to decide how | gentine practice of concentrating on imports of steel, coal, and lege and is now professor of La-| trading, under which private en-/ sterling petroleum while not im- tin American law at New York |terprise is taking over from the | plementing her promises to grant | state, can harmonize with the Ar- licenses for increased quantities of SERIOUS EFFORTS BEING MADE TO SOLVE BRITISH- ARGENTINE ECONOMIC TROUBLES “non-essential” imports from the United Kingdom This policy of the Argentine government was based on a short age of sterling which now appears to be at an end. Although Ar- gentina’s sterling balances have been falling recently, they are still fairly healthy. British trade with Argentina has been rising in the past three months, while im- ports from Argentina, mainly of hide, skins, wool, and cotton have also been running well In London the, main bargaining counters on the British side are considered to be the greater world availability of meat and grain and the British ministers are not ex- | pected to grant many concessio! without definite Argentine assur- ances of better treatment of Bri- | tish interests. Trade discussions will hinge mainly on the question of meat. Although Argentine meat bought on British government account will continue to be ship- ped after the end of June be- cause of delays in delivery, some new formula will be needed in the future with the British meat hands. Hew private British trad- ers will negotiate with a govern- ment monopoly is not yet clear to importers here. But they will probably have more scope for negotiation than was open to the British government, parti- cularly since world meat sup- plies are more adequate than was once the case.