Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 26, 1954, Page 8

.- o: THE WEATHER : Increasing scattered showers north portion Friday. cloudiness, MIAMI, FLA., FRIDAY, MARCH. 26, 1954. EDITORIAL OAS AGENCIES .MUST NOT. PUT OFF UNTIL} TOMORROW WHAT CAN BETTER BE DONE TODAY The inter-American regional system has failed to, show greater progress in the field of practical accomplishments because of dilatory tactics which haye been engaged in by people who find it to their interest to have a deferment imposed on discussion of important matters that have been presented to the various inter-American: system agencies for cons- ideration by these bodies, These deferments, for the most part, stem from intentional political considerations. At the same ‘time, however, it must be confessed that another reason for this alarming state of affairs involves the fact that the despective OAS agencies have al- lowed many of the proposals handed to them to gather dust in agency and commission files where the proposals have been conveniently pigeonholed. ft The inter-American system will not go forward, but will suffer setbacks and harm, and the teachings of Pan Americanism will be stalemated if the various agencies which make up the Organization of Amer- ican States fail to perform their duties swiftly and effectively. Inter-American conference should make a prac- tice of requesting OAS agencies and study commis- sions to render their reports in conformity with a previously fixed deadline, and the Council of the OAS should exercise vigilance in seeing to it that the various OAS agencies and specialized bodies carry out their work in an efficient manner. Further- more, there should be no hedging in regard to placing current issues of pressing nature on the agenda of coming conference whose duty it is to discuss such issues. One could easily conclude that the inter-Amer- ican regional system is suffering from certain basic difficulties as far as concerns efficient operation, if he were to make a count of all the proposals and resolutions that have failed of proper consideration because of the dilatory, tactics exercised by inter- ested parties and because of the indifference displayed by specially appointed study commissions and other OAS agencies. In view of the above, then, the peoples and governments of this hemisphere should have it impressed on them that the OAS machinery must not be allowed to become rusty from disuse caused by indefinite deferments and indif- ference, which in their turn cause the dynamic ef- fectiveness of Pan Americanism in practice to slow down and grind to a halt. “It must constantly be kept in mind that the jOrganization of American States is a body worthy of the highest consideration and that the OAS will enjoy prestige only if its specialized agencies and eommissions don’t eschew their clearly defined obligation to give careful study to matters submit- ted to them for consideration, acting on them with clam thinking and ‘within a reasonable lenght of| time. : RE STP RE PY SR SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS BY G. B. Palacin ne J For a better understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY For Liberty, Culture and: Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 220 X CONFERENCE ADJOURNING SUNDAY Well Known Cuban Communist Leader Gets New Instructions from Moscow His work connected with the recently ‘begun campaign of the “‘pro-Guatemala Committee” _—_—_—OO- HABANA —(UP).—Cuban com munist leader Lazaro Pena has been ordered behind the Iron Cur- tain for fresh instruction from Moscow. Pena left Havana by air early Saturday for Vienna, via Amster- dam, and presumably will con- tinue to Moscow by rail. Although the Communist lead- er is wanted by police on crim- inal sedition charges, no effort was made to prevent his depart- ure. Only his wife saw him off KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ BRAZIL, the largest country in the Pan American Union, has an area of 3,288,045 square miles, and an estimated population of 53,000,000. Occupying slightly less than one half of South America, it is large enough to hold the United States, with room left over for an extra Texas. it has the largest river in the world, the Amazon; two waterfalls, Iguassu, and Paulo Alfonso, that’ are high- er than Niagara; an island at the mouth of the Amazon Marajo, that is larger than Belgium. Brazil grows more than half of the world’s coffee and beans, and cot- ton, cacao and medicinal plants are also among the large items of export. The potential resour- ces of Brazil are such, that no- body ventures to estimate them. They include varied mineral de- posits, an enormous. hydroelec- tric potencial. The unexploited agricultural and forest regions are the largest in the world. Brazil is the fourth largest country in the world, exceeded only by Russia, China and Canada. The language spoken is portuguese, and he form of government is a republic. —o—- RIO DE JANEIRO, the capital, is considered one of the most beautiful cities in the wortd. It is the chief port of entry and one of the greatest shipping centers in Latin America, and covers over 60 square miles, in a Federal Dis- trict of 523 square miles. With a population of more than 2,500,000, it is the second largest city in Latin America. The beautiful en- trance to the city is guarded by the Sugar Loaf mountain, and has in the bay about 80 Suger loaf is 1,200 feet high, and looks like a huge granite cone at the entrance of the bay. There is also Corcovado (Hunchback), the summit of which is crowned by a gigantic statue of Christ the Redeemer. The views from these two spots are something that the visitor never. forgets. The beach of Copacabana is talked about all over the world, and has the famed mosaic sidewalks, white sand and urquoise water. At Petropolis, 27 miles from Rio De Janeiro, is the fabulous Hotel Quitandinha, one Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. LESSON 51 (b) DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (ESTILO DIRECTO E 1 In the “direct speech the words of the speaker or writer are given as they were spoken or written. Examples: Maria dijo: Yo estuve en Cuba. Mary said: I was in Cuba. Carlos dice: Mi padre ‘es abogado Charles says: My father is a lawyer. 2 In the indirect speech the words of the speaker or writer are given indirectly. Examples: Maria dijo que ella ha estado (0 estuvo) en Cuba. Mary said : Carlos dice que su padre es abogado. Charles says that his father is a lawyer. : “3 The verbal tense, and sometimes the person, change when a ‘sentence is changed from direct to indirect speech. The sequence of tenses is important. when changing from direct to indirect speech. Im the indirect speech the two clauses are connected by que. Change the following sentences from direct te indirect speech. She says: I want to eat. He says: I shall study much. Charles says: I shall go to California. The mother said: We can not got to California. Mary told me: John will come tomorrow. Charles told his father: I like to go to California. Dr. Fernandez said: We can not go there. I told him: You are my friend. He told me: You are also my friend. Bepveseeny of the most beautiful and most luxurious in the world, which very often serves as meeting place of diplomatic conferences. The pre- sident has a permanent suit there. Not far from there is the royal palace built by the last Emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro II, which is now the Imperial Museum. The royal jewels can be seen there Thursdays and Saturdays. The at- tractive business and residential streets, the well planned drives along the waterfront, the tropical parks, the towering modern build- ings, all proclaim a splendid me- tropolis worthy of its superlative- ly beautiful natural surroundings. Rio de Janeiro was discovered the Portuguese navigator André Goncalves, who named it “River of January”, in the belief that Guanabara Bay was the mouth of a large river. —_o—- SA OPAULO, with a population of over 2,000,000, is the third largest city in South America, and one of the fastest growing in the world. Fifty years ago had only about 200,000 inhabitants, and ten years ago was known mainly as the largest coffee center. More coffee still passes through hat city than any other in the world, but now it is known better as the largest industrial center in South America. Located at forty miles from the port of Santos, islands. * it |tallurgical products. It is also be- stands at an elevation of 2,500 | coming an important center of \ at the airport. It was Pena’s sixth trip abroad on a Cuban passport in less than 20 months, As on previous oc¢a- sions, his airline fare was paid) in cash in Europe, behind the Iron | Curtain, and his ticket sent here. Informed sources said Pena’s present trip is to “explain” the party’s present position in Cuba to Cominform leaders and to learn the new party line on so- called “aid to Guatemala.” In “retirement” since the par- ty was outlawed earlier this year, Cuban Communist leaders came out from underground last week long enough to throw their weight behind a “Pro-Gua- temala Committee” ostensibly formed by the University Stu- dents Federation. Signers of a committee “proc- lamation” attacking the Caracas conference included Juan Marine- llo, former party president, and Flavio Bravo, its “youth leader.” Other Communist signers in- cluded Candelaria Rodriguez, sent by the party behind the “Bamboo | Curtain” in Korea to “investigate” germ warfare charges; Carlos Ra- | fael Rodriguez, a former cabinet member; Vicente Gonzalez, who used the pseudonym of “Esmeril” to write in “Hoy”; Mirta Aguirre, also a staff member of the former Communist organ, opposition po- litical leaders and so-called “lib- eral” elements. Pena, former labor leader, is vice president and executive board member of the Cuban Com- munist party. He is also head of | its important “politburo”, His last known trip to Moscow for “political instruction” was in June, 1952, after Cuba and Soviet Russia broke relations. However, since that fime he has “visited” Mexico, Switzerland, Austria, Ar- gentina and Chile, among other countries. Pena is the first important Cu- ban Communist figure to go be- hind the Iron Curtain this year. Last Cuban Communists to leave for Europe for “orientation” were Joaquin Odroqui, former congress- man, and Edith Garcia Buchaca, leader of the party’s women’s af- filiate. Ordoqui and Garcia Buchaca also left by air for Vienna osten- sibly to attend a “peace congress.” In Vienna they joined fellow- Communists Nicolas Guillen and Fidel Domenech. British Raid Red Spots in Jamaica KINGSTOM, Jamaica. —(UP)— Great Britain has taken steps aga- inst Communism in a third of her Caribbean area colonies. After adopting security measures in British Guiana and British Hon- duras, British authorities seized offices belonging to the Commu- unanimousl CARACAS —(UP)— The juri- dical-political Tenth Interamerican Conference neared the end of its agenda with good prospedts that it could com- plete its. work without delaying the close of the Tenth Inter-Ame- rican Conference beyond Sunday. The commission was so far be- hind its schedule earlier in the week that there was talk of post- poning the close of the conferen- it to finish its work. The commission finally approv- ed a document enunciating de- mocratic principles which may be- come “the Declaration of Caracas” and also referred to the Council of the Organization of American States the responsibility of draft- ing statutes for the Inter-Ameri- can Peace Commission. Those actions made it ready to receive from its general subcom- mission a report on the work that group, composed of representa- tives of the 20 delegations at the conference, has been doing. The subcommission has drafted proposed texts of conventions on territorial and diplomatic asylum. Since all delegations were re- presented on it, there was hope prove the documents with a mini- mum off discussion. The subcommission also dispos- ed of one item of its agenda by referring it to the Council of the Organization. That was the draft- ing of a protocol to the Havana convention on the duties rights of states in the event of civil strife. mission, which completed its work Tuesday, was awaiting final drafts of its documents from the draft- sent them to a conference plena- ry for final approval. The following is the text of a declaration of principles for strengthening democracy and social justice —already becoming known unofficially as the Declara- tion of Caracas— which was ap- proved by the political-juridical commission of the Tenth Inter- American Conference. “The Tenth Inter-American Conference Reaffirms: The fundamental principles and purposes of the charter of the Or- ganization of American States, of the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of resolution of the Organization which allude to these commission of the | ce until March 30 or 31 to enable | that the full commission would ap- | and | Meanwhile, the economic com- | ing commission im order to pre-| Text of “The Declaration of Caracas’’ y approved —— Work of commissions nearing an end pe a EE {principles and purposes; Reiterates: Acknowledgement of the in- |alienable rights of each American (state to choose freely its own way of life in adherence to the effective exercise of representa- tive democracy as a means of maintaining its political sovereign- ty, attaining its economic inde- pendence and living its own social and cultural life, without either direct or indirect interference on the part of any other state or group of states in its domestic or foreign affairs, and ‘in parti- cular, without interference on the part of any form of totalitaria- nism; Renews: The conviction of the American nations that one of the most ef- fective means or strengthening their democratic institutions con- |sists of reinforcing respect for man’s individual and collective rights without any kind of differ- entiation, and of maintaining and promoting an effective policy of economic welfare and social jus- tice designed to raise the standard of living for their peoples, and: Resolves: To unite. the efforts of all the American nations in order to ap- ply, develop and perfect the prin- ciples enunciated above so that they may constitute the founda- tion of strong, united attion aim- ed at attaining as soon as possi- ble the effective realization of a system of representative demo- ecracy, the reign of social justice and social security and the reign of economic and cultural coopera- tion which are essential to the joint welfare and prosperity of the peoples of this hemisphere.” Guatemala, which abstained . at first from voting on the bove measure, later changed its posi- tion and voted affirmatively on the proposal. By Guatemala’s action the de- claration received the unanimous approval of all twenty nations at- tending the conference. U. S. Fishermen Charged With Piracy in Peru PAITA, Peru —(UP)— United States fishing vessels are again in- vading Peruvian territorial waters and engaging in “piracy against fishing wealth”, according to a complainst filed with maritime authorities. The American vessel Julia B. was also accused of ramming a peruvian fishing boat and refus- ing to give it aid after the crash. WASHINGTON —(UP)— Se- nator Henry C. Dworshak of Ida- ho introduced legislation for giving the domestic beet sugar producers an additional 200,000 ton share of the United States sugar market. Dworshak said it seemed “only fair and reasonable” that domes- nist party in Kingston, Jamaica and also entered the home of a Red leader who once was almost deported from the United States. Security police confiscated re- cords, books and papers from the Communist offices and from the home of Ferdinand C. Smith, un- der secretary of the pro-Communist World Federation of Trade Unions. According to the police, among papers seized by them were found lists of Federation members and names of persons who up to then had never been suspected of hav- ing connections with Communism. Smith had become one of the leaders of the National Maritime Union in the United States. He left the country in 1951 when authorities were about to deport him for subversive activities and because they considered him to be a dangerous foreigner. Smith first entered the United States as a stowaway in 1919 at New Orleans. products manufactured in Sao Paulo are textiles, furniture, pro- cessed foods, drugs and chemicals, clothing and shoes, paints and ce- ment, electrical apparatus, and me- feet over sea level. Among the movies aud plastic industries. tie producers have the chance to provide the extra 200,000 tons of sugar authorized by last week’s increase of the United States con- sumption estimate to 8,200,000 tons. As things stand now, the fede- ral sugar act would award all of that increase to Cuba, the Domi- nican Republic, Peru and the other so-called “full duty” coun- tries. Last month Florida and Louisi- ana congressmen had introduced legislation in both houses, calling for a 100,000 ton increase of the mainland cane quota. Efforts to secure congressional hearings on those measures encountered stiff beet state opposition and indica- tion that bee state congressmen would not go along with helping Florida and Louisiana unless their | tee own industries could be similarly benefitted. The dworshak bill would ‘in- crease the mainland beet quota from 1,800,000 tons to 2,00,000. The senator’s home ‘state of Idaho has substantial sugar beet pro- duction. In a statement following his ac- tion of yesterday, Dworshak recall- ed that “only recently the depart- ment of agriculture announced that under the existing sugar act it was allotting an additional 200, 000 tons to foreign producers, pri- marily in Cuba.” : ADDITIONAL 200,000 TON SHARE FOR DOMESTIC BEET SUGAR REQUESTED Sen. Dworshak of Idaho introduced legislation ee “The purpose of my bill,” Dwor- shak said, “is to assist our farmers. Since the estimated need for do- mestic consumption of sugar has been increased by=+200,000 tons to 8,200,000 tons, it could seem only fair and reasonable that growers in this country be given an opportunity to provide extra tonnage. “In Idaho, and elsewhere in the west, many farmers are in a di- lemma because wheat acreage al- lotment restrictions and an unfa- vorable market for potatoes are forcing them to turn to wider di- versification in crops. “But even here they are stymi- ed by restrictions, such as those inherent in the existing sugar quotas. In view of the increased consumption of sugar, there is no reason why they should not be al- lowed to raise a limited sugar of sugar beet.” Dworshak sought to’ strengthen his case by quoting testimony given by secretary of agriculture Ezra T. ede at senate tbe ture approp ions | sul ymmit i and reported by the United Press at that time. Wworshak called attention to the following Benson statements: Senator Dworshak, are with our domestic producers.” 2. “We probably will... go be- yond it :over-produce the main- land United States sugar quota.) Of course, we do have some obli- gations to these other sup- pliers. We will have to look at the whole picture. I would be inclin- ed to go a long way in helping our producers.” — MANY DELEGATES SKEPTICAL ABOUT RESULTS OF CARACAS CONFERENCE Some say that “little or nothing has been accomplished, economically speaking” t- | in, 1. “My sympathies, naturally, |: CARACAS —(UP)— Many of the Latin American delegates who took part'in the economic debates of the Tenth Inter-American Con- ference are asking themselves whether they have made progress or, gone. backward at Caracas in comparison with previous inter- American conferences. Some with a reticent air, while others quite frankly -like Ecuadorean Foreign Minister Luis Antonio Penaherre- Ta- told the United Press that “little or nothing has been ac- complished, . economically speak- ing, at. Caracas.” The Argentine, Uruguayan, Chi- lean and Brazilian delegations, for example, maintain that the most far reaching decisions are to come out of the conference of economy and treasury ministers to take place later in the year at Rio de Janeiro in conjunction with the fourth session of the Inter-Ame- rican Economic and Social Coun- cil. Debates in the present confer- ence economic commission brought out two points: First, the Latin American na- tions are miffed at the unlimited aid that the United States is ex- tending to Europe, and to NATO countries in particular. Secondly, the United States is willing to lift tariff restrictions whenever other countries do like- Wise. ‘The strongest charge to be hurl- ed against the United States came from Mexican delegate Torres Gai- tan, when he asserted that the United States had violated the principle -of fairness implicit in inter-American . cooperation “by giving unlimited aid to North Atlantic Pact countries while ap- plying discriminatory practices against Latin American nations.” The American -reaction to this charge came four days later when the economic commision was ab- out to ‘finish its-work. Samuel An- derson from the U. S. explained that his country had given prefer- ential aid to .European countries, “on the basis of strictly military cooperation.” He said that the purpose of the Marshall Plan was to seek the re- construction of European nations which had been devastated y war. “At this moment a military- economic program is underway for the purpose of preventing foreign ideologies from infiltrag- ing European nations whose eee nomies are in a bad way,” Andér son said. ee ‘The issue centering around the’ lifting of tariff restrictions pro- voked lengthy debates which be: gan as soon as the Caracas con- ference opened, and they lasted until the very moment the econo mic commission closed its discus- sions. Sixteen Latin American na- tions voted to oblige the United States to accept a proposal spon- sored by Venezuela and Mexico involving “the elimination of all hindrances and restrictions on im- ports of raw materials.” Cuba sided with the United States by- voting against the proposal. Conference halls have heard a report circulating to the effect that the United States will make a last minute effort to have the plenary session of the conference change the final wording of resolution. : Freddy Muller of Venezuela;! however, who was the strongest defender of removing restri on imports, told the United 5 “Such a step will be difficult, it seems to me. It’s a shame that this conference has seen fit te pass such @ resolution without the concurrence of the United States.” Another Latin American, dele- gate, who asked to remain. anony- mous, commented, “The resolu- tion is useless, because the country against which it’s aimed has al- ready said: ‘No.”” MEXICO AND VENEZUELA WIN FIGHT FOR RAW MATERIALS AND IMPORTS The U. S.—resisted proposal approved by 16 votes CARACAS. —(UP)— The eco- nomic commission of the Tenth Inter-American Conference ended up its work by putting its stamp of approval on a proposal pre- sented by Mexico and Venezuela which notified the United States “to do away, with restrictions of any sort on raw materials and to refrain from engaging in discri- minatory. practices in regard to imports of such. products.” The proposal, which had been resisted by' the United States ever since if’ was first’ introduced Be- fore the commission, was forced on the United’ States delegation during the last” moments of the final. session held by the econo- mic commission by acount of 16 Latin American nations in favor. Cuba sided with the United States in, yoting against the measure, while Haiti and Paraguay were ab- sent from the final vote. With the approval of the above proposal ‘and ‘another sponsored by Chile in regard to trade in strategic materials, delegates on the conference economic com- mission finished their work after having approved twenty-one other measures. SS DUNLOP OPENS NEW PLANT IN BRAZIL CAMPINAS —(UP)— Dunlop of Brazil, a local subsidiary of the London Dunlop Rubber Company, has inaugurated ita: new $2,500, 000 factory here. The company will. produce all types-.of -rubber, products includ- g,auto tires. * Bethe The plant, which was built in 18 months, represents one of the largest investments made by Great Britain in Brazit since the end of World War. It. . gt Argentina And Holland To Sign Exchange Pact BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— The Argentine Foreign Minister has announced that a three -year com- mercial. agreement will be signed between this country and Holland for $104,000,000 in merchandise and products, probably. during the The controversial Chilean pro- posal advocating tonsultation’ be- fore classifying any materials as “strategic” received last minute support by the United States: fol- lowing several changes which bro- ught the proposal into line with principles enunciated in ‘a resolu- tion passed by the Fourth Meet- ing of Foreign Ministers held in Washington in 1951. j The Chilean proposal was .ap- proved by a count of 18 in favor and two abstentions —Guatemala and Mexico. The United States tried to: get Venezuela and Mexico to modify their original proposals having to do with elimination of trade res- trictions. The debate was hel@ up so that a compromise of view points might be reached, but whem that failed the vote was taken. Sar muel Waugh, the American dele- gate, described the proposal as “one sided” and as “not serving multilateral purposes.” Businessmen from: Argentina Visit United States pee ae Sede BUENOS AIRES — (UP) — A ten-member economic mission will leave by plane for the United States on April 6 to bring about an increased trade between that country and Argentina. - The mission, which is being sent by the Confederacion Gene- ral Economica, will study Ameri- can-Argentine trade with several United States businessmen. The group’ will be headed by Francisco Muro de Nadal, vice- president of Central Empresaria and will include the president of the Confederacion de la Produc- cion, Gaston Aldo Solari; the pre- sident of the Confederacion de la Industria, Dr. Eduardo C. Verardo; the president of the Buenos Aires stock exchange, Enrique Lutjqh- ann; printer and publisher Dr. Guillermo Kraft; Juan E. G. Peters; Pedro Garcia Oliver, Dr. Jose Tomas Sojo; Alberto Rodri- guez Larreta and ley cena Racero, “>