Evening Star Newspaper, May 8, 1940, Page 11

C. A. A Shift Opposition Growing President Is Seen Slated for Defeat In Congress By DAVID LAWRENCE. Congressional sentiment is ris- ing in opposition to the plan re- cently submitted whereby the Air Bafety Board would be abolished and the Civil Aeronautics Au- thority made a division of the Department of Commerce. President Roosevelt's de- fense of the proposed change has not been as persuasive as sponsors of the shift had hoped. ‘The real reason is that the Presi- ; dent is relying on a personal David Lawrence. solution of the tangle while the question is really impersonal and institutional. Mr. Roosevelt believed that selec- tion of the man who has been the head of the Civil Aeronautics Au- thority to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce would be received in Congress as an assurance that the same personnel, familiar with avia- tion, would continue in power. But the very suggestion itself has brought votes to the side which wishes to have the plan formally voted down in Congress. This is because the aviation pilots and people in the aviation industry generally want a solution that is permanent and not one that de- pends on whom happens to be As- ‘ sistant Secretary of Commerce. Strategy Inecective. Originally, of course, the Presi- dent proposed that the C. A. A. be put under the Secretary of Com- merce, but everybody knows that the present Secretary is away from office a good deal because of illness and hence the duty would devolve of an Assistant Secretary. Mr. Roosevelt must have been misin- formed as to the character of the opposition to his plan or he would not have come to the conclusion that by taking Robert Hinckley, one of the members of the C. A. A. and making his Assistant Secretary of Commerce, the opposition to his reorganization plan would vanish or would at least be diminished so as to prevent congressional disap- proval. To accomplish his purpose, the President had to move Assistant Secretary Monroe Jonnson over to the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion. The appointment of the latter was heralded as a means of giving the South important representation on the I. C. C.,, but many people here are saying it was merely a means of taking care of Mr. Johnson so as to make vacant the place that the President wanted for Mr. Hinckley. Thus do complications become superimposed upon complications if governmental problems are viewed as personal. The theory that gov- ernment by men rather than by laws is desirable has been applied much more extensively under the present administration than under any other in the past. If the reorganization powers vested in the President after the bitter fight last year on dele- gating authority to the Executive to reorganize and trausfer govern- mental agencies, boards and com- missions are to be exercised in the future as they have been in the present instance related to the Civil Aeronautics Authority, it is only a question of time when Congress will wish to take back the power it gave to the Executive, and this would be most unfortunate because the gov- ernmental machinery does need overhauling. Mistake Easily Remedied. The mistake that has been made in connection with the effort to abolish the Air Safety Board and to ~made the Civil Aeronautics Authority a subordinate division under the Becretary of Commerce instead of an independent commission respon- sible primarily to Congress is one that can easily be rectified by the ‘White House by withdrawing the whole thing. For it appears the President is slated for a defeat on the question in Congress and it is a superfluous bit of ammuntion that the administration wili have handed to its opponents. The issue was not political in its origin, but now that the question of air safety comes into the debate, it gives the Republicans an opportunity to go back into the files and remind the American people of the disaster which occurred when in a moment of regrettabie impulsiveness the ad- ministration cancelled the air mail contracts and several Army flyers went to their deaths trying to ac- complish a civilian job in midwinter for which they never were trained. If the President wins on the present controversy, the Republicans gain a talking point. If he with- draws the plan, the issue disappears end an independent commission which has done a truly remarkable Job is insured of its independence. (Reproduction Rights Reserved.) BRRRERERRRN X * %% RUGS % SAVE UP TO 40% A Eleven years ago Star Carpet Works presented to Washinstonians High- st Quality Rug Cleaning Service 8¢ & great saving. You can’t get better service at any price. 31.50 _ xi2 Domestie Cleaned ...... axi2 Washed and Repaired by Experts ALL RUGS FULLY INSURED FIREPROOF STORAGE STAR CARPET WORKS 3316:3318 P Street KW ML THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, MAY 8, 1940. The Capital Parade G. O. F. Ticket Headed by Justice Roberts Discussed; Jurist Has Received Overtures By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. A Republican ticket headed by Justice Owen J. Roberts, with Sénate Leader Charles L. McNary in second place, is being vaguely but frequently discussed. Supposing the Republican convention thould be deadlocked, the ticket looks as good a bet as any. Republican gorges are rising, in many State, at the thought of Thomas E. Dewey. The young gang-buster, who has already put Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg out of the race, may not make the grade himself. Meanwhile, Senator Robert A. Taft is heing shoved into the position of a stop-Dewey candidate, which in- _ ° ¥ politics is equivalent to being the CAARUE horse that takes the ginger out of wise ] — the favorite. Meanwhile, the ma- SEE® Jority of other Republican candi- i dates are either hopeless selling- platers or somehow disqualified from the race. Gov. John Bricker of Ohio, for example, has been admirably sum- med up as “an honest Harding.” Gov. Arthur James of Pennyslvania represents no mere return to the Harding era, but a revival of the Moros of U. 8. Grant. Wendell Willkie, obviously one of the ablest conserva- tives in the country, as yet has too little practical political support and evokes too much enthusiasm in Wall Street. Publisher Frank Gannett and Senator Stvles Bridges are vociferous but not winning candidates. Thus, aside from a scattering of favorite sons, the secondary Republican possibilities boil down to House Republican Leader Joseph W. Martin and Justices Roberts and Harlap F. Stone. Nibbles for Roberts : If instead of being on the Supreme bench, Justice Roberts occupied some other position of equivalent importance, he would unquestionably be a conspicuous possibility by now. The objection to him is that the Supreme Court must not be mixed with politics, and that for a Justice to resign to become a presidential candidate inevitably produces such a mixture. Many leaders of conservative thought would be shocked by Roberts’ nomination. In recent months, Roberts is known, morever, to have recelved many nihbles and overtures from politicans looking for 8 man they could back with enthusiasm. He has turned them all down fiat, suggesting that even if drafted he might refuse to run. He will undoubtedly con- tinue to do so. But there is a vast difference between seeking to avoid a presidential nomination and turning it down when offered. Unless Justice Roberts is completley inhuman, he could be induced to change his mind when the time came. And despite the theoretical objection to the candi- dacy of a justice coming from the high bench would actually be a political asset to Roberts, since it would give him a stature before the country which few other Republican candidates can claim. He is younger, more active and a more effective speaker than his colleague Stone He seems, somehow, to measure up to the responsibilities of the presidency better than Joe Martin, who is, for all his real ability, remarkably local in many of his views. In fact, discounting the theoreti- cal objection (which is an extremely strong and serious one, of course), :ogerts would be as good & practical candidate’as the Republicans could nd. The Farmer's Friend The virtues of a Roberts-McNary ticket are sufficient! vious. Roberts is a middle of the road man, sensible, able, with a llyeoooll"d“;‘el:v groups could object to and an appealing personality. A pennsylvanian, he would probably have his largest following in the East McNary. on the other hand, belongs to the liberal group of Repub- licans, is remembered throughout the whole West as the farmers’ friend in the Republican Party, and might be counted on to gain many votes in the doubtful States beyond the Mississippi. Neither man has many party enemies. Together they would make a ticket most Republicans would be glad to fight hard for. McNary will start with the Oregon delegates. Roberts will have none unless Kenneth Simpson throws him the 20 New York County votes. Simpson has been McNary ticket of late, and while he would prob- ably prefer Bricker, Pennsylvania’s powerful Joe Pew has also shown himself very friendly to Roberts. In other Republican camps, the Roberts- McNary ticket is also being mentioned as a secondary bet. That is, of course, all that it is, Justice Roberts may be regarded as perfectly sincere in his desire to avoid bing dragged into the Repub- lican convention’s proceedings. The last thing in the world desired by McNary is to be removed from his Senate leadership. But as they are liked in all the camps, have many obvious suitabilities and would form & strong team. Roberts and McNary might well be tapped for the big Jobs if the Republicans get themselves into the kind of tangle which has no simple solution (Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) barca is a delegate. Other speakers will include Dr. Leo 8. Rowe, dire~- tor general of the Pan-American Union, who will discuss pan-Ameri- can intellectual co-operation, and Dr. S. Howard Patterson, national president of the honor society. The scope of the soclety includes the flelds of history, philosophy, geog- raphy, political science, economics, sociology and jurisprudence. Senora de Labarca To Speak at Dinner Senora Amanda Pinto de Labarca, | professor of philosophy at the Uni- versity of Chile and president of the Executive Committee of the Commission on Intellectual Co-op- eration, will speak at the annual ‘Washington reception and pan- American dinner of Pi Gamma Mu, national social science honor so- ciety, Sunday night at 2400 Six- teenth street N.\W. She will discuss “Social Problems of Latin America.” The dinner was arranged to be held during the sessions of the Eighth Inter-American Scientific Congress, to which Senora de La- Hawthorne Heads Class Robert M. Hawthorne, son of the Rev. and Mrs. C. E. Hawthorne of Takoma Park, Md., has been elected president of the sophomore class at Presbyterian Junior College for Men, Maxton, N. C HUDSON'’S 1940 sales gain is one of the most sensational in many years. And more than half of Hudson'’s sales this season have been made to former owners of the “other three” lowest priced cars. Ask any of them why they changed their buying habits . . . and they’ll answer: “More car for the money!” At the right below you will find a direct comparison of the new Hudson Six with other cars in the lowest price field. 'We invite you to come in today and check these facts for yourself. Just drive a Hudson every day, and see || Gen. 8. D. Em- frfll opintons:of the writers on this page are their own, not necessa %rm Star’s. Such opintons are presented in The Star’s effort give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may de contradictory among themaelves and directly opposed to The Star’s. Washington Observations " Mechanized March in U. S. War Game One of Largest Army Ever Attempted By FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. During the coming week end—and from the final period May 11-May 25—the United States Army will be in the thick of the greatest “war game” it has ever played. Under command of Lt. ern Hemisphere. To carry out that program, according to Gen. Strong, “we must be prepared to qut-blitz the blitzkrieg.” He asserts we are not so prepared. Until Congress ap- propriates funds for urgent require- ments, our war plans chief declares we'll not be in position to apply in the Western Hemisphere that funda- mental principle of war translated into homely languasge by Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, Confederate cavalry leader, as “getting there fustest with the mostest men.” bick, 70,000 troops of the Third Army will wage a fort- night's practice campaign under realistic and ul- tra-modern bat- tle conditions. ‘The purpose is to train two Army corps in concentrations over long dis- Frederic William Wile, tances against a mobile enemy, and to maneuver and operate under combat circumstances with avia- tion and mechaniced forces. Most participating units have been in the field since last December under- going intensive training for this month’s “war.” They take the field in a high state of efficiency. Maj. Gen. Walter C. Short's IV blue corps, 41,000 strong, is advancing westward by motor from Georgia, toward the Mississippi River- into Louisiana. Such a mass movement of troops in trucks across several States is one of the largest me- chanized marches the Army has ever attempted. The maneuvers will also serve as a practical test of equinment and weapons just acquired. Meantime, Maj. Gen. ‘Walter Krueger's red IX corps, 25, 000 strong, has been engaged this week in fleld exercises in East Texas. It will establish contact with the enemy tomorrow. * ok %k % Swiftest Movement. In a way, the mock campaign is miniature blitzkrieg. Never before in this country has a combat unit of 41,000 men been moved approxi- mately 600 miles in six days. Short’s blue corps includes three infantry divisions and an infantry tank brigade. They will cover the dis- tance from the Atlantic seaboard (Fort Benning, Ga. to Louisiana) in four days’ marching time, over the main East-West highways of Alabama and Mississippi. The corps’ advance requires 9,000 motor trans- portation vehicles, in addition to mobile weapons, tractors, mobile apparatus for guns, and combat vehicles such as tanks and scout cars. The movement of Krueger's red corps, across the Sabine River into Louisiana, will not involve the long distances the blue corps must march. It embraces an infantry and a cavalry division, plus 2,200 motor trucks. Many lessons derived from Poland and Scandinavia, especially in the air will feature the “war” in Dixie. The Army hopes the campaign will therefore provide commanders, staffs and rank and file with invaluably practical and up-to-date experience in meeting major problems of modern battle. * % %X Army Shy $500,000,000 Equipment. Brig. Gen. George V. Strong, as- sistant chief of staff in charge of war plans, made the somewhat ! startling statement this week that the Army fis still short almost half a billion dollars’ worth of “critical and essential items necessary to equip the forces to be raised under our protective mobilization plan.” Speak- ing before the Society of Military Engineers, he attributed the defi- dria, Va., will be among graduates ciency to the <“starvation policy |of the Army Air Corps Advanced forced upon the War Depnnmentll"lymg School receiving diplomas over a long period of years.” Plans | and silver “wings” Saturday at Kelly * k % X U. 8. 8. Niblack. ‘The Navy will honor one of its dis- tinguished sons, Vice Admiral Albert Parker Niblack, May 18, when the destroyer U. S. 8. Niblack will be launched at Bath, Me. She will be christened by the admiral's widow, Who lives in’ Washington, Mrs. Ni- black is a sister of the wife of Admiral Leahy, governor of Puerto Rico. Admiral Niblack had an emi- nent career, following Annapolis graduation in 1880. Prior to the World War he was Naval Attache at Berlin. In 1914, he iea the regiment of seamen who occupied Vera Cruz, After outbreak of war with Germany, Niblack took command of American naval forces based on Gibraltar, serving in the Mediterranean and Adriatic until 1919. Then came tours of duty as director of naval intelli- gence at Washington, Naval Attache in London and vice admiral com- manding our fleet in European waters. After retirement in 1923, Admiral Niblack was director and later president or the International Hydrographic Bureau at Monaco. He received our D. 8 M. for World War service and high decorations from Great Britain, France, Italy, Berbia, Japan, Tunis and China. The admiral hailed from Vincen- nes, Ind. * %k k * Dewey Claims. Now he's back from his 24-day cross-country tour, Tom Dewey's trainers enter the pre-convention home-stretch with the assertion that he will reach Philadelphia with more than the 501 delegates necessary for a first ballot nomination. This week's clean-up in Maryland and Idaho strengthens the district attorney’s claims, tall as they are. Politicians and newspapermen’whc accompanied young Tom to the coast concede that while many organization moguls op- | pose him, there were everywhere signs of overwhelming popular sup- port which the bosses are loathe to flout. * % % % Grew Postpones U. 8. Trip. Decidedly a sign of the times is Ambassador Grew's sudden aban- donment of his intention to take an American vacation this summer. British Ambassador Craigie is also staying in Tokio, to keep an eye on developments that might extend Hitler's war into the Far East. * X X X Watch Willkie. In off-the-record G. O. P. gossip the tip is increasingly current to “watch dark horse Willkie.” but full-fledged organization at work, headed by a man with the magic name of Root. It reports headway, especially among a growing group of Republican non-isolationists. No longer coy, the Commonwealth and Southern head seems now definitely stung by the presidential bee. Myers to Get ‘Wings' Flying Cadet Earle R. Myers of 309 South Washington street, Alexan- are made to enable us to take the ' Field, Tex., the Air Corps has an- first step for safeguarding the West- nounced. It Zzys to Break Away from Habit Buyying! Let this HUDS()N Show You AMERICA'S SAFEST CARS ARE NOW AMERICA'S SMARTEST MOST AMAZING LOWEST PRICED CAR EVER BUILT The | utilities magnate now has a small, | This Changing World Diplomatic Quarters Fear Move by Axis To Stir Up Trouble Between Mexico and U. S. By CONSTANTINE BROWN. Certain diplomatic quarters predict a repetition in the course of this summer of the situation between Mexico and the United States which existed in 1916 just before we entered the World War, This prediction is not based exclusively on the interral troubles which are facing Mexico during the coming election but on the work of the axis’ fifth column. It is common knowledge that the internal situation across the Rio Grande is bad. The fight between Gen. Almazan, representing the con- servative element, and the candidate of the left wing, Gen. Camacho, @ might result in “bullets not ballots” even before the fourth of July—the date of Mexico's presidential elec- tion. Most American observers be- lieve that if there is a revolution across the border, it will occur ufter the election. Many of the foreign observers link the prospects of the revolution with the developments in A Europe. = o == They say that if it suits the purpose of the axis to have this country involved in this hemisphere there is a likelihood that bullets will fly before ballots are collected. The thesis of these foreign observers is that one of the principal con- cerns of the axis is how much longer will this country remain neutral in the present world conflict. ‘While neither Berlin nor Rome believes in an active American inter- vention in the present conflict they realize that the allies can purchase in this country the most important war paraphernalia which cannot be pro- duced in sufficient quantities in Britain and France. Nazis Would Distract U. S. Attention If the lightning war breaks out in ail its virulence in the course of the next few weeks, the allies will have to depend heavily on the American arms manufacturers. Berlin believes that we can supply the allies with a good deal of war material to make their resistance to a ruthless blitzkrieg effective. ‘The governments of the axis are also fully aware that the sympathies of the American people for the allied cause are growing daily. Whiie they do not expect America to become an associate of the allles in the present conflict until after the elections—if at all—the propaganda services be- lieve it would be a wholesome thing for American public opinion to be distracted by something much closer to home. And that mueh closer to home is Mexico. Neither of the two generals who seek the presidency of Mexico is hostile to the United States to the point of desiring a conflict. Quite the contrary. But there can be a lot of fishing in troubled waters. The agents of the totalitarian states who have been established in Mexico and some of the states of Central America for several years are well supplied with money and have wide contacts. By independent action, at 8 time when the government of Mexico is in a turmotl, they could provoke such acts of hostility as to require an American intervention. Police to Have Hands Full Police supervision in Mexico at the time of a general election is lax as far as non-political groups or individuals are concerned. ‘This year, in particular, the contest will be so bitter that the police will have their hands full handling the inevitable disturbances. Under the circumstances, it is believed that the foreign agents will have a free field to do almost anything they please. For instance, it is suggested they might form raiding bands from among the desperately poor peons. Should Americans be molested the State Department will be compelled to protest sharply. There are a good many other possibilities to bring about at the present time a¢ sharpening of relations between the two countries despite the unques- tionable intentions of the Washing- ton and Mexico City governments | to maintain normal relations. ‘The war games which are being played at the present time in the ) | South close to tne Mexican border involve the largest force of American soldiers ever put into the field in time of peace. These games could be construed as a warning to those who wish to fish in troubled waters that this country is aware of what is going on and that it is better prepared than in 1916 to cope with any situation which might arise as a result of internal difficulties in Mexico. National Regulars Back Five-Day-Week Move George M. McNulty, national com- mander of the National Association of Regulars, yesterday placed his organization behind the movement to obtain a five-day week for Gov- | ernment employes during the sum- | mer months, In a statement Mr. McNulty point- ed to the benefits resulting from dustry and declared should the five- day week be adopted in any part of the Government, “then surely Wash- ington is one place where it should be had, because there is no other city in the country where workers ;uflet more from the heat than ere.” TSR = = EISEMAN’S ... Fat7th The King of FABRICS for Smartness and Comfort -Quallty P;lints for 95 Years! | \ | L0 GABARDINES Others 830 & $33 Tailored expressly for Eiseman's. With all the details of style, expert workmanship, and. fine- ness of fabric found only in higher priced Gabar- dines. adoption of the plan in private in- | The Reverse Of Court ‘Packing’ Logan-Walter Bill Seen as Applying Judicial Censorship By CHARLES G. ROSS. The Logan-Walter bill to heighten the control of the courts over the work of the administrative agencies of the Government—which is a very mild way of describing it —might be call- ed a court-pack- ing scheme in reverse, The scheme advanced by the President in February, 1937, would have tended to bring the courts under the thumb of the Executive. Wisely and pa- triotically, the Charles G. Ross. Senate sent it L0 the scrap heap. Though within the letter of the Constitution, the President’s proposal would have vio- lated the fundamental constitution- i al principle of keeping in balance the three independent branches of the Government—Ilegislative, execu- tive, judicial. 4 The Logan-Walter bill, except in the case of those agencies which | have been exempted, would subject | the administrative branch to a court censorship as disruptive of the proper distribution of governmental powers® as would have been the | court-packing proposal. | Doubly Harmful. Where the court bill sought to aggrandize the executive arm at the expense of the courts, the Logan- | Walter bill seeks to reverse the process and give the courts an un- precedented and wholly unwarrant- ed power over the day-to-day func- tioning of the affected agencies. The result would harm not only the ex- ecutive branch but the courts them- selves. | Hear the independent testimony of the Brookings Institution: “The ultimate consequence would be not only to swamp the (appellate) courts with a flood of minor ad- ministrative matters that have never been regarded as justifiable cases or controversies, but to retard and hamper the work of the executive branch of the Government to an {n- tolerable degree. The control of the executive branch would be trans- ferred to the courts, and the per- formance of all executive duties would be subjected to the super- vision and control of the judiciary. “Theoretically, this is contrary to the basic ideas of our form of gov- | ernment, which makes a clear de- | marcation between executive and judicial duties. Practically, it will destroy the efficient and expeditious | operation of the executive depart- ments and throw them into con- fusion. The cost of government would be multiplied tremendously. Lack of Confidence Sensed. “It is a significant fact that certain administrative agencies are expressly excepted from the operations of the law. While there is nc objection to freeing any agency from the shackles of the proposed legislation, the very fact that some agencies (such as the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission) are to be exempted would seem to | be an indication of a lack of confi- dence in the basic theories on which the legislation is predicated.” Properly jealous of its own place in the constitutiona' system, the Supreme Court has yet shown its full awareness of the rights of the administrative agencies. This from | Mr. Justice Stone, in one of his | opinions, is pertinent to the discus- ¥ sion of the Logan-Walter bill: “When the courts are faced with interpretation of the particular, ad- ministration breaks down and the manifest purpose of the legislature is defeated unless it is recognized that, surrounding granted powers, there must be a penumbra which will give scope for practical operation. ¢ * ¢ In carrying such schemes (for regulation by administrative bodies) into operation, the function of courts is constructive, not de- structive, to make them, wherever reasonably possible, eflective agencies for law enforcement and not to de- stroy them.” A. A. A. Dissent Pertinent. And again Mr. Justice Stone said, in his famous dissent in the A. A. A. case: “Courts are not the only agency of government that must be assumed to have capacity to govern.” ‘When the present Chief Justice, Mr. Hughes, was Governor of New ‘York, he made a memorable speech at Elmira in 1907 in defense of pend- ing State legislation for the regula= tion of public service corporations. This was the speech in which he said: “We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the judges say it is, and the judiclary is the safeguard of our liberty and of our property under the Constitu- tion.” But Mr. Hughes, pleading for the creation of a regulatory com- mission with broad powers, gave the other side of the picture as well. He might have been speaking against the hamstringing provisions of the Logan-Walter bill when he said: “No more insidious assault could be made upon the independence and esteem of the judiciary than to burden it with these questions of administration. * * * Let us keep the courts for the questions they were intended to consider. * * * To say that all these matters of de- tail which will be brought before the commission * * * should, at the option of the corporations, be taken into court, is to make a mockery of your regulation * * * You must haveé administration, and you must have it by administrative officers. the difference. We promise you the best 30 minutes you ever spent in AOWER PRICES ...STARTING AT k) i it 8 ity Low NO EXTRA CHARGE FOR TNESE: Handy Shift at steering hinged at front so Hood, Beam ; New C=|.|a s-fl Motor Seles Co. alE AW Griffith Motors District Moter Co., Inc. 1515 14tk St N.W. . Gresnwood Garege M T. 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Under the proper maintenance of your sys- tem of government, and in view of the wide extension of regulating schemes which the future is destined to see, you cannot afford to have that administration by your courts.” Cox States Its Purposes. In an {lluminating colloquy in the House, Representative Cox of Qeorgia, a leading proponent of the alter bill, said it was framed to “get” the National bor Relations Board and the Wage and Hour Division of the Labor De- partment. ‘The obvious answer is that if Congress wants to “get,” or curb the of, any specific agency it ought to pass a law addressed to the requirements of the case, and not, in Landis of the Harvard Law School, apply the formula of the procrustean The -Walter bill would precisely