Evening Star Newspaper, May 1, 1940, Page 10

AP —— A—10 The Foening Htar® With Sunday Morning Edition. THEODORE W. NOYES, Editor, WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY.______________ May 1, 1940 The Eve;i;; 'sur Newspaper éomp;ny. : 11th 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave. "'"r'u‘:fl\c':vm Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: 435 Norih Michigan Ave, Delivered by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Edition, Evening and Sunday_75¢ per mo. or 1Rc per week The Evening Star 45c per mo. or 10c per week ‘The Bunday Star 5 - Night Final Edition, Night Final and Sundsy Star __: 85¢ per month Night Final Star 60c per month Rural Tube Delivery. Evening and Sunday Star The Evening Blar o . 55c par month The Sunday Star _10¢ per copy Collection made at the end of each month or each week. Orders may be sent Ly mail or tele= phone National 5000. 10c¢ per copy 85c per month Rate by Mail—Pay; Dajly and Sunday 3 Daily only S8unday only.__ $8.00: 1 mo, ibc $5.00; 1 mo., Entered as second-cla: ‘Washington, Member of the Associated Press~ The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it cr not otherwise credited in this Paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of svecial dispatches herein also are reserved. = = matter post office, . C. D. C. Appropriations The Board of Trade has made a valuable contribution to the Senate hearings on the 1941 District appro- priation bill by stressing the fact that essential items may be added to the House total, and still avoid an unbalanced budget, by utilizing the authority Congress has given the Commissioners to apply to the Treas- ury for temporary advances in an- ticipation of tax collections during the next two years. It also is gratifying to find Chair- man Overton of the Senate Subcom- mittee indicating that he looks with favor on-such a course of action. In drafting the bill originally the douse subcommittee no doubt was actuated by sincere motives in reducing many budget estimates for maintenance to avoid a possible deficit. But, as the Board of Trade suggests, it ap- | parently was proceeding on the the- ory that only the tax money actually collected within the fiscal year may be considered. ‘While it is true that splitting the income tax into two payments will defer a substantial part of this reve- nue until several months after the next fiscal year ends on June 30, 1941, Congress indicated it was aware of the difficulty this might cause, because it included the authority to obtain temporary Treasury advances in the same act that permitted semi- annual payment of the tax. Prospects now appear brighter, as a result of the Senate hearings, for | restoration of some of the House cuts, relieving to some extent the pinch of inadequate funds for many im- portant municipal functions. Since passing the appropriation bill the House has refused to enact | either a fairer income tax law or a sales tax. The Senate, being without jurisdiction to originate a tax bill, can do no more than try to soften here and there the effects of House reductions in the appropriation bill. Senator Overton once again has shown his thorough and sympathetic understanding of the District’s fiscal situation by announcing that he is | not in favor of increasing the supply | bill to a point that would force the Commissioners to raise the real estate tax rate. The Louisiana Senator recognizes the fact that real property already bears more than its share of the tax burden, producing about fifty-eight per cent of the local revenue yield. The new Congress, which meets in January, should go to the root of the problem by adopting a fairer basis of apportioning the expenses of the National Capital between the Federal and District governments. He;'nisphere Sentinels The American republics have a vital eommon interest which cannot be circumscribed by frontiers. They are waging a united fight against foes which recognize no boundaries—the invisible germs and viruses of yellow fever, malaria and an unknown host of equally vicious enemies of all mankind. For many years, for example, there has been known in Northern Africa a particularly deadly form of ma- laria. It is carried by a variety of | mosquitoes which do not require | stagnant water for breeding. Hence it is much more difficult to combat. | So long as the disease was confined | to the African continent it was not of direct concern to the people of | the New World. But a few years ago | it suddenly appeared in Brazil— probably brought in by some trans- Atlantic plane over the short south- ern route. It has been a devastating plague. The Brazilian government has fought it with every means known to medi- cine, not only for itself but for its neighbors. The danger of its spread is so real that the United States Public Health Service has a mobile unit ready to rush to the scene the instant any case is reported in this country. It is easily conceivable that a similar outbreak might occur in the United States, constituting an equal menace to the other western republics. Such problems, it is to be expected, will be more frequent in the future. There is one organization, perhaps too little appreciated by the peoples of any of the nations which it rep- resents, which is constantly on guard against such threats—the Pan- American Sanitary Bureau, with offices in the Pan-American Union here and which operates with the constant co-operation of the United | count. ing here this week to map adequate preparedness for the future. They are the New World’s senti- nels against the dread hosts ofs the invisible. From their ranks in the past, both in the United States and in Latin America, have emerged some of the most devoted friends which man has known. Allied Reverses Although the exact character of the reverses the allies have suffered in central Norway is still masked by the incompleteness of the reports from Berlin, London and Stockholm, it is apparent that British and French forces are in danger of losing, if they have not already lost, the positions they won by daring feats of landing and penetration into the country. On the basis of their own claims the Germans appear to have com- pleted their drive up the Gudbrands +Valley as far as Dombas, strategic rail junction which the British occu- pied early in their entrance into Norway. Farther up the rallway toward Trondheim, at Storen, the Germans announce establishment of a link between their forces advanc- ing south from Trondheim and west- ward across the rugged Norwegian mountains from the Oster Valley. Some London military sources admit that Storen has fallen to the Germans. If Nazi accomplishments are as reported, they have “won the first trick”—as was admitted in London after the fall of Lillehammer—and it is a valuable trick. But it is only the first trick, a fact which should not be forgotten. ThesGermans have scored a vic- tory, but they have not relieved them- selves of the allied menace to their hold on Central and Southern Nor- way. The allies continue to hold positions both north and south of | Trondheim, at Namsos and Andals- nes. Their troop landings are now being protected by anti-aircraft bat- teries, the lack of which in the early stages of the advance on Trondheim received such wide publicity. Their fighter planes are operating either from land bases or plane carriers off | the coast. German air power in Central Norway is not now unchal- lenged. The Germans have a difficult task ahead of them in the consolidation of their hold on the railways along which their armies have driven. The troops which reached Dombas and Storen are only the advance guard. Now must come that complete and effective control of the railways which will permit the Germans to reinforce their garrison in and near | Trondheim. Against the establishment of that | control the Germans will find them- | selves up against a kind of guerrilla warfare which the Nofwegians, fa- miliar with their rocky homeland, will know how to conduct in league with their British-French allies. The German communication lines are being extended, a condition which the Japanese, driving deeply into China, found not conducive to effective control of the country be- yond gun range of the railways. The battle for Norway still is unsettled, and when it is finished it will have been but one phase of the entire war which the allies and the Germans are waging. Possession of Norway would provide either side with immense strategic advantages, which should influence, but probably not determine, the final outcome. Inadequate Answer In strlki.ng back at critics of his | reorganization order placing the Civil Aeronautics Authority within the Commerce Department and abolishing the Air Safety Board, President Roosevelt unfortunately has failed to reply to many important specific criticisms which haye been raised against the plan. In the three weeks since his order was announced, there has been an unceasing storm of criticism from all parts of the Nation and from virtually all of the national aero- nautical organizations. During this period there has been scarcely a voice raised in support of the plan. Such unanimity of opinion on so vital a question is difficult to dis- This criticism cannot be dis- missed, as the President sought to do, by saying that it is actuated by | “ignorance, gullibility and politics.” A great mass of this criticism un- doubtedly has been sincere and it has come from people identified with civil aviation who obviously are seri- ously disturbed by an executive order which they consider unjustified and unwise. A great deal of the criticism has been leveled against the abolition of the Air Safety Board. In his reply, Mr. Roosevelt told newsmen that the investigation of accidents can be done competently without having three men at the top who have been fighting each other all day long. He referred, apparently, to the Air Safety Board. As a matter of fact, the Air Safety Board has been com- posed of but two men since last November 21, when Colonel Sympter Smith resigned to take over chair- manship of the Interdepartmental Engineering Commission, which is building Washington National Air- port. There has been no public evi- dence of any friction between the two remaining members, whose find- ings, obviously, have had to be unanimous, since disagreement would mean a deadlock.: - The best evidence that the Civil Aeronautics Authority and the Air Safety Board are working well is the fact that the Nation's air transport States Public Health Service. Under its auspices the health directors of all the American countries are meet- system has been operating for more than a year without death or serious: injury; that the great civil pilot /f training program is going ahead with unparalleled ; safety; that the air- lines are prospering and are han- dling passenger, mail and express trafic which is increasing month by month in a succession of new all- time records. For years, civil aviation was regu- lated from within the Commerce Department. Much of that period was marked by inefficiency, wran- gling and a lack of results which was reflected throughout the industry. Conditions since creation of the Civil Aeronautics Authority and the Air Bafety Board, beyond any question, have improved very greatly. Why give up a system which is beneficial and successful go back to one which has beent tried and found wanting? z Congress is going to be asked to | vote down the President’s reorgani- zation plan, and it should be voted down unless Mr. Roosevelt can make a more specific and more convineing\| answer to his critics. ———————— Instructive Visiting Nurses Representative Thomas C. Hen- nings, jr.,7of Missouri recently intro-~ duced in the House a bill requiring the Post Office Department to issue a stamp in homage to members of the nursing profession. There was ample precedent for his suggestion in postal labels brought out by Belgium, France and other countries and in the Red Cross commemorative of the United States, released in 1931, But Mr. Hennings also may h\ve had in mind such useful groups of devoted women as those who are banded together in the Instructive Visiting Nurse Society. They met a compelling human need in 1900, when their work was established, and conditions have not changed so much in the past four decades as to indi- cate that it should be discontinued. On the contrary, the demand for such service is increasing. No Gov- ernment agency ever has been or ever is likely to be devised to substi- tute for what, for lack of a better phrase, is called “the personal ele- ment.” The state, even in its kind- liest aspects, must deal with people not as individuals, but as masses. Meanwhile, to the I. V. N. 8. a suf- fering man or woman or child is a fellow creature who properly cannot be regarded as “a thing or an ab- straction.” Particular identity is the element which the organization rec- ognizes, protects and guards. The thought may be trite today, yet it should be appreciated that, in a world afflicted with regimentation, the human spirit is a value deserving of defense wherever democracy still prevails. Representative Frances Bolton of Ohio surely was speaking the truth when, at the Instructive Visiting Nurse Society’s anniversary dinner last evening, she warned against any tendency toward “Gov- ernment absorption” of indispensable private charities. Wherever on earth the experiment has been tried it has provoked evils more tragic and costly than the theoretical errors it was supposed to cure. "Care of Parks The Office of Nationai Parks has appealed to Washing- Capital | tonians to refrain from wearing | short-cut paths across grassy areas in the downtown section, particu- larly the Mall. Park officials are entirely justified in making this appeal and it should receive the fullest public co-operation. Areas in question, principally the Mall, the Ellipse and South Interior Square, have been built up at con- siderable public expense, and the cost of repairing the damage done by careless walkers is simply an unnecessary addition to park main- tenance charges. There. is still another reason for curbing thoughtless injury to the park areas. Washington is justly proud of its appearance and the parks are not the least of its assets. But they can be transformed into unsightly liabilities if used as thor- oughfares by persons unwilling to take the trouble to use the walks that have been prepared for ordi- nary pedestrian purposes. Petition Denied Magistrate Anna M. Kross of New York has dismissed the complaint of an angry woman against a man who had taken his courage in hand and referred to her hat as a basket. Thus was a precedent established giving mere man the legal right to a habit in which he has indulged since the dawn of history—that of criticizing feminine headgear. A magistrate’s court may be an extremely low cog in the compli- cated machine of the law; but for the very reason that it is so humble, it often grinds out a decision strictly of, by and for the people. Note, for instance, the himan quality of the lady magistrate’s words in denying the fair plaintiff’s petition—*“Most of us do wear crazy, ridiculous hats, anyway.” It may be predicted with safety that her decision is sound enough to run the gantlet of all higher courts in the land, no matter how well packed they may be, as long as the majority of judges are married. Just the same, a word of caution is given to the over-ambitious hus- band who proposes, on the strength of this ruling, to break out in a great big horse laugh at his wife’s latest spasm in millinery. He may be legally in the clear in his criticism, but if he carries it too far, is apt to find himself financially in the soup as a result of having to buy her another. a Russia and Germany have blood on their hands and Mexico seems to have oll on hers. : ® W, ; Denies Total of Aliens Exceeds Unemployed Gross Exaggeration Seen In Statement by E. E. Gront To the Bditor of The Star: In a letter to the editor by E. E. Grant, & former legislator from San Francisco, published in The Evening Star under date of April 16, the following appeared: “In recent years the total aliens ad- mitted to the United States exceeds the number of the unemployed.” It is respectfully submitted that this statement is grossly exaggerated. I earnestly believe that a newspaper with the reputation for integrity that The Star has should furnish the undersigned an opportunity to correct this glaring misstatement. Otherwise it may cause mischief. Let us look at the record. It is gen- erally conceded that the unemployed in this €ountry number between 9,000,000 and 10,000,000. If the total number of aliens admitted in recent years approxi- mated, as is claimed by Mr. Grant, the total “number of unemployed, then the tota] number of aliens admitted in re- cent years would also amount to between 9,000,000 and 10,000,000 How grossly exaggerated this statement is becomes quite clear upon an examination of the statistics of the Department of Labor. During the years 1931 to 1939, inclusive, the net increase of immigration over emigration amounted to only 19,398, an infinitesimal fraction of the number con- tended to have been admitted by the writer of the letter. Immigration and emigration statistics for the period 1931~ 1939, inclusive, released by the Depart- ment of Labor, show the following: Immigrant Emigrant Net In- Yo, Admied. Deseied, Deeeas 1931 ____" 97,139' 61,882 35,257 1932 ____ 35576 103,295 61,119 1933 ____ 323068 80,081 57,013 1934 29,470 30771 10301 1935 ____ 34,956 38,834 3878 1936 ____ 36329 35817 512 1937 ____ 50244 26,736 23508 1938 ____ 67895 25210 42,685 | 1939 ____ 82,998 26,651 56.347 457,675 438,277 19,308 The correctness of these figures may be verified at the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, Department of La- bor, Taking the most favorable years, that is, from 1936 to 1939, inclusive, the number of aliens admitted amounted only to 103,052 and not to the countless millions Mr. Grant would like us to believe were admitted. Under the circumstances, it is only fair to ask this question: How can 103,- 052 aliens seriously affect or disrupt the economic, social or political order of & nation of 130,000,000 people living har- moniously, though the number of 130,- 000,000 is made up of many nationalities, strains and origins. It may be stated that a substantial number of the aliens which have been admitted during $he last four years, the so0-called “refugees” from the totalitarian states, have brought a substantial amount of capital. In many instances they have created jobs for American workers. Let me cite only one example, There is the case of three refugees who used to export a certain type of wool hosiery to the United States from Ger- many. These refugees have set up a factory in Massachusetts, where they now employ 38 American workers, Many other instances could be cited, but it is | not really necessary. Furthermore, it is not believed that any of the aliens who have been admitted in the last four years have become public charges on any municipality or community. Every alien who comes to America is & consumer and must be so of necessity. As such, he makes a contribution to the economy of America. It is a fact which cannot be seriously denied that every wave of immigration brought with it a wave of prosperity. Of course, Mr. Grant is entitled to his opinion as to a refugee haven in Alaska, but this Government has not taken any active steps toward the realization of this project. It is merely academic, April 27, LOUIS E. SPIEGLER. Defends Principles of Socialist Party. To the Editor of The Star: We Socialists are often labeled ideal- istic dreamers, unrealistic thinkers. That is & mistaken accusation. Our criticisms of the present economic in- stitutions are specific; the alternatives we advance are concrete, ‘We blame our production-for-profit system for its complete lack of plan- ning, the principal consequence of which is the continual repetition of alternation peribds of a “prosperity” and severe depressions. As a substitute for the economic chaos resulting from the free competition of private enter- prise, Socialists advocate a planned econcmy based upon the collective ownership ‘and control of producers goods. Socialists attack the reliance upon the profit motive as a guide to produc- tion. We point out that the attempt to maximize profits may frequently lead to an economy of scarcity rather than to an economy of abundance. The Socialist alternative is the concept of social wel- fare. On this basis the aim of produc- tion would be the maximization of the material living standard of the general population. Our third indictment is the gross in- equalities in income distribution which prevail under our present social and economic structure. Socialists propose to decrease these inequalities by 'a system of distribution based upon either need or productivity. Finally, Socialists attack the com- plete lack of economic democracy exist- ing today. The principal ;means upon which we Socialists would rely for the introduction of economic democracy are the trade unions. These would be given & functional role. That is to say, labor organizations would be concerned not merely with wages, hours and work- ing conditions, but would have a voice —and the dominant voice—in the deter- mination of the nature and direction .of productive activity in general. If the Democratic or Republican party had so “unrealistic” an under- standing of our economic setup as out- lined above there would be no need today for the Socialist party. “ONTARIO ROAD. “Dear Bir: A “Can tell me what kind of thrushes one is likely to see in Wash- ington at this season? i “On Sunday, April 14, near the creek in Rock Creek Park, just above Cal- vert Street Bridge, I saw an unfamiliar bird, which was certainly & .thrush. “It hopped along like a robin, was smaller than a robin and’ larger than any sparrow. It was certainly not a robin, a wood thrush, nor . a water thrush. “I find the following thrushes are migrant here—Eastern hermit thrush, olive-backed thrush, gray - cheeked thrush, Bicknell's thrush, veery, and willow thrush. *The bird in question almost certainly had no eye ring (according to my close observation on that point), which ap- parently would eliminate the olive~ backed thrush, “The bird looked most like the plate of the gray-cheeked thrush in my ‘Birds of America,’ although if there was a gray cheek, it eluded me. “Is it likely that a gray-cheeked thrush or possibly Bicknell's thrush or maybe some other one, could have visited Washington as early as April 14? “If nothing else, bird study has taught me the valuable quality of close ob- servation, which I lacked before find- ing these new friends. “Thank you! “Very truly yours, H. T. D.” * ¥ k * Eight thrushes have been identified in the Washington area. They are the wood thrush, the most common; Wilson's thrush, or veery; the willow thrush; the gray-cheeked thrush; Bicknell's thrush; olive-backed the Northern water thrush, and Grinnell's water thrush. According to May Thacher Cooke, the Northern water thrush is common in migration, often being seen along the oank of the Potomac, or found in other low ground. Average date of arrival is April 27, although & specimen has been seen as early as April 16. Grinnell's water thrush is rarer, hav- ing been identified here three times, May 11, 1879; May 5, 1885, and August 5, 1886. This is a Western bird, Earliest dates for the others, as given in the books, is April 13, for the wood thrush; April 9, Wilson's thrush; May 6, gray-cheeked thrush; April 18, olive- backed thrush. The hermit thrush is listed as a common migrant and rare winter visitant. The willow thrush is a Western veery, identified only twice in this area, once by Ned Hollister, in September, 1920, and by, H. C. Oberholser in 1922. Both were seen in the National Zoological Park. * X X X The wood thrush is a common sum- mer resident, whereas the @&hers are seen only cheeked thrush and Bicknell's thrush cannot be told apart in the fleld. The bird, which our correspondent could not identify, probaly was a fox in migration. The gray- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, MAY 1, 1940, - THIS AND THAT By Charles E. Tracewell. sparrow. This bird looks remarkably like a thrush. The oven bird is anotner species which somewhat resembles a thrush. Some amateur observers speak of a “big thrush,” meaning the brown thrasher. The oven bird, however, does not hop like & robin, but walks like a chicken. The earliest a wood thrush has been reported this season was April 5 by a correspondent of this column. Another was reported April 14. This column had ot seen one by April 23, so was content to expect them by April 28, the usual day of arrival in nearby Maryland. * ok ok *x ‘The wood thrush is seen a hundred to one for any of the others, and is, there- fore, the best known and most loved of the race. A few years ago it seemed to be on the decline, but in recent years has come back strongly, and now is almost as familiar in our suburban sections as the faithful robin. This is the beautiful brown bird with the spots on its chest, and a most mar- velous song, in addition to manners which place it among the elite of the bird kingdom. Its four-part song, with real melody, seems to fit into the spring as perhaps no other song does, so right is it in every way, so loud yet so soft, so clear yet so tantalizingly difficult to whistle. We have heard but one person who could give this song properly, and she would never have fooled a thrush. * * X X Although its name, wood thrush, still clings from pioneer days, this hand- some creature is more of a suburban bird today. Its name rightfully belongs to the hermit alone, which still sticks closely to the wooded areas. If you want to hear this one, you will have to go to | the forest, and even then you probably will never see it. It was a favorite of many others. The wood thrush, now in a fair way of becoming the town thrush, has given | over its timid habits. It seems to preter, along with the wrens, to be near the habitations of man. quite at home, hopping around fear- lessly beneath the shrubbery, even fol- lowing a lawn mower without fear. This bird is perfect in appearance, demeanor, and song. The latter has a sort of double quality which is not uncommon in bird song. Its four-part melody is interspersed with harsh notes which are not heard more than 50 feet away, but even at a closer distance fit in very well with the purer notes, on the theory that dis- sonance reveals the sweetness of pure tones. Many persons believe tiat suburban dwelling hath no greater charm than the song of the wood thrush. If you have just moved out, be sure to watch and listen from now on for that first of charmers, the justly famous wood thrush. That he comes to your grounds and your trees will always seem just a little unbelievable. Letters to | Statements of Dr. Colm Draw Comment. To the Editor of The Star: In a recent news article in The Star, Dr. Gerhard Colm, speaking before the Conference on National Economic Policy at George Washington University, is quoted as having made a number of statements which will not bear close | examination. For 1nstance, he is quoted as saying | that “problems of a maturing economy” | caused the overthrow of democratic OV~ ernments in Europe; that “deficit spend- ing can bring about recovery,” and that tax policies should be adopted “to pre- vent excessive national savings.” Dr. Colm is said to have come from Germany in 1933, and to be serving as financial adviser to the Secretary of Commerce. It may be no fault of Dr. Colm’s, but it should be noted here that Germany has not yet solved her own economic problems, even though, thanks to the large numbers “employed” in her army, SS and SA organizations, the Gestapo, and in the manufacture of arms and munitions and construction of fortifications, military roads, etc., she has no unemployed. And if Dr. Colm has been correctly quoted above, our own ‘Problems are not going to be solved with his help. A “maturing economy” did not over- throw democratic governments in Eng- land, France, Belgium, Holland and the Scandinavian countries. And it was not & “maturing economy” which destroyed democratic government in Cgzecho-Slo- vakia. That little country was success- fully solving her economic problems, as well as her social and political problems, when she was brutally assaulted by a nation which had shown itself incapable of self-government and which had also failed to solve her economic problems. And Czecho-Slovakia was solving her economic problems by the old and tried methods of industry and thrift—the only way they can be solved, and the only way we in the United States will ever solve our economic problems and regain pros- perity. . “Deficit spending,” which, in ordinary English, means living beyond one's means, has never yet brought prosperity to any individual or nation. It is only production, and still more production, tnat can bring and maintain prosperity. And only productive investments can in- crease our production and our national wealth, Capital outlays by governments are not usually in this class, unless we adopt state socialism or some form of collectivism; and that means an over- throw of democratic governments. “Deficit spending” is merely a camou= flaged form of public charity, a tempo- rary expedient in an emergency, but it can never yield a sound economy. And, as for “excessive national savings,” that is a phrase without meaning. As the country gentleman said when he saw his first giraffe, “There ain't no such ani- EDW. WOLESENSKY. (] the Editor Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer although the use of a pseudonym for publication is permissible. Please be brief! | Comments on Teachings Of Bertrand Russell. To the Editor of The Star: Defenders of Bertrand Russell, who say there is no eVidence to show that Russell's teaching has corrupted his pupils, should know that, from the nature of the case, it would be impossible to obtain such evidence. A teacher may exercise a bad influence upon his pupils by making covert allusions (which intel- ligent ‘youths are quick to apprehend) and by veiling perverse teachings with a laugh or a joke without disturbing the decorum of the class, or exposing himself to the criticism of his pupils. It is stupid to say that Russell has been hired to teach mathematics, and, therefore, would not advocate his moral doctrines in the classroom. When a man of intelligence and learning becomes interested in religion and moral philos- ophy and employes his gifts (as Russell has done) in writing upon these subjects, his other interests, whether they be mathematics, medicine, engineering or what not, become subordinated in his mind to these primary interests of religion and morality. Every man recog- nizes, consciously or unconsciously, that religion and morality are the most important interests of man, and the glamour of these subjects and the his- torical greatness of the men who have been pre-eminent in treating of them, induce any man who has a gift for the investigation of these branches of knowl- edge to plume himself more upon the study and treatment of these subjects than upon all other subjects in which he Is interested. In one way or another, Russell would unquestionably inculcate his doctrines upon his-pupils. CHARLES HOOPER, San Francisco. April 26. Hopes President Roosevelt ‘Will Be Re-elected. To the Editor of The Star: In these trying times, when we are threatened with “isms” clans and creeds, all God-fearing people should be united. We should thank the Lord for men like James Farley, a man so big that the “rabble rousers” fail to “rouse.” I envy his good judgment on the election Tesults in 1936. I hope that Farley backs the President for a third term, but the voters are the ones to decide whether or not he will be elected. I think that we, the 40,000,000 voters, vfllrnumberduthylwhmpeon}swere hungry, roaming all.over the United States and in many cases salvaging some- thing to eat wherever it could be found. We of the rank and file should look to Mr. Roosevelt and repeat that slogan of 1936, “Hello, F. D., here we come.” Alexandfia, Va. 8, N. ELSEA. April 27, S | Walt Whitman, John Burroughs, and | | In an average suburban garden it is | Haskin's Answers To Readers’ Questions By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Eve=- ning Star Information Bureau, Fred= eric J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is the per capita circulation ‘of money in the United States?—L. N. A. On February 29, 1940, the amount of money in circulation per capita was $56.56. Q. Are there any memorials to char- acters in fiction?—L. M. C. A. At Hannibal, Mo., the boyhood home of Mark Twain, there is a monument to ‘Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn. Kensington Garden in London contains the bronze figure of Peter Pan. Alice in Wonder- land is immortalized in a stained glass window in All Saints Church at Dares- bury, Cheshire County, England, where Lewis Carroll was born. Q. How much do cities in the United States spend for street cleaning?—D. 8. P. A. According to a survey of 26 cities made by the American Public Works Association, an average of $437 a mile was spent for street cleaning in 1939, The total bill for the 26 cities, all with over 100,000 population, amounted to $19,000,000. Q. What bridges in the United States have the highest tolls?>—F. N. A. The American Automobile Associa= tion says that the two bridges which have the highest tolls are the one which connects Vicksburg, Miss., and Delta, La., $1.25 for car and driver and 15 cents additional for each passenger, and the one connecting Collins Landing, N. Y., and Ivy Lea, Ontario, $1.25. There are a number of bridges in this country which have a $1 one-way toll charge for car and driver, Among them are the Cairo Bridge across the Mississippi River and the Cape Girardeau Bridge. Q. Where is Pagosa Mountain?—B, T i | A. Pagosa Mountain is located in the southwestern corner of Colorado. It 15 in the S8an Juan Mountains and is 12,674 feet high. Q. What are the wages and hours of a | sandhog?—J. C. A. Sandhogs are paid a minimum of $12 a day. At low pressure they work six hours a day. Under the East River, where préssure 1s 29 pounds, they work only four hours, in two-hour shifts, Q. When was the first Woolworth store opened in Washington, D. C.?—R. P, 5. A. The first of these stores was estab- lished in August, 1895, on Pennsylvania avenue, Q. What State has the longest coast line?—L. G. A. The State having the longest coast line is Florida, whose total mileage is 3,751, Q. When was night baseball instituted at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn?—R. S. A. Night baseball was played there for the first time on ®une 15, 1938, when John Vander Meer of Cincinnati pitched his second successive no-hit game. Q. Is there a male fish that produces young?—D. R. S. A. The female sea horse places unfer- tilized eggs in the brood pouch of the male, where they are carried until hatched. Q. What is the theme song of Lum and Abner?—C. E. H. A. The song used on this program is “Eleanor,” by Jessie L. Deppen. Q. How much did the battleship West Virginia cost?—W. B. A. The cost of the West Virginia was $26,889,851.56. Q. What honor did Pope Pius XI be= stow on the late Clarence Mackay?—T. B. A. In 1931 Pope Pius XI made him a Knight of Malta, the highest Catholic lay honor. Q. Please give the particulars of the railroad accident in Ashtabula, Ohio, in the 1870s.—W. R. V. A. The railroad disaster at Ashtabula, Ohio, occurred on December 29. 1876, when the bridge over the river collapsed and the train fell a distance of 75 feet. As the coaches were of wood and were heated by wood stoves, many of the cars were burned. More than a hundred lives were lost. The findings of the committee to investigate the disaster stated that the accident was due to the fact that the bridge was not constructed in accord- ance with certain well-established engi- neering principles. The accident occurred on the Lake Shore Railroad line. Q. What kind of tax was the fumage? W.N.C. A. The fumage or chimney tax is men- tioned in Domesday as paid to the king for every chimney in the house. Edward, the Black Prince, is said to have im- posed a tax of a florin for every hearth in his French dominions The first sta- tutory enactment in England required a tax of two shillings on every hearth in certain houses to be paid to the king. The tax was abolished in 1689. Q. Please give the names of Caesar's wives.—C. C. A. Caesar’'s wives were Cossutia, Cor= nelia, Pompeia and Calpurnia, Q. What makes a Mexican jumping bean jump?—D. S. H. A. The 1arva of a moth enters the seed, on which 1t feeds, and by its contortions makes the bean jump. The Flowering Above my head the jeweled April sky Has flowered in great puffs of dazzling white To giant snowballs blossoming on high; A cluster touched with gleaming silver light. Upon the lawn the bush of bridal wreath Is curved in white cascades that billow down Their sweeping laces to the grass be- neath Like some fair maiden in her wide- , hooped gown. The little lake has burst to blossom, too, Catching the wonder of this magic day, And in its limpid surface, clear and blue, Reflects their beauty like a great bou- quet. Sweet | circumstance, this singing April weather; Skies, earth and water flowering all toe gether! MARION H. ADDINGTON. 0