Evening Star Newspaper, June 2, 1940, Page 14

"Fifth Columnists’ Declared Known; G-Men on the Trail J. Edgar Hoover Expends Counter-Espionage Forces With Law School Men By the Associated Préss. Government leaders, convinced that the “fifth columns” of Europe are abroad in the land of the free, have thrown theé power of the G-men against the potential menace from within. The crime-fighters who busted the kidnap racket and made bank rob- bery unhealthy have trained their sights on the breeding spot of treason. Insiders say the Government knows who the “fifth columnists” are; if the time comes to strike them down it will move quickly. Six days after war broke out in Europe last fall President Roosevelt instructed the Federal Bureau of Investigation “to take charge of investigative work in matterrs re- | lating to espionage, sabotage and violations of neutrality regulations.” J. Edgar Hoover already had started re-training his sleuths for counter-espionage work. With a&n expanded force of G-men recruited from the law schools, he called on police and sheriffs to co-operate. Flooded by “Tip” Letters. For months the work nt on quietly while the flood of “tip” let- ters—ranging from 150 to 250 a day— measured the state of the public mind. Then “nfth column” lightning struck the peaceful fjords of Nor- way. A few weeks later the Nether- lands fell quickly before the me- chanical thrust of German might, aided by spies and traitors within the Lowlands. American became “fifth column” conscious overnight. New York’s City Council, declar- ing an emergency, called for State laws to check “fifth columns.” Gov. E D. Rivers of Georgia re- quested Aliens to submit to volun- tary registration and fingerprinting and asked authorities to report those who did not comply. Missouri “Cracks Down.” ‘The city fathers of Independence.! Mo., made it ulawful for more than dismissed, a lusty admiration for Hitler and his National Socialist state. Kuhn made no public protest when a bund organ called him “America’s Hen- lein,” thus linking his name with the man who led the Nazi “Sudeten” movement in Czecho-Slovakia. There are no indications that either group has wilted and died because of their leaders' residence in American jails. Effectiveness of such groups de- pends upon throwing the public au- thorities off guard. A man who walks freely into the front gates of an airplane factory as an honest worker may be more effective at sabotage than a man who must sneak past alert guards in the night. Whether this circumstance has @ny relation to the policies of the party and the bund in the United States, testimony has been given that both have sought to “bore from within"—to place their members in 8 position to cajole or command the help of unsuspecting Americans. Communist Party Accused. Thus, the Communist party has been accused of sending agents trained for leadership into labor unions. How successful the Com- munists may have been in such ef- forts to get control of vital unions is a matter of debate. Critics have charged that the Communists sought union influence especially in industries vital to na- tional defense—such as shipping, steel, automobile and communica- tions. Some persons who have investi- gated the bund have charged, in the same way,that bund members se- cured work in aviation factories and other vital industries. Kuhn has denied there was more than coinci- dence in the fact that most of the bund’s 71 admitted units were lo- cated+in an area containing 90 per cent of the United States munitions industry. Armed Forces Watched. Both groups have been accused of | Trécruiting in the ranks of the Army and Navy. Military officials have quickly and quietly, known Communists and bundsmen as unfit for service. The “front” is another tactic which critics have assigned alike to the party and the bund. The theory behind the “front” is that persons who would not know- ingly lend their support to a foreign { ideology may be tricked into serving | its purposes. The “party line” of Communism long has demanded that a “class” | wedge be driven between workers and their employers. three persons to assemble “for the purpose of assisting any person of | any foreign government * * ¢/ in a plan to usurp the Government | or State by force or violence.” | Mrs. Edna L. Johnston of the Na- | tional Legion of Mothers of Amer- ica, calling for formation of wom-| en’s rifle corps in every State, re- marked: | “Enemy parachutists in America | will regret the day they first drew breath.” | In Johnstown, Pa., police got a| spy “tip” that a man was having his hair dyed. Rushing to the bar- | ber shop, they learned he “was just getting a few of the gray ones touched up.” America Awakens Suddenly. ‘These scattered events—and many more—were indexes of ‘America’s sudden awakening to & danger which many felt was none too re- mote. Officials here steadied their coun- ter-espionage forces for increased work. Administration spokesmen made it clear that they were aware of the danger. At the same time, they sought to assure the public that every precaution would be | taken to protect the innocent citizen unjustly accused. Attorney General man who, in wartime, would be re- sponsible for internal order in th Nation—declared in a statement “It is obvious that the Depart- | ment of Justice cannot and should | not reveal its information, or the| nature of the measures it has taken or is taking, or the precautions it has used or is prepared to use| against ‘fifth column’ activities.” To reporters crowded into his; paneled conference room, he added: “The duty of the Government,| under the circumstances, is to know who are the members of the bund, the Communist Party and other or- ganizations of that kind.” “Fifth Column” Defined. Mr. Jackson defined the “fifth| eolumn” thus: 1. Saboteurs (wreckers), or persons preparing to commit sabotage to de- stroy property useful to nationa defense. 2. Spies, seeking either military or industrial secrets. 3. “Representatives of foreign gov- ernments or foreign political parties | by which the attempt is made to | influence American policy on behalf | of foreign governments.” These are the peacetime signs of | the “Aftk column.” | In event of military attack on | America, alien agents and domestic traitors might be expected to play an even more sinister role—if the lessons of Europe have meaning for America. Perhaps a part of the “fifth| column” is out in the open, as the Dies Committee to Investigate Un- American Activities has charged. This group of Representatives has linked the Communist party of the United States with the Communist International in- Moscow, and the Amerika-Deutscher Volksbund (bet- ter known as the German-American Bund) with the Third Reich of Ger- many. Both Refuse to Register. Neither the Communist party nor the bund ever has admitted political or financial connection with the Russian or German governments. Both have refused to register as agents of foreign principals at the State Department. But disgruntled Communist “com- rades” have sworn that American dollars flowed into Russia through “the party,” and that offigials of the American Communist group paid purposeful visits to Moscow. Earl Browder, the Kansas comrade ‘who was secretary of the party until he went to jail for passport frauds, declared last September that “so far as the political essences are con- cerned, the Communist party of the United States and the Communist International are in absolute har- mony.” Kuhn Vociferous in Denials. In the same way, visitors to bund eamps have told tales of Hitler- heiling and talk of German great- ness. Fritz Kuhn, fuehrer of the bund until he went to jail for grand larceny of bund funds, himself told of handing $3,000 to Adolf Hitler in 1936 for the Nazi's winter relief fund. : Kuhn has denied repeatedly that Jackson—the | | slogans. This the same technique might be tried {in the United States—an effort to | highways must carry a license tag | foreign agents-—such as the German In the same manner, the bund— according to Mr. Dies—“worked | sympathetically” with agencies ad- | vocating American Fascism or| spreading hatred of Jews under “pa- | triot,” “Christian” and “nationalist” | “co-operation” in- cluded exchange of literature and dvice, “Divide and Conquer” Effective. | The principle of “divide and con- | quer” has proved effective in Europe. In Czecho-Slovakia, for instance, the government was attacked at once by domestic Nazis and by Na- tionalist groups of Slovakians and Ukrainians, aided from Berlin. Some political observers believe turn worker against employer, race against race, creed against creed; to create loyalties and hatreds so in- tense that they seemed to go beyond patriotism, How can Americans fight the “fifth column”? The Communications Commission —assisted by thousands of short- wave ‘“hams”—keeps a constant check on persons using the air waves to send messages. If an unlicensed station is heard, it is run to earth. Every automobile that travels the that identifies its owner. Every air- plane likewise—and every pilot—is licensed. Boats plying coastal waters must display their official number. In many places persons owning un- licensed arms are subject to arrest. Advice for Average Citizen. For protection of military secrets, the Army and Navy send trained officers into industrial plants where armaments are produced. Against any possible infiltration of ‘tourists” who fought Norway from within—President Roosevelt has called for a tightening of immigra- tion guards under Justice Depart- ment control. | As to the average citizen’s job, At- torney General Jackson offers this advice: | “Refrain from joining any or-| nization until you know: “First, the source ot its promo- tional funds. “Second, who your associates in the organization are and who their backers are. “Third, what becomes of your dues | or contributions. “Well-meaning persons may easily be duped into serving or helping space in their choice of piano the instrument. at Kitt's, 1330 G street, NAtional desires a Nazi government for the ted Btates, but has acknowledged THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JUNE 2, 1940—PART ONE. Woodring Orders _ Creation of New Army Units: Expansion Goes Ahead Without Waiting Final Congressional Action By the Lssociated Press. Without awaiting final action by Congress on emergency defense legislation, Secretary of War Wood- ring announced yesterday creation of several new Regular Army units and re-enforcement of others in an expansion move involving about 12,000 of 15000 eadditional men already being recruited. The assignments were made, the | Secretary said, “because of the ne- cessity of speed in the augmentation of the defense forces.” All of the 12,000 prospective re- cruits will join tactical units rather than supply or other organizations. More than 1,000 will go to the Army’s new streamline 4th Division, which will have headquarters at Fort Ben- | ning, Ga., though some units will be | stationed at Fort McPherson, Ga., and Fort McClellan, Ala. The “triangular” divisions, of | which the new one is the sixth, in clude about 8500 men when peacetime strength. The Army's single substantially | mechanized striking force, the Tth | Cavalry Brigade, whese headquar- | ters are at Fort Knox, Ky., was or- dered re-enforced by two squadrons | of mechanized cavalry and one sig- | nal troop. The intention to expand | the brigade to a full division has | been announced. In addition, Sec- | Tetary Woodring ordered creation of nearly a score of units of various | combat branches, largely to enable ! formation of a 2d Army Corps. Also involved in the detailed series of orders was the transfer of many | organizations to new permanent stations. Secretary Woodring stressed, how- ever, that there would be practically no diminution of the size of any | garrison. but on the contrary, there would be increases at most of the | stations. Alfalfa Club Outing | Canceled Due to War | There will be no Alfalfa Club out- ing at Prospect Hall, Frederick, Md., | this summer. Joseph H. Himes, president of the club and host of all the Alfalfa summer outings that have been. held during the past several years at Prospect Hall, said yesterday in response to several inquiries: | finance activities of which they ‘would not approve and which would embarrass them. They may find themselves responsible legally and morally for the activities of their associates. “Keep cool and do not become{ frightened. Sensational statements | as to the ‘fifth column’ should be | received with suspicion. As in most | matters, persons with real informa- | tion and responsibility measure their | Sensational statements and | their makers should be discounted.” | —_— Established 1895 i 711 G 8t N.W GOLOR FILMS KODAK and MOVIE CAMERA BARGAINS columbll Photo Supply 1424 N.Y. Ave. NA. 0619 DON'T HAVE YOUR CAR PAINTED Until you see us. We do a better job on any cor, as low as Finest Materials Used. All Work Guaranteed. Rosslyn Auto Body Co. C‘ht:tx ;{ia‘.‘”" st., lllgyl,r Va. 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