Evening Star Newspaper, April 30, 1937, Page 26

B—6 « THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. (., FRIDAY, APRIL 30, 1937. $15,000,000,000, and the cost of edu-| A total of 1,333,528 crimes wereiEdXebut. chairman of the Forum Com- Scientist Toys With Theor Of Melting-Away Creation| PUTAT 15 BILLIONS Hypothesis That Light Continuously Loses Energy in Flight Through Space Advanced by Dr. Haas. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The whole vastness of creation— the whirling galaxies, the flaming gtars, the hurtling supergalaxies— may be meltIng away into & primaeval, formless darkness. An hypothesis that light continu- ously is losing energy in its bullet- like flight through space was ad- vanced by Dr. Arthur Haas of the University of Notre Dame before the American Physical Society meeting at the Bureau of Standards today. It was offered as an alternative explanation of the outstanding para- dox of modern astronomy. This is the “red shift.” At unimaginable dis- tances beyond the utmost limits of the 30,000,000,000-star Milky Way galaxy, of which the solar system is an infinitesimal part—distances which light moving at approximately 180,000 miles & second requires mil- lions of years to cross—are millions of other aggregations of stars con- stituting galaxies of the same order of magnitude. Red Shift of Light. The spectra of the light from | these far-away galaxies as received | on the earth shows a strange thing. The farther away they are the more | the lines of the spectra are shifted | toward the red or longer wave lengths. It has been determined that this is exactly what would happen when a source of light was moving at a tre- mendous speed away from the ob- server. This is so well established that from the amount of the red shift one can calculate the speed of outward motion. It was determined that the more distant the outer galaxy the greater the red shift—that is, the greater the speed of outward motion. If this interpretation is accepted, the concept of a creation rapidly ex- panding in size into the dark depths of nothingness is inescapable. It might be expanding like a soap bub- | ble or like the flying fragments of an exploding bomb. But there is another possible ex- planation, Dr. Haas stressed before | the physicists today. The light it- telf may actually be changing its wave length. It may be a general law that moving radiation changes— over unimaginably long periods—from ‘ultra-violet to blue to green to yellow to red to infra-red to long radio waves and finally into—this he stressed is pure speculation—a form- less darkness and coldness, a sort of primeval ether, out of which all things are born again. Change in Loss of Energy. Radiation—visible light and all other kinds—is made up of units | known as photons. A photon is a | unit of energy. It is not exactly a | particle nor exactly an immaterial | waive, but something of a combination of the two. The more energy the shorter the wave length, covering the whole range of the spectrum. Take enough energy out of blue light, for example, and it will become green light. Take enough out of yellow light | and it will become red light | There is no experimental evidence that this actually happens, but if it is assumed to happen at & constant rate, Dr. Haas pointed out, the strange phenomenon of the “red shift” can be explained satisfactorily with- out resorting to the hypothesis of an exploding or bubble-expanding uni- verse The end result may be no happier, however. Dr. Haas’ calculations call for a loss of energy of 1.2 hundredth trillionth trillionth trillionth of a millionth of an erg of energy—an erg is an almost infinitely minute amount—per photon per vibration, and for every photon of visible light | there are trillions of vibrations a second. It would require at this rate approximately a billion years for a green photon to change into a yellow photon Longer Wave Length. The theory calls for the assumption that each photon, regardless of wave length or the amount of energy it originally contains, give: off exactly the same amount of eneggy at each vibration. As the loss of energy process goes down the scale to longer and longer wave lengths it is vastly decelerated, because there are not so many vibrations a second. Finally, far beyond the range of the longest radio waves now known, a point might be reached where there would be only one energy element left. But there is an end to all things, | and eventually the photon is left without any energy at all. It was| nothing but energy in the first place, 80 it is finally—nothing. But energy itself is a reality. What would become of these unimaginable minute packages of energy, the small- est things ever conceived, which have been lost in the transformation of light into nothing? Here, Dr. Haas explained in an interview, it becomes a matter of purely metaphysical spec- ulation, but one might conceive that they become absorbed by a form of ether—not the historical form but something hitherto undreamed of— out of which all things are recon. stituted again. It now is generally accepted that all things—the sun, the galaxy itself, the super galaxies far beyond—are radiating themselves away. This process proceeds according to a known formula—the famous mass times the velocity of light squared—first intro= duced by Einstein. Then, according to the new theory, the light itself melts away. Alternative Theory. The alternative, Dr. Haas said, is to assume that there is something wrong with the classical theory of gravity and accept a ‘“cosmological constant” introduced by Einstein in & special recasting of his theory of relativity. Either explanation does n;\'ay with the difficulty of the red shift. The total energy emitted by all the | radiating matter in the universe can | be calculated and, Dr. Haas says, just | about balances the calculated loss which would be necessary to account for the red shift The amolunts of energy and the enormous time intervals over which | the process takes place, he said, prob- ably will make it forever impossible for the photon destruction hypothesis ever to be tested with any light of earthly origin. CORSON & GRUMAN LOW IN BID FOR PARK JOB | Engineers Study Alternatives in | Specifications Prior to Making Award. C. Marshall Finnan, superintendent i of National Capital Parks, announced today that the indicated low bidder | & for the structural work in Rawlins Park, between the new and old In- terior Department Buildings, is Cor- son & Gruman, Thirty-third and K streets. Engineers of the National Park Service are studying several alterna- tives called for under the specifica. tions prior to making a final award. The structural work includes the construction of a central fountain, sidewalks and benches. grading and top soiling has now been completed, Finnan said. Seed Corn Poor This Year. Seed corn is germinating poorly this | : year, according to tests made by the Kansas State seed laboratory. UG Beauty Qur Du CLEANED n%?rou D’Y a// Mr.FylaNa. 3291 | SANITARY CARPET & | RUG CLEANING €O. :106 INDIANA AVE. MOTHPROOF STORAGE FIRE, THEFT and damage from MOTHS. WEST END LAUNDRY 1723-25 Penn. Ave. N.W. Phone ME. 0200 - ~ CLEVER COASTER SETS Eight Cork Coasters packed in amusing decorated racks, $1.25 a set. First Floor MR. FOSTERS REMEMBRANCE SHOP The House of Gifts 606 13th St. N. Na. 5390 Magnolias | ¥ have been planted in the park, and | garters and tab. 56 '36 U. S. CRIME BILL Five Times Cost of Nation’s Edu- cational Work, Capt. Kelly Tells Club. The contrast between the ecost of crime in the United Stats last year, - 1220 cation, $3,000,000,000, was drawn by Capt. Patrick B. Kelly, director of the Institution of Criminal Sclence, in an address yesterday before the Cosmopolitan Club at the Carlton Hotel. Capt. Kelly pointed out that 13,242 murders were committed in the United Stats last year. This means approxi- mately one murder every 40 minutes, or 36 a day. committed in the United States last year, he said. This would mean one crime every two and a half minutes, 152 crimes an hour, or 3,653 a day. His list for the year included 7,881 sex crimes, 55660 robberies, 47,534 cases of aggravated assault, 278,823 cases of burglary, 716,674 of larceny and 213,712 automobile thefts. President Arthur W. Defencerfer turned the meeting over to William We enthusiastically recommend these May Events os the biggest and best yet! planned so long in advance and never bought such huge quontities—and we say THE VALUES REFLECT IT! These are slips and gowns, corsets and house coats that you'll be happy to own. and workmanship could not have been chosen more care fully! NEW YORK County grand jury has asked for more policemen during the 1939 World Fair. Loyal to Queens’ own citizens, the jury stated plainly the extra officers were needed to cope with “persons of ¢vil disposition’ who may be attracted | taken, it was smid Larsen died of & to the fair. mittee, who introduced Capt. Kelly. SR g Preparedness for Fair. (#)-—The Tomorrow—launching a galaxy of special events in the Grey Shops— The buyers say they never We assure you that quality “’Samplers’’ of May Events; 1,800 Slips! 800 Gowns! Regularly Slips Tailored! Slips lace-trimmed! ps of pure dye, pure <atin! 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