Evening Star Newspaper, June 2, 1940, Page 38

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO D. C, J UNE 2, 1940—PART TWO. Fine Public and Private Buildings Displace Landmarks of Foggy Bottom Old Area, Called Hamburg Or Funkstown, Famous For Frogs and Chills Early School Structures Had Influential Place Among Features of Washington By John Clageit Proctor. The old saying that there is an end to everything certainly applies to that section of Washington still known to a few old-timers as Bottom, but which is rapidly being transformed into a more delightful section of the city than its early name would imply. There were never any precise metes and bounds to this part of Washington, though it is generally agreed that its area was limited to Seventeenth street on the east, the Potomac on the west. F' street on the & north and the river on the south. This section, the southern part of which was nearly all low ground, was, prior to the time when it was drained, noted for its unhealthful- ness, as will still be recalled by many &n old resident. The Foggy Bottom titleholders would largely indicate the opposite conclusion. Gen. Washington’s concern in the town site of Hambuxg is conveyed in several letters written upon the subject. On February 17, 1791, he addressed a letter from Philadelphia Concordia Lutheran Church, Twentieth and G streets N.W., erected about 1830 on ground donated for the purpose by Jacob Funk. chills were sufficient to’ deter most persons from settling in that region, and little or no business was done there, except by the duckers and fishermen who occupied the tene- ments erected near the river. Until & half century or more ago, probably hot more than a score of houses dotted the extreme southern portion of this locality, and its desolated appearance looked as if it might be the abode of spirits or hobgoblins. Part of this area, now occupied by large public buildings and private structures of note, was once best known for its old frog ponds and marshy places, which the boys were wont to explore in pursuit of frogs, catfish and mud turtles. The inces- sand croakings of the frogs at night in this section of the city, and its lonely and desolated appearance often furnished material for mar- velous stories of ghostly sights, which, with the superstitious sur- roundings of an old fortune teller who lived for many years in this locality, served the double purpose of the old woman in gaining a support and securing the confidence of her customers. Heurich's brewery covers the ground of the Easby spring lot, that of Cumberland’s and the Lucases and the site where John Boyle -at one time had his esidence. This John Boyle, the writer understands, was the grandfather of the late John Boyle, a well-known Washington newspaper man. In referring to hlm, Mrs. Wilhelmina M. Ensby-Sml'th has this to say: “My only recollection of Mr. Boyle s that he was said closely to re- semble Gen. Zachary Taylor, an_d when the latter, on the eve of his {nauguration, came out upon the hotel balcony to greet the crowd assembled, they would have none of him, breaking out in howls and jeers: ‘Ah! Get out, Johnny Boyle, you can't fool us'—greatly to the discomforture of Gen. Taylor.” Long before this sectlon was called Foggy Bottom, much of it was laid off into building lots and the town site was called Hamburg. Jacob Funk, who owned Funkstown, the name by which it was called by many, purchased the tract of land,’ consisting of about 130 acres, in 1765 | from Thomas Johns. At a consider- | ably earlier date, in 1664, when a | part of Widow's Mite, it was ac-| quired by John Langworth. Appar-| ently, when it was first laid off into | 287 lots, Funk did not immediately record his plat, as evidenced by al receipt given by him three years before this was done. Incidentally, this receipt, in describing the prop- | erty, contained the interesting in-| formation that it lay between “Rock Grick and Goos Grick,” the last| name being the designation by | which Tiber Creek was also known, and by which it was facetiously referred to by Tom Moore, the Irish | poet, when he visited this city 1804. A map of Hamburg. in the Library | of Congress, shows five streets and | an alley running east and west, | and from the river, northward, they were: Water street, Front alley, Sec- ond street, Third or Raven street, Fourth street and Fifth street. The streets running north and south would remind one of Philadelphia, for we find such names as High street, Arch street, Market street, Persemon (Persimmon) street, Wal- nut, Locust, Mulberry and Rock streets. Front alley was 33 feet in width, and the streets varied in width from 60 to 80 feet ‘When the site for the Federal city had been determined upon, just what to do with Hamburg and an- other paper town known as Carrolls- burg was a problem. President ‘Washington early realized the im- portance of obliterating these towns entirely, in order that they might not interfere with the plans being drawn by Maj. L'Enfant. Fortu- nately, although many of the lots had been sold, and hence the title was vested in many different per- ons, yet few, if any, structures had seen erected in the subdivision. With Carrollsburg, the lots appear to have fallen into the hands of speculators, but with Hamburg, the names of the in to William Deakins, jr, and Ben- | Jamin Stoddert, in which he said: | “The Maryland Assembly has au- | thorized a certain number of acres | to be taken without the consent of | the owners or making compensation as therein provided. This will be principally useful as to the old lots of Hamburg. However, by purchas- ing up lots, or as many as we can, we shall be free to take, on the terms |of the ac’, so much of any other |lands in our way, and consequently |those whose proprietors refuse all {arrangement. I will, therefore, beg the favour of you to take measures immediately for buying up all the lots you can in Hamburg, on the lowest terms you can, not exteeding the rate of 25 pounds the acre.” In September, 1793, the President | purchased four lots in Carrollsburg, | and later, in order to show no par- tiality as to any particular section | of the city, purchased square num- | bered 21, said to be in Hamburg, to | which he refers in his will. saying: | “Actuated by the principle already | mentioned, I give and begueath to ‘»George Washington Parke Custis, | the grandson of my wife and my ward, and to his heirs the tract I hold on Four Mile Run in the vicin- ity of Alexandria, containing 1,200 acres, more or less, and my entire square No. 21 in the City of Wash- ington.” This square is between Twenty- | fifth and Twenty-sixth and D and E streets N.W., in the block imme- diately west of the old Observatory grounds, and was most likely adja- | cent to Hamburg, since the western | boundary of the town was probably | at Twenty-third street. The eastern ih"e ran approximately between | Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets; | the northern line was about where is | H street and it extended southward from there to the river. As was done with the owners of lots in Carrollsburg, an equal exchange was made by the Government with own- ers of property in Hamburg, the location being as near the same ground as possible. The writer knows there are many -~ ¢ people in Washington who are keenly interested in genealogy, par- ticularly in their own family his- tories, and for this reason he copled the names of some of those who owned lots in this town nearly 150 years ago, and who were among the earliest settlers of the District of Columbia. They were evidently res- idents of Georgetown, or of nearby Maryland counties, for as will be Seen, a considerable number of their family names are familiar in this locality. They include .John Mountz, Thomas Johns, French and Marr, Baltis Font, James Beall of -James, Robert Allison, James M. Lingan, Christian Kemp, Anthony Holmead, Thomas Beatty, sr.; Michael Nichols, Henry Yoel, Henry Klinger, John Kephart, W. Regan, devisee of Joshua; Christian Orindorff, Wil- liam M. Beall, Michael Gross, John J. Leroy, Thomas O. Williams, Mar- garet Beard, Michael Gangaware, Jacob Thornton, Francis Cost, Ben- jamin Stoddert, Mathias Bucke, as- signee of Michael Ramer; Aaron Ritenover, James Wells, John Hack- ett, Philip H. Mires, Benjamin Spiker, James Kirk, Joakim Streeves, Dr. P. Thomas, Jacob Boyer, John McDade, John Spoor, Lorwick Kemp, Samuel Porter, James Ster- rett, Conrad Merkle, Willlam Ger- rard, John and A. Rench, Jonathan Hager, Conrad Doll, J. Hoof, Casper Mantz, Andrew Kesler, Frederick Moley, William Murdock Beall, Charles Shell, William and Eliza Waugh, heirs of B. Wigell, one-half, and A. Fiskers' heirs, one-half; D. Reintzell for Calvanist Society; Marshain Warring, George Holstine, John Rohrer, Henry Pauling, Wal- ter Baker, Evan Thomas, Casper Youst, Robert Peter, Frederick Ho- candofer, George Murdock, William Megrath, Henry Coontz, Nicholas Kinsor, John V'<'amot, Adam Ott, John Hemell, Andrew Link, Chris- tian Lowen, Joseph Garlick, P. Mc- Mahon, Samuel Blodget, Elias Yonhman, Henry Hilleary, jr.: John Rover, B. Stoddert, William Buddi- comb, Valentine Hoof, William Deakin, Gilbert Kemp, Daniel Hes- At top: The old glass works, erected on Constitution ave- nue between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets in 1809. Above: The Boyle homestead in the Hamburg section. One of the better types of residences in this area. ter, Frederick Golden's heirs, Charles Beatty, Mathias Ritenover, Elias Davison, Henry McClary, A. Fleak, 8. Miller, Prederick Kemp, Peter and F. Curts, Rev. Mr. Golden, George- Holstine, Henry Warman, W. Hellen, Martin Casner, Hezikiah Clagot, Henry Sneberly, Frederick Mann, Michael Stoker, John Hass, devisee, Thomas Cramphen; Mr. | Hatfleld, Dr. Phillips Thomas, Philip Sybert, Benjamin Spikes, Willlam Sidebottom, Joshua Johnson, Wil- liam Deakins, jr., Daniel Ragan, Stoddert and Deakins, John Mantz, George Swingle, Michael Ramer, Amos Smith, Frederick Curts, John Comp, John Wilmore, jr.; Christian Lower, Samuel Craiger, Robert Peter, Joseph Doll, Thomas Price, Jacob Maddart, Samuel Liday, George F. Hawkins, Joseph W. Chis- well, Christian Kemp, John Beall, Jacob Zetter, Charles Worthington, Lutheran Cofigregation, John Shol- man, John Syle, Appelona White- hair, heirs of George; John Mantz, Charles Schell, Jacob Young, John Tilly, Mrs. Johnson, Jacob Hess, George Winters, Henry Umbhults, George Linginfetter, Willilam King, James Terrell, Willilam and Eliza ‘Waugh, heirs of B. Wigill; F. Fish- er’s heirs, Martin Hoffman, Edward Skinner, Christian Edelin, George Striker, Patric Manual and wife, Gilbert Kemp, Samuel Stowden, Robert Peter, Thomas Johnson, Col. Willlam Deakins, Michael Rayner, T. Beall, Levi Deakins, Peter Kemp, Christian Schell’s heirs, Charles Schell, John Winters, Thomas Cramphin, John Shillman, Richard Snowden, David Harry, Charles Beatty, Peter Ham, Anthony Bitting, Joshua Johnson, Valentine Reint- zell, Christian Lower, P. J. Mantz, David Isaac, Leonard Reed, Law- rence O'Neal, Henry Walter, Brook Beall, Samuel Miller and Henry Stall. Hines’ Records. Christian Hines, who died in 1874, and who published his “Early Rec- ollections of Washington City” in 1866, lived for a few years within where his father (the writer’s great- great - grandfather), John Hines, moved in December, 1799, Of this Mr. Hines says: an old two-story frame on F street north, between Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth streets west. This house is standing yet, and is now owned and occupied by a colored man named Foster. At that time ‘Washington might have been truly called the city of magnificent dis- tances. Our neighbors wére few and far between, the nearest being Wil- liam King, Esq., who then lived in a brick house near the corner of F and Twentieth streets, recently owned and occupied by Joseph For- rest, Esq. Thus I again became a citizen of Washington at about the age of eighteen years. The greatest difficulty we experienced then was in getting water, as there were but few pumps and they at a great dis- tance; so we had to go to a spring near Hamburg wharf, not far from the old glass house (about half a mile distant), and occasionally to old Mr. Wilson’s, near I and Twenty- first streets.” Standing in 1800. According to the same author, the following houses were standing in Hamburg in the year 1800: In square bounded by C and D, Twenty-second and Twenty-third streets, a frame house owned and occupied by Thomas Smith, colored. In the block to the east of this, one large frame house occupied by a Mr. Willard, and known as Willard's Spring | Garden. In the square between F and G, Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets, one 2-story frame occupied by John Hines during the years 1799 and 1800. Down toward the river, south of B street, and between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets, near Hamburg wharf, lived a Mr. Stevens in a small frame dwelling in which he kept a grocery store. William King, and later Jos- Smallest North American Mammal Included in Extensive By Elizabeth Capitaine. Along the banks of the Potomac River the first tiny gray shrew, the smallest mammal in North America, was found for the Bureau of Biologi- cal Survey in 1903. This miniature animal, pencil-sized and less than 3 inches long from the tip of its pointed little nose to the tip of its threadlike tail, is one of the 136,000 specimens in the bureau’s collec- tion. In the drawers of a battery of white metal, insectproof cases that | extend overhead, animals from the Arctic Ocean to Panama are cata- logued, their flat “museum skins” stuffed with tow (flax fiber) or cot- ton in the case of the smaller mam- mals and with excelsior for the larger ones. Scores of dark-gray shrews, almost weightless, lie side by side in the drawers, and in another partitioned section next to them are glass con- tainers holding the fragile, white and paper-thin skulls, each num- bered identically to the skin to which it belongs so there will be no mistake in identification. In nearby cases are drawers of long-eared, cotton-tail rabbits, the most destructive of their kind; 24 cases containing 20,000 wood-mice, the commonest mammal in the United States; woodchucks, pocket gophers (so called because of the small food pockets in either cheek), and similar animals. Range of Colpr. One of the most interesting pelts is that of a sea otter from Alaska. A rigidly prepared skin, it ranges in color from a light tan to deep brown. It is 5 feet long, short- tailed, and with hind feet like seal flippers. Once numerous, the sea otter became practically extinct when the Russians, during their control of the country, exploited them for furs. The United States Government now makes it illegal to | kill these animals and has estab- lished colonies to protect them. In fact, the specimen at the Survey museum was not killed but was found on a beach in Alaska. The scientists experienced a pleasant surprise recently when a colony of sea otters was found in a secluded spot on the California coast. Outside of the cases there are many antlers of deer and moose and caribou. Skulls are placed in vials, cardboard boxes or trays, according to size, and among these skulls are 1,000 of brown and grizzly bears from Alaska and about as many blacks from the United States and Canada. The huge skulls are smooth and oblong, the vicious teeth intact. The color varies from a paper white to a tannish gray, the latter the result of oil in the bone. One type in the collection repre- sents the largest species of all exist- ing carnivores, the Kodiak bear, col- lected on Kodiak Island, Alaska. For the special study on bears 1,864 specimens were gathered, and as a result of the 22 new forms discov- ered then the total number of known types was brought to 81. In addition to the museum skins and skulls, there are approximately 3,000 unstuffed pelts hanging in a luxurious, specially constructed room of their own. They are suspended from iron rods by loops of cords passed through the skin above the nose and attached to a rod with an S-hook. The room itself and the ing after 20 years, and the skins of wolves, coyotes, black and grizzly bears, pumas, badgers, foxes and sheep comprise a valuable collec- tion for research. For Extensive Study. The great number of similar skins must be collected to insure an -ex- tensive study of each mammal. It pelts have just undergone a clean- | 8" is necessary to examine the colors, size and characters of every animal to be able to know its range and whether it is beneficial or harmful to agriculturists. Peltage colors often change with the seasons, and the shade of fur of a young animal is sometimes very different from that of an adult. The bureau feels it must have at least 12 skins from one place in order to tell the general characteristics of an animal in that locality. Several expeditions were sent out each year to collect mammals from the beginning of the bureau in 1885 until recently, but now the bulk of the work has been completed and current collections can be handled by fewer men. In 1891 a Biological Survey expedition to Death Valley gathered 5,000 mammal specimens, the largest number of animals of any single expedition. Over a period of years, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman collected more than 17,- 000 mammals in Mexico, a record for any collector or team of col- lectors. Now instead of expeditions there are scattered men constantly on the search for new “types” of animals and new specles. They range throughout the country and are especially active on reservations. On these excursions they carry trunks equipped with trays. An animal selected for the collection is first measured, the total length, the tail length and the hind-foot length always being noted. The smaller fmals are prepared, both cleaned and ‘stuffed, in 20 to 30 minutes, and pinned to the trays in the trunks. Special care must be used with the small animals, especially the shrew. An insect-feeding mam- mal, it is different from, though similar in appearance to the rodent. Small teeth run along the whole Jaw, so0 tiny that it is difficult to s see them well without a microscope. The thin tail is carefully drawn over a fine wire that has been wrapped with cotton. To give an idea of just how small this animal is, its tail is just about half the length of the entire 3-inch body. Preserving Skins. Arsenic on the inside of skins preserves them, and a specimen so treated will keep indefinitely if in- sects are not allowed to get at it. ‘There are some specimens so pre- pared at the Survey which have been there for 50 years. Large pelts are salted and sent in to the taxi- dermist to be tanned and otherwise preserved. The Bureau of Biological Survey was primarily established as an aid to agriculturists. Farmers whose crops were being seriously damaged by animals of various sorts have been greatly aided by the Survey. ‘Woodchucks, prairie dogs and wood- mice, for example, do immense harm, and where there are many of them they do considerable damage to her- biage in the vicinity. Though known as woodmice, these animals are found in fields, prairies and on beaches as well as in woods. One mouse, only a few inches long, in- habits the sandy beaches of an island off the coast of Florida and its white fur makes it almost indistinguish- able from the sand. There are dam- aging cotton mice and white mice in the South, pocket mice and grass- hopper mice and pocket kangaroo rats, with hind legs like kangaroos’ in the West. When a farmer, or any individual, writes in for advice about a specific animal, he should send in a speci- men. By measuring the skulls, the length of the mammal, and by other routine means, the men at the bu- reau are able to determine, by com- parison with their animals and reference to data, the range of the o the boundaries of old Hamburg, | “The first house we lived in was | At top: The Octagon House, Eighteenth street and New York avenue, erected by John H Tayloe in 1800, one of the first homes on the edge of “Foggy Bottom.’—Harris & Ewing Photo. Above: Early types of buildings in the “Foggy Bottom” section, close to the ground once owned by George Washington. —Star Staff Photo. _—_— eph Forrest, owned and occupied a one-story brick dwelling in the block between E and F, Twentieth and Twenty-first streets, and in the same square lived a school teacher named Ferrel, in a large frame. Be- tween F and G, Nineteenth and Twentieth streets, was a two-story frame occupied by a Mr. Smoot, and, according to Miss Maud Burr Morris, the two brick houses at 612 and 614 Nineteenth street were also quite likely standing in the year 1800. Coningham'’s brewery was also in old Hamburg as early as 1797, in a stone building in the block bounded by Twenty-first, Twenty-second, B street (ncw Constitution avenue) and the Potomac. It was operated by C. Coningham & Co. Dr. Cor- nelius Coningham, the head of the firm, was a physician as well as a brewer, and lived on the premises in order to see the work well done. However, he did not conduct his business here very long, but soon moved to the Navy Yard section of the city. He was a native of England. Sites for Churches. Of the two sites set apart by Jacob Funk for church purposes—one at the corner of Twenty-second and G streets and the other at Twentieth and G streets—one for a Calvinist society and the other for a Lutheran society—only the latter was occupied in accordance with the desire of the donor. However, no effort was made to build churches on these sites for a long while, and they were only claimed for the societies by Daniel Reintzel on June 28, 1793. The Con- cordia German Lutheran Church erected a building on the Twentieth street site shortly after 1830. This church, of course, later gave way to the present structure. * The old glass house, before re- ferred to, was there from 1809 to 1846, being located about where is Constitution avenue between Twen- ty-first and Twenty-second streets, near Coningham’s brewery. Sub- sequently, another factory for the making of glass was built on the east side of Rock Creek, at Twenty-sixth and N streets. It was destroyed by fire once and rebuilt, and in all lasted but a few years. Not far west of the first glass house was Lear's wharf—between Twenty-sixth street and the Poto- mac and F and G streets—of which Mr. Hines also says: “About this time, 1800, the seat of government was being removed from Philadelphia to Washington City. The vessels in which was brought the furniture, etc., landed and dis- charged their cargoes at Lear’s wharf, and as the vessels were un- laden their contents were carted away to the War and Navy offices, the only two that were built at the time. Some of the furniture was stored away in the stone warehouse |and afterward taken away in wagons, it being too bulky to be removed in carts. Wagons were rather scarce in Washington then, and our cart was engaged with others in removing the boxes of that many of the boxes were marked ‘Joseph Nourse, Register.’ Reason for Removal. “In the course of a few days I became acquainted with, and ob- Biological SurveyCollection l animal, whether it really is harmful to crops (by analysis of the stomach) and what can be done about it. The extermination process is usually car- ried on by traps or poison. The Bureau of Biological Survey originated on July 1, 1885, with a $5,000 appropriation from the Forty- eighth Congress for the promotion of economic ornithology. A year later the project was separated from the Division of Entomology, and when a $10,000 appropriation was granted for the promotion of eco- nomic ornithology and mammalogy, the scope of the work was broadened and its usefulness increased. The work of the enlarged division was to investigate the food habits, distribu- tion and migration of North Amer- ican birds and mammals in relation to agriculture, horticulture and for- estry. In 1896 the name of the de- partment was again changed to the “Division of Biological Survey” and remained such until 1905, when it was endowed with_ its present title. Control Undertaken. ‘The control of predatory animals was undertaken by the Blological Survey in 1916, so it now has ‘the problem of trying to exterminate the undesirable animals as well as en- courage the numbers of desirable ones. In its extensive effort to study predatory mammals the Survey has a collection of 986 wolves, 3523 coyotes and 540 mountain lions, and its entire collection, though limited to recent mammals in North Amer- ica, has the largest representation in the world. The mountain lions, wolves and coyotes are still being studied. In connection with the collec- tion elaborate cards are filled out for each animal, giving genus, species, sub species and the name, and from these records maps are! try. made, showing the range of every type of animal in North America. ‘The most highly regarded and valu- able specimens are the types and typotypes. The “types” are the first animals of each kind to be brought into the collection, and it falls to the lot of the discoverers to bestow Latin names on them. That, and a summary of the animals’ charac- teristics, or “characters,” as the bureau denotes them, is what is called “describing” a specimen. There are 1,313 type specimens in the Biological Survey, of which 1,261 were described by the staff. Today more than 2,500 species and sub species are established and many more are expected to be, for the work is extensive and practically endless. Typotypes are additional specimens from the type locality and they enable the scientists to determine the validity and rela- tionships of species and sub species. The Biological Survey collection is stored in the United States Na- tional Museum, and besides giving aid on specific animals to farmers, sportsmen and fur-trappers it also answers the questions of universities. Another valuable work of the Bio- logical Survey is the publication of pamphlets. In many of them in- dividual animals are described; the type, range, external and cranial characters, color, remarks, list of specimens and their place of origin are given. The laboratory facilities at the museum provide a place for the scientists to study their large collection, which is indispensable in connection with the administration of wildlife. It is the basis for all its distributional, taxonomic and identification studies on mammals, and specimens are also available for research purposes to responsible museums, educational institutions and scientists throughout the coun- books, papers, etc. I still remember | tained the names of several clerks and messengers who were about the wharf attending to the unload- ing and removal of the Government property from the vessels. The names I now recollect are, Mr, Craw- ford (afterwards proprietor of the Union Hotel, Georgetown), who seemed to me to be the princi- pal manager; Benjamin Betterton, James Hodnett, Mr. Burrows, Mr. Fogle and Mr. Poor, messengers. I do not know that there was suffi- cient room in the two buildings for all the Government furniture and papers. I have since thought that that was the reason why the War Office was removed to the Avenue, where it shortly afterwards burned down. The house stood nearly opposite the Six Buildings, and belonged either to Mr. Hodgson or Mr. Jackson. This was, I think, in 1801. I recollect visiting the fire myself. The General Post Office | was then kept in the War Office | Building, and, if I am not mistaken, | the Patent Office, also. The other | two offices were then not built. Mr. | Gideon Granger, the Postmaster | General, then boarded, I believe, at Mrs. Odlin's’ Seven Buildings. Mr. A. Bradley, the Assistant Postmaster | General, lived on Ninth street, be- | tween E and F streets, but shortly afterwards moved to his own house, in the vicinity of the General Post | Office, now the War Office.” | School Landmark. One of the early landmarks in the | old Hamburg section is the Grant | School Building, on G street be- tween Twenty-first and Twenty= second streets, which was begun on April 4, 1882, and although now named for President Grant, was known from 1883 to 1890 as the Analostan School. The first principal of this school was Maurice P. White, though Wal- ter B. Patterson had been at first tentatively assigned to this post by Supt. J. Ormond Wilson, and even had gone so far as to make plans and arrangements for assuming the duties there when school opened in September, 1883. However, it seems that Mr. White was leaving in a month or two to teach in Boston, and since, at that time, he had more experience than Mr. Patterson, it was deemed best that he should get this school in good running order before he left Washington and, ac- cordingly, Mr. Patterson was sent to the Force School. Mr. Patterson always stood well with Supt. Wilson, both being grad- uates of Dartmouth College. In- deed, all things being equal (or un- equal, maybe), Mr. Wilson generally favored Dartmouth graduates, and so0 we find serving in important posi- tions in the local school such men as Joseph Frank Moore, who after teaching in this city for a while, entered the real estate business in Minneapolis, Minn., with his brother, Son of Sea Captain. Stephen Morse Ryder was also among the favored. He was of Provincetown, Mass., and the son of a captain of a coasting vessel, who upon’ one of his trips died in South America. Stephen, then attending college, had his studies interrupted while he proceeded to South Amer- ica to bring back his father’s vessel, an unusual experience for a young- ster. After teaching here for a while, he became the principal of the Grant School, serving for several years after 1900. Later he married a teacher named Pittis and upon leaving our schools he moved to Niagara Falls, N. Y., where he man- ufactured an invention of his own and became wealthy, it is sald. He lost & son in France.