Evening Star Newspaper, May 20, 1937, Page 10

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY ____________ _May 20, 1937 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago 'Mice’ 435 North Michigan Ave. Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Edition. The Evening and Sunday Star 5¢ per menth or 15¢ per week The Evening Star The Sunday Star < Night Final Edition, 3 Fnal and ay Sta; BHER SR g - -55c per month t the each month or euch week, Orders may be sent by mail or tele- vhone Natloral 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Bunday.. 1 yr. $10.00; Daily only _ 1 Sunday onl. 10c per week -5c per copy 70¢ per month 1 mo.. 88c yr. "$6.005 1 mol, 60c yr. $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c Dally an Daily only ay only Sund Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press s exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All righ s of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved Ambassador Dieckhoff. Another German-American diplomatic era opens with the presentation to Presi- dent Roosevelt of the credentials of Dr. Hans H. DieckhofT as the Reich’s Ambas- sador to the United States. As both the President and the Berlin envoy pointed out in their formal exchange of greet- ings, Dr. Dieckhoff takes up his duties with a background of previous service at Washington, which should stand him in effective stead in the promotion of understanding and friendship between the German and American peoples and their respective governments. As a dip- lomat of career, whose late years were spent in English-speaking atmosphere, as well as because of the wide acquaint- ance and high esteem which he achieved during his earlier sojourn in this country, Ambassador Dieckhoff inaugurates his mission under many favoring circum- stances. Chancellor Hitler's new spokesman happens to assume command of the Embassy at a moment when American public opinion respecting German events has had recent opportunity to express tself vividly in two different directions. The Hindenburg disaster provided occa- sion both for the administration and the country to voice cordial sympathy with the German nation and to register Amer- ican admiration of the scientific skill and achievement which the Zeppelin air- ships represent. At just about the time of the Lakehurst tragedy, the leading universities of the United States let it be known that they would not send dele- gates to the approaching two-hundredth anniversary celebration of the famous University of Goettingen. The reasons were not specified, but are thoroughly understood both here and in Germany. ‘They denote invincible disinclination on the part of the leaders of our academic life to countenance the system of intel- lectual tyranny typified by Nazi repres= slon of free speech and of liberty of con- science for both the spirit and the mind. The attitude of the universities unques- tionably reflects the overwhelming body of popular sentiment here. It does not spring in any sense from resentment of the boorish outburst of anti-American- ism emitted a few weeks ago by the gov= ernment-controlled Nazi press. Dr. Dieckhoff will embark with open eyes upon the heavy task of cementing German-American relations if he real- izes from the outset that there is an unbridgeable gulf between the things for which Hitlerism stands and the ideals which animate the freedom-loving peo- ples of the Western Hemisphere. The Reich must be conscious that it can never hope to inspire confidence and good will on this side of the world while it con- tinues to regiment and shackle human rights which in the democratic concep- tion of government are fundamental and inalienable. ——or—s The farmer of Coatesville, Ind., is not the only man to make a great demonstra- tion about preaching his own funeral sermon. Politicians have been doing this in Washington, D. C., for many years, ———s. Tokio, Rome and Berlin. Fears of fascism or dictatorship in some form, long rampant in Japan, are nourished afresh by Premier Hayashi’s deflant decision to ignore the overwhelm- ing anti-government vote in the recent general elections, whereby opposition parties won all but a handful of Diet seats. General Hayashi intends to dis- regard the popular verdict at the polls and govern without parliament until legislators manifest a “spirit of world co-operation that is fast withering.” Thus, for all practical purposes, totali- tarian rule of Rome-Berlin pattern is about to be set up at Tokio and the people’s will flouted as effectually as it 1s by Mussolini and Hitler. The Seiyukai and Minseito parties, which swept the late elections on a landslide scale, call upon Hayashi to resign and make way for a government truly representative of national sentiment. But, bulwarked by the army, the premier reveals no readi- ness to surrender his intrenched position. The impression is taking root that the government seeks to establish a purely bureaucratic regime providing for supreme cabinet rule, through creation of so-called advisory administrative ex- ecutive councils comprising a national planning board. Such a system would, of course, be wholly outside the consti- tution and restore Japan to conditions approximating those which prevailed under the Shogunate. Premier Hayashi's patriotism is not challenged, nor is he considered an enthusiast for destruction of the parliamentary order. He is be- lieved, rather, to find himself the help- less victim of circumstances of ‘military making. The Japanese soil in conse- quence becores ripe again for the sprouting of revolutionary resistance to armed autocracy. General Hayashi thoroughly identifies k:\lmself with the militarist contention that Nippon needs “strong” government because of inter- national developments. He proclaims that “the menacing European situation, Russia’s positive advance into the Far East with powerful fighting forces and the Communist International’s aggres- sion cause Japan grave anxiety.” The premier also views with alarm the “world’s gigantic naval programs” and extension of American and European airlines to Asia. It is significant that threats of au- thoritarianism at Tokio coincide with increasing overtures from Italy and Germany designed to bind Japan more closely to them in an anti-Communist front and generally link her with the political ideology which they espouse. A Japanese cruiser is about to pay a return ceremonial visit to German waters, Mussolini has approved ar- rangements with Nipponese universities, looking to propagation of Italo-Japanese cultural ties. Thus, signs multiply that Fascist and Nazi leaders are eager to bring the dominant power of the Far East within the orbit of their dictatorial cult and influence. ————s Keep the Gardens Growing. Congress first granted an appropria- tion for school gardens in 1906 and has been making money available for this very worth-while adjunct of the elemen- tary science courses in the primary grades ever since. Not much money is involved. The first appropriation was for a thousand dollars. At one time $4,000 was allowed. The current sum is $2,400. The work done in these gardens, some of them.no larger than five by eleven feet and the largest covering 8,000 square feet, has been valuable for the children and of some benefit to communities where, otherwise, there might be no gar- dens at all. The children become inter- ested in watching things grow. Some of them learn, in these little gardens, a tiny bit about the wonderful scheme of life on which their seed and their seedlings depend—the rain and the sun, the birds and the insects and the nature of the soil itself. A successful school garden— and some of them are spots of striking beauty—makes for improvement in home gardens. Children are always anxious to show at home what they have learned to do in school. About 13,000 childrer are now receiving some instruction in school gardens at a cost of about two cents a pupil. For many of them the gardening work will continue through the Summer months after school has closed. For many of them this is their only opportunity to work in a garden. Is it not worth while to carry on this Work, so plainly beneficial and so well- established? Most people will agree that it is and will regard as unfortunate the arbitrary action of the House committee in eliminating the appropriation neces- sary to support the gardens. Perhaps the inclusion in a $45,000,000 appropria- tien bill of items for purchase of a ten- cent putt-putt boat, four toy balloons, a clay pipe, a dozen candles and other curi- ous odds and ends for the elementary sclence course was a grave mistake. Such things do arouse the risibilities of the gentlemen on the appropriations sub- committee, provoking them to use the blue pencil in broad strokes. But it is not necessary to strike out the school garden appropriation in order to prevent the purchase of a putt-putt boat. Everybody will be glad to see this item restored to the appropriation bill in the Senate. oo Good Work. The House District Committee is to be commended for its prompt action yesterday in favorably reporting the King-Norton bill to bar nuisance in- dustries from the District of Columbia. The vote reflected the committee's desire to act in the best interests of its con- stituency—the people of the District— and its appreciation of the need for prompt action to avert a grave mistake in National Capital development. As the hearings draw to a close at the other end of the Capitol, the over- whelming preponderance of testimony favors immediate enactment of the King- Norton measure. The testimony has come from citizens and officials of the municipal and National governments who are convinced that the time has come when the interests of National Capital development demand exclusion from the District of nuisance industries. While the plans of the Gobel company for a slaughter house and rendering plant are incidentally involved, the bill is aimed primarily at closing the door irrevocably to the addition of new nui- sance industries in the District. The only sentiment against enactment of the bill has come from the few who stand to benefit financially or otherwise from the operations of a slaughter house and rendering plant. It is inconceivable that their limited interests would be permitted to stand in the way of this most necessary legislation, ——oe—s. American trade has sponsored much American music and claims honor for its brisk melodies though not invariably for the costuming implied. R Tenth Anniversary. Ten years ordinarily might be re- garded as a mere tick of the clock in human experience, but the decade that has passed since Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh flew the Atlantic from New York to Paris has been so distinctively remarkable as to merit special comment. Let it be granted at once that occa- sional disappointments have been chron- icled, it still remains true that aviation has made unprecedented progress. The navigation of the skies now is a com- monplace phefomenon of travel. People fly with greater safety than they walk the streets of any average city or motor over the roads of any average country- side. And it is fair to concede to Colonel Lindbergh a goodly portion of the credit in the circumstances. His venturesome negotiation of the trackless waste be- tween America :nd Europe provided his THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, MAY 20, 1937. contemporaries with needed confidence in air transportation. In brief, te proved that the feat could be accomplished without undue peril. His achievement worked a miraculous change in the psy- chology of mankind. If any single indi- vidual ever may be regarded as being responsible for the beginning of a new age in human history, he is that person. But the impact of his triumph has not been limited to aviation alone. There also have been notable gains in other flelds of endeavor. Every branch of science and every department of the useful arts have manifested the same dynamic progress. Radio and sound motion pictures in color may be cited as obvious examples. The public like- wise is conscious of significant advances in medicine, sociology and education. To dramatize current conquest of fate it may be mentioned that the Works Prog- ress Administration recently reported that in the past four years it has taught seven hundred thousand adults to read. Perhaps Colonel Lindbergh may be re- garded as the symbol of his generation. He has known loss and sorrow, struggle and victory as millions of other young man have known them; he has been saddened as they have been, but he has not lived nor suffered in vain, and neither have they. ’ ——we—. “For the first time in the history of crime,” says a wise United States attor- ney, “human beings have been doped like horses.” There would be a classic relaxation in this thought. But horses have been wicked in their misdeeds since ancient times owing to the misemploy- ment of drugs and the failure of a cor- rect human attitude to assert itself. S A slight period of discouragement in airplane manufacture may be prompted by a disposition on the part of heavier- than-air craft to take stock. There is & memory of regret for the section of the earth's plane now designated as unfit for human habitation without wings, —— et It is admitted by Mr. Herbert Bayard Swope that he won the lottery on two occasions at the dog races, but he de= nied that he had sponsored or had any= thing to do with the sweepstakes. Mr. Swope, was there, but evidently does not intend to be made to feel like the me- chanical rabbit. o If the “right” men could be induced to retire from every business, tranquil operation would be assured. The diffi- culty is in selecting the right men for retirement when a number of new ones have missed filling the bill. — e If old redskins puzzle palefaces, they have at least made their way into the Nation's art, history and poetry. Red- skins have a poetry of their own, and wise words that still command repe- tition in many an oration. —— e Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNBON. Trying Again. We gaze and gaze and gaze and gaze. We hope to gain a fleeting view Of Life and Truth's mysterious ways, And sometimes we learn something new. We walk and walk and walk and walk. The journey seems to have no end. And yet we plod and do not balk, For now and then we meet & friend. We read and read and read and »ead. We find at last some tiny hint That seems to meet our special need, ‘Well worth the putting into print. We talk and talk and talk and talk With seriousness or glee fmmense. We chatter, chirp or squeal or squawk And sometimes talk a little sense, Men and Questions. “You admit that there are two sides to every question?” “Certainly,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “Just as I know that a man has feet and a head. But that fact would not seem to me an excuse for getting himself upside down.” Jud Tunkins says one of the penalties of fame is that a man has to look pleas- ant ard be photographed whether he likes it or not. Confusion. There was a statesman long ago Whose argument went flat. He paused 'mid eloquence aglow And said “Where am I at?” We find our country now and then, Discussing this and that, Takes counsel with all mortal men And says “Where am I at?” “The power to command,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “brings but little happiness unless it shows hope and good faith with those who willingly obey.” Relativities. “You wouldn't care for a man unless you could look up to him.” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne, “but I don't want to be obliged to look up too far. Who wants to feel like a midget?” Always Possible. I much deplore all money greed, In accents loud and zealous, And yet this thought I have to heed— I may be slightly jealous. “I tries to mind de law,” said Uncle Eben, “because, after all, it's & kind of good advice dat’ll help yoh own peace an’ comfort.” Artistic Discords. From the Joplin (Mo.) Globe. Some scientist declares modern artists produce the sort of paintings they do because of bad eyesight. A Texas man thinks maybe this means saxophone players are hard of hearing. The Interested Class. Prom the Sioux City Tribune, Maybe one of the troubles of this country is that nobody is interested in deficits except those who have to pay them., A N No Slur Intended Upon Intelligence of Laity To the Editor of The Star: In view of the fact that Mr. Elmer C. Crowell has seen fit to answer my letter of protest against unwarranted condem- nation of the medical profession relative to the practice of animal vivisection, appearing over my signature in The Star May 6, 1937, by transposing the issue to an alleged underrating of lay intelligence on our part, his palpable error compels me to answer. In writing my protest I was attempt- ing to appeal to the very intelligence of the layman which Mr. Crowell claims we, as physicians, hold in contempt. His rebuttal gives evidence of an ignorance of history and an utter contempt of facts which fairly shout their admonition to the unbiased and discerning. Medical progress never has and never will rise above the threshold of lay intel- ligence. The efficacy of vaccination against smallpox had to await genera- tions of preventable plagues with their attendant high mortality until lay intel~ ligence was capable of comprehending the benefits of vaccination and an enlightened public opinion demanded its protection. Because lay intelligence remembered the lesson from smallpox, preventive inoculation against dinhtheria, scarlet fever and whooping cough has been adopted with little delay, giving promise of eradicating these diseases within the next generation, or at least making their persistent virulence a scathing indictment of community intel- ligence. The partnership of lay intelli- gence with medical research has resulted in the control of typhoid fever, eliminat- ing endemic sources of infection through sanitary measures and when proper sani- tation was impossible, obtained the same objective by immunization of suscep- tibles. In a like manner malaria has practically disappeared from these parts, where it was indigenous some thirty years ago, simply because lay intelligence appreciated the role the mosquito played in its causation and took proper sanitary measures to screen living quarters and destroy the mosquito’s breeding place. Rabies has been conquered and the lethal convulsions of tetanus are almost a thing of the past because 1 intelligence co-operated with medical science. This same lay intelligence and this lay under- standing of the fundamental issues involved has made the lives of children safer by creating and supporting the health department, and I may say with- out fear of exaggeration that the health department’s assurance of success is directly proportional to the community intelligence. Lay intelligence is winning the battle against tuberculosis by accept- ing the challenge of human need and by its crusading aggressiveness, uprooting its prolific breeding place, the squalid environment of poverty and economic privation. Lay intelligence is saving thousands of lives annually by recogniz- ing the danger signals of abdominal pain and the potential malignancy of a little lump in a woman'’s breast and by that intelligent recognition of prodromal symptoms brings the victim of appendi- citis and cancer under the jurisdiction of the medical profession early enough to enjoin preventable morbidity and mortality. The medical profession sees no reason to defend the thesis that the brute is possessed of the same moral rights as his rational superior in the biological scale. If, in an attempt to establish the truth of a biological hypethesis, the issue is raised as to which is the proper subject of a corroborating experiment, man or brute beast, we deem that sentimentality which demands the jeopardy of a rational being in the brute’s stead a self- adduced absurdity. The animal was created for man, not man for the animal. Our fear is not of lay intelligence but of lay ignorance mobilized by self-seek- ing demagogues who use sophistry to arouse passions for ignoble ends. ‘We appeal to the intelligence of the laity not to let the modern Proteus deceive them. The anti-vivisectionist may be the Simon-pure article. but we have seen a bunch of them who were members of several clubs and all of them were anti-something! THOMAS E. MATTINGLY, M. D. Nuisance Plants Menace To Residential Areas To the Editor of The Star: I want to thank you for the publication in Sunday’s Star headed: “Public Aroused on Nuisance Plants.” Not only would the abattoir in East Washington be a nuisance, but there have already been other nuisances allowed to creep into residential sections in the city. For instance, where Ilive, at 619 East Capitol street, which is supposed to be strictly residential, there are two auto repair shops in the alley of this block. The noise of the hammering, grinding and screeching sounds all day long have caused several families to move away on account of it. A number of years ago the owner of this property was given a permit to have a storage-home-garage, and did minor repairs, but now modern machinery has been added, which makes the plant a nuisance. The city officials seem to be helpless because the owners have permits for the plants. The press, the newspaper, is a wonder- ful institution in helping the citizens here, who must depend on appointed offi- cials to represent them. I certainly hope you will continue to arouse the interest of the readers of your valuable paper to influence some one to help rid our city of nuisances. I have been secretary of the Stanton Park Citizens’ Association for the last ten years, until recently. The motto of our organization is: “A community worth living in is worth working for.” MRS. LUTHER H. BROWN, Injustice by Congress to Disabled War Veterans To the Editor of The Star: Since my operation, while in the Army, on August 12, 1918, I have been totally and permanently disabled. In May, 1936, my claim for war risk insurance was rejected. The committee reported favor- ably this year a bill to pay in full war risk insurance to me, and this was again rejected on May 4, 1937. These gentlemen do wrong to fight against disabled war veterans, because, on the merits of evidence, we are entitled to recover war risk insurance. I think it should be mentioned in this paper that a man by the name of Meta de Rene McLoskey was killed in the war and yet payment of his war risk insurance was rejected. Those men who kill such bills in Con- gress do an injustice to us disabled war veterans that they do not do to others who need relief. .MIKE CHETKOVICH: — Superfluous. From the Omaha World-Herald. Government bookkeepers don't need those rose-colored glasses. All the bal- ances are in red ink. s Nearly Silent. From the Grand Island Independent. The silent motor car has been pre- dicted. All we need now is something to take the squeak out of the pedestrian when struck by one. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Phlox divaricata is one of the lesser glaries of this glorious month. Its light blue flowers and good foliage make it a great addition to any flower garden. It really has three names— Phlox divaricata canadensis, the last showing its origin. Usually the first two alone are used, the first, or genus, name, showing the family, and always capital- ized, wherever used, and the second, or species, name, always in lower case, in accordance with scientific terminology. Fortunately, the home gardener does not have to bother with terminology unless he wants to; he is at liberty to purchase and plant this fine perennial without knowing a single one of fits “names.” This is the happy thing about all gardening. It is possible to garden and know, and garden and know little, yet no doubt the latter gets as much genuine pleasure out of the growing as the former. Well, maybe! * E K X In the garden, as elsewhere, mostly a matter of personal taste. If the names of flowers fascinate they should be learned and kept in mind. If they do not they should be passed over. Either way, the flower remains beau- tiful “What's in a name?” is the classic question, with its answer, “A rose by any other name would be as sweet.” While one may not agree with that altogether, it remains a fact that a flower is just as pretty, and gives as much beauty in an average yard, whether its proper scientific name is known or not. it is * o kX The interest in knowing the scientific names of plants, as well as their com- mon ones, grows with what it feeds on. This is not a sort of mental snobbery, but a legitimate interest, since the more one knows along this line the keener the desire is to know more. It is possible to be a very poor Latin scholar and still have a real interest in the form of classification of flora and fauna which exemplifies itself large- ly in these scientific names. Few ti s give the famous “man on the street” a bigger laugh than a long Latin name, so used, but after he comes to know a few of them himself he in- variably loses his desire to grin. He realizes that common names of plants, in particular, are likely to be very misleading, since the same names are used in different countries, even localities in the same State, for dif- ferent plants. The same plant may be called one place the blessed thistle, and in the very next county labeled the devil's thistle. Take your choice. On the other hand, the scientific name is the same the world around. If we talk of Phlox divaricata, whoever sees the name, whether he lives in America, Russia, Germany, France, Eng- land or Africa, can know exactly which plant, out of all the world of plants is meant. * o % X Phlox divaricata, once planted, grows and spreads, so that in a few years the STARS, MEN grower has plenty to give away to friends. All flowers are not good to give to friends. One gains nothing, in the main, by glving plants away. Too often the re- ceiver minimizes, or neglects, them. He or she is not to blame, perhaps; it is here as with dogs, the dog one buys is better than the gift pup. A little money ! plunked down gives one a certain re- spect, from the very beginning, for the animal. It is so with plants. If you want to love plants, and get the most out of them, never accept a batch of them from a friend. That is not the way. A few of these wild phloxes, however, will in time make any garden bloom, and that with practically no care or at- tention. In time the most indifferent recipient comes to see that these really are standard May month flowers, as good in their way as the tulips, the lilacs, the peonies which grace it. * % ¥ % “Divaricata” comes from divaricatus, diverging; botanically, widely diverging, as the branches of some trees and shrubs. Applied to this phlox, it means branches somewhat widely spread, as well as the plant itself spread over a very large territory in its natural state. Phlox is from a Greek word meaning flame, from the verb meaning to burn, and refers to the bright colors. There are many cultivated forms of phlox, all of them in wide use in aver- age home gardens. Some of them suf- fer from a sort of rust, but the divari- cata is singularly free from it. The beauty of this phlox is the rare drift of blue which it gives at this time, and which goes so well with the bright colors of so many of the tulips now in flower. The lighter shades of blue, sometimes called porcelain, or powder blue, are known for their ability to tie together different and brighter flowering things. Drifts of Phlox divaricata bring into harmony the brightest shades of reds and yellows in tulips, for instance. They do this even better than white flowers, the other old garden “stand-by” for the purpose, * X X X Phlox divaricata would be even more widely used than it is if it had a good common name. It is true that many persons shy from purchasing plants whose names they are not able to pronounce. Let them write them down, then, and poke the paper at the nursery man. Especially in this case, for here is one of the best plants possible for an aver- age garden, where plenty of bloom is wanted without too much effort. This phlox stands severe Winters and comes up smiling in the Spring. It does not seem to be harmed by ca- pricious seasons, too much rain or too much drought. It does well under a variety of con- ditions, ranging from the rock garden to the open border. No yard should be without it. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Dome-like foreheads may mark man’s next step forward in evolution. This is the prediction of Dr. Fred- erick Tilney, professor of neurology at Columbia University. It will come from the increasing size, generation after generation, of the frontal lobe of the brain—the latest and most human thing in the story of evolution. All the brain's progress from the earliest fishes, Dr. Tilney says, points in this direction, and the trend may be speeded and exaggerated by the stresses of civilization. It is this part of the brain, Dr. Tilney pointed out, where is centered the capacity for de- layed reaction, which may be synony- mous with thinking, that is man’s chief differentiating characteristic. Said Dr. Tilney: “Since early begin- nings man has grown in huma_nity as his brain has expanded, and his fore- head has risen above his eyes. The brain area in which the greatest de- velopment has occurred is the _from,a_al lobe. Its progressive growth since it made its first appearance gives an accurate impression of the manner in which the brain has responded to the increasing demands made upon it. There are no indications that these demands will decrease in their urgency as time goes on. “This fact seems to point in a })ope(ul direction. It seems equally cgrtam that upon the average only a relatively small fraction of the human brain is at pres- ent utilized to the most effective ad- vantage in the interest of humanity. This condition seems to mean that the power is in our hands to bring into play much more of the brain’s potential energy than we have yet developed. In addition to these considerations, the human cerebrum may still be looked upon as in its early youth. By most of us it is regarded as a finished product, but its long prehistoric record as we know it today does not support this point of view. “The picture of almost uninterrupted human progress is inspiring. How readily it has been taken at its face value by the most gullible of living animals, homo sapiens. Man has been too deeply engrossed in his ancient glories and modern proficiencies to take a good look at himself. No longer than a quarter of a century ago there were reasons for the Caucasian’s pride and self-assurance. Peace existed be- tween the nations. Success filled every walk of life. Social order rested first upon moral foundations. This was a human establishment upon Wwhich to rely. “But ultimately this record of the white man brings us to a fateful Mid- summer afternoon in August, 1914. The race has been the victim of many self- inflicted catastrophes. Thus far it has always managed to come back and go forward again. Where it has stood still is in the manifest control over human nature. “This long record makes it appear likely that the brain of modern man is only some intermediate stage in the ultimate development of the master organ of life. Furthermore, all the evidence which is available from the long primate and mammalian history of the brain conveys the strong impression that the evolutionary process has not come to an end with modern man as its culminating phase.” Changes through which the brain has passed, Dr. Tilney said, have been the result of structural modifications begin- ning in the fish. The formation of the cerebral cortex has an antiquity in the mid-brain which goes back to the ear- liest fishes. The reactions of these animals were largely controlled by nuclear nerve cell aggregations in the brain stem and spinal cord. In con- sequence of this largely nuclear regula- tion of its energy turnover the fish possesses a limited power to withhold its reactions. Its behavior is highly impulsive. Impressions from the out- side world produce, in the main, almost immediate responses. “Such rapid reactions,” Dr. Tilney said, “preclude a large range of acts which characterize more deliberate and thoughtful behavior. The brain mech- anism for the most ample kind of life was not yet present at this stage of animal development. It began to make its appearance, however, when certain fishes assumed a partial adjustment to life on land. These adventurous pio- neers managed to crawl out of the muddy waters at times when there was lack of oxygen or the food supply was in- sufficient. They set on foot the pro- gressive changes which ultimately gave rise to the fore and hind limbs of such amphibians as the frogs. “When these latter animals made their appearance, nearly all of the fun- damental problems of the vertebrate brain had been solved. There was still need for certain expansions in brain power, and these, in some part, were produced in the next succeeding stage of reptiles. The ancient habit of highly rapid reactions, which imposed serious limitations on the activities of the fish, had not been entirely overcome by the amphibian or the reptile. These ani- mals still lacked the brain machinery needed for the more deliberate and varied reactions of the most effective kind of life. “In the mammals new and large areas of the cerebral hemispheres came into existence to form the “grey matter” covering each hemisphere. In this way billions of new nerve cells were added to the brain. Even more important was their orderly arrangement in layers and their intimate connection by nerve fibers. When the mammals became possessed of that invaluable brain equip- ment, the new cortex, they at once began to turn it to their own advantage. They became great adventurers and great specialists.” - Reply to Letter on Flood and Fire Hazard To the Editor of The Star: May I call attention to an erroneous impression conveyed in the letter on flood and fire hazard by Mr. Mark S. Willing in your “Letters to the Editor” column, May 6? The Forest Service does not practice elimination of “loose leaves, brush, rot- ting and decayed trees” from the forests. On the contrary, on forest lands under its administration the Forest Service endeavors to retain and protect forest litter of any description that will serve to make the watershed more effective in holding back stream flow and preventing too rapid run-off. Fire protection, which nelps to preserve the forest litter and the porous water-holding soil beneath it, really is a measure of flood prevention. Only on a few spots and roadside strips ‘where the fire hazard is extreme is a cer- tain amount of debris removed to afford protective strips. Observing such road- side fire hazard reduction work near at hand may have led, in some cases, to & mistaken impression of the forest and watershed protection job as a whole. I wish to assure Mr. Willing that the pro- tection and proper use of the water re- source has always been and remains one of the principal objectives of all Forest Service ROY E. MILLER. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Where will the national champion=- ship motor cycle races be held this year? —8. N. A. At Richmond, V. on May 30-31. Q. What variety of apple leads in pro- duction in the Winchester (Va.) region? —R. C. A. Among the 12,000,000 apple trees in the Shenandoah Valley, the York Im- perial is perhaps the most numerous. Winchester, the scene of the apple blos- som festival, is known as the heart of the apple belt. Q. Where will the Central States Hay- fever Association meet this year?—C. H. A. The annual meeting will be held at Richmond, Ind, on June 13. Q. What song is called the national hymn of the American Negro?—H. F. A. “Lift Every Voice and Sing,” music by Rosamond Johnson, and words by James Weldon Johnson, is so called. Q. Can you give a definition of edi- torial policy?—H. F. A. As early as October 5, 1878, Joel Chandler Harris, writing in Grady's Sun- day Gazette, said: “An editor must have a purpose. He must have some object in view beyond the mere expression of an opinion, or the publication of a news= paper. The purpose may be either moral, social or political, but it must be well de- find and pursued constantly. * * * An editor with a purpose can sweep away all false conditions in society and poli- tics and bring his fellows back to the sweet simplicity of the ancient days. Provided he be earnest. That is every= thing:n® e Q. Please give a list of picture maga- zines?—E. H. A. The following are among those now being published: Life, Look, Popular Photography, Pic, Foto and Photo-His- tory. Q. Why are Mrs. Ethel Mars' stables named Milky Way?—H. W A. They are named after the choco- late confection which was manufactured by her husband, the late Frank C. M: and contributed to his large fortune. Q. What fur is d under the largest number of names?—H. R. M. A. It is probably rabbit fur, which s sold under the following names: A tralian seal, Arciic seal, seal-musquash, sealette, sealine, French seal, New Zea- land seal, lapin, Red River beaverette, Belgian seal, molin, moli visionette, nutriette, French sable, ermiline, ermi- nette, coney-leopard, chinchilletta and Baltic tiger. Q. How long have given?>—W. H. A. Their origin is lost in obscurity. The Coventry pageant depicting the story of Lady Godiva has been given since 1678, Q. Who invented the new flexible bathing suit for women?—H. W. A. It was designed by Wilfrid L. Sloan and will stretch to fit any woman's figure from sizes 12 to 20. pageants been Q. Do German girls have to belong to an organization similar to that which is compulsory for the boys?—J. M. A. It is now compulsory for all girle between the ages of 17 and 21 to j the Association of German Girls. Thes must attend the camp meetings, wear the uniform and devote a certaim num- ber of hours weekly to receiving athletic instruction. Q. Are any members of the origina) cast playing in the revival of “Abie's Irish Rose” in New York City?—J. L. A. There are two members of the original company, Alfred H. White and Bernard Gorcey. Q. What is the total number of war medals that have been given to soldiers? Which medal was most widely dis- tributed?>—H. K. A. The total of medals on record af the War Department is 1.543,721. The Victory Medal, issued after the World War, is the most widely distributed The next largest issue has been the Purple Heart. Q. Who was the woman who, when her father was executed. secured his head and preserved it until her death? —H.F. G. A. The story, which is probably a myth, was told of Margaret Roper, an English woman of great learning, wife of William Roper, an author, and daugh- ter of Sir Thomas More. It is frequently repeated and finds an echo in Tenny- son’s “Dresm of Fair Women.” Q. Is Daniel Defore's “Robinson Cmi- 80¢” based on another story?—K. R. A. The story was founded on Dam- pier's “Voyage 'Round the World” (1697 the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor, and other sources. Q. Of whom did Catiline speak when he referred to “a naturalized immi- grant”?—N. C. A. Of Cicero. Q. What is the name of the largest company producing Diesel engines?— H.F. A. The Caterpillar Tractor Co. at Peoria, Ill, is the world's largest pro- ducer of Diesel engines. Q. What city is on 19 islands?—W. P, A. Leningrad is situated on 19 islands. Q. What is the name of Ann Harding's second hushand?—K. L. A. The actress is now married to Werner Janssen, conductor and com- poser. Q. What ave caryatids?—J. W. A. They are sculptured female figures which, in some classical and renaissance buildings, serve as supports, taking the place of columns or pilasters. The most noted of such figures appear in the ruins of the Erechtheum, Athens, and in a hall of the Louvre. A Rhyme at Twilight - By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. Beloved. Soft moonlight makes me dream of you, Hot forest fires and Springtime dew, A mountain dawn, a stormy night, Fresh rainfall in a wet twilight, A swift-winged plane against the sky, A bright-winged bluebird flashing by, Snow in a meadow, gales at sea, A sun-touched river running free, A blazing log of pungent pine, A fragrant rose, a song divine, A sparkling brook, a wide lagoon, Sunrise and midnight, dusk and noon— ‘Wherever loveliness has place I m*the beauty of your face.