Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 4, 1954, Page 8

Partly cluody, little temperature change through Thursday. MIAMI, FLA., THURSDAY FEBRUARY 4, 1954. EDITORIAL THE UNITED STATES AND ITS CHANGED POLICY IN KOREA ™- Jn recent months American foreign policy has undergone re-orientation as far as problems stem- iming from Soviet imperialistic drives are concerned, and this new position has had a decisive effect on both strong and resolute. ‘Firm attitudes by President Eisenhower and | Secretary of State John Foster Dulles have backed up statements made previously by the two of them, and this new position has had a decisive affect on ‘American foreign policy as regards the Far East. It is too much to say that the problem represent- eg by Korea has been satisfactorily settled, yet it is evident that Soviet pretensions have been blocked. In other situations similar to that presently facing the United States in the Korean area, the Soviet Union has been aggressive to the point of hurling challenges at the United States and the whole Western world. The real reason for such past hostile maneuverings is that the Soviets had never exper- inced a firm attitude on the part of American diplomatic representatives. : While it is proper for the United States to try to avoid open hostilities in the management of its international policy, at the same time this country cannot go to the extreme of surrendering to the armony. The United States is still endeavoring to majntain peace and tranquility with every resource at4its command, yet it is evident that the Americans are not willing to tolerate Soviet abuses and to per- mit further dangerous inroads by Soviet imperialism rough. having failed to adopt vigorous and res- olute policies. It isn’t fair to ask the United States in the name ef peace to sacrifice its security in the face of an enemy that will stoop to any depth necessary in order to achieve its aims. Universal freedom and human dignity are the two interests which require that the United States be watchful to see that international justice and democratic methods are respected. This responsibility is what makes it necessary for the United States to sally forth against an enemy which while wishing to do so without provoking a conflagration, seeks to extend its con- trol over a world henceforth doomed to Communist domination and totalitarianism. iy SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS By G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. LESSON 40 (d) la) comunicacién communication gastar to spend; also to waste and g¢ dirigieron of dirigirse to make to use one’s way to; dirigir to direct (el) dinero money Bellas Artes Fine Arts discuten of discutir to discuss atrae of atraer to attract (la) fecha date Entre Nueva York y Filadlefia hay una excelente comunicacién por ferrocarril y el doctor Fernandez y Carlos han querido aprove- eharla para visitar la ciudad en que naciéd realmente la nacién. El viaje ha sido s6lo de dos dias. Salieron de Nueva. York a las nueve y media de la mafana y apenas hora y media después ya estaban ea Filadelfia. Pasaron allf-el dia, la noche y la mafiana siguiente, y por Jatarde se dirigieron en tren a Boston. En Filadelfia, padre e hijo visitaron lo mas importante, sin olvidar la Casa de Allan Poe, la Academia de Bellas Artes y, por supuesto, el Independence Hall. Carlos cada dia tiene mas interés por conocer ciudades de los Estados Unidos. Por eso; ya hacia Boston, le dice a su padre: Carlos:—Si ti quieres podemos pasar en este pais dos sema- Ras*m4s y en ese tiempo podemos ver otras ciudades. Dr. Fernandez:— Me parece que eres un magnifico turista. dénde quieres ir ahora? ‘Carl Pues me gustaria ir a Chicago, por ejemplo, después de estar en Boston y de ver las Cataratas del Niagara; y desde Chicago < mos ir a Nueva Orleans, que es una ciudad que me atrae mucho. Dr. Fernandez:—;No quieres pasar otra vez por Miami? Carlos:—Por supuesto qut si, pero si tu no tienes especial interés fem ir all{ otra/ vez podemos ir a otras ciudades que no conocemos. \. Dr. Fernandez:—;Y -no te gustaria mas ir a San Francisco de California que a Nueva Orleans? iA Carlos:—Seria mejor ir a las dos ciudades, aunque tengamos que gastar. bastante dinero en viajes. “ Dr. Fern4ndez:—E! dinero no es problema en este caso, y ademds Ino seria tanto dinero. Venimos como turistas y unos délares mas o menos no se discuten. Pero creo que nos faltaria tiempo para regresar Santiago en la fecha en que debemos estar alli. Carlos:—No nos faltara tiempo, porque sabemos aprovecharlo. in faltan veinte dias para la fecha en que debemos estar alli. Estoy! and Cuban passports. ndo que a ti no te gustan los viajes por tren. Dr., Fernandez:—;Cémo dices eso? En este pais los viajes {gon agradables; y ya sabes que yo duermo bien en el tren, por | would have to leave the countr: Soviet Union in order to preserve a semblance of | y = WASHINGTON, D. C. (UP) — The adoption of measures aga- inst Guatemala has been re- quested by two members of the US. House foreign relations committee in the wake of the THE AMERICAS DAILY recent ousting of two American newspapermen from that Cen- tral American country. Republican Donald L. Jack- son told the House that the United States must “give serio- us consideration” to the sus- MEASURES AGAINST GUATEMALA URGED U. S. CONGRESSMEN SUGGEST STOPPING COFFEE PURCHASES pension of coffee purchasing from Guatemala, adding that exports of coffee from Guatem- ala to the United States is an important factor in the “rela- tively sound economy” of that country. Republican Frances E. Bolton suid that the expulsion of New York Times correspondent Syd- ney Gruson and Marshall F. Bannell of the National Broad- casting Company is new proof that the government “is Com- munistic and is using all thed Communist methods.” The Inter-American Press As-| sociation intervened in the mat- ter related to the expulsion from Guatemala of American newspa- per correspondents, drawing up a “vigorous” protest in Mexico City, from which point it was sent to Guatemalan Foreign Min- ister Guillermo Toriello. Sydney Gruson, correspondent for the New York Times, and Marshall Bannell, representing the British Reuters News Agency, the National Broadcasting Co., Vision magazine and the New York Jo- urnal of Commerce, were both ex- pelled from Guatemala by the government of that country. Gruson returned to Mexico City, from where he had just arrived, and Bannell proceeded to El Sal- vador. The two newsmen had pre- viously received a visit from two Guatemalan plainclothesmen who dryly informed them that they within twenty four hours. Before departing, Gruson said that an American embassy official had conferred with a representa- tive from the Guatemalan foreign ministry and that the latter had told the American official that Gruson “has been unfriendly to- ward Guatemala in his writings.” Bannell told NBC in. New York by telephone that the action against him and Gruson symbol- izes “the end of the free press in Guatemala.” U.S. embassy officials and some independent newsmen who share Bannell’s opinion went to the airport to see the two men off, NEC said. All wore black neckties as a token of mourning for the free press. Bannell, who had lived in Gua- temala for four years, said that he incurred the government's dis- pleasure by writing a story for Reuters about Communist infiltre- tion of Guatemala. In his phone call to New York,4 he said that the government ob- jected to his televising a bullfight | riot “in an attempt to discredit Guatemala before the world” -a| reference to an NBC broadcast in November of the opening of a bull ring here that turned into a free-or-all because there were not enough seats. Bannell said that a Communist member of Guatemala’s congress who returned recently from Mos- | cow had denounced him in a speech. Less than an hour after the speech, he said, security pol- ice called on Gruson, “roughed him up a bit,” and ordered him to get out of the eountry within 24 nours. In the course of heated debates held by a specially convoked ses- sion of the Guatemalan congress, | deputies severely assailed foreign | newsmen and foreign news-gather- | ing agencies with statements such as “Some of them are in Guate- mala for the sole purpose of caus- ing us misfortune and bringing about foreign intervention.” Some congressmen also said that the Guatemalan government should take steps against such “traitors” so as to prevent them “from turn- ning press freedom into licen- tiousness.” Miguel Lanz Duret, of the Inter-American Press As- sociation and editor of the Mexico City dailies Universal and Univer- sal Grafico, sent Guatemalan For- eign Minister Toriello the follow- ing telegram: “The Inter-American Press As- sociation is sending you its vigoro- us protest against the expulsion of newsmen Sidney Gruson and Marshall Bannell when they were | only exercising their profession, president | Despite Oppositi WASHINGTON, —(UP)— The Senate agriculture committee was primed to strike what it hopes will be a blow for American co, ffee drinkers. Chairman George D. Aiken (R-VT.) said he expects the com- mittee to approve a bill by Sen. M. Gillette (D’lowa) that would put coffee trading under the same federal restraints as market espe- culatin in oats, eggs, butter, wheat and other commodities. The committee met in closed session. ‘Two representatives of the New York coffee and sugar exchange, where the United States coffee trading is done, were on record against the Gillette bill. They said the coffee exchange’s own rules are sufficient to keep specu- lation within reasonable bounds. Joseph M. Mehl, administrator of the commodity exchange ad- ministration which would police coffee trading ift he bill is adop- ted, told the committee one thing is certain: “There’s no way I know of thatt he bill could hurt | the American people.” Whether it would help, Mehl said, is nother matter — what with the source of supplying ex- clusively in foreign countries, principally Brazil. Members of the committee. then proceeded to get intot he hair of Federal Restraints on Coffee Expected on from Dealers Gustavo Lobo, Jr., president of the coffee exchange, and Chand- ler A. Mackey, a New York cof- ee importer-agent. Mackey, a veteran of 45 years in the trade, came along only for the ride with Lobo but he found himself suddenly in the spotlight under sharp questioning by vir- tually the entire committee. He conceded Brazilian co-ope- ratives engage in price fixing and agreed reluctantly with Sen. Allen J. Ellender (D-LA.) that they sometimes “hold back” their cof- | ee until the desired price is reached. But he insisted he could not say whether today’s american price —more than a dollar a pound— is too high and asserted that the coffee industry’s only interest is getting more coffee at lower prices for the public. He said “no rule” by the government “can give us more coffee and the public a lower price.” LAST MINUTES NEWS .. WASHINGTON, (UP).—The Senate agriculture committee approved the bill presented by Sen. Gillette setting federal res- traints on coffee trading. The committee voted unani- mously, thus leaving the path clear for Senate action. IAPA Protests To Guatemala For Expulsion Of American Newsmen NBC Correspondent Bannell Says Action “Symbolizes the end of press freedom” and it considers the expulsion to be an assault on freedom of in- formation, which is one of the principal foundations of freedom in the Americas. “The Inter-American Press As- sociation ts confident that you will rectify the position taken by your government so that it will not be considered an aggressor against press freedom.” In an editorial publistred yes- terday by the New York Times, the paper took up the matter of the expulsion of correspondents Sidney Gruson an@ Marshall Ban- nell. The Times sail that thé Gu- atemalan government had been “hasty and ill advised”, and it ex- tBressed the hope that the Guatem- alan foreign ministry would re- JOHN PEURIFOY CONFERS WITH EISENHOWER WASHINGTON. —(UP)— Pres- jident Eisenhower discussed econ- omic and political conditions in |Guatemala with the U. S. ambas-| sader to that country, John E. Peurifoy. However, the latter dec- |lined to make any comment on |his conversation with the Presid- jent. The Ambassador paid a custom- ary visit to the president before returning to his post. When ques- tioned by a newspaperman about the Guatemalan situation, Ambas- sador Peurifoy said he had no- thing to say. Queried on coffee price incre- ases, Peurifoy said that this is one of the economic problems of | Guatemala, inasmuch as coffee constitutes 82 percent of the coun- | try’s total exports, practically all consider what it had done. In an editorial entitled “Censors jof it being sent to the U.S. How- | For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 178 Coffee Price Hike Due to Natural —— The following statements were made in Washington by Dr. José R. Chiriboga, Ecuadorean Ambas sador to the U.S., in regard to the current controversy over rec. ent coffee price increases. “As the Ambassador from I dor, a country which is promoting the cultivation of coffee, i wish to say that the coffee crists be- ing presently felt everywhere and being responsible for rises in the price of that beverage is due exclusively to natural, economic causes beyond the control of cof- ee-growing countries. “It is an indisputable fact that coffee output in Brazil has fallen off remarkably during the past year because of frosts and droughts. At the present time less coffee is being shipped to the United States and the price of coffee has gone up not only in the United States but in coffee- growing countries as well. It is a fact that the price of a pound of coffee has been going up in Ecuador since last November, des- pite the fact that Ecuador is a coffee-producing area. This shows that coffee price increases are general everywhere. “An expansion in exports | coffee to European markets is an- other factor that has had bearing of | Causes, Ecuadorean Envoy Says Ecuador is engaged in promoting cultivation of coffee, he adds 5 ae {seen itself obliged to pay cons- tantly greater prices for products |from the United States, is aston- ished that the American people are charging that a rise in the price for a raw material -a rise that is due to the free play of economic laws- is the result of exploitation. “The few cents more a pound |that are being paid by the Unit- ed States for its coffee only | slightly benefit the Latin Ameri- }can coffee grower. The greater part of the profits resulting from higher prices is being collected by importers and middlemen in the United States. “When steel prices went up in | the United States, Latin Ameri- ca had to pay between 200 and 1300 dollars more for every truck and every automobile of Ameri- | can manufacture. No one protest- }ed; no one sought to institute a boycott of American-produced |goods. For the same reason it is |hard for people down there to {understand why there should be a desire here to boycott a product from Latin America just because that product increased in price by several cents on account of re- ons completely explainable and | verified | “Finally, it should be kept in tn Guatemala”, the Times said |¢ver, he pointed out that Guate- that @ruson, its own correspon- |mala represents only a minor part | derft, and Bannell, from the Natio- jof the coffee picture. The Am- {on lower exports of that product | mind that the few cents more a to the United States. At present | pound which the American peop- Europe is consuming larger a-|le are paying for their coffee will nai Broadcasting Co., Reuters gathering organizations, “are res- ponsible newspapermen who could not have done Guatemala any harm and might have done the government good.” The editurial went on to say: “If the Arbenz government hon- estly believes it has a persuasive case for its activities, there would be no better way to present it to the American public than to allow a reputable correspondent like Sidney Gruson to write, as he would, without fear or favor. It has always been a_ baffling |problem for those who have the of | interests of Guatemala, and Latin America generally, at heart to create an honest understanding |between the present government |and those who feel deeply that it is being mislead and misguid- |ed by the Communists. North Am- | ericans are firmly convinced that nothing could be worse for Gua- temala than to allow the Reds to maintain and even increase their power and influence in that coun- try. This is not “defamation” or “slander”; it is sincerely held opinion based on a solid array of |bassador declined to suggest any remedy for the present price situ- | }ation. He added that the case {came up after he had left Guate- | mala. Peurifoy has been in Washing- ton for over a week. He has con- ferred with high State Depart- ment officials and with U.S. am-| bassadors in El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Venezuela. He said he would leave by plane Thursday on his way back to Gu- atemala arriving there on Friday. | facts. “The Guatemalan government says it has nothing to hide or to |be ashamed of. If that is the case, /it would allow correspondents \like Mr. Gruson to go there and |report what they see and _ hear. There is nothing more suspicious or more characteristic of totalit- arianism than expelling reputable | foreign journalists from a coun- try. Guatemala claims to be a democracy, but how can she claim that refusing to permit newspa- permen to work and_ transmit stories is democratic?” RIO DE JANEIRO —(UP)— President Vargas said that he does not intend to expropriate or nationalize foreign companies operating in Brazil, but he added that it is his duty to “prevent |the de-nationalization” of his country, for which reason he had created “Petrobras,” the govern- ment -controlled petroleum mono- poly. In a speech addressedt o the Brazilian people in occasion of the third anniversary of his as- sumption of the presidency, sum- med up his administration’s eco- nomic and financial policies. The president said that steps taken by him and his aides had been accompanied by a campaign of opposition which had sullied his administration with charges of corruption in an efforts to force the government to backtrack on |its accomplishments. The Brazilian chief of state also said that ~ speculators had |been “embezzling”. some 14 mil- \lion cruzeiros every month for their own benefit in trade being carried on with United States, Vargas Says he is only Preventing de-Nationalization of his Country Brazilian President reports on his government’s economic policies. with the result that measures |which the government had adop- |ted proved to have had a decisive \effect on the economic system of Brazil, giving a new shape to. the | country’s international trade 'structure and freeing it of the abuses which formerly had plagued it. Vargas asserted that he was sure he had served individual in- terests and he alluded to’ steps taken by his government in res- pect to foreign capital, “which had been restrained because of the abuses it had committed.” READ TOMORROW In our tomorrow’s edition we shall publish important statements | made by Rep. Courtney Campbell in our office in Washington D. C. in congection with the possibility, presently being studied, of increas- ing commercial activities and general development of Tampa, Florida. CIUDAD TRUJILLO,. —(UP)—{ An official comuniqué says that the Dominican military. intelligen- ce service has information prov- ing that the Communist ring oper- ating in the Caribbean area is moving at least one part of its headquarters from Mexico and Guatemala to San José, Costa Ri- ca. The communiqué adds that dur- ing the past six weeks thirty Com- munist agents from Russia, Rom- ania, Hungary and other Europe- an countries have been identified in Panama while they were pass- ing through that country on their way to Costa Rica. The agents were said to be using Mexican The official statement says that the Dominican delegation to the forthcoming Inter-American ‘Con- ‘documentary proof of the accusa- tions, including names, pictures, passport numbers and dates on which the alleged Red spies enter- ed Costa Rica. The communiqué also says that other reports in the hands of the Dominican government indicate that Costa Rica “is slated to be converted into the new base of operations for the Communists in this hemisphere and that the Cos- ta Rican government headed by President José Figueres ‘will soon try to confiscate the enor- mous interests of the United Stat- es in that country.” Generalissimo Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, commander-in-chief of the Dominican armed forces, as- serted that the Communists have decided to transfer part of their temala to Costa Rica “in order to divert public attention from Gu- atemala.” Trujillo said that the “granting of refuge in Costa Rica to a con- siderable number of the Carib- bean Cominform agents” was ins- pired by Romulo Betancourt, for- mer president of Venezuela and one of Figueres’ advisors. The official note said that the Communist recently sent 650,000 dollars in gold to El Salvador to finance a vigorous Red campaign in that country and that Com- munist elements are intensifying their activities aimed at the gov- ernments of the Dominican Repu- blic, Nicaragua, El Salvador Venezuela, Honduras and Pana- ference in Caracas will present international activities from Gua- RED CARIBBEAN HEADQUARTERS MOVE TO COSTA RICA, TRUJILLO SAYS , According to the government communiqué, official contacts of the military intelligence service in neighboring countries have in- ormed the Dominican govern- ment that the Reds are intensify- ing their activities so as to create trouble for inter-American rela- tions on the eve of the inter-Amer- ican conference and that some La- tin American Communist leaders are presently “trying to infiltrate Venezuela.” One of them, Gilberto Viera White, secretary general of the Communist party in Colombia, is now in Caracas, the note said. “However,” the communique went on to say, “the government and people of Venezuela are on the alert in this danger and will not permit the Communists to move in.” mounts of coffee, and while out- put has fallen off, demand is growing day by day. “It is nothing but the natural play of the forces of supply and demand that has caused a small rise in the price of coffee. “The countries of Latin Ameri- ca are not trying to use their natural resources to exploit pe- ople. Latin America, which has automatically serve to raise the ; volume of United States-manufac- }tured goods exported to Latin America, which continues to be the best market for American pro- ducts. Every dollar reaching Lat- in America returns at once to |the United States where it is |used for the purchase of machin- ery drugs, automobiles and the like.” Latin American Has proven more su WASHINGTON —(UP)— In hearings being conducted by the Senate banking and finance com- mittee, the representatives of se- veral foreign industrial concerns appeared to testify as to their transactions with the U.S. Export- ral in their praise of that govern- ment agency. H.R. Pape, general manager of the Altos Hornos de Mexico, said that the bank had better served to promote friendly relations with Latin America than had the eco- nomic aid schemes employed by the United States in regard to the European area. He also said bank loan for 8 million dollards in 1942 so that it could begin operations, and another loan for 5 million in 1951, and that the first loan will have been repaid in its entirety within the next two years. “Not only have our relations with the bank been extremely courteous, pleasant and profitable, but we largely owe our success in business to them.” Pape suggested, however, that cial if the receiver conld have greater preedon in diciding where .|to place his orders and deciding most | as to what facilities he needed. He said thet in many cases his own company had run to buy its supplies from the United States, alone. Oscar Machado from Venezue- la, representing the Compania Import Bank and they were libe- | that his company had received a | into trouble when it was forced | Financiers Praise Work of U. 5. Export-Import Bank ecessful than U. S. economic programs in Europe. ios Andnima de Electricidad, in Ca. |racas, said that his concern had |made great strides as a conse- {quence of the huge expansion which has taken place in the post- pees Venezuelan economy. Machado said, “In order to give you a better idea of what I mean, I shall take the liberty of point- jing out that income in Venezue- la, amounting to 440 million dol- |lars in 1938, totalled two and a half billion dollars in 1952. When the war ended we found ourselves hard put to it to meet the grow- ing demand for electrical energy in the Caracas area, because we had been unable to purchase ad- | ditional equipment in wartime. Our first loan from the Export. |Import Bank was for $1,850,000, and in 1950 we received a second loan for $5,500,000, both of which loans we have been repaying re- ligiously.” Machado suggested that the bank should grant loans without |requiring government guarantees |for their repayment in every ins- | tance. | Manuel Noriega, representing the Compania Fundidora de Fie- rro y Acero of Monterrey, Mexico, said that local investment capital s short in Latin America be- jcause of the rudimentary stage of that area’s economic development and that because of this the loans granted by the Export-Import Bank perforined a vital function by providing the, funds needed for industrial undertakings. CARACAS; (UP)— The gov- ernment last night denied char- ges made by Guatemala to the effect that Venezuela was involved along with other countries in a conspiracy against Guatemala, and it termed the charges “baseless and false”. An official’ communiqué issued by the Foreign Relations Minist- ry said that Venezuela abides by the principle. of non- intervention in other countrics’ internal matters. It adds that the accusation made by Guatemala “is closely connected with faith- ful obedience to certain interna- tional directives.” The official communiqué reads as follows: 1- The accusation made by Guatemala stating that Venezuela is engaged in subversive acts against that country’s government strictly | Venezuela Rejects Accusation Says Guatemalan action denotes obedience to definite international directives. paris an is untrue and lacks any basis in fact. 2. The Venezuelan government maintains the principle of non- intervention in the internal af- fairs of other countries as one of the fundamental points of its foreign policy. 3.- An attitude such as the one adevted by the Guatemalan gov- ernment denotes the shaky posi- tion of the government assuming |it and shows that régime to be unsure of its safety. 4- Furthermore, such _ state- ments closely resemble faithful obedience to certain international directives aimed at disrupting friendship and cooperation among our countries when the nations e€ this hemisphere are getting ready to participate in the Tenth Inter-American Conference. o-— ih