Evening Star Newspaper, July 25, 1937, Page 27

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 25, 1937—PART TWO. D3 WH HULL DEBUNKS DOCTRINE OF MERIT IN ISOLATION Good Neighbor in Family of Nations Is One Who Seeks Progress Through Mutual Efforts, He Asserts. BY GASTON NERVAL. ATIN AMERICAN statesmen, who are co-operating with the United States in building up the peace machinery of this pide of the world, have welcomed Sec- etary Hull's restatement of the posi- ion of the United States in the field of foreign affairs. However, those who have played up the second part of the secretary’s declaration of policies—that part pro- fessing respect for international com- pacts, repudiating force and indors- Ing peaceful, diplomatic means in the rolution of oxternal controversies— have missed the main significance of the pronouncement There is nothing new in the asser- tion that the United States believes in the sanctity of treaties and that | it abhors war in the settlement of international differences. What is more, there would be nothing new in the repetition of similar pledges by eny other country Al nations are commiited, with more or less sincerity, to the observance of written agreements and obligations regulating their relations with one snother. Even the most ambitious governments, today. pretend to cover their aggressions with renewed assur- | ances of respect for international treaties and for the rules of the law | of the nations, which they interpret 10 suit their own purposes No Doubt About Claim. In the case of the United States those assurances are sincere, at the | present moment probably more sincere than those of any other country, but precisely because they are so, they lose novelty. After for s of “good neighbor” policy; after four vears of practical demonstrations of the fact that the United States has actually become a good neighbor in the Ameri- can family of nation 8s President Roosevelt said on that historic March 4th, “who resolutely respects himself and because he does ®0 respects the rights of others, the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the ctity of his Rgreements in and with a world of neighbors"—no one could still doubt the position of the United States in the matter of treaty observance. already known, was that in which he stated “Any situ; armed ties are in proer or are threatened is a situation wherein and intersets of all nations either are or may be seriously affected There can be no serious hostilities | envwhere in the world which will not | one way or another affect interests or Tizhts or obligations of this country.” Coming at a time when the cries of fsolation are loudest in the United Btates: when a large section of public opinion in this country has already | been sold on the illusion that it is| possible to preserve the neutrality of | the world's creditor in a major armed | conflict outside this continent, and when political leaders and editorial | BTIters Carry to extremes of absurdity their demands of complete abstinence | of even commercial relations with foreign eountries at war, Secretary | eSS civilized | “‘the neighbor,” | | Western Hemispt Hull's pronouncement is & brave and frank recognition of a reality which might prove dangerous to conceal any longer. Interdependence of nations has grown to such complex propor- tions, #hat the outbreak of serious hostilities in the remotest corner of the earth must of necessity concern a power of so vast and extended inter- national contacts, commercial and financial, and such unlimited economic resources as the United States. Trust in Isolation OQutdated. Intelligent people in the United States have acknowledged this fact long ago, but somehow men in high Government positions pretend to ig- nore it out of deference for a tradi- tional, though outdated, belief of the crowds in the blessings of perfect isolation. Secretary Hull now officially puts an end to that myth, and in so doing, he is only being consistent with himself and with his definition of the | “Bood neighbor,” given some time ago in connection with his program of | commercial internationalism: “In Washington's time,” the Secre- tary said, “the sins of nations were almost wholly the sins of commission. A nation which lived solely unto itself was not a bad neighbor. The eco- nomic integration of the world has totally altered that situation. The sins of omission today rank equal with the sins of commission. A nation which on civilization, increases the dangers of its own position, both economically and politically, stirs up international animosities and threatens thereby the peace of the world. Isolation and In keeping with this philosophy, Secretary Hull now promises *‘co- operative effort by peaceful and prac- tical means” in support of these siders depends the peace of the world | National and international self- respect, abstinence by all nations from use of force in pursuit of policy and from interference in the internal affairs of other nations, adjustment of problems in international reiations by processes of peaceful negotiation and agreement, sanctity of treaties and | their modification when need arises | by orderly processes carried out in a spirit of mutual helpfulness and accomodation, revitalizing the strengthening of international law, promotion of economic security and | stability the world over, etc. These are. precisely, the principles which the present administration has been promoting successfully in the re under the “good neighbor™ banner, The fact that the United States recognizes these principles to be the | requisites of peace is no novelty, but the co-operation which the United States promises, by organ of its Secre- tary of State, in support of such principles whenever thev may be | threatened by serious hostilities any- where in the world, is news, and very important news, to all men of good Will. It is encouraging to hear the man in'charge of the foreign relations of the most powerful single nation on | earth agree with the Litvinov theory that peace is indivisible. (Copyright, 1937.) — e e Nation-Wide T.V. A’s Nearer First Page) | fifth, the basins of the Arkansas, Red | and Rio Grande Rivers; sixth, the of the Colorado River and ng into the Pacific south the Oregon-California boundary, and sevent he Columbia River basin. | Use Is Different. | It is in their contemplated utiliza- | tion of the seven regions that the #ouse and Senate hills differ. | The former, in brief, provides for the creation of regional planning agen- | cies with power to make studies and purveys, to co-ordinate the work of Federal, State and local government azencies within thelr areas, and to recommend development projects to the President and Congress. The regional agencies would not have the power themselves to undertake actual development work. The Mansfleld bill handles the power development potentialities by author- Izing the President, “whenever in his judgment the national public interest | or the interests of economy and effi- | ciency will be served thereby,” to cre- ate regional power authorities to de- | velop and sell electric power. Senator Norris, always a champion of public power development, combines the planning and power schemes by authorizing the seven administrative BUthorities to proceed with power de- velopment programs rather than ewait appointment of a separate nzency. While this difference might easily piove to be nothing more than aca- demic., some supporters of the theory of regional development feel very ktrongly that the separation as pro- vided in the House bill is desirable, eince it places first emphasis on con- eervation and development of re- rources and careful planning, whereas the Norris bill might lead to hasty efforts to extend the Government's participation in the power business. Commerce Unit Hits Plan. That this major difference in the two bills i not enough to appease critics of the whole scheme is obvious from some of the comment which greeted introduction of the measures. For instance, the United States Chamber of Commerce sees in the two proposals “the amazing extent to which the administration is ready to g0 in seizing for the Federal Govern ment control of the country’s natural resources. “Although they differ somewhat in methods, both bills would abandon principles of national policy which the chamber's membership has approved. “The flood control act enacted by Congress in 1936 incorporates princi- ples which the chamber supports. These principles include Federal lead- ership and continued use of the Army Engineers for surveys and execution. The legislation now proposed for new regional Federal agencies would cut across these principles and turn over to the new agencies functions now performed by the engineers. “The chamber's membership has #tood for the principle that control of stream pollution is primarily for the States and interested communities. “The proposed legislation, however, would place the authority for handling this important problem directly in { Joint activities of local concern after the hands of the Federal Govermnent “Use of the method expressly pro- | vided in the Constitution for handling | situations and problems common to | several States by agreements or com- | pacts has been urged by the chamber | in connection with flood control and | prevention of stream pollution. It rests upon recognition of the soverign capacities of the States and the wis- dom of enabling them to conduct perfecting compacts in which they deal | directly with Congress. Under the | provisions of these bills, however, there would be a wide departure from that method. “Not Timely Nor Juulflcd:" ‘The Tennessee Valley Authority was avowedly set up as an experiment. Three hundred million doliars is the cost to the public for the experiment thus far. The results have not yet been demonstrated. It would appear that the extension of the experiment to six_more similar authorities spread | over the entire country is neither timely nor justified.” And the Committee of Utility Ex- ecutives charges the whole idea “is | patently a plan to TVAize the nation. It further develops the broad outline | of a plan to destroy and displace the private electric power industry by subsidized competition.” Other critics charge that the estab- lishment of the seven authorities would result in public control of indus- try or of agriculture or both, Without hope of effective argument, it would seem that all these criticsms contain a fair degree of accuracy but all of them pass by the question of Whether the greatest good to the Breatest number may not be served best by some such approach to a socialistic preservation and develop- ment of the country’s natural re- sources. The alternatives are private develop- ment, frequently a monopolistic condi- ton that is highly profitable to a few and highly expensive to many; development by States, or outright weste and neglect, Many pros and cons already have been aired on the wisdom of private control of natural resources, and at the present time it has become more a political than a practical issue. To escape the political, let us pass this alternative. States Unable to Handle It. For a different reason, namely that there is only one side to the question, We may ignore the alternative of neg- lecting our natural resources. There is, then, the possibility of leaving such development to the States. The unwisdom of such dependence is noted by the Technical Committee on Regional Planning which points first to the arbitrary “asis on which State lines originally were drawn and their total disregard of characteristics of nature thus embraced. For instance, State boundaries along the Eastern seaboard were determined by the early land patents and grants. In the river valleys of the central part of the continent, river bank communities were united into States when they be- now lives solely unto itself is a drag | major principles, upon which he con- | BY PERTINAX. i URING the first five months | | of this year, German policy | | seemed to be striking a | calmer and more peaceful note in the Spanish situation. As & result, the inference was drawn in | | London that the time had come to | resume negotiations with Adolf Hitler, | with high hopes of achieving & Euro- | pean settlement. But, suddenly, in | | June, it turned out that the moderat- ing influence of Baron von Neurath was on the wane in Berlin, and that the | hotheads of National Socialism were /in the ascendant. How shall we account for that change, which indi- cates that Germany’s more conciliatory attitude on the international plane is merely superficial and of a tactical nature? | Three factors are cited as the reason | for Der Fuehrer's changed attitude: The crisis of Stalin's dictatorship, which is supposed to imply a weaken- ing of Soviet power: the governmental, monetary and social difficulties with | which the French have had to con- tend: the capture of Bilbao by the Italian expeditionary corps under | Gen. Franco. Probably the developments in Franc must rank first in that list. As lon e A e arbitrarily and Statehood conferred | | when the population reached a certain | figure. The result, the committe points out, is that “no State 15 actually a | unit socially, economically or ph_\‘si-‘ | cally. * * Broad combinations of resources may extend over several include the whole of any one State Thus any given State may fall into two or more regional units * * * There is almost nothing which can be said about an entire State, and almost no recommendation can be made which is applicable to the entire State Even in the few instances where a State is relatively homogenous throughout, that homogeneity usually extends for beyond State boundaries.” States Will Lose. In view of this disorderly geograph- | ical relationship between the States | and the natural resources, it is not strange that these political entities | show & poor record for effective | husbanding of the resources. That such failure more than over- | balances the loud contentions of the zealous guardians of “State's rights” who fight their best against central- ization of power in the Federal Gov- ernment is noted by many observers. Editorial Research Reports quotes one of the most astute of these, W. B. Munro, professor of history and gov- | ernment at California Institute of | Technology. Reminding the State's-righters that extension of Federal authority cannot | be impeded “by merely raising & cry against Federal centralization, so long as it is apparent to everybody that the ends which a majority of the peo- | ple desire cannot be attained by letting each State use or misuse its power as it sees fit,” Munro continues: “People will not starve® or suffer continued injustice or forever tolerate economic inequities in the name of checks and balances, State's rights, or reserved powers. * * * Something more constructive will have to be planned and presented. And region- alism seems to be the only prac- ticable compromise between un- hampered State individualism and virtually complete Federal central- lization. For it is quite certain, on the one hand, that the national gov- ernment will not cease its endeavor to extend Federal control over the agricultural, industrial, and commer- cial life of the entire country. On the other hand, if the States stand doggedly against any changes what- ever in the present allocation of powers, they are virtually certain to lose—slowly, perhaps, but surely. That is what they have been doing for a generation or more. They will be the intrepid rearguards of a retreating cause.” istn(es. but in few instances do they | States See Need. ‘That the States already recognize the need for regional co-operation is evident in the formation of the Coun- cil of State Governments in 1935 and the creation of 33 State commissions on interstate co-operation. Under sponsorship of the council, an inter- state commjssion on the Delaware River Basin was created in 1936 and early this year there was established & similar co-operative agency for the ©Ohio River Basin. The States also have made in- creasing use of the compact system in arriving at some program of co-operative action, most notable examples being the Port of New York Authority under joint operation of New York and New Jersey, and the Colorado River commission with Ari- 2ona, California, Colorado, Nevada, came numerous enough. In the far- ther West, boundaries were laid out ] v New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming participating. | & way out of the blind alley. | a United Na Troublemakers ? —Drawn for The ago as last September the French , government was informed that Hitler | had been advised to make use of the social unrest among the French people | to strike a blow. It can, therefore, be | suspected that in the present situation, | when the popular masses are dis- appointed and irritated, the ruler of Germany has been told that, this| time, he must not allow the oppor- | tunity to pass, and must force a trial of will (which need not nec- essarily lead to a trial of strength) | in order to secure from Western | powers that freedom of movement in Central and Eastern Europe which must be regarded as the permanent | goal of pangermanist policy, Important Internationally There can hardly be any doubt that were France 10 be paralyzed by in- ternal disturbances, the peace of Europe could be seri jeopardized At any moment, and that the favorable results British rearmament has yielded would be cancelled aliogether. There- fore France's home politics are su- premely important upon the inter- national plane. What, then. is the issue which has so deeply stirred up the French nation? The issue that France has been acing in recent months can be con- veniently expressed through the slogan cotned by demagogues that, like the ! cartel of the Left in 1924 and 1932, her present leaders have to fight with | their back to the wall—the wall built | up of money, of capital funds which— while Leon Blum held the premier- ship, at any rate—refused to comply with the financial requirements of a government of socialistic inspiration The French government, more closely than any other, depends n the confidence it can inspire in the mass of investors The French national debt reaches the huge total of about 365 billion francs, and the short term debt (represented mainly by treasury bonds) is not less than some 25 billions. And. before the end of the year. to meet budget expendi- tures in excess of regular receipts and extraordinary expenditures not covered by taxation (40 billions in all for the vear), another 20 billions will have to be borrowed, including the 5 billions of | treasury bonds that happen to come to | maturity and will have to be re- financed. If the credit of the French govern- ment had been good, it could have provided itself, long ago, with the necessary means of discharging its obligations. But the Blum govern- ment could borrow short-term on]}" at about 9 per cent—as agaimst the | 2 or 1 per cent paid by the British and American treasuries, respectivel on their loans: for long-term borrow- ings, it “was 7 per cent as against 3 per cent. As long as the budget appeared to be permanently unbal- anced, France could not expect to find in the form of rumor In fact, it is doubtful whether they can halt the flight of capital it continues, the gold reserve of the Bank of France will be gradually whittled down to a smaller size. To- day that gold reserve, which in 1931 reached the high peak of 83 billion | francs, has fallen to the level of 57 billions of “Au of “Poincare” francs. This is slightly less than what is barely required to enable the French nation the European war it may have to face at any moment. For France must act on the principle that henceforward, even in the most tragic emergency, international borrowing would be out of the question. and most favor- able attitude upon which v on the part of the United J instance. corresponds to what has been labeled the “cash-and-carry” policy Mr. Blum and socialist friends were vehement in their denunciation of a plot of all investers, led by the banks The socialist m: ters complained that instead of turning over their moneys to the government: the capi- talists were vying with each other in and sterlng. They cast covetous eyes upon the 50 or 60 billions of francs which have found their way beyond the frontiers and exclaimed: “If only these funds could be | brought back within the ecircle of French economy, the problem which so sorely tries us would vanish and our wonderful schemes of national rehabilitation could be easily financed Then, a large share of prosperity and happiness would become available for It is very dangerous indeed for ministers to think that it is within their power to work miracles, that | past experience must not be taken as a guide—that they can turn this In their enthusiasm they will be ir- resistibly inclined to treat as public enemies all who criticize or oppose them—and even people who only strive to safeguard their own possessions. Being convinced that they werz confronted .by a plot, that a “money wall” had really been built up in order | to compel them to an early abject ! surrender, Mr. Blum and his Finance | Minister, Mr. Auriol, were about to | devise decrees which, indirectly at any rate, were intended to work more or less like the famous Mussolinian de- of Italian holdings in foreign lands. | They were intent upon throwing a net around the 50 or 60 billions of French investments abroad. If the Senate had not interposed with its veto about | the middie of June, it is hard to see whither these rigorous measures would have led the nation. Let us not forget that, to enfore ordinances of an analogous nature, The new government of Premier Camille Chautemps, with Georges Bonnet as Finance Minister, is making a strenuous effort to correct this situ- ation. On June 30 it devalued the franc; but whether its step will have any permanently beneficial results, remains to be seen. Reports of the year had to go so far as to threaten defaulters with capital punishment. Despite the Anglo-American-French monetary agreement of last October, and despite Mr. Blum's well known Rapidy Gr.owing Liberal Party in Japan Is Split on Fascism and Other Issues BY FRANK TOKIO.—In the troubled political | fascism, they envisaged a time when pattern of Japan the position of the | Japan, before achieving a system of SMOTHERS. they said they were guarding against Social Mass party presents special | real party politics, u_'ould have a one- interest. party. no-pfirl"v regime; would enter Still far behind the conservative | “one ideology." Minseito and Seiyukai in Diet seats. ‘The best definition whjrh I have it nevertheless has established itself | heard of Social Mass is “a party of as the one rapidly growing party in | blank radicalism That is, it may Japan. g0 to the left, it may go to the right. he | It may be collared by the army. working. " people. and pessante, Tiy| UmNADPY, extremely SnUAEy, fone i 5 S in the midst of the strug- highly ~ respected president, Prof. | Suspects, in h\:_r?“:e::em;meg“ & convinced | Bling factions of Japan, sits the social democrat. Yet the party in- | €mperor, divine, descended from the cludes men of far different political :‘:‘“]:“flfl;fit :’:: lif:;i‘e t:‘:; h:_“n; 't”"::t” lonsend e Eee AnYAGDLOS | o st o dacience takes no Many “liberals” in Japan consider | Political responsibility of his own. that it offers the only opportunity for ;"Vhfl‘k :‘:{C“"Snor:: :g::s ‘\2“-'8&";: the intelligent democrat’s vote. But | feW know. L the most intelligent of these have ‘"u‘hb’e Iast ;"{“Y“-‘uf*":’r;‘ o fa s e army : their fears. In addition to “social| V! sayed from democrats,” there are in Social Mass ::ni"tl:;m Thiey declare that he is men suspected of consciously desiring . fascism; others essentially Fascist, h:"d”g ‘;"‘"d ‘s:‘:;:’f ‘:YNF*‘: Kc;“e’c"k- without knowing it; others who fumble :'o age: rrt:eceextreml]sis about in_hazy theories which could some 0! o e lead them to the moon or socalism A";“ f“’mn e e Py premiers, upo 4 » the army woul lerate, the em- during this Japan visit I ha;re talked | por. - Sibddbee Rl with other leaders of Social Mass|ang’ continues to check progress to whose views were recorded in another | gaceism. sketch. When I left them I was con-| " It one has faith that human being vinced that despite their guarded | gooner or later, because of innate criticism of the army, @hosc particular | puman gifts, will in every land come men ";l";gc::s“l!‘;'e‘i; b‘.fl ;’;’gmm to self-government, one has that faith political s for Japan. On some distant day future understanding if not alliance | japan may be expected to achieve with the army. democracy. And I remembered that, although (owrmim the Chicsgo Dally News.) S expected repatriation of French capital | remain, at this writing, still largely | And if | " francs or 48 billions | to wage | having them transferred into dollars | dreary world of ours into a paradise. | crees of 1935-36 about the requisition | Germany's Hitlerian government last | Back of the French Crisis Can New Government End France’s Unrest and Array on Against Europe’s Sunday Star by F. Strothmann. and sincere determination to remain in the closest political and moral association with Great Britain and | the United States, a first step would creation of a totalitarian state. And followed by many other steps. After all, in Germany the mild dictatorship of Bruning paved the way for the thor- | ough-going dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. Exchange control marks the | initiation of the process. | The history of French finance and of French economy since last Autumn fully accounts for the abstention of the investors, as far as state borrow- ing is concerned. In the first place production costs, notwi: devaluation of the currency, again become higher than in England and America. owing to the introduc- | tion of the 40-hour week in an ex- | tensive manner, witl any heed paid | to the special conditions of each particular industry. As the outcome of continuot unrest and of the | exclusive competence claimed by the general confederation of labor in the | discussion of all problems which affect | average workman has been restricted rather than expanded. This fact can- not but accentuate the all-round rise of prices and make the reforms still | more indigestible by the economic No wonder that in those ecircum- stances the theory of the “increased purchasing power of the masses” vhich. not without some justification, had been invoked in the preceding Summer—when substantial additions were made to the then low salaries in existence—has broken down. On the | top of that failure ton often inexpert nancial management has consistently discouraged the return of capital funds France—those capital inds so needed, state borrowing left apart, to transform industrial plants <0 as to make them able to withstand | the impact of the reduction of working | hours and to recover their margin of profit | Balanced Budget Needed. By the fifth of last March the gov- ernment at last was forced to realize | that it must decree a pause or a | “breathing space’—that is, the definite postponement of additional social legislation which could only | make the financial and monetary problem more insoluble than ever It had been advised to show its deter- mination to balance the budget within one or two years. that arose from the initiation of that conservative policy were crushed with- in a few weeks, by the intemperate public speeches of some ministers. | Put in a nutshell, the question | comes to this: Can a socialist reform | of society and the maintenance of the capitalist structure be coupled {o- gether? Except in the case of the | mild and adulterated socialism of Mr | Ramsay MacDonald, the answer is in | the negative. They are exclusive of | each other. They cannot be more easily mixed up than fire and water. Therefore, the pretense of carrying out a true socialist reform of society with the help and good will of the capitalist structure is an empty dream. If that socialist reform of society has to be translated into concrete deeds, the capitalist structure has to be | pulled down and dictatorial methods | must be resorted to. Socialism cannot | get inlike a thief in the dark. To win | it must behave as an ironclad warriar. On the whole, there is hardly any alternative to the course of ‘action followed by Lenin, Mussolini and Hit- | ler. Against the “wall of money.” a majority of votes will prove helpless more often than not. Chautemps’ Task. Of course, if the private investor had not the opportunity to transfer his funds into foreign currencies, things would go differently. Then the national sovereignty upon every form of capital in the possession of Frenchmen could be enforced at will. Hitherto, it has been enforced only in so much as it was wielded by ministers who could be regarded as fairly respectful of the principle of private ownership, within reasonable bounds. When it is 'said that the country has been “losing gold,” that phrase must be understood in a relative sense. It is strictly true only for the period when financial, economic and budget- ary conditions hardly to be reconciled with the continuation of the capitalist society are seen to obtain, or where no minimum margin of profit is allowed to survive. The 50 to 60 billion francs that have gone away will be repatriated, in the long run—as soon as a national government which knows how to do its job proves that it is determined to do away with old abuses. The Chautemps cabinet, now in offics, may or may not prove to be J have been taken in France toward the | standing the | have | employment. the productivity of the | in- | But all the hopes | Surgery, Arguesthe BY THOMAS R. HENRY. T THE annual convention of the American Medical As- sociation last month, a re- markable surgical operation was reported-—potentially, perhaps, one of the most significant events in the history of mankind. An unsuccessful stock broker had developed a brain tumor. In order to save his life it was necessary to remove | one of the pre-frontal lobes of his cerebral cortex. Once rid of this eventful recovery and in a few months | of intensive effort made a half | doilars. Yet it was demonstrated by repeated tests that his basic intelli- | gence had somewhat deteriorated | Naturally, few reports | caused so much satisfaction to the | great mass of mankind who never have been able to accumulate a million dollars and in consequence have s fered from feelings of inferiority to- | wards those who have. And as for the joke-makers, the thing is already getting a bit stale. It is, of cou | great satisfaction when the m se, a lion= aire rolls by in his limousine—or is | | cross examined as to his tax evasions —to stick out our chests proudly and | say “Poor chap, he hasn't any brains!" Brains or Million. And wherever good fello: get letter of introduction to a competent brain surgeon. Strange as it may seem lots of folks would be willing to sacri- | fice their brains for a million dollars The whole reaction impels us to certain melancholy philosophical re- | flections in the light of recent world trends may not be so absurd as it seems to | Breatest need of mankind today 1s for | some simple, safe means of geiting rid of brain: Of course, this is not altogether serious but—-— might even be maintained that is an evolutionary relic, rds of mankind today is engaged in titanic efforts of one | milit etc.—to abolish thinking. | Over almost half the earth any person caught in the act is shot, decapitated, exiled or incarcerated. In the United States, it Is true, few overtly repressive measures have been enacted to date— perhaps due largely to that exagger- ated se nent a trait of the American char- acter. But this does not mean that Americans approve the practice of thinking. Perhaps nowhere else in the world 1s it 50 frowned upon by good citizens of all classes, | “Brain Trust” Amputated. | The word “brain trust | with growing scorn and derision unti’ | the administration had the good sense | election. It w {one of the foulest inuendos against the Republican candidate was that he proposed to establish a “brain trust” of his own. All the public: 3 |of the National Committee was put into action at once to combat the ridiculous charge, but nevertheless traces of it lingered in the public con- sciousness and may have contributed materially to the overwhelming defeat of last November. All the world, for that matter, seems | to have been unduly sentimental about | “brains” in the past. One doesn't { like to shoot a faithful old horse and there is a bit of foolish regret even | at sending the worn out family car to the junk yard. Thinking has been the | means by which man has made his laborious way upward from the ape- | dom to the radio and from the naked shiftlessness of a Congo village to the W. P. A, Naturally, there is an antiquarian interest in it. There is room for a few antiques in the mu- seums, but we don't want the place cluttered up with them arrived. Any further progress, world admits, is pathological and dangerous. It threatens the founda- tions of everything we hold sacred Why continue at something which is bound to get us into trouble? We may now look foreward hopefully to the day when St. Elizabeth's hospital will no longer be a burden on the tax- pavers but a source of considerable comes to Washington for a glimpse of men with brains safely shut up in iron | cages and a few curlous specimens of brains pickled in alcohol. Rob World of Utopia. The “evil of thinking” is that it is ’an insuperable bar to any sort of Utopia. It is as bad for the Utopia of | John L. Lewis as for the Utopia for | John Pierpont Morgan. It is as bad | for the Utopia of Herr Hitler as for the Utopia of Comrade Stalin It is child's play for any of us to “wreck this sor: scheme of things entirely and build it closer to the heart's desire.” But even a Tugwell can’'t remake the world if he is to be pestered perpetually by thinkers Utopias must be molded from plastic material. Mind is granite. It is [ equally refractory in the hands of communist or capitalist. Except in the past few vears, only the military have been able to dispense with the sickly sentimentality which has stood in the way of getting rid of the refrac. tory material. They have made short work of it, with the firing squad if necessary, and as a result in time of war, when they have been in control, the world usually has been blissfully free of it. Public schools have done their best, but it has been none too good. g Let us propound the loveliest scheme of society imaginable. Abolish pov- erty, abolish crime, abolish disease, abolish war with a few taps on the typewriter. Make everybody happy. Anybody can do it. All sorts of benevolent millionaires and wild-eyed radicals are adept at it and their that national government. If it makes good its claim to be such, it is sure to recover, somehow, that extra gold reserve which has been accumulated outside the field beaten by govern- mental decrees. Seen from that angle, a new view can be taken of the flight of capital to foreign countries. It works as a kind of insurance against the errors and vagaries of an omnipotent govern- ment. But for it the national wealth in its entirety would be staked upon the experiment of some adventurous premier or finance minister. And, as all the eggs would have been put in the same basket, very little would be rescued out of the catastrophe. We had better leave that formidable risk to the totalitarian states. 4 | grey matter, the fellow had an un- | on | ever have | | like the vermiform appendix or the | this step necessarily would have been | sort or another—political, educational, | was repeated | | to get rid of it in time to win the last | be remembered that | We have | the | revenue—visited by every sightseer who | WHY NOT END ALL WORRY BY ELIMINATING “BRAINS” Writer,Has Brought the Prospect of Utopia Closer Than Ever Before. | schemes differ fundamentally only tn | minor details. Most of us try it in an amateurish sort. of way every now and then, bullding according to our privats wishes and prejudices. But all such schemes seem to be open to a monot- onously repeated—and now, thank heavens, silly criticism. They are not in tune with human nature, o friends tell us. The Russian plan will not work because “human nature” is opposed to the equal division of wealth and there must be the incentive of private gain to keep folks working. Henry Ford's ideas are open to t same objection as Stalin's. Tha “speed-up, etc.,” are against “human nature.” The loveliest schemes junked for this ason | nothing that anyhody e benefit of anybody else quite fits n h “human nature” But this | is pure nonsense. Why has nohod except perhaps a major general or a top sergeant here and there—hit upon the obvious answer: Abolish human nature! have been Seemingly can devise for find out what it js— that is “human.” T much more miser- 1e beasts of the field—and of it. Get rid of § anly we get rid of in . as to- | | gether somebody is sure to ask for a | We can what approach the problem of analytically from two direr- Man, like the cat and the is a physical organism. We ere no concern for his spiritual which eludes the rigorous proc- esses of science elephan have being, What is there about esent the thesis that the | animal in proportion tn the we: his body. The greater excessive brain size seer | centrated immediately forehead. in the so-called pre-frontal lobe of the cerebrum. So exagzerated is the size of this that it may be con- sidered as an almost unique human {organ. Onl chimpanzees, the ®orillas, the oran-outans and some of I® MONKevs make even a remnte ap- | proach to human beings in this re- | spect. and they suffer under the disa- bility of being “almost human.™ Man Insists on Restlessness. part of this | Having located human nature or- ganically. it is a simple matter to pin it down functios How does man ‘dflflr in his fundamental behavior | from the rhesus monkey or the rabbit? | We look for a qualitative. not a quan tative. difference. Man, it seems, never 12 to let w nough alone. Ha is always getting dissatisfied, worrying | over things, and trying to improve them. He is always putting two and two together. He is always inventing something—language, clothes. sh | ters, gunpowder, printing. airplanes, Hamlets, moonlight sonatas, laws of gravitation, etc. No rabbit, hardly a chimpanzee even, ever invented anye thing. The rabbit, the rat, the whale, the dog take the world as they find They have no capacity for imagining v way in which it could be improved No rabbit has fundamentally different ideas from all other rabbits. No rab- bit worries over the cor then proceeds to discov vent a furnace discomfort fire and in- to circumvent the whi ands in the way They don't work very long one man's des differ from those of another man and he is forever g s to realize his desires for him, he never satisfied. never gratef him wine—he wants whisky and ceeds to invent it. Give him wool he wants silk and proceeds to get it A substantial Utopia requ that all the bricks be of essent tha same shape a tumbledown structure can be erected with all | shapes, sizes and kinds of stones—re- gardless of the skill of the architect, Aeons ago this difficulty was recog- nized in another branch of animal life —that of the ants and the bees, The: overcame it and proceeded to build substantial and permanent Utopias which have persisted longer than the human race has been in existence. of Carving Worry Away. Now it can be established that these uniquely human functional characters | and the uniquely human physical “front of the brain” closely cor- related Cut the latter and ssatisfactions disappear able extent. The best D to the present has not them en- 1y and very likely it is too late in evolutionary progress to save the | human race altogether. The anar- | chistie frontal labe cells seem to have metastasized into other parts of the | brain. With worry and dissatisfaction | disappears also to a larze extent the capacity to create something new— the much tooted ability of Brownine's "Ahr Volger, “out of three sounds to | make not a fourth sound, but a star.” And this is exactly what we muat be | rid of if we are to have Utopias of any | sort | Back in the dim beginnings of time | minute—probably invisibly | living things came into being somehow 1our of the sea slime. Each was its | own master, pursuing its own way in | the steamy world. By and by they began to combine into group organ- isms, each sacrificing most of its in- dividuality. Eventually the individuals were lost sight of altogether and the group was the unit of life—the trilo~ bite, the cephalopod, the dinosaur, the mammoth, man. Each was a group organism of billions of once individual animals which now fitted perfectly into a “corporate state.” Now, with the discovery that pre- frontal lobectomy is relatively painless, safe and effective, the way is open for the formation of the super-animal, the next step in evolution. Every aggre- gation of cells will fit into the super- aggregation as nicely, as neatly as the single cell fits into the pattern of man. The ants have achieved it. The bees have achieved it. Why should nnt human beings? Colorado for Coal. DENVER (#). — Geologists have estimated that during the past 75 years nearly 370,000,000 tons of coal were mined in Colorado with a value of $785.000.000, or $40,000,000 mora than the value of gold produced in the State during the same period.